DE1045487B

DE1045487B - Antenna system

Info

Publication number: DE1045487B
Application number: DEI11734A
Authority: DE
Inventors: Irving R Taylor
Original assignee: International Standard Electric Corp
Current assignee: International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date: 1955-05-26
Filing date: 1956-05-25
Publication date: 1958-12-04
Also published as: FR69828E

Description

Die Praxis hat aber gezeigt, daß zur Erlangung einer However, practice has shown that to obtain a

großen Bandbreite die Reflektoranordnungen zu groß «large bandwidth the reflector arrangements too large «

werden müssen, um sie genügend schnell um den Mittelstrahler rotieren zu lassen. Ein anderer Nachteil der kann, /ist jedes der Reflektorelemente in Form einer bekannten Systeme liegt darin, daß benachbarte Metall- 25 Spirale gebaut, ebenso besteht der untere Strahlerteil teile, wie Motoren und Getriebe, die zur Drehung der der Koaxial dipol antenne aus einer Vielzahl Spiralen. Reflektoren um den Mittelstrahkr notwendig sind, eine Diese sind in gleichmäßigen Abständen um die Über-Verschlechterung des Strahlungsdiagramms und da- tragungsleitung angeordnet, um die mechanische Länge durch eine Verschlechterung in der Unterscheidung der zu erhalten und die untere Hälfte des Koaxialdipols Signale empfängerseitig bewirken. Diese Verschlechte- 30 in einen größeren Abstand von den Antriebsteilen zu rung wird hauptsächlich von der Nähe der Metallteile bringen, als es bisher möglich war. am unteren Ende der koaxialen Dipolantenne ver- Die Erfindung wird im folgenden an Hand vonmust be in order to let them rotate fast enough around the center radiator. Another disadvantage that can / is that each of the reflector elements is in the form of a known systems is that adjacent metal 25 built spiral, as is the lower part of the radiator parts, such as motors and gears, used to rotate the coaxial dipole antenna from a multitude of spirals. Reflectors around the Mittelstrahkr are necessary, these are evenly spaced to avoid over-deterioration of the radiation pattern and data line arranged to the mechanical length by a deterioration in the distinction of the get and the lower half of the coaxial dipole Cause signals on the receiver side. This worsening at a greater distance from the drive parts tion will mainly bring from the proximity of the metal parts than was previously possible. at the lower end of the coaxial dipole antenna. The invention is described below with reference to

ursacht. Zeichnungen erläutert.causes. Drawings explained.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, das im Hauptpatent Fig. 1 ist eine perspektivische Ansicht, teilweise imThe object of the invention is that in the main patent Fig. 1 is a perspective view, partly in

beschriebene Antennensystem in der mechanischen 35 Schnitt, eines Antennenaufbaues nach dem Grund-Länge zu verkürzen und gegen die Nähe des Antriebs gedanken der Erfindung, in bezug auf die Strahlungselemente unempfindlich zu
machen.antenna system described in the mechanical 35 section, to shorten an antenna structure according to the basic length and to the proximity of the drive thought of the invention, insensitive to the radiation elements
do.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe besteht darin, daß sowohl die rotierende Reflektoranordnung als auch ein Teil des Strahlers selbst aus einer Vielzahl von auf Resonanz abgestimmten Spiralen besteht.The solution to the problem is that both the rotating reflector assembly and a part of the radiator itself consists of a large number of spirals tuned to resonance.

Der untere Strahlerteil der Koaxialdipolantenne ist
aus einer Vielzahl kleiner Spiralen zusammengesetzt,
die eine Impedanz darstellen, die gleich der Impedanz 45 dem Innenleiter 5 der Übertragungsleitung 6 Verbundes oberen Dipols ist, aber eine geringere mechanische den ist. Der untere äußere Teil des Mittelstrahlers 1 Länge haben. Der Kopplungseffekt zwischen den unte- besteht aus einer Vielzahl Spiralen 7, die mit dem ren Spiralen und den Metallteilen einschließlich An- Außenleiter 6 der Übertragungsleitung verbunden triebsmotor und Tragkonstruktion wird verkleinert, sind. Eine Vielzahl Direktorelemente 3 und jeweils was sich in einem Abnehmen der in den Strahlungs- 50 gegenüberliegend eine aus spiralförmigen Leitern beelementen induzierten Spannungen äußert. Um die stehende Reflektoranordnung 2 sind so angebracht, mechanische Ausdehnung der Antennenkonstruktion daß sie um den Mittelstrahler 1 drehbar sind. Der klein zu halten, so daß eine brauchbare Ausführung Direktor 3 und die Reflektorelemente 2 können auf der Direktor-Reflektor-Kombination realisiert werden einem aus Isoliermaterial bestehenden Zylinder 8, derThe lower radiator part of the coaxial dipole antenna is
composed of a multitude of small spirals,
which represent an impedance which is equal to the impedance 45 of the inner conductor 5 of the transmission line 6 composite upper dipole, but a lower mechanical den. The lower outer part of the center radiator 1 length. The coupling effect between the lower consists of a large number of spirals 7, which are connected to the ren spirals and the metal parts including the outer conductor 6 of the transmission line, the drive motor and the supporting structure are reduced in size. A multiplicity of director elements 3 and in each case what is expressed in a decrease in the voltages induced in the radiation 50 opposite one from spiral-shaped conductors elements. Mechanical expansion of the antenna structure is attached to the upright reflector arrangement 2 in such a way that it can be rotated about the central radiator 1. To keep the small, so that a usable design director 3 and the reflector elements 2 can be realized on the director-reflector combination a cylinder 8 made of insulating material, the

«»697/406"" 697/406

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Koaxialdipolantenne, wie sie als Mittelstrahler in einem Antennensystem gemäß Fig. 1 Anwendung findet.FIG. 2 shows a coaxial dipole antenna as it is used as a central radiator in an antenna system according to FIG. 1 Applies.

Wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt, besteht der Antennenaufbau aus einem Mittelstrahler 1, um den herum eine Vielzahl von Reflektorelementen 2 und Direktorelementen 3 drehbar angebracht ist. Der Mittelstrahler 1 besteht aus einem oberen leitenden Element 4, das mitAs shown in Fig. 1, the antenna structure consists of a central radiator 1, around which a plurality of reflector elements 2 and director elements 3 is rotatably attached. The center radiator 1 consists from an upper conductive element 4, which with

Claims

3 43 4

the radiation from the antenna is not affected, be 2 and 3 must be small enough to be sufficiently solidified. The reflector and director elements 2 and 3 reflect the vertically polarized waves are distributed over the circumference of the cylinder 8. witness. However, it should also be so large that additional capacities between the elements in order to avoid the antenna system being relatively broadband, the length of the directors 3 is chosen to be 5 den. Such additional capacitances could change the electrical length of the individual elements immediately above the received frequency or be in resonance with the frequency band. The reflectors 2 act like a fixed reflective zone and reflect horizontally polarized radiation made of conductive material in the form of a spiral. The abbot. Each spiral is in resonance immediately below the frequency band between the dipole and the reflector strips. io should be about 0.07 to 0.12 λ .

Since the reflector-director arrangement is rotated. In the arrangement according to the invention, the

which must be rotated around a rotating, directed radiation cylinder 8 by a motor 10, the equal-

To generate the diagram, a generator 21 is to be driven synchronously below the cylinder 8. This

a metal mass 9 attached, which from the engine 10, generator 21 supplies a reference voltage to the

a gear 11 and the 15 stator windings 23 of a phase meter 24 required for the rotation.

end support plate 12 is made. The vicinity of this metal antenna feed line 2 is via a receiver and

ground 9 to the lower outer half of the coaxial dipole amplifier 26 and a high impedance 27 with the

antenna 1 causes deterioration of the beam rotor winding 25 of the phase meter 24 connected,

development diagram for signals that are at an angle by rotating the rotor 25 of the phase meter 24

greater than 30 ° incident or be emitted. At 20 depending on the phase relationship between

To circumvent this difficulty, the lower the signal picked up by the dipole antenna 1 becomes

Half of the coaxial dipole antenna 1 by application and the reference voltage from the generator 21 can

shortened a plurality of spirals 7, which are determined as above azimuth of the received signal,

written, are arranged. By using the wind a recorded signal is sent to the rotor winding

Spiral reflectors 2, the mechanical 25 ment 25 is placed, so the phase meter works as a motor.

Length of the parasitic element is reduced and an increase in the inclination of the phase meter as a motor

reasonable mechanical structure possible to counteract the one work, it is necessary to use the

allows high rotation speed. Furthermore, to reduce the current in the rotor winding 25. this

the lower part of the coaxial dipole antenna 1 can be made out by inserting a high impedance in

a plurality of spirals 7 made in order to impe- 30 the transmission line 2 between the amplifier

equal to that of the upper dipole part, the 26 and the rotor winding 25 of the phase meter

but is of lesser mechanical expansion. are sufficient. This high impedance can take the form of a

In this way, the entire antenna array transformer 27 can have high resistance,

tion at a greater distance from the drive parts. Of course, other embodiments of the

bring. The coupling between the lower part 35 invention is possible. So z. B. the director

of the dipole and elements consisting of coiled conductors be designed as spirals or it can

the metallic mass 9 is reduced and thus a different antenna shape than the one shown as a central

the influence of the induced voltages on the spotlight can be used,
antenna element reduced in size.

To a relatively wide frequency range 4 ° claim:

To obtain, the coaxial dipole antenna has an antenna system according to patent 1 019 355, thereby

low figure of merit. The reflector elements 2 are intended to indicate that the lower, near-earth part of the

an electrical length of almost half a wave broadband dipole and the individual reflectors

length of the lower limit frequency. The intermediate of a variety of tuned to resonance

space between the reflector and director elements 45 spirals.

1 sheet of drawings