DE10393644T5 - Fuel injectors fitting - Google Patents

Abstract

A nozzle for supplying nitric oxide to an internal combustion engine, the nozzle comprising:
a fuel injection passage having a central axis and terminating at an injection outlet for passing fuel from a fuel injector therethrough; and
a first auxiliary gear terminating at a first outlet for passing nitrogen oxide therethrough.

Description

AREA OF INVENTION

The The present invention generally relates to performance improvers and a fuel system modification for internal combustion engines. In particular, the present invention relates to nitric oxide systems and alternative fuel systems for use with engines Multi-point fuel injection.

BACKGROUND THE INVENTION

in the Over time, engines with internal combustion have become more effective and more powerful Machines developed. As part of this development, the structures, The dynamics and control systems of modern engines are highly specialized either on the combustion of gasoline or diesel fuel. Although this development made the engines more effective and more frequent resulted in modest performance improvements, the resulting Engine designs as special purpose difficult to modify using conventional modification techniques and devices. There is a need for new modification devices and method used in modern engine designs can be. In particular, there is a need to provide new ones Options, To adapt engines so that they use additional Combustion reactants, such as nitrogen oxides, work and using alternative fuels, such as Propane, alcohol, hydrogen, compressed natural gas (CNG for engl. compressed natural gas), liquid natural gas (LNG for Engl. liquid natural gas) and the like, work. nitrous oxide injection systems are used as performance enhancers to power output of engines increase. Nitrogen oxide injection systems generally operate by introducing a Nitrogen oxide feed line into the combustion chamber of an engine with internal Combustion, such as usual Two-stroke, four-stroke, diesel and Wankel rotary engines, which are self-priming could be or a forced air intake exhibit. Contains nitric oxide about 36% by weight of oxygen, whereas air is only about 21% by weight Contains oxygen. The extra oxygen, which is provided by the nitric oxide, if with an additional Amount of fuel combined, increases the power output of the Motors in terms of a similar Engine that uses only air and fuel as the combustion reactants. Traditionally, such systems have been used in different applications used. Currently, nitric oxide systems are used in dragster racing cars, Lorries, Motorcycles, Snowmobiles, passenger water vehicles and passenger road vehicles used.

modern Nitrogen oxide systems can be used with carburetor and fuel injection engines. It There are two types of nitric oxide injection systems: "wet" systems and "dry" systems. Wet nitrogen oxide injection systems measure (lead) that Engine both nitric oxide and fuel too, whereas dry Nitrogen oxide injection systems only measure the engine with nitric oxide. drying systems become mainly used in fuel injection engines, and the fuel for a dry system is usually due to the standard fuel injector of the engine or provided by replacement injectors, the one provide different fuel flow rate than the standard injectors.

To Nitrogen injection systems have recently been installed, to provide nitric oxide at a central location corresponding to the Carburetor or the throttle body of the engine corresponds. Petrol and single-point fuel injection engines (SPFI for engl. single point fuel injection) usually have a single fuel supply line or a set of fuel supply lines which adjoin one another central location along the air intake passage of the engine. The Intake air in such engines normally flows through Filter and then through a carburetor (or a throttle body, in Trap of SPFI engines), where the fuel is introduced into the airflow, to produce a fuel / air mixture. The intake air collector and the intake manifolds on carburettor and SPFI engines are normally designed to carry air and fluid to the cylinders. Usually leads each Intake manifold the fuel and air mixture to a corresponding Cylinder of the engine. The suction pipes are shaped and attached to the Air collector connected that promoting a same and ensures homogeneous air-fuel mixture to each cylinder becomes. The air / fuel mixture is passed through the intake air collector (also known as intake manifold) in several different air streams divided, which supply the different engine cylinders. The intake air collector is designed to deliver the fuel and air mixture evenly to all Cylinder spread. In such systems, the nitric oxide can be quite like the fuel is supplied centrally because the intake air collector works together with the conventional one Fuel / air mixture evenly to the Cylinder spread. Use high horsepower engine applications Atomizer nozzles to a uniform fuel and nitrogen oxide distribution to ensure each of the cylinders. These atomizer nozzles carry the Nitrogen oxide and fuel flow during the Intake process of the engine in the intake air flow of the cylinder and mix it with it.

In In recent years, engine exhaust regulations have become stricter, and the engine manufacturers have with the generation of multipoint fuel injection systems for almost All modern vehicles respond. Multi-point fuel injection Use individual fuel injection nozzles that are close to each one Cylinders of the engine are located. Air is supplied to each cylinder by one fed high-performance intake manifold. Even though Multipoint fuel injection systems the combustion performance of Boosting engines and providing the potential for increased performance, they have the difficulty of installing a nitric oxide system enlarged the engine. The problem mostly touches from the "dry" intake air collectors used in multi-point fuel injection engines become. Dry intake air collectors are designed to work Air, however, from the air intake of the engine to the cylinders, but no liquids. Accordingly, if nitric oxide and fuel at a central Place to be fed along the air intake, as in carburettor engines and single-point fuel injection engines, the fuel not evenly distributed to the cylinders by the intake air collectors become. This condition causes some cylinders to be overly fuel-rich and others overly fuel-poor run, causing carburetor cuffs in the intake manifold and / or engine defects leads. It can Other problems also occur when a single nitrogen oxide source used in a modern multi-point fuel injection engine becomes.

Around the spread of multi-point fuel injection engines producers of nitric oxide systems introduced systems ready, which introduce the nitric oxide in the vicinity of the cylinder. Nitrogen injection The prior art uses a nitrogen oxide injection nozzle, the close by of the fuel injector of each cylinder. This solution points but several restrictions on. Two of several problematic factors are the intake air collector thickness and the intake air collector material. Current nitrogen oxide systems for engines with multipoint fuel injection by drilling and cutting of threads in a borehole in the intake air collector of the engine (which usually made of aluminum, but also of other materials, such as plastic, or combinations of materials could be), as well as screws of the nozzle attached to the air collector on the intake air collector. Even under the cheapest circumstances, this means, if the intake air collector is made of aluminum and thick enough to securing a bolted fastener is the installation process labor intensive and requires the removal of the intake air collector, to prevent contamination of the engine with contaminants that occur during the Installation caused to avoid. This solution can not be used if the intake air collector either too thin or made of a material which is not suitable for receiving bolted fasteners, such as plastic. If the air collector too thin or from a weaker one Material, such as plastic, is manufactured, then must at every spray nozzle point a pedestal welded to the air collector, ultrasound or glued to allow installation, and the intake air collector must still be removed to avoid contamination of the engine to prevent. The increased use of intake air collectors Plastic and combinations of plastic and aluminum made these extra steps frequently necessary. Furthermore plastic air collectors are more susceptible for one damage during one Carburetor snap when drilled and reinforced with a socket.

It can Other problems also occur when trying to do a conventional one Nitrogen oxide system in a modern multi-point fuel injection engine to use. For example, the nitrogen oxide nozzle needs to be pretty safely be placed in one place, due to the fact that probably already the standard fuel injector in such a location is not ideal for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber. Besides, it may be due to spatial Restrictions within of the engine compartment and due to the fact that the intake air collector to the place where the spray nozzle desired to arrange is obscured or otherwise obstructed by other engine components is difficult or impossible his, the spray nozzle to arrange in a position for combining the nitrogen oxide with the fuel and the air or for conducting the nitrogen oxide to Cylinder inlet is ideal. These spray nozzles also have the tendency to protrude into the intake manifold of the intake manifold, whereby they restrict the flow of air and thus reduce the volumetric efficiency of the engine. This is especially true for relatively small Engines, such as those in motorcycles, snowmobiles and passenger watercraft.

Next the previously described problems in modifying modern ones Engines, to use nitric oxide, throw modern engine designs similar Problems for those who wish to modify them so they are using alternative Fuels work. Use alternative fuel vehicles fuels other than those derived from petroleum products, such as: propane, alcohol, hydrogen, mixtures of Alcohol and other fuels, compressed natural gas, liquid natural gas and the same.

It would be desirable to provide a device that uses the engine with other fuels and supply reactants. For example, the supply of Air to reinforce the injection jet atomization of recirculated exhaust gases to the exhaust emission too reduce, or from propane or compressed natural gas, to the combustion performance and / or to improve the cold start of the engine, desirable be. It may also be desirable be the engine with alcohol, nitromethane and diesel fuels to supply.

SUMMARY THE INVENTION

The Objects of the present invention can be achieved by providing a Nozzle for Supply of an internal combustion engine with nitrogen oxide and Fuel can be achieved. The nozzle has a fuel injection passage having a central axis and terminating at an outlet, to supply fuel to the engine from a fuel injector. The Nozzle points also a first additional Gear or first additional Gears up, which end at a first outlet or first outlets to nitrogen oxide or to supply other combustion reactants. The nozzle may further include a second additional Gang or second additional Have aisles, which terminate at a second outlet or second outlets to the engine feed to other combustion reactants.

In an embodiment can the nozzle without significant modification of the engine between a motor and its Fuel injectors are positioned. In another embodiment may the nozzle be installed between a fuel injector and a motor, without the fuel injectors and the fuel rail excessively high to raise.

In an embodiment can the nozzle too an atomizer plate which may be flat or an angled truncated cone shape can be and close the first and second outlets is arranged.

In another embodiment can they first and second outlets be radial outlets. In various embodiments can they radial outlets be rectangular, and you can be oriented spirally with respect to the central axis.

The first and second outlets can on opposite Be sides of the fuel injection passage, or they can in an angle of less than 180 degrees with respect to each other around the central axis are positioned around.

In still another embodiment the nozzle have a number of first additional courses, which in an annular pattern are arranged around the circumference of the fuel injection passage. In addition, can a number of second additional ones courses in an annular pattern around the scope of the first additional Gears around to be provided.

In still other embodiments can the nozzle from a single piece Material made with machined or cast gears be, or it can be made up of cups and ring-shaped rings, which are put together to form the different gears. In another embodiment can be a combination of machined or compound Constructions are used to form the nozzle.

In various embodiments For example, the present invention may be used to refer to an engine to supply various fuels and other combustion reactants.

additional Objects, features and advantages of the preferred embodiments be from the drawings in conjunction with the detailed Description of the preferred embodiments.

SHORT DESCRIPTION THE DRAWINGS

1 Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the fuel injector of the invention shown as being installed between a fuel injector and an intake air collector;

2 is a cross-sectional view of the inner cup of the fuel injector of 1 ;

3A is a front view in cross section of the central cup of the fuel injector of 1 ;

3B is a side view in cross section of the middle cup of 3A ;

4A is a front view in cross section of the outer cup of the fuel injection nozzle of 1 ;

4B is a side view in cross section of the outer cup of 4A ;

5 Figure 3 is an isometric view of an extrusion product from which one or more of the cups can be made;

6 is an isometric view of the mitt and the outer cup according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, from the extrusion of 5 can be produced;

7 Fig. 12 is a view of the outlet ends of the cups according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the passage of nitrogen oxide and fuel therethrough;

8th Fig. 10 is a graph illustrating the horsepower and torque of a conventional engine as compared to a motor equipped with the invention according to a preferred embodiment;

9 Fig. 10 is an isometric view of a nitrogen oxide system installed on an intake air collector according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

10 Fig. 10 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the present invention utilizing a single socket for both pipe fittings;

11 is a side view of the embodiment of 10 ;

12 Fig. 10 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the present invention utilizing a single socket for both pipe fittings;

13 is a side view of the embodiment of 12 ;

14A Fig. 10 is an isometric view of a nozzle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention having a "one-piece"construction;

14B is a plan view of the nozzle of 14A , which are the reference planes of the sectional views for 14C and 14D represents;

14C is a side view in cross section of the nozzle of 14A , seen from the level AA, as in 14B shown;

14D is a side view in cross section of the nozzle of 14A , seen from the complex level BB, as in 14B and represents the reference plane of the sectional view for 14E group;

14E is a front view in cross section of the nozzle of 14A , seen from the complex plane CC, as in 14D represents;

15A is a front view of another nozzle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention with a "one-piece" construction, which is the reference plane of the sectional view of 15B represents;

15B is a bottom view in cross section of the nozzle of 15A , seen from the level AA of 15A ;

15C is a plan view of the nozzle of 15A which the reference plane of the sectional view for 15D represents;

15D is a side view in cross section of the nozzle of 15A , seen from the complex level BB of 15C , and represents the reference plane of the sectional view for 15E group;

15E is a front view in cross section of the nozzle of 15A , seen from the complex plane CC, as in 15D shown;

16A is a view of the outlet end of the nozzle of 14A ;

16B Fig. 12 is a view of the outlet end of a nozzle according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, in which no atomizer plate is present;

17 Fig. 12 is a side view in cross section of a nozzle according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

18 is a partial sectional view of the outlet end of the nozzle of 15A ;

19A Fig. 12 is a view of the outlet end of still another nozzle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

19B is a side view partially in section of the nozzle of 19A ;

19C is a bottom view partially in section of the nozzle of 19A ;

20 Fig. 12 is a side view in cross section of another nozzle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a pipe fitting installed therein;

21 Fig. 3 is an exploded side elevational view, partially in section, of another nozzle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing an inner cup formed along the complex reference plane CC of Figs 22 is cut open, an annular ring, along the complex reference plane DD of 22 is cut open, and a receiving cup, which is along the plane DD of 22 is cut open, represents;

22 is a bottom view in cross section of the inner cup of 21 represented by the reference plane AA;

23 is a bottom view in cross section of the annular ring of 21 represented by the reference plane BB;

24 Fig. 12 is a side elevational view in cross section of yet another nozzle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, shown in an installed condition between a fuel injector and an engine intake; and

25 is a bottom view of the nozzle of 24 , where it is not shown installed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Of the Term "motor" as used herein refers to any type of internal combustion engine, such as For example, two-stroke and four-stroke reciprocating engines and rotary engines (e.g., Wankel engines) with one or more cylinders or combustion chambers. Such engines can used to drive vehicles, such as motor vehicles, Industrial machinery, watercraft and aircraft, to power, and you can join different stationary Applications such as power generation, pumping and others industrial uses. Although the present Invention especially for providing increased performance in automotive applications, the embodiments may The invention can be used to benefit any other application to procure, if a temporary one or continuously increasing the power output for an engine desired with internal combustion becomes.

As As used herein, the terms "fuel injector" and "injector" refer to any type of fuel injector Fuel injector for feeding of fuel in an internal combustion engine. For example can be an injector of the type that is used as an injector with "fuel supply of above " and by the Robert Bosch Corporation (at Farmington Hills, Michigan), Siemens Automotive (Duluth, Georgia), Delphi Automotive Systems (Troy, Michigan), Magneti Marelli SpA (Milan, Italy) or Keihin (Tokyo, Japan) can be delivered. The fuel injector can also be an injector with "lateral Fuel supply "or any other Be kind of injectors. The fuel injector can also be a Poppet valve, a fuel supply line or any other sold Type of injector, which is a fuel supply from a central Distributor block (as for example in mechanical fuel injection manifolds to find). The fuel injector may be considered as a standard equipment of an engine or as a replacement part, such as the one from Holley Performance Products (Bowling Green, Kentucky) supplied fuel injectors, to be delivered. It goes without saying that the present Invention can be sized and shaped so that they connect works with any kind of fuel injector or she can provided with a fitting Be to the use of fuel injectors of any size and shape to enable.

Fuel injector are usually operated by a control system that has a controls mechanical, electrical or electromechanical device, to fuel according to the commands from a control circuit to dose. The fuel injectors can be operated in any useful manner, and the present Invention can be used with any type of injector, regardless the details of his tax system.

As As used herein, the term "combustion reactant" is to be understood to mean any substance which forms part of a chemical combustion reaction (burning) can be used, including air, oxygen carriers (such as for example, nitric oxide) and fuels (such as gasoline, Diesel fuel, natural gas, propane, nitromethane, alcohol, mixtures these fuels and so on). This term also includes substances which fed can be to delay the combustion or limit, such as water or nitrogen.

In general terms, the present invention includes a combustion reactant injector configured to be installed in modern multi-point fuel injection engines, preferably without substantial modification of the intake air manifold or engine. In other embodiments, the nozzle may be installed using conventional techniques such as screwing, soldering, bonding, welding, and the like. In general, it is preferable for the nozzle of the present invention to be installed where the fuel injectors of the engine are arranged in series, but the nozzle can be installed at other locations as well. One embodiment of the invention includes a nozzle having a central flow passage and a pair of coaxial annular flow passages (ie, passages peripherally surrounding the central flow passage). The nozzle may be installed between a conventional fuel injector and a conventional intake air collector, and in some embodiments with little or no modification of the engine. The fuel spray from the fuel injector flows through the central flow passage while the nitrogen oxide flows through at least one of the annular flow passages while a second stream of nitric oxide or additional fuel may be supplied through the other annular flow passage. In other embodiments, other fuels or combustion reactants may flow through the central flow passage and one or both of the annular flow passages.

Of the Stream of nitric oxide and additional fuel (or other reactants) can be dosed so that it is in communication with the fuel injector acts to be a temporary or a sustainable Increase the power output of the engine provide. These Dosage function can be achieved by using any number of control systems to be provided. For example, the dosing function be provided by the control system connected to the engine supplied as standard It can, thanks to the standard control system be provided after reprogramming or it can by an additional tax system be provided in conjunction with the standard system or a newly programmed off-the-shelf control system.

In Embodiments, in which only nitric oxide next to that through the fuel injector supplied Fuel supplied The system may be referred to as a "dry" system become. A drying system may have multiple stages, each one Stage corresponds to another input stream of nitric oxide. The steps can in a row, simultaneously or in any other way, the desired is going to be an extra Power delivery to be triggered. In embodiments, in which both nitrogen oxide and an additional fuel by separate provided coaxial flow passages can be called a "wet" system become. The flow of nitric oxide and additional fuel in wet systems can on a very similar How to control a dry system or each use other appropriate control system.

Now referring to 1 For example, the present invention generally includes a nozzle 100 with three nested fuel cups. An inner mug 200 fits in a middle mug 300 , and the middle cup 300 fits in an outer cup 400 , The inner cup 200 is shaped so that it has a fuel injector 102 takes up, and the outer cup 400 is shaped to be in a standard shot 104 for fuel injectors of an engine, such as those normally found in an intake manifold 106 are located. The fuel injector intake 104 is usually placed in the immediate vicinity of the intake valves of the engine. The present invention can be applied to an internal combustion engine using a multi-point fuel injection system.

The fuel injector 102 can through one or more sealing devices 108 such as rubber O-rings, flat gaskets or other substantially fuel-tight seals, to the inner cup 200 be sealed. Similarly, the outer cup 400 for fuel injector intake 104 by one or more sealing devices 108 be sealed. Such sealing devices are known in the art. The fuel injector 102 Guides fuel through an injector 110 too, located at the top of the fuel injector 102 located. It will be understood that although a fuel injector is illustrated in the figures, this is done only for clarity in describing the embodiments of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the use of a particular fuel injector, and embodiments of the invention may be adapted to function with each fuel injector.

Now referring to 2 points the inner cup 200 a cylindrical structure having a stepped diameter extending from a first inlet end 202 up to a first outlet end 204 extends. A first recording section 206 is adjacent to the first inlet end 202 , The first recording section 206 has a first inner mating surface 216 which may be shaped to a number of different types of fuel injectors 102 take. The first recording section 206 also has a first outer mating surface 218 which extends along at least a portion of the first receiving portion 206 extends. The first outer mating surface 218 can be sized to fit in and / or against the middle cup 300 or the outer cup 400 or both fits.

A first outlet section 208 preferably extends substantially coaxially along the cylindrical axis of the inner cup 200 from the first receiving section 206 until the first outlet end 204 , The average diameter of the first outlet section 208 is smaller than the average outer diameter of the first receiving portion 206 , The first outlet section 208 has a first inner surface 212 up in the We is substantially cylindrical or may be cone-shaped. The first inner surface 212 defines a cylindrical or frusto-conical central fuel injection passage 214 through which fuel from the fuel injector 102 to the intake air collector 106 flows through. The first outlet end 204 can be arranged so that it is at the original location of the fuel injector 110 or near it. In a preferred embodiment, the shape and size of the first inner surface 212 Designed to withstand any obstruction of fuel coming out of the fuel injector 110 flows, minimize to a minimum.

A fuel lock caused by fuel from the fuel injector 102 caused on the first inner surface 212 meets, may degrade the performance of the engine. Because the fuel is the fuel injector 110 leaves in a typical conical jet pattern, it may strike a portion of the first inner surface 212 whereby the ideal fuel flow is interrupted and a power or torque drop is caused. This deterioration can be particularly evident when the engine, although running with the prior invention installed, but without being supplied with the nitrogen oxide and the additional fuel that can be supplied by the present invention. Fuel injector 102 having a narrower beam pattern may be less or not affected by incorporation in the present invention.

The extent of fuel blocking caused by the first inner surface 212 can be caused by increasing the diameter of the central fuel injection passage and thereby that the central fuel injection passage 214 is tapered so that it to the first outlet end 204 is larger, be reduced. For example, the central fuel injection passage 214 have a diameter of between about 0.080 inches and about 0.150 inches, and may be about 0.104 inches and allow more than about 80% of the fuel to flow without hindrance. In the case of applications with a small engine displacement, the jet velocity becomes due to the large conical cross section of the flow passage 214 and a smaller cylindrical cross-section may be desired and constructed for the particular application. The first outlet end 204 may also be provided with an opening to hold the fuel charge by means of the surface tension of the liquid. The degree to which the diameter of the central fuel injection port and the cone angle can be increased may be due to the space limitations of the fuel injector intake 104 and the intake air collector 106 , the shapes and sizes of other parts of the invention, as well as the strength, pourability and machinability of the material from which the inner cup 200 is restricted. These limitations and other ways to reduce the extent of fuel blocking caused by the first inner surface 212 causing and improving the fuel flow through the central fuel injection passage 214 will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings set forth herein.

The first outlet section 208 and the first receiving section 206 also have a first outer surface 210 which may have a plurality of sections which may be substantially cylindrical, conical, rounded or any combination thereof. The first outer surface 210 extends from the first outer mating surface 218 to the end of the outlet 204 , In the embodiment of 2 has the first outer surface 218 two cylindrical sections (one each in the first receiving section 206 and in the first outlet section 208 ) and a disc-like portion connecting the cylindrical portions.

Now referring to 3A For example, a preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a center cup 300 on. The middle cup 300 fits coaxially around the inner cup 200 around. The middle cup 300 has a generally cylindrical structure with a stepped diameter extending from a second inlet end 302 up to a second outlet end 304 extends. A second recording section 306 is adjacent to the second inlet end 302 , The second receiving section 306 has a second inner mating surface 316 which may be configured to bear against the first outer mating surface 218 of the inner cup 200 fits. The second receiving section 306 also has a second outer mating surface 318 which extends along at least a portion of the second receiving portion 306 extends. The second outer mating surface 318 can be sized to fit in and / or against the outer cup 400 fits.

A second outlet section 308 preferably extends substantially coaxially along the cylindrical axis of the central cup 300 from the second receiving section 306 to the second outlet end 304 , The average diameter of the second outlet section 308 is preferably smaller than the average outer diameter of the second receiving portion 306 ,

The second receiving section 306 and the second outlet section 308 have a second inner surface 312 on which extends from the second inner mating surface 316 to the second outlet end 304 extends. In the in 3A illustrated embodiment has the second inner surface 312 two in the Substantially cylindrical sections (one in the second receiving section 306 and another in the second outlet section 308 ), which are connected by a disc-like portion. The second inner surface 312 is designed so that it is generally the contour of the first outer surface 210 follows without touching it, leaving an inner annular gait 314 (please refer 1 ) between the inner cup 200 and the middle cup 300 is formed.

The inner ring-shaped gear 314 may be any width (as by the radial distance between the first outer surface 210 and the second inner surface 312 at the second outlet end 304 sufficient) to provide the desired flow rate and other flow characteristics of the fuel or nitrogen oxide flowing therethrough. For example, the inner annular gear 314 have a width of between about 0.008 and about 0.030 inches. In one embodiment, the width may be about 0.013 to about 0.014 inches. Other sizes may also be desirable.

The second receiving section 306 and the second outlet section 308 have a second outer surface 310 on which extends from the second outer mating surface 318 to the second outlet end 304 extends. In the in 3A illustrated embodiment, the second outer surface 310 substantially parallel to the second inner surface 312 and therefore has two substantially cylindrical portions (one in the second receiving portion 306 and another in the second outlet section 308 ), which are connected by a disc-like portion.

Now referring to 3B can the middle cup 300 a middle outer sleeve section 320 which extends between the second outer mating surface 318 and the second inlet end 302 extends. The middle outer sleeve section 320 has an inlet 322 in the inner annular passage through which fuel or nitric oxide enters the inner annular passage 314 can flow through. The inlet 322 in the inner annular passage may be sized to provide the desired amount of fuel or nitrogen oxide stream. The design of the inlet 322 in the inner annular passage can be accomplished by the inlet 322 is made to have a certain diameter which corresponds to the desired flow rate (s) for the fuel or nitrogen oxide operating pressure range or the desired engine output. The inlet 322 The inner annular passage may also be made to receive permanent or interchangeable orifice nozzles (not shown) which enter the inlet 322 can be inserted into the inner annular passage to reduce the diameter thereof to obtain the desired flow rates. The size of the inlet 322 in the inner annular passage depends on the details of the system to be constructed, and one skilled in the art will be able to provide suitable fixed or jetted inlets 322 to provide inner annular passages for a particular application without undue experimentation.

The middle cup 300 can also have a center cup connection socket 324 for connecting a fuel or nitrogen oxide feed line to the inlet 322 have in the inner ring-shaped gear. The center cup connection socket 324 can be designed to fit any suitable hose (see item 326 in 9 ) or any suitable pipe connector (see item 328 in 9 ). For example, the center cup connector socket 324 threaded or formed to receive flanged end fittings or pipe fittings made of brass, steel, aluminum or other materials. Exemplary pipe fittings are flare # 3 AN pipe fittings and 1/8 "NPT pipe fittings available from Eral's Peformance Plumbing, a company located in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The selection and use of pipe fittings and hoses to carry nitric oxide and fuel are well known in the art, and one skilled in the art is capable of using a suitable piping system without undue experimentation.

Now referring to 20 For example, the tube fittings and nozzles are preferably constructed such that there are no sudden volume changes that allow fluids flowing from the tube fittings to the nozzles 100 flow through, spread quickly and change phase. In the embodiment of 20 is a pipe connector 2000 as shown in a nozzle 2002 built in the present invention. The end of the pipe connector 2000 feeds nitric oxide (or an additional fuel) into a gear 2004 one. As in 20 best to see, between the end of the pipe connector 2000 and the gang 2004 A gap 2006 be present, in which the volume of the enclosure surrounding the nitrogen oxide is greater than the volume within the pipe connector 2002 and the gait 2004 , As the nitric oxide or other fluid flows into this expanded volume, the nitric oxide may spread and change phase (ie, change from the liquid state to the gaseous state). To counteract this phenomenon, are the pipe connector 2000 and the nozzle 2002 shaped so that the volume change is minimized and the volume change made as gradual as possible, for example by the outlet edge of the pipe connector having a tapered cross-section 2008 is provided. 20 also illustrates a typical installation of a replaceable orifice fitting 2010 with an opening 2012 in the pipe connector 2000 ,

To get back up 3B Returning, in a preferred embodiment, is the inlet 322 in the inner annular passage with respect to the inner annular passage 314 oriented so that the ideal flow of the nitrogen oxide or the additional fuel flowing through it is obtained. For example, in one embodiment, the inlet 322 angled in the inner annular gear to nitrogen oxide or additional fuel in the inner annular gear 314 at a shallow angle to the second outlet end 304 to throw. In addition, in this embodiment, the inlet 322 oriented in the inner annular gear so that the nitrogen oxide or the additional fuel tangentially into the inner annular gear 314 to be thrown. It has been found that this orientation produces an advantageous swirl flow in the fluid and a homogeneous mixture to the second outlet end 304 supplies. However, the flat downward angle may be limited by the need to restrict the inlet 322 to drill into the inner annular passage, without the structure of the nozzle 100 and in particular the center cup connection socket 324 to damage. Accordingly, the maximum value for this angle can be limited by production-related issues, as the expert knows.

Now referring to 4A For example, a preferred embodiment of the present invention also includes an outer cup 400 on. The outer cup 400 preferably coaxially fits all or part of the middle cup 300 , The outer cup 400 also has a generally cylindrical structure with a stepped diameter extending from a third inlet end 402 up to a third outlet end 404 extends. A third receiving section 406 is adjacent to the third inlet end 402 , The third recording section 406 has a third inner mating surface 416 which may be configured to abut against the second outer mating surface 318 of the middle mug 300 fits. The outer surface of the third receiving portion 406 includes an outer outer sleeve portion 420 ,

A third outlet section 408 Coaxially extends along the cylindrical axis of the outer cup 400 from the third recording section 406 until the third outlet end 404 , The average diameter of the third outlet section 408 is preferably smaller than the average outer diameter of the third receiving portion 406 ,

The third recording section 406 and the third outlet section 408 have a third inner surface 412 on which extends from the third inner mating surface 416 until the third outlet end 404 extends. In the in 4A illustrated embodiment has the third inner surface 412 two substantially cylindrical portions (one in the third receiving portion 406 and another in the third outlet section 408 ), which are connected by a disc-like portion. The third inner surface 412 is designed so that it is generally the contour of the second outer surface 310 follows without touching it, leaving an outer annular gait 414 (please refer 2 ) between the middle cup 300 and the outer cup 400 is formed.

The outer ring-shaped gear 414 may be any width (as by the radial distance between the second outer surface 310 and the third inner surface 412 at the third outlet end 404 sufficient) to provide the desired flow rate and other flow characteristics of the fuel or nitrogen oxide passing therethrough. For example, the outer annular gear 414 have a width of between about 0.010 and about 0.045 inches. In one embodiment, the width may be about 0.020 to about 0.021 inches. Other sizes may also be desirable.

The third outlet section 408 has a third outer surface 410 which extends from the outer outer sleeve section 420 until the third outlet end 404 extends. The third outer surface 410 is designed to fit into the fuel injector intake 104 of the intake air collector 106 an engine fits. The shape of the third outer surface 410 is preferably designed so that the nozzle between the fuel injector 104 and the intake air collector 106 can be inserted while the fuel injector 104 held as close as possible to its original position. In a preferred embodiment, the third outer surface 410 be designed to fit in many different types of air intake manifolds 106 fits. In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the third outer surface 410 be designed so that they fit into a fuel injector 104 an engine fits without the intake manifold 106 machine or reinforce or otherwise make any other significant modification to the engine. Although the invention is generally referred to herein as in an intake air collector 106 is described to those skilled in the art that the present invention in any fuel injector receptacle 104 can be installed, regardless of whether they are in the intake manifold 106 or any other part of the engine.

As in 4B can be seen, the outer outer sleeve section 420 an inlet 422 in the outer annular passage, through which fuel or nitrogen oxide in the outer annular passage 414 can flow through. The inlet 422 The outer annular passage may be sized to provide the desired amount of fuel or nitrogen oxide flow. The design of the inlet 422 in the outer annular passage can be done in the same way as the sizing of the inlet 322 be accomplished in the inner annular gear; that is, by providing it with a fixed size or a permanent or replaceable hole nozzle fitting. Those skilled in the art are capable of providing suitable fixed or jetted inlets 422 to provide outer annular passages for a particular application without undue experimentation.

The outer cup 400 also has an outer cup connection socket 424 for connecting a fuel or nitrogen oxide feed line to the inlet 422 have in the outer annular passage. The outer cup connection socket 424 can be designed to fit any suitable hose (see item 426 in 9 ) or any suitable pipe connector (see item 428 in 9 ). The outer cup connection socket 424 may be substantially the same as the center cup connector socket 324 prepared as described elsewhere herein.

In a preferred embodiment, the inlet 422 in the outer annular passage with respect to the outer annular passage 414 oriented so that the ideal flow of the nitrogen oxide or the additional fuel flowing through it is obtained. For example, in one embodiment, the inlet 422 angled in the outer annular gear to nitrogen oxide or additional fuel in the outer annular gear 314 at a shallow angle to the third outlet end 304 to throw. In addition, in this embodiment, the inlet 422 oriented in the outer annular passage so that the nitric oxide or the additional fuel tangentially into the outer annular passage 414 to be thrown. It has been found that this orientation produces a favorable swirl flow in the fluid and a homogeneous mixture at the third outlet end 404 supplies. However, the flat downward angle may be limited by the need to restrict the inlet 422 to drill into the outer annular passage, without the structure of the nozzle 100 and in particular the outer cup connection socket 324 to damage. Accordingly, the maximum value for this angle can be limited by production-related issues, as the expert knows.

The inner, the middle and the outer cup 200 . 300 . 400 can be made of any suitable material. Suitable materials include those which can withstand the temperatures and vibrations of internal combustion engines and engine compartments without substantial degradation. Exemplary materials for the present embodiment and any other embodiment of the present invention include brass, aluminum, steel, magnesium, and plastic. The materials are preferably machined or cast into the desired shapes in a simple and economical manner. Metals, for example, can be machined using a 4-axis turning center (ie computer numerical control machining, and plastics can be injection molded.) Other manufacturing methods include metal injection molding (MIM), Powder injection molding (PIM) and thixotropic injection molding Of course, other suitable materials and methods of manufacture may also be used to produce embodiments of the present invention.

Metal embodiments may also be made more economically by starting the machining process with extrusions having cross-sections that are specially shaped to form the cups. Extrusion products, such as the one in 5 can be formed so that the end portion requires substantially less machining and scrap material than if it were made of metal provided with a conventional cross-section, such as a round or rectangular bar stock. Such forms can, so to speak, provide a final molding benefit. The extrusion product 500 , this in 5 is an extrusion product which is provided with an "earlobe" and which can be used around the middle cup 300 and the outer cup 400 machine out in an economical way. The earlobe extrusion product comprises a circular section 502 which may have a diameter and a shape suitable for use as the middle and outer shell sections 320 . 420 The cups are suitable without having to be machined. The extrusion product 500 further includes an earlobe portion 504 , which may be suitable for the center cup connection socket 324 and the outer cup connector socket 424 with little or no machine To form processing. In some cases, the extrusion product may also be a hole 506 which may require little additional machining to the second inner surface 312 and the third inner surface 412 however, an earlobe extrusion product need not have a hole in it. Other extrusion forms may also be used to provide manufacturing benefits.

6 FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention made in part from an extrusion product similar to that used in FIG 5 is shown. In the embodiment of 6 are the middle cup 300 and the outer cup 400 made of identical extruded products (the inner cup is in 6 not shown).

As in 1 The best way to know is to use the inner, middle and outer cups 200 . 300 . 400 nested around the nozzle 100 to build. The inner cup 200 becomes inside the middle mug 300 through the contact between the first outer mating surface 218 and the second inner mating surface 316 held in position. The middle cup 300 becomes inside the outer mug 400 by the contact between the second outer mating surface 318 and the third inner mating surface 416 held in position. The inner cup 200 , the middle mug 300 and the outer cup 400 can be press fit to have an interference or friction fit that does not separate during normal use, or they can be secured together by bonding with high strength or high temperature epoxy resins or adhesives, by welding, or any other suitable method. For example, in an embodiment in which the cups are made of plastic, the cups may be press-fitted, ultrasonically welded, or bonded together by means of adhesives. Metal embodiments may be soldered, laser welded, TIG or tungsten / inert gas micro arc welded (TIG) and the like. Other assembly methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art with reference to the teachings set forth herein.

Although the connection between the first outer mating surface 218 and the second inner mating surface 316 , as well as the second outer mating surface 318 and the third inner mating surface 416 may be sufficient to hold the three cups firmly in position, it may also be desirable to supplement the support provided by these surfaces.

Now referring to 7 an embodiment of the invention is shown in which the middle cup 300 and the outer cup 400 have been provided with additional structures to hold them at their respective outlet ends in relation to each other in position. 7 Fig. 12 is a view of the outlet ends of an embodiment of the present invention, shown assembled. The first outlet end 204 of the inner cup 200 is shown as being something from the second outlet end 304 of the middle mug 300 protrudes, which in turn is something from the third outlet end 404 of the outer cup 400 protrudes. The first outlet end 204 has a peripheral edge 230 which is substantially flat in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the inner cup. The edge 230 can be sharp so it promotes shearing of the fuel leaving the inner cup. The second outlet end 304 is with a number of center cup fingers 330 provided, which differ from the second inner surface 312 radially to the first outer surface 210 extend and the middle cup 300 in relation to the inner cup 200 hold in position. The third outlet end 404 is with a number of external cup fingers 430 provided, which differ from the second inner surface 312 radially to the first outer surface 210 extend and the outer cup 400 in relation to the middle cup 300 hold in position. The nitric oxide and fuel flow from the inner and outer annular gears 314 . 414 between the fingers 330 . 430 through and finally into the airflow that moves to the intake valves of the engine. The path of fuel and nitric oxide is in 7 indicated by arrows.

Better engine performance can usually be achieved by increasing the degree to which the fuel and nitric oxide are atomized and mixed (homogenized). The nozzle 100 preferably provides a shallow penetrating, diffused and highly atomized jet of mixed nitric oxide and fuel. This jet pattern helps to prevent the nitrogen oxide and fuel combination from bouncing back into the intake air collector when the intake valve is closed. The coaxial flow pattern of the nitrogen oxide and the additional fuel (if any) of the present invention may also be adjusted to provide better atomization of the fuel passing through the fuel injector 102 is dosed to promote. In operation, the fuel flowing through the fuel injector flows 102 is metered through the central fuel injection passage 214 by. At about the same time, nitric oxide passes through the inner and outer annular gears 314 . 414 flows through, from the second and third outlet end 304 . 404 the nozzle 100 throttled. The pressurized nitric oxide, which was originally in a liquid state, becomes gaseous as it exits the nozzle 10 abge is throttled. When the fuel is out of the fuel injector 102 through the first outlet end 204 As the nozzle flows, it becomes through the spreading nitrogen oxide cloud, which from the inner and the outer annular passage 314 . 414 sheared off, thereby improving fuel atomization. In embodiments in which additional fuel passes through the nozzle 100 is provided (wet systems), the additional fuel is preferably through the inner annular passage 314 dosed, so that the additional fuel, when it leaves the inner annular gear is also sheared off by the spreading nitrogen oxide cloud.

The inner and the outer annular gear 314 . 414 , as well as the first, the second and the third outlet end 204 . 304 . 404 For example, they can be designed to provide the best possible flow and atomization by, for example, being shaped to avoid premature phase changes in the fluids and to produce a highly diffuse, low-inert, gaseous nitrous oxide jet cloud. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG 7 is shown, the inner and the outer annular gear 314 . 414 have smooth walls to avoid unwanted phase changes, and the inner surfaces of the second and third outlet ends 304 . 404 be with gears 332 . 432 provided, which promote the mixing of fuel, air and nitrogen oxide. It has been proven that the gears 332 . 432 with square-cut pages, such as those in 7 provide better fuel atomization and homogenization, especially in relatively low engine engines. The gears create a flow condition, sometimes referred to as "tumble flow," which occurs when the nitrogen oxide and fuel mixture after exiting the nozzle 100 decays. This decay effect occurs when fluids are drawn into a low pressure region within a high pressure conical flow and is often referred to as the Coanda effect.

In other embodiments, which are designed for relatively high-speed engines, the gears can 332 . 432 be manipulated to produce what is sometimes referred to as a "swirl flow". A swirling flow creates an annular hollow jet of cloud carrying the highly atomized and homogenized nitrogen oxide and fuel mixture along the inlet to the valves. The swirl flow can be achieved by offsetting and bending the teeth 332 . 432 be encouraged.

The gears 332 . 432 the second and third outlets may be any size suitable for providing the desired tumble, swirl or other flow conditions. For example, in an embodiment configured to generate a tumble flow, the gears may be 332 of the second outlet has a width between about 0.020 and about 0.100 inches and a depth (distance from the second outlet end 304 ) of between about 0.010 and 0.040 inches. In addition, in this embodiment, the teeth 432 of the third outlet has a width of between about 0.050 and about 0.150 inches and a depth (distance from the third outlet end 404 ) of between about 0.010 and about 0.060 inches.

Additional measures may be taken to promote swirl or tumble flow conditions, such as profiling the first and second outer surfaces 210 . 310 and the second and third inner surfaces 312 . 412 to the inner and outer annular gear 314 . 414 to profile. For example, the annular passages may be provided with counter-rotating spiral grooves to promote an opposite swirling flow. The finger 330 . 430 can also work with the gears 332 . 432 cooperate to promote a swirling and tumbling flow. There may be other shapes in each of the first, second or third outlet ends 204 . 304 . 404 to promote the mixing of nitric oxide, fuel and air, and other variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art with reference to the teachings set forth herein and are within the scope of this invention. For example, one embodiment of the invention may be without gears 332 . 432 or fingers 330 . 430 be constructed. The foregoing explanation of how the present invention functions is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the present invention to any particular operating concept.

Both tumble flow and swirl flow applications may experience "fuel constrictions" if the nitrogen oxide cloud is allowed to overly focus on the central fuel injection passage 214 (or any ring-shaped gear 314 in wet systems conveying additional fuel). Tighting occurs when a relatively high pressure nitrogen oxide cloud obstructs the flow of relatively low pressure fuel. It has been found that trimming by staggering the outlet ends 204 . 304 . 404 can be reduced or switched off. As in 7 can be seen, is the first outlet end 204 preferably further from the nozzle 100 before the second outlet end 304 , and the second outlet end 304 is preferably further than the third outlet end 404 , The correct graduation measure may vary depending on the application. For example, a staffe pitch between successive outlet ends of about 0.010 to about 0.100 inches will provide a useful reduction in size. It has been found that a stagger spacing between successive outlet ends of about 0.050 inches is useful in some applications.

This staggering relationship prevents the nitric oxide cloud from overmatching the fuel supply lines, thereby reducing constrictions. It also turned out that indexing the gears 332 . 432 (ie staggered arrangement of the gears 332 . 432 around the circumference of the nozzle 100 reduced) and it can turn it off altogether. For example, the embodiment of FIG 7 indexed gears 332 . 432 , which are around the circumference of the nozzle 100 staggered are arranged. The finger 330 . 430 can by blocking a portion of the current on each finger 330 . 430 also help to lessen the constriction.

The graduation relationship between the first, second, and third outlet ends 204 . 304 . 404 may also be necessary or desirable to the nozzle 100 to fit into different types of fuel injector recordings. Such a nozzle 100 can be found in engines produced by different manufacturers and in engines designed for use with various types of fuel injectors 102 are intended to be fitted.

The additional atomization and flow characteristics, which are provided by the present invention are across from usual Nitrous oxide systems advantageous and can at a reduced Probability of damage of the engine and a reduced need for modifying of the engine increased Provide power delivery and efficiency. conventional Nitrogen oxide systems in multi-point fuel injection engines do not normally significantly increase the atomization of the fuel, the one through the standard fuel injector dosed, ready, as conventional nitrogen oxide nozzles in the intake air collector can not be arranged so that they are directed to the top of the fuel injector. In addition, conventional Nitrogen oxide systems, which are used in MPFI engines, not be adjusted to the same degree and simplicity of control as the present invention tumble flow and swirl flow to provide and prevent fuel seepage.

The performance improvements provided by the present invention depend on the aforementioned factors, such as providing better flow and lessening, as well as the amount of fuel and nitrogen oxide that is supplied to the engine. In embodiments of the present invention, in which both the inner and the outer annular passage 314 . 414 can be used to convey nitric oxide (drying systems), the increase in power output can be limited by the ability of the fuel pump to supply fuel to the engine. In wet systems (in which one of the annular gears meters additional fuel into the engine), the increase in power output can only be limited by the structural integrity of the engine. The amount of additional fuel (if any) and nitrogen oxide supplied to the engine depends on the sizes of the inlets 322 . 422 in the inner and outer annular gears, the inner and outer annular gears 314 . 414 , the finger 330 . 430 , the gears 332 . 432 and other factors which will be apparent to those skilled in the art with reference to the teachings set forth herein. The amount and ratios of fuel and nitrogen oxide provided by the present invention also depend on the fuel and nitrogen oxide pressures and the metering capabilities of the nitric oxide system.

In an exemplary embodiment, a nozzle has been formed 100 of the present invention to function with a 1999 Mustang GT (1999 Mustang) available from Ford Motor Company of Dearborn, Michigan. The engine of the '99 Mustang was a 4.6-liter version with a single overhead camshaft. A preferred embodiment of the present invention was between each fuel injector 102 and the intake air collector of the '99 Mustang. The fuel injectors 102 were standard Denso F1ZE-C2A fuel injectors delivered with the 99er Mustang. The embodiments were operated as a wet system with additional fuel passing through the inner annular passage 314 was provided and nitric oxide through the outer annular passage 414 was provided.

The system, when installed in all eight fuel injector positions, each comprised a substantially identical brass nozzle 100 , Every nozzle 100 had a central fuel injection passage with a minimum diameter of about 0.104 inches, which is at a 2 degree cone-shaped angle to the first outlet end 204 opened, which is about 0.690 inches from the fuel injector tip 110 was. The inner ring-shaped gear 314 each nozzle had a width of about 0.013 to about 0.014 inches. The toothed second outlet end 304 was about 0.050 inches from the first outlet end 204 staggered back. Each of the six equal moderately spaced teeth 332 was about 0.060 inches wide and extended about 0.024 inches from the second outlet end 304 , The outer ring-shaped gear 414 each nozzle had a width of about 0.020 to about 0.021 inches. The toothed third outlet end 404 was about 0.050 inches from the second outlet end 304 staggered back. Each of the six evenly spaced gears 432 was about 0.094 inches wide and extended about 0.030 inches from the third outlet end 404 ,

The fuel flow rate of the standard fuel injector 102 was about 19 pounds per hour (pounds per hour pph). Additional fuel was delivered at 43 pounds per square inch (psi) through the inner annular passage 314 and fed at a rate of about 10 pph through a 0.012 inch hole die. Nitric Oxide was delivered through the outer annular passage at 950 psi 414 and fed at a rate of 98 pph through a 0.018 inch hole die.

The '99 Mustang was put into service on a vehicle test bench, which measured the power and torque output on the rear drive wheels of the motor vehicle. Frictional losses due to the powertrain of the '99 Mustang have been estimated to be approximately 20% to 25%. Several experiments have been performed and the results of a typical dynamometer test are in 8th shown. The dynamometer tests indicated that the previously described exemplary embodiment of the present invention provided an increase in horsepower of about 95 horsepower and a torque increase of about 100 ft-lbf, both of which were present throughout the engine's operating speed range. These increases meant a performance increase of about 38% to about 45%. After subtracting the driveline friction losses, the exemplary embodiment provided a power boost of about 100 horsepower and a torque increase of about 125 ft-lbf.

Finally, the dimensions of the various parts of the present invention may be limited by various considerations including: the strength and machinability or pourability of the material, the size of the fuel injector 102 , the size of the fuel injector intake 104 in the intake air collector 106 (or other structure in which the nozzle is to be inserted) and the amount of space available in the engine or engine compartment. It has been found that the shape of the embodiment of 1 (two cylindrical sections, one having a larger diameter than the other and being connected by a vertical disc-like section) a reduction in the overall size of the nozzle 100 allows and the fuel injector 110 in the immediate vicinity of the position at which it would be if the present invention had not been installed. In other embodiments, where there may be enough room to incorporate the present invention, the nozzle may have other configurations as will be apparent to those skilled in the art with reference to the present invention.

Now referring to 9 For example, one embodiment of the present invention has also been designed to be within the confines of an engine compartment without modification of the intake air collector 106 or the engine room environment to work. 9 makes eight identical nozzles 100 of the present invention installed on an LS1 (Corvette) engine available from General Motors Corporation of Detroit, Michigan. The nozzles 100 are between the factory original fuel injectors 102 and the intake air collector 900 built-in. Fuel rails 902 are due to the fuel injectors 102 connected to the fuel injectors 102 To supply fuel. Every nozzle 100 is through pipes, tubes or hoses with a two-channel distribution block 904 connected. Each channel of the distribution block 904 provides a separate passage for fuel or nitric oxide, and each channel is designed to be fluid and airtight. A set of hoses 326 connects the first channel of the distribution block 904 with each of the center cup connection sockets 324 (and therefore with the inlets 322 in the inner annular passages). A hole nozzle may be within the center cup connector socket 324 or within the center cup tube connectors 328 be positioned. A second set of hoses 426 connects the second channel of the manifold block 904 with each of the outer cup connection sockets 424 (and therefore with the inlets 422 in the outer annular passages). Hole nozzles can be located inside the outer cup connector socket 424 or within the outer cup tube connectors 428 be arranged. The configuration of 9 can be designed to work with wet nitrogen systems and with dry nitrogen systems. In a wet system, the first channel of the manifold block becomes 904 through the first channel inlet 906 supplied with additional fuel, and the second channel is through the second channel inlet 908 supplied with nitric oxide. In a dry system, both channels are supplied with nitric oxide.

The unit in 9 is shown, shows how the installation of the nozzles 100 the present invention, the fuel injector 102 and the fuel injection manifolds 902 can lift away from their original position and thereby the "stack height" of the injection manifolds 902 raising. at In many MPFI engines, the engine or engine compartment (ie engine accessory and bonnet) are designed to be particularly near the fuel rail 902 which are usually relatively high on the engine, as compact as possible. Regulatory safety regulations, industry standards and safety concerns may require that the fuel rail lines 902 be arranged at a certain distance from the hood of the motor vehicle or other objects. Where space limitations and regulations exist, nozzles may be preferred 100 to provide that add as little stack height as possible.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nozzles 100 be designed to provide the advantages of the present invention while maintaining the stack height of the fuel rail 902 and the injector 102 only lift about 0.25 inches to about 1.25 inches. In the application of the LS1 engine, which in 9 is the nitrogen oxide unit using one embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG 6 shown, configured. In the LS1 application, the stack height of the fuel rail lines 902 and the injector 102 increased by about 0.625 inches, keeping them within regulatory and industry standards.

The present invention may preferably be incorporated without major modifications being made to the engine. A nozzle constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention may be installed by removing the fuel injectors from the fuel injectors of the engine, installing the nozzles in the fuel injectors and installing the fuel injectors in the nozzles. Once installed, the nitrogen oxide system can be connected to the nozzles in a conventional manner. No machining is needed to install the nozzles so that neither the intake manifold nor other parts of the engine need to be removed to prevent contamination of the engine. In some cases, such as in the previously described applications of the '99 Mustang or the 2000 Mustang, the fuel rail lines 902 or other components, mounting brackets which may need to be modified to accommodate the additional stack height required by the insertion of the nozzles. For example, in the applications of the '99 Mustang and the 2000 Mustang, the fuel rail lines became 902 raised by about 0.60 inches to the nozzles 100 install. This modification can normally be done by using a simple spacer block between the mounting brackets and their standard mounting position. Such spacer blocks may be provided in a kit in which an embodiment of the present invention is sold.

In constructing an embodiment of the present invention for a particular application, the factors discussed herein and other factors (eg, desired performance improvement, fluid flow rates, physical limitations of the materials, physical limitations of the installation environment, and so on) should be considered to be a suitable nozzle 100 to create. A person skilled in the art is capable of the correct dimensions for a nozzle 100 to calculate or otherwise determine the present invention for a particular application based on the teachings herein.

Although the embodiments illustrated herein have been described with reference to a construction having three cups with separate sockets and inlets into the annular passages on two of the three cups, in other embodiments a single cup may have both inlets into the ring-shaped passages therein. In such an embodiment, a single cup having a base may be provided with both inlets, and pipe fittings may be connected to this cup. Examples of such embodiments are in 10 . 11 . 12 and 13 shown.

10 and 11 Figure 4 is an isometric and side view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention in which both the inlet 322 in the inner annular passage as well as the inlet 422 in the outer annular passage through a single pedestal 1002 that with the outer mug 400 is provided. In this embodiment, the inner cup forms 200 a part of the outer surface of the nozzle 100 ,

12 and 13 Figure 4 is an isometric and side view, respectively, of another alternative embodiment of the present invention, in which both the inlet 322 in the inner annular passage as well as the inlet 422 in the outer annular passage through a single pedestal 1002 that with the outer mug 400 is provided. In this embodiment, the outer cup forms 400 the whole outer surface of the nozzle. In this embodiment, the base is 1002 so angled that the pipe connector 1204 for the inlet in the inner annular passage and the pipe connector 1206 can be positioned for the inlet in the outer annular passage at an angle with respect to the axis of the nozzle, whereby a simpler and more compact installation in some applications provided. In addition, in this embodiment, a portion of the third outer surface 410 cone-shaped, so that the nozzle 100 safer, more compact, or both, and into a fuel injector intake 104 can be fitted.

A further use for The present invention is the provision of alternative ones Fuels to feed the engine or the power of conventional To supplement fuels. An embodiment The invention may be construed as meaning that alternative fuels, such as propane, alcohol, alcohol mixed with others Fuels, compressed and liquid natural gas and the like, be flowed through one, two or all three courses. alternative Fuels can be used Become a cheaper, more effective, cleaner or otherwise desirable Energy source for To provide engines with internal combustion. Other alternative Fuels, such as alcohol and alcohol mixtures, may be available for provision of more powerful Engines also useful be.

In In recent years, some automobile manufacturers have produced engines specially designed for use with alternative fuel vehicles but there is still a need for it, conventional Adapt gasoline engines to use alternative fuel vehicles. In some cases may be desirable be a conventional one So retool the engine that he is constantly with alternative fuels (special engines) running, in which case the standard fuel injectors possibly at all completely discarded. In other cases it may be desirable the vehicle sometimes with conventional fuels and other times with alternative fuels to drive (hybrid engine). Hybrid engines are particularly useful when the alternative Fuel source only available locally is and longer Rides of the vehicle are required. The present invention represents an expedient and effective way ready to both special and hybrid Supply alternative fuel engines with alternative fuel.

In an embodiment adapted for use with a particular alternative fuel engine, the conventional fuel injector may be replaced with an alternative fuel supply line to fuel through the central fuel injection passage 214 and additional alternative fuels may pass through one or both of the annular passages 314 . 424 be supplied. Nitric oxide can also be supplied with the alternative fuels.

In one embodiment of the invention designed for use with a hybrid alternative fuel engine, the various gears may be configured to provide the engine with different fuels. For example, the conventional fuel system may be maintained and may be a conventional fuel injector 102 be used to gasoline through the central fuel injection gear 214 while supplying propane or compressed natural gas through one or both of the annular passages. Another alternative fuel or reactant, such as nitric oxide, may be supplied to third gear. In such an embodiment, gasoline may sometimes be used to power the engine, and other times, the alternative fuel (s) may be used to power the engine. In some cases, an alternative fuel may be used concurrently with a conventional fuel or other alternative fuels or combustion reactants.

Now with general reference to 14A to 14E , such as 15A to 15E For example, other preferred embodiments of the present invention may be generally referred to as a nozzle having a fuel injection passage 1414 and a first and a second additional gear 1401 . 1402 near the fuel injection gear 1414 are arranged have. In these embodiments, the first and second additional gears are preferably non-coaxial about the fuel injection passage 1414 arranged. The first additional gear ends at a first outlet 1411 and the second additional gear ends at a second outlet 1412 both of which are designed to be in the vicinity of the fuel injection outlet 1404 feed.

These embodiments do not use ring-shaped or coaxial gears, around the nitric oxide and the extra To supply fuel, so that they are different than embodiments with such courses can be produced. For example, an embodiment, which additional gears instead of annular courses used, machined out of a single piece of material or as a single piece Be poured, almost or no additional assembly with others Parts prior to installation in a motor requires. For this reason become these embodiments herein as "one piece" embodiments designated.

In one-piece embodiments, the first and second auxiliary gears may be arranged to extend from a single connector socket 1424 which may be designed to suit any suitable type of pipe fittings in a similar manner as in the embodiments of Figs 10 and 12 receives. For example, the connection socket 1424 drilled and threaded or cast to a first and a second pipe connector receptacle 1421 . 1422 to form, which receive the Schraubrohrverbindungsstücke. Examples of suitable pipe fittings have been set forth elsewhere herein. The connection socket 1424 can be shaped or angled to allow proper access to the pipe fittings when the nozzle is installed. It may also be desirable to adapt to certain engine designs or to allow the first and second additional gears 1401 . 1402 be oriented in a certain way, two separate connection sockets 1424 , For example, on opposite sides of the nozzle, are present.

As in other embodiments, the receiving end 1406 a one-piece embodiment be made so that there are different types of fuel injectors 102 takes up, and the outlet end 1408 Can be designed to fit in the fuel injector 104 one or more engine types. In operation, the fuel jet flows from the fuel injector 102 through the fuel injection passage 1414 through while the nitric oxide passes through the first additional gear 1401 flows. A second stream of nitric oxide or a stream of additional fuel may pass through the second auxiliary gear 1402 be supplied. Of course, the currents through the first and second additional gear 1401 . 1402 be reversed. In other embodiments, other fuels or combustion reactants may flow through the fuel injection passage and one or both of the additional gears, as described elsewhere herein.

As with other embodiments described herein, a one-piece embodiment may have little or no modification of the engine and without such high lift of the injectors 102 and the fuel rail 902 in that the installation requires a substantial modification of the engine or engine compartment, preferably between a conventional fuel injector 102 and the fuel injector intake 104 to be installed in a motor. For example, one embodiment of the present invention may be the fuel injectors 102 and the fuel rail lines 902 do not lift more than about 0.500 inches.

The fuel injection gear 1414 a one-piece embodiment may have such a conical shape that it at the fuel injection outlet 1404 is larger. The fuel injection passage may have a diameter that varies from about 0.035 inches to about 0.200 inches, and preferably from about 0.075 inches to about 0.116 inches. The first and the second additional gear 1401 . 1402 can at their respective outlets 1411 . 1412 Diameter from about 0.025 inches to about 0.075 inches, and preferably about 0.050 inches. The first additional gear 1401 may have a different size than the second additional gear 1402 , It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, depending on the particular application and the desired flow rate through each gear, fuel injection gear sizes other than those previously described may be different 1414 , as well as the first and second additional gear 1401 . 1402 can be chosen. The position and design of the fuel injection passage 1414 , as well as the first and the second outlet 1411 . 1412 may also be selected to promote atomization of the fuel and homogenization of the fuel / nitrogen mixture, and may be selected to produce tumble flow, swirl flow, or other types of flow.

Now referring to 16A is the output end of the one-piece embodiment of 14A to 14E shown. In this embodiment, the outlets open 1411 . 1412 approximately parallel (ie preferably within about 10 degrees parallel) to the central axis 1450 of the fuel injection passage 1414 whereby the nitrogen oxide and the additional fuel (if supplied) are generally directed in the same direction as a fuel flow from the fuel injector 102 coming out of the injection outlet 1404 exit. In a preferred embodiment, an atomizer plate 1405 near the first and second outlets 1411 . 1412 positioned to at least partially affect the flow of nitrogen oxide and additional fuel. The atomizer plates 1405 can also with non-parallel outlets 1411 . 1412 be used. The streams of nitrogen oxide and fuel may have a relatively uniform flow pattern when communicating the first and second outlets 1411 . 1412 leave. When the streams of nitric oxide and additional fuel on the atomizer plate 1405 are deflected and scattered, thereby promoting the atomization of the additional fuel and the homogenization of the nitric oxide / fuel mixture. The atomizer plate 1405 may also promote the tumble flow when the streams of additional fuel and nitric oxide to the injection outlet 1404 to return. Another advantage of the atomizer plate 1405 That is, it can also help prevent clogging by preventing the high pressure flow or high pressure streams of nitric oxide from being directly on the injection outlet 1404 Bounce. However, it goes without saying that it is not necessary to have a sprayer plate 1405 in all embodiments of the present invention to provide, and 16B shows an embodiment of the present invention, which the atomizer plate 1405 omits.

The atomizer plate 1405 can be made with different shapes to promote better performance. In the embodiment which is in 14A to 14E is shown, the atomizer plate 1405 disc-shaped and extends orthogonal to the central axis 1450 , In other embodiments, shown in FIG 17 , the atomizer plate can 1405 in relation to the central axis 1450 be angled at an angle of Θ _D so that it has a truncated cone shape. In such an embodiment, the atomizer plate 1405 possibly less obstruction to the flows of nitric oxide and additional fuel. In one embodiment, the atomizer plate 1405 in relation to the central axis 1405 angled about 5 degrees to about 90 degrees. In particular special the atomizer plate 1405 in relation to the central axis 1450 about 10 degrees to about 30 degrees angled.

The atomizer plate 1405 may also have a curved shape, a corrugated shape or other shapes, and may be made with holes or radial or angled slots. Such constructions may be selected to promote atomization and homogenization or to promote swirl flow, tumble flow, or other flow patterns in the nitric oxide / fuel mixture. The atomizer plate 1405 can be made as a separate part that is pressed, welded, soldered or otherwise attached to the end of the nozzle. Alternatively, the atomizer plate 1405 Part of a single casting from which the rest of the nozzle is made.

Now referring to 15A to 15E Figure 1 shows a one-part embodiment of the present invention wherein the first and second outlets 1411 . 1412 radial outlets are. Radial outlets, as understood herein, are outlets that exit the nozzle in a direction that is not approximately parallel to the central axis 1450 of the fuel injection passage 1414 is. Radial outlets can be shaped to provide better atomization and homogenization of the fuel and nitric oxide and can be shaped to promote different types of flow.

In the embodiment of 15A to 15E are the first and the second outlet 1411 . 1412 radial outlets and each comprise a rectangular slot extending radially (ie in a plane orthogonal to the central axis 1450 ) opens to the side of the nozzle. In one embodiment, the first and second outlets 1411 . 1412 a width Wo (measured in a plane orthogonal to the central axis 1450 ) from about 0.050 inches to about 0.150 inches, and preferably about 0.100 inches. In various embodiments, the first and second outlets 1411 . 1412 a height h ₀ (measured in a plane parallel to the central axis 1450 ) from about 0.010 inches to about 0.040 inches, and preferably about 0.020 inches. Of course, the first and second outlets may have other shapes and sizes, and may be shaped and sized differently from each other.

The embodiment of 15A to 15E can be made by casting the nozzle as a single piece or by machining the nozzle. In some cases, it may be necessary to close holes or openings created during the manufacturing process. For example, it may be desirable to include portions of the first and second auxiliary gears 1401 . 1402 in a position where it would be difficult or impossible to produce without removing excess material that will be reused later. In such a case, plugs can 1501 be inserted into the unwanted openings. The plugs may be threaded fasteners, expansion dowels, epoxy resins, friction material rods and so on. The plugs 1501 can be glued, glued, glued with epoxy, screwed, pressed, hammered, or otherwise fixed in position. Such materials and fabrication techniques are well known in the art, and one skilled in the art will be able to use them in light of the teachings set forth herein without undue experimentation in the present invention.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the first and second outlets 1411 . 1412 be radial outlets, which are designed so that they promote swirl flow in the nitrogen oxide / fuel mixture. An example of such an embodiment is in 19A . 19B and 19C illustrated. In the embodiment of 19A include the first and the second outlet 1411 . 1412 round (or any other suitable shape) aisles which are in relation to the central axis 1450 and angled with respect to the outer surface of the nozzle to provide a spiral flow of nitrogen oxide and additional fuel.

With reference to 19B can be the first and the second outlet 1411 . 1412 in such an embodiment with respect to the central axis 1450 be angled at a first spiral angle Θ _H1 from about 5 degrees to about 90 degrees, and preferably from about 45 degrees to about 60 degrees. Under with reference to 19C can be the first and the second outlet 1411 . 1412 in a plane orthogonal to the central axis 1450 and angled at each outlet (ie, a tangent) at an angle Θ _{H2 of} from about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees, and preferably from about 40 degrees to about 60 degrees, with respect to the outer surface.

In order to 15B To return, the gears in each embodiment of the present invention may be provided with first and second auxiliary gears 1401 . 1402 in any suitable position with respect to each other about the central axis 1450 be arranged around. For example, in the embodiment of FIG 15C the first and second gears are at an angle of Θ _1.2 with respect to each other about the central axis 1450 arranged. The first and the second gear 1401 . 1402 can on opposite sides of the fuel injection passage 1414 be such that the angle Θ _{1.2 can be} 180 degrees, as in the embodiment of 19C illustrated. In other embodiments, the angle Θ may be about 10 degrees to about 180 degrees or about 45 degrees to about 135 degrees _1.2. In a preferred embodiment, Θ can be _1.2 about 90 degrees.

Now referring to 21 Yet another embodiment of a nozzle according to the present invention is shown and described. 21 is an exploded side view partially in section of a nozzle 2100 which has an inner cup 2102 , a first annular ring 2104 and a reception cup 2106 includes. The nozzle 2100 is preferably by attaching the first annular ring 2104 over the inner cup 2102 and then inserting the protruding end of the inner cup 2102 in the reception cup 2106 assembled. The nozzle 2100 is preferably machined from aluminum or any other light machinable, corrosion resistant material, but may be made from any other suitable material. It should also be understood that although the embodiment of the invention is described herein as including a number of separate parts, the nozzle 2100 can be made from a smaller number of parts or from a single part, especially when the nozzle 2100 is produced by a casting process.

The reception mug 2106 can be a standard shot 104 for fuel injectors ( 1 ), or it may be a fitting that attaches to an engine inlet at any location suitable for supplying the engine with combustion reactants. This attachment may be by any suitable means, such as welding or screwing. In an embodiment in which the receiving cup 2106 a pipe connector instead of a standard receptacle 104 for fuel injector, it may be in place of the standard fuel injector intake 104 or it can be fixed elsewhere. If the pickup cup is attached elsewhere than at the original location of the fuel injector, then the stock fuel injector pickup can 104 be used to provide the engine with additional fuel, or be closed.

The three parts of the nozzle 2100 may be secured together by welds or bonds, as described elsewhere herein, or held in position by any other suitable means. One or more of the different parts containing the nozzle 2100 may be removable to facilitate cleaning or modification. For example, the inner cup 2100 with the receiving cup 2106 by mating outer and inner threads (not shown) resting on the outer surface 2108 of the inner cup 2102 or the inner surface 2110 of the receiving cup 2106 be engaged. These threads may be desirable when the receiving cup 2106 Welded or screwed into an engine intake to remove parts of the nozzle 2100 to facilitate the engine. Alternatively, the inner cup can 2102 through O-rings or flat sealing devices into the receiving cup 2106 be fitted. This concrete fastening means may be preferred in an embodiment in which the receiving cup 2106 an existing fuel injector intake 104 in an engine, in which case the outer surface 2108 the appropriate fuel injector profile for insertion into the receiving cup 2106 can have. In each case described herein, the first annular ring 2104 either on the inner cup 2102 or on the reception cup 2106 or it can be removable from both cups.

One or more seals, such as an O-ring 2112 , can into the nozzle 2100 may be installed at various locations to seal against the emission of combustion reactants or the ingress of air or other fluids during use, as known to those skilled in the art. The need for such seals may depend on the way the various parts of the nozzle are operated 2100 be assembled.

The inner cup 2102 includes a central fuel injection passage 2114 which is one of a plurality of first additional courses 2116 is surrounded. The fuel injection gear 2114 extends from a fuel injector intake 2118 at the inlet end 2120 of the cup to the end of the outlet 2122 the cup and is designed for the passage of fuel thereby. The shape of the fuel injection passage 2114 can be designed so that the fuel flow is facilitated or optimized by the fuel injection passage 2114 for example, tapering or crimping at various locations, as those skilled in the art know. The fuel injector intake 2118 may be shaped to receive any conventional fuel injector, as described elsewhere herein, or may be shaped to receive fuel or combustion reactants from any other type of fuel supply system, as those skilled in the art will appreciate.

In a preferred embodiment, the fuel injection passage extends 2114 generally along a central axis 2198 , and the first additional gears 2116 are in an annular pattern around the central axis 2198 arranged and radially outside of the fuel injection passage 2114 positioned. 22 is a bottom view in cross section of the inner cup 2102 from 21 which is the preferred arrangement for the first additional gears 211 represents.

The first additional gears 2116 are designed so that a first combustion reactant from a first additional input location 2124 to the outlet end 2122 of the inner cup 2102 flows through. The first additional entry point 2124 is located at one end of the first additional gears and is preferably close to the outer surface 2108 the nozzle 2100 arranged. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG 21 is shown, the first additional gears 2116 essentially parallel to the outer surface 2108 be, and the first additional input point can be an annular groove 2126 be in the outer surface 2108 is cut to access the first additional aisles 2116 to have. In other embodiments, the first additional gears may be 2116 to the outer surface 2108 be angled so that the annular groove 2126 may not be so deep or may not be necessary.

The first combustion reactant passes through the first annular ring 2104 to the first entry point 2124 promoted. A bottom view in cross section of the first annular ring 2104 from 1 is in 23 shown. This first ring-shaped ring 2104 has a first additional input port 2128 which is designed so that it conveys the first combustion reactant into the interior of the ring. The first additional input port 2128 preferably has a structure as herein with reference to the center and outer cup terminals 324 . 424 described. The first ring-shaped ring 2104 may further include a first inner annular groove 2130 for conveying the first combustion reactant around the circumference of the outer surface 2108 of the inner cup 2102 around to all of the first additional gears 2116 is provided. An inner annular groove 2130 may not be necessary in all embodiments, the one annular groove 2126 in the inner cup 2102 deploy.

The Number and size of the first additional Gears can so chosen be that the relative amounts of fuel and a first Combustion reactants supplied to the engine are optimized. The heightening the number of courses and / or enlarging the Diameter of each passage generally provide a larger relative Combustion reactant amount ready and vice versa, as for those skilled in the art is apparent.

In a preferred embodiment, the fuel injection port has a diameter D _{FI of} from about 0.250 inches to about 0.750 inches, preferably from about 0.375 inches to about 0.625 inches, and more preferably from about 0.450 inches to about 0.550 inches. In this preferred embodiment, the combustion reactant is nitric oxide, and there may be between about 2 and about 16 additional courses, and preferably between about 5 and about 12 first additional courses, and in particular, the nozzle 2100 7, 8 or 9 first additional gears on. In this preferred embodiment, the first additional gears 2116 each have a diameter D _{1A of} from about 0.020 inches to about 0.100 inches, preferably from about 0.040 inches to about 0.080 inches, and more preferably about 0.060 inches.

Now referring to 24 and 25 can the nozzle of 21 in another embodiment of the invention, be designed to include a set of second additional gears 2416 which are designed to supply the engine with a second combustion reactant. The second additional gears 2416 preferably have a construction substantially similar to the first additional gears 2116 is, and works in a substantially similar manner. The embodiment of 24 is shown as an exemplary fuel injector 102 built into it and the receiving cup 2106 through a weld 2401 with an intake air collector 106 connected is.

In an embodiment with first and second auxiliary gears 2116 . 2416 become the second additional gears 2416 preferably in an annular pattern about the central axis 2198 of the fuel injection passage 2114 around and radially outside the first additional gears 2116 positioned. A second annular ring 2402 with a second additional input port 2428 can be provided to the second combustion reactant in a substantially similar manner as that with reference to the first annular ring 2104 described to supply the second additional courses. Alternatively, a single split annular ring (not shown) with two separate additional input ports may be used to move the first and second combustion reactants to the first and second additional ports 2124 . 2424 to deliver.

As with the first additional courses 2116 For example, the number and size of the second auxiliary gears may be selected to optimize the amount of second combustion reactant supplied to the engine. In a preferred embodiment, the second combustion reactant is nitric oxide or fuel, and there may be between about 2 and about 16 second additional courses, and preferably between about 5 and about 12 second additional courses, and in particular, the nozzle 7, 8, or 9 additional second ones Gears up. In this preferred embodiment, the second additional gears 2416 each have a diameter D _{2A of} from about 0.020 inches to about 0.100 inches, preferably from about 0.040 inches to about 0.080 inches, and more preferably about 0.060 inches.

The Embodiments described herein can used to be an internal combustion engine with a or to supply more combustion reactants by a nozzle with a Fuel injection passage, which ends at an injection outlet, a or more first additional corridors, which at first outlets ends, and one or more second additional aisles terminating at second outlets, provided. The nozzle can be connected to the engine so that fuel from one Fuel injector supplied through the fuel injection passage Nitric Oxide is delivered through the first additional gear and additional Fuel or nitric oxide is supplied through the second additional gear. It goes without saying by itself that nozzle in other embodiments only one extra Gang, an annular Gear or a set of additional courses can have.

Other Embodiments, Uses and advantages of the invention will be appreciated by those skilled in the art the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein seen. For example, one embodiment may consist of less or more are made as three separate cups, or an embodiment can be built with more or less than two annular aisles, or one embodiment can with a blind ("locked") annular gear be made and so on. The present invention can by arranging an embodiment the invention between the one-point fuel injector and its inclusion used in the engine also in single-point fuel injection systems become. The specification should be considered as an example only and the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.

The Passages marked "Gang" can also as channels, Lines or passages be respected or designated.

"Injectors" can also be referred to as injectors.

Summary

It becomes a fuel injector fitting for supplying an engine disclosed with internal combustion with nitric oxide. The nozzle points a fuel injection passage having a central axis and ends at an injection outlet for passing fuel from a fuel injector to a motor. The nozzle points also one or more first additional gears, which in an annular pattern can be arranged around the fuel injection passage around and which at first outlets end up. The nozzle can also one or more second additional ones Have aisles, which also in an annular Pattern can be arranged around the fuel injection passage around and which at second outlets end up. The first additional ones Aisles and the second additional ones Gears are designed to give the engine nitric oxide or other additional To supply combustion reactants. The nozzle can be attached to a motor inlet and designed so that They do without significant modification of the engine between a fuel injector and an engine fits.

Claims (64)

jet for feeding of nitric oxide to an internal combustion engine, wherein the Nozzle includes: one Fuel injection passage, which has a central axis and on an injection outlet ends, for passing fuel out a fuel injector through it; and a first additional Auxiliary gear, which ends at a first outlet, for passing of nitric oxide through this. A nozzle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzle is adapted to operate between a fuel injector and a Mo without substantial modification of the engine to be positioned. jet according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is designed to be close to the standard fuel injection unit the engine to be positioned. jet according to claim 1, wherein the fuel injection passage is conical, such that it has a larger inner diameter as the injection outlet. jet according to claim 1, wherein the fuel injection passage has an inner diameter of between about 0.035 and about 0.200 inches. jet according to claim 1, wherein the fuel injection passage has an inner diameter of between about 0.075 and about 0.166 inches. jet according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is designed to work without lifting the fuel injector by more than about 1.25 inches relative to a fuel injector intake fits between a fuel injector and an engine. jet according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is designed to work without lifting the fuel injector by more than about 0.75 inches relative to a fuel injector intake fits between a fuel injector and an engine. jet according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is designed to work without lifting the fuel injector by more than about 0.50 inches relative to a fuel injector intake fits between a fuel injector and an engine. jet according to claim 1, further comprising a second auxiliary gear, the ends at a second outlet, for passing nitrogen oxide or additional Fuel through this includes. jet according to claim 10, wherein the first additional or auxiliary gear a Diameter from about 0.025 inches to about 0.075 inches. jet according to claim 10, wherein the first additional or auxiliary gear a Diameter of about 0.050 inches. jet according to claim 10, wherein the second additional or auxiliary gear a Diameter from about 0.025 inches to about 0.075 inches. jet according to claim 10, wherein the second additional or auxiliary gear a Diameter of about 0.050 inches. jet according to claim 10, further comprising an atomizer plate which is close the first outlet and the second outlet is arranged. jet according to claim 15, wherein the atomizer plate with respect to the central axis is angled. jet according to claim 16, wherein the atomizer plate with respect to central axis is angled at about 5 degrees to about 90 degrees. jet according to claim 16, wherein the atomizer plate with respect to central axis is angled at about 10 degrees to about 30 degrees. jet according to claim 10, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet radial outlets include or are. jet according to claim 19, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet are rectangular passages. jet according to claim 20, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet a width (in a plane orthogonal to the central axis of the fuel injection passage) from about 0.050 inches to about 0.150 inches and a height (in one Plane parallel to the central axis of the fuel injection passage) from about 0.010 inches to about 0.040 inches. jet according to claim 20, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet a width (in a plane orthogonal to the central axis of the fuel injection passage) of about 0.100 inches and a height (in a plane parallel to the central axis of the fuel injection passage) of about 0.20 inches. jet according to claim 19, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet with respect to the central axis each in a spiral manner are angled. jet according to claim 23, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet in the direction of the central axis in each case by about 5 degrees to about 90 degrees angled and in a plane orthogonal to the central Axis with respect to the outer surface of the Nozzle on respective outlet are angled at about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees. jet according to claim 23, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet in the direction of the central axis in each case by about 45 degrees to about 60 degrees are angled and in a plane orthogonal to the central Axis with respect to the outer surface of the Nozzle on respective outlet angled about 40 degrees to about 60 degrees are. jet according to claim 10, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet on opposite Side of the fuel injection outlet are arranged. jet according to claim 10, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet with respect to the central axis of the fuel injection passage approximately 10 degrees to about 15 degrees away. jet according to claim 10, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet with respect to the central axis of the fuel injection passage approximately 45 degrees to about 135 degrees away. jet according to claim 10, wherein the first outlet and the second outlet with respect to the central axis of the fuel injection passage approximately 90 degrees away. jet for feeding combustion reactants to an internal combustion engine with, with the nozzle includes: a fuel injection passage, which is a central axis and ends at an injection outlet, for passing through Fuel from a fuel injector through it; and a Plurality of first additional ones or auxiliary gears, which terminate at a plurality of first outlets for passage a supply of nitrogen oxide therethrough, wherein the first additional auxiliary gears in one annular Pattern around the central axis and radially outward from Injection outlet are arranged. jet according to claim 30, wherein the fuel injection passage has a diameter from about 0.250 inches to about 0.750 inches. jet according to claim 30, wherein the fuel injection passage has a diameter from about 0.375 inches to about 0.625 inches. jet according to claim 30, wherein the fuel injection passage has a diameter from about 0.450 inches to about 0.550 inches. jet according to claim 30, wherein the plurality of first additional courses each has a diameter of about 0.020 inches to about 0.100 inches exhibit. jet according to claim 30, wherein the plurality of first additional or auxiliary gears each has a diameter of about 0.040 inches to about 0.080 inches exhibit. jet according to claim 30, wherein the plurality of first additional or auxiliary gears each have a diameter of about 0.060 inches. jet according to claim 30, wherein the plurality of first additional or auxiliary gears 2 to 16 first additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 30, wherein the plurality of first additional or auxiliary gears 5 to 12 first additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 30, wherein the plurality of first additional or auxiliary gears 7 to 9 first additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 30, further comprising a plurality of second ones additional or auxiliary gears, which terminate at a plurality of second outlets for passage a combustion reactant therethrough, the second additional or auxiliary gears in an annular pattern around the central axis and radially outward from the first additional ones or auxiliary gears arranged are. jet according to claim 40, wherein the plurality of second additional or auxiliary gears each has a diameter of about 0.020 inches to about 0.100 inches exhibit. jet according to claim 40, wherein the plurality of second additional or auxiliary gears each has a diameter of about 0.040 inches to about 0.080 inches exhibit. jet according to claim 40, wherein the plurality of second additional or auxiliary gears each have a diameter of about 0.060 inches. jet according to claim 40, wherein the plurality of second additional or auxiliary gears 2 to 16 second additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 40, wherein the plurality of second additional or auxiliary gears 5 to 12 second additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 40, wherein the plurality of second additional or auxiliary gears 7 to 9 second additional or auxiliary gears includes. A nozzle for supplying combustion reactants to an internal combustion engine, the nozzle comprising: an inner cup having an injector inlet end and an outlet end opposite the injection inlet end, the inner cup comprising: a fuel injector receptacle in the injector inlet end; a fuel injection passage, the fuel injection passage having a central axis and terminating at the outlet end; a first additional or auxiliary input location; a plurality of first auxiliary or auxiliary gears disposed in an annular pattern about the central axis and radially outward of the fuel injection passage and extending from the first additional or auxiliary input location to the outlet end; a first annular ring disposed about the inner cup near the first additional or auxiliary input location, the first annular ring having a first additional or auxiliary input port; and a receiving cup disposed around the inner cup near the outlet end; wherein the fuel injection passage is configured to direct fuel from a fuel injector to the outlet end, the first additional or auxiliary input port is adapted to guide a first combustion reactant to the plurality of first auxiliary or auxiliary gears, and the plurality of first auxiliary or auxiliary gears are designed so that they can lead the first combustion reactant to the outlet end. jet according to claim 47, wherein the receiving cup an existing fuel injector intake in an engine. jet according to claim 47, wherein the receiving cup to an engine inlet welded is. jet according to claim 47, wherein the receiving cup in an engine inlet screwed. jet according to claim 47, wherein the inner cup is in the receiving cup screwed. jet according to claim 47, wherein the inner cup by one or more O-ring seals is held in the receiving cup. jet according to claim 47, wherein the plurality of first additional or auxiliary gears 2 to 16 first additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 47, wherein the plurality of first additional or auxiliary gears 5 to 12 first additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 47, wherein the plurality of first additional or auxiliary gears 7 to 9 first additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 47, wherein the first additional or auxiliary input location an annular groove having. jet according to claim 47, wherein the first annular ring further comprises an inner ring annular Groove has. jet according to claim 47, wherein the first combustion reactant is gasoline, Diesel fuel, natural gas, propane, nitromethane, alcohol or a Alcohol mixture is. jet according to claim 47, wherein the inner cup further comprises: a second additional or auxiliary entry point; a plurality of second additional ones or auxiliary gears that in an annular Pattern around the central axis and radially outward from the Plurality of first additional ones or auxiliary gears are arranged and from the second additional or auxiliary input to Extending end extend; and a second annular ring, the one around the inner cup near the second additional or auxiliary input is arranged, wherein the second annular ring a second additional or auxiliary input port having; wherein the second additional or auxiliary input port is so is designed to have a second combustion reactant to the plurality from second additional or auxiliary gears to lead can, and the plurality of second auxiliary or auxiliary gears designed so is that they can lead the second combustion reactant to the outlet end. jet according to claim 59, wherein the plurality of second additional or auxiliary gears 2 to 16 second additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 59, wherein the plurality of second additional or auxiliary gears 5 to 12 second additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 59, wherein the plurality of second additional or auxiliary gears 7 to 9 second additional or auxiliary gears includes. jet according to claim 59, wherein the second combustion reactant is gasoline, Diesel fuel, natural gas, propane, nitromethane, alcohol or a Alcohol mixture is. jet according to claim 59, wherein the second annular ring further comprises an inner annular Groove has.