DE1034533B - Structure composed of fiberglass fabric and fibers - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to composite structures, which are mainly made of fiberglass fabrics are composed with open mesh and asbestos fibers.

It is known that materials which are made up of glass fibers have a high tensile strength, but tend to separate in the event of vibration or friction, and the thermal resistance of such a material is also limited by the melting point of the glass. It is also known that asbestos fibers, although relatively low tensile strength, have high heat and flame resistance and can withstand temperatures which are much higher than the melting temperature of glass. There have been proposals to a composite structure to manufacture, in which ¹ S glass fabric are used with open mesh, to obtain a high tensile strength, and are used in which the asbestos fibers, in order to protect the glass cloth and to give it a high thermal resistance.

One known proposal is to use a composite structure from a middle layer of glass fabric and thin asbestos paper on both sides of the glass fabric. The purpose is to to cause the asbestos paper layers or fleeces through the mesh of the glass fabric with each other come into contact by moistening the asbestos paper layers or by placing them on opposite sides A binder is applied to the surfaces and then the whole thing is passed between pressure rollers will. This method of making a composite structure leaves unassembled interior Empty spaces in the structure because it is practically impossible to cause the asbestos fibers to break through the mesh of the To be filled in completely with the glass fabric. As a result of the internal voids, the structure has a tendency to peel off and to form bubbles when saturated with a binder and thereafter subjected to forced drying conditions.

Another known suggestion is to place one on opposite sides of the glass fabric Apply colloidal asbestos dispersion and press the asbestos into the mesh of the fabric. By this method makes it possible to avoid the undesired empty spaces in the former method, however, it is impossible to make a completely inorganic product. The reason for this is that the latter method requires the use of an organic dispersant and that one significant amount of such agent is retained in the product.

The main purpose of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the known methods as explained above and a composite of glass fiber fabric and fiber materials
composite structure

Applicant:

Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc.,
Manheim, Pa. (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dr. E. Wiegand, Munich 9,

and Dipl.-Ing. W. Niemann, Hamburg 1, Ballindamm 26,

Patent attorneys

Claimed priority:
V. St. v. America August 12, 1955

Eugene Paul Stefl, Lancaster, Pa.,

and Thomas Donald Coleman, Manheim, Pa. (V. St. A.) have been named as inventors

To create structures with better properties, mainly from glass fabric with open meshes and Asbestos fiber is composed.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a to provide an improved layered structure comprised of a plurality of composite fabrics of the disclosed type is composed.

It has been found that a partially or wholly inorganic composite structure in the can be produced substantially free of voids by using dry, carded, spinnable asbestos fibers, which have a predominantly random position, on at least one side of a glass fabric with open ' Meshes are applied and the fabric and the applied fibers are pressed together so that the fibers inevitably enter the meshes of the fabric and fill them in and interlock the To effect asbestos fibers with each other and with the yarns of the glass fabric.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one dry carded asbestos sheet is used dry carded asbestos nonwoven engaged with one side of an open mesh glass fabric, and the interlocking glass fabric and asbestos mat are then compressed by the fact that they be passed through pressure rollers so that the asbestos fibers enter the mesh of the fabric and They fill in and interlock the asbestos fibers with each other and with the yarns of the fabric cause. Usually it is desirable to have asbestos fibers applied to both sides of the glass fabric, and therefore

809 577/356

are two dried carded asbestos nonwovens with FIG. 3 is, on an enlarged scale, an edge-opposite side of the glass fabric in engagement view of the structure;

brought, and the interlocking fabric and Figure 4 is a section on an enlarged scale

Nonwovens are then passed through the pressure rollers - line 4-4 of Fig. 2; out to a filling of the woven fabric loops through the 5 Fig. 5 is a representation on an enlarged scale, Fibers to effect and the opposite asbestos which is the way of the manufacture of the nonwovens reproduces interlocking structure set through the glass fabric.

to let, as well as the asbestos fibers with the As stated above, are used to carry out the

Interlock yarns of the fabric. If necessary, dried, carded, spinnable asbestos fibers can be found the getroclaiete composite structure with water io on both sides of a glass fabric with open meshes or moistened with a stiffening liquid and applied through. Fig. 1 shows the manner in which Pressure rollers are passed through to the structure this preferred method can be carried out, continue to compress, after which it is dried. The dry carded asbestos fibers are removed from the, can be. HauptkardenzyHnder 10 by take-off rollers 11 and

Furthermore, according to the invention, a laminated 15 12 can be removed and fed to the customers 13 and 14, or layered structure by impregnation to form a fleece on each doffer. The asbestos of a plurality of composite fabrics with one Nonwovens are made by the customers by vibrating, appropriate resin and then combs 15 and 16 on dispensers or conveyors; the structures impregnated with resin are released as layers or 17 and 18; the fleeces are 19 and 20 tons Layers combined with one another and then designated the entire 20. The conveyors 17 and 18 lead Forms heat and pressure are subjected to the the fleeces on a common conveyor organ 21 to a to form desired layered product. To provide fleece 22 of considerable thickness.

An essential difference between the invention and In a similar way, an asbestos fleece 23 is made of

the two above-mentioned known methods is made of considerable thickness, and this fleece is in that only long fibers of asbestos are conveyed by carding 25 by conveyors 24 and 25. :, ',

of asbestos can be obtained to make the asbestos fleece. A glass fabric 26 with open meshes is made of

form, and the use of long fibers results in a roll 27 and taken off by spreader rolls and a good interlocking of the fibers with one another and with stretching rollers, which are indicated generally at 28, to-; the glass fabric. In the known method, led at.

which asbestos paper is used, which is on a 30 The glass fabric 26 and the asbestos nonwovens 22 and 23 conventional papermaking machine is made from dry carded asbestos fibers at 29 only asbestos fibers with the shortest fiber length are brought together and through pressure rollers 30 and 31 used. In the other known method, passed through. The rollers 30 can be made of rubber which uses a colloidal dispersion, while the rolls consist of 31 calender rolls Inevitably short fibers from the treatment steel can be. When passing between them process. In both known methods, the short rollers will fiberize the composite structure together no effective interlock and no effective printed, and the dry carded asbestos fibers Interlocking of the fibers with one another and with the are caused to expand the meshes of the glass fabric. Furthermore, with asbestos paper, the fill and interlock with each other and with the yarns of the Fibers pressed into a layer, and this includes 40 glass fabric to interlock.

continue the mutual engagement of the fibers under- Fig. 5 _ze IGT clear as the webs 22 and 23 from

each other and with the glass fabric. Because of this dry carded asbestos fiber and glass fabric 26 difference, the product produced by the method of the invention and fed between the pressure rollers 30 and 12 is largely superior to that produced by the known methods 31 to drive the desired compression. 45 _Z u and the desired compound structure

According to the invention, a composite picture is to be made.

Structure created, the glass fabric with open meshes The composite fabricated in this way

and contains fiber material, which the mesh of the structure can be used without further treatment, fabric fills, and this material is mainly, however, in the manner shown in Fig. 1, carded spinnable asbestos fibers, which are further treated a 5 °. The composite structure migrates onto one another and interlocked with the yarns of the glass fabric by means of a conveyor belt 32, which it is by means of an immersion. _ Conveying container 33, to which a screen cylinder 34 is assigned. The invention further comprises a method for is. In the illustrated embodiment, the conveyor belt 32 is producing a composite structure as shown in FIG. 55 and is supported by various rollers as described above and includes the stages of the support, which are generally indicated at 35 and which apply the fibrous material on at least one side of the belt to the screen cylinder 34 and away from it the glass fabric with open meshes and merging. The container 33 may be water or an Ver ₇ press the fabric and the coated fibers steifungsüüssigkeit, for example, starch or resin contained. In order for the fibers to be caused to enter the mesh of the 6 ° in each case, the composite structure will enter through the fabric and fill it up and a connection of its passage through the container will be moistened and interlocked with the fibers and with the yarns is attached to the printing or To effect calender rolls 36 and 37 from the glass fabric. given. In the drawing, one embodiment of the Er formations is still pressed together. After passing through the invention, for example, brought to the display. 63 these rollers the composite structure is ge-Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the pre-drying, for example by using drying cans or drawing the method according to the invention; -containers is fed.

Fig. 2 is a plan view on an enlarged scale. As stated above, there is an essential feature

of the assembled structure, in which, for the purpose of this process, the use of dry, the illustration has a part broken away; 70 carded, spinnable asbestos fibers to reduce the asbestos

5 6

To form nonwovens, which is the preferred glass fabric in engagement with the glass fabric, which consists of a thread count to be brought. Although 30,000 is formed as a result of the carding process.

a certain alignment of the carded asbestos A glass fabric of eight threads per cm both in the

fibers are present, warp is predominant in the nonwovens, and a jumbled arrangement of the fibers in the weft has proven to be very useful, 5. However, a glass fabric containing one and this jumble arrangement plays a significantly greater number of yarns per cm both in the warp tending role in the intimate interlocking of the asbestos fibers and in the weft can also be used, in advance of one another and with the yarns of the glass fabric as desired - Assume that a sufficient mesh area for the asbestos trend of the dry compression process, which is available through fibers, to be made through the meshes of the rollers 30 and 31. Continue to lock the glass fabric. Composite structures, as stated above, the relatively great length of the fibers that have been manufactured according to the invention with different types of weave plays an essential role for the interlocking effects achieved by the combination of glass fabric. with 20:20 meshes, which has a weight of 52 g / m ²

Furthermore, it can be seen that with the method this has and is available in widths of up to 130 cm. carded asbestos fleece does not have a smooth surface, but 15 The ratio of asbestos fibers to glass in the zudaß the fibers are perpendicular and in a different composite, made according to the invention Extend angle to the plane of the fleece. These assemblies can vary from about 30 to 70 percent by weight of the fleece enables locking rather than through ieren. Thus, in the aforementioned 20:20 mesh crimping of the fibers in the mesh of the glass fabric, glass fabric a composite structure of about 30 as is the case with asbestos paper. By using 20 to 50 parts by weight of glass and 50 to 70 parts by weight Driving the invention, it is possible to make the mesh of asbestos.

Glass fabric evenly across the thickness of the fabric using a stiffening agent after drying one The smallest amount of fibers lying on the wire is applied to calendering, as in connection with to be filled in, so that the resulting product was described as a Fig. 1, the filler of starch, has a smooth surface and a uniform thickness. 25 thermoplastic resins, e.g. polyvinyl acetate, poly examples the types of asbestos fibers which make up for vinyl chloride, acrylates, or in some cases Use of the fleece are expedient, are chrysotile, can optionally be a solidifying in the heat Crocidolite or amosite. The length of the stiffening agent used, such as phenolic resin or silicone, on asbestos fibers can be brought from 3.2 to 38.7 mm or more.

with the preferred mean length being about 9.6 mm. 30 A composite structure according to the invention Through this process it is possible to impregnate a joint-can according to its purpose in order to close it To produce a structure that can only be used to produce a board from Hch, which has a high tensile strength glass fabric and asbestos fibers, with the addition of a high flexural strength, a high impact composition Structure is completely inorganic. It withstood and has good thermal resistance. With is still possible, the composite structure has a completely inorganic structure or without impregnation manufacture in which a mixture of carded forms according to the invention a very high resistance Asbestos fiber and glass fiber is used. Dk glass against peeling or separation of the components, and Fibers can range in length from 38.7 to 77.4 as a result of the very intimate interlocking of asbestos mm, with 38.7 mm being the preferred length. fibers and the glass yarn. Because of its high cons is still possible, the structure can be partially inorganic to prevent delamination with the usual To produce a composite structure, the various impregnation processes are treated, which the Ver-Percentage Contains organic carrier fibers, the use of coating rollers, dip rollers or the like. are mixed with the asbestos fibers. With a fully inclusive. In the case of an impregnated composite constantly inorganic product should have the longest structure is important that its resistance to on-asbestos fibers are used, while in a partially-45 inorganic product, shorter asbestos fibers with impregnation as in some well-known products are not peeled off the binder or the resin-wise inorganic product natural or synthetic fibers can be used. but derives from the intimate locking of the asbestos-both natural and artificial carrier fibers and glass yarns.

can be used in the partially inorganic product. A composite structure according to the invention

be turned. The length of these fibers can be chosen 50 if it can with a suitable lacquer, a pigment are, as it has been made or otherwise correctly impregnated above with reference to the glass fibers, as elekführung became. tric isolation barrier and has advantages

The method of the invention can also be divided in this way compared to a method consisting entirely of asbestos that dry, carded, spinnable product to the effect that it is a very much larger Asbestos fibers and carrier fibers before the application of the 55 tensile strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions and continue Pulp material are mixed together. has a very high tear resistance. Together-

If carrier fibers are used, regardless of whether they are set structures according to the invention, both with If fiberglass or organic fibers are, they can be thermoplastic as well as heat-solidifying of the carding process mixed with the asbestos lowing saturants have been resinified. Thermowedding. The carding process contains passage 60 plastic saturant, e.g., polyvinyl acetate, polyamide a shredder and a fine card, and the vinyl chloride, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, poly-blending the carrier fibers with the asbestos fibers can be tetrafluoroethylene, polymonochlorotrifluoroethylene during the initial run through the tear samples of the saturants used, wolf are carried out, the end mat being made of a composite structure according to the invention

Combination of fibers consists of how it leaves the fine card 65 as layers or plies with it in the heat, setting resins of the phenol type, the epoxy type and the glass cloth made of various sizes of glass-silicone type. That with thermoplastic Yarn can be used for the purposes of the invention. Resin-coated composite structures can be pre-used with will. Some examples of the yarn count part as electrical insulating tape in electrical cables are: 30,000 m / kg, 45,000 m / kg and 90,000 m / kg. The 7 ° can be used.

Special properties of the material in this form compared to those made entirely from asbestos Material are the following:

Resin content.
tensile strenght

Tensile test
longitudinal
in the transverse direction,

Asbestos-glass composite fabric

45% 18kg_ per cm width

1600 g 1600 g

asbestos

45%

4.9 kg

per cm width

160 g 216 g

When the material is converted into layers, it does not matter whether it is low pressure or high pressure has been produced in flat strips or in shaped profile parts, an increased flexural strength, Preserved compressive strength and impact resistance. ao

Layers made from the composite structure have excellent resistance to splintering when subjected to a strong shock. In order to produce a layer or sheet of such a material, the composite structure is impregnated with a resin, for example based on phenol, by being passed through a dip tank over wiper rods and suspended in a vertical drying tower. The treated structure with the desired volatile content is cut into the appropriate shape and placed in a press. In the case of a phenol-containing layer, the structure is inserted into the hot plates of a press and pressed for half an hour at about 127 ° C., and the layers are pulled out of the press while hot. The pressing pressures can be varied from 28 to 105 kg / cm ² . The press plates are supplementarily in an oven with circulating air for 24 hours at about 120 ⁰ C, for 24 hours at about 150 ° C and for 24 hours at about 177 ° C. A layer produced in this way with 45% phenolic resin content in the composite layer, which has ^{been pressed at 14 kg / cm 2} , has the following properties compared to a layer consisting entirely of asbestos:

Flexural strength

Young's modulus at

To bend

Compressive strength

Young's modulus at

Squeeze ..
Notch toughness

in mkg / cm.

Specific weight ..
Resin content

Asbestos-glass composite structure

3260 kg / cm ²

3.85 x 10 ⁶ 1730 kg / cm ²

2.39 x 10 ^e

0.6

1.74

40 to 45% The invention has been described above with reference to particular exemplary embodiments. However, these are only given for illustration and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The invention also includes modifications and other embodiments.

Claims (9)

Patent claims 1. Composite structure of fiberglass fabric with open meshes and fiber material, which the Filling meshes of the fabric, characterized in that the material consists mainly of carded spinnable asbestos fibers, which have a predominant tangle and which are interlocked with one another and with the yarns of the glass fabric. 2. Composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber material with is impregnated with a stiffening liquid. 3. A composite structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber material consists of carded spinnable asbestos fibers and carrier fibers which have a predominantly tangled layer. 4. Composite structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that several with Resin impregnated layers of the structure are combined to produce a laminated structure. 5. Method of making a composite Structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the steps of application of the fibrous material on at least one side of the open mesh glass fabric and Compression of the fabric and the applied fibers so that the fibers are forced into the Meshes of the fabric enter and fill them in and interlocking the fibers with each other and with the Cause yarns of the glass fabric. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized by the additional step of mixing dry carded spinnable asbestos fibers and carrier fibers prior to the application of the fibrous material. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized through the additional stages of : creation of a Vheses from the fiber material and application of the fleece in engagement with one side of the glass-all-asbestos fabric. 8. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by the further stages of production two fleeces of the fiber material, interposition of the glass fabric between the two fiber fleeces and engagement with these and compressing the interlocking fabric and nonwovens. 9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8 for the production of a laminated structure, characterized in that that the shaped structure is impregnated with resin, superimposed and several times by the action of heat and pressure with polymerization of the resin are combined. 2460 kg / cm ² 3.09 x 10 ⁶ 1420 kg / cm ² 1.87-10 ⁶ 0.15 1.66 40 to 45% 1 sheet of drawings ® 809 577/356 7.58