DE10345306A1 - Charging and monitoring process for road vehicle batteries having separate cells subjected to different voltages - Google Patents
Charging and monitoring process for road vehicle batteries having separate cells subjected to different voltages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10345306A1 DE10345306A1 DE10345306A DE10345306A DE10345306A1 DE 10345306 A1 DE10345306 A1 DE 10345306A1 DE 10345306 A DE10345306 A DE 10345306A DE 10345306 A DE10345306 A DE 10345306A DE 10345306 A1 DE10345306 A1 DE 10345306A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- cells
- voltage
- charging
- individual cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Laden einer Batterie, insbesondere einer Kfz-Starterbatterie, bestehend aus mehreren Einzelzellen, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1, sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Überwachen einer solchen Batterie gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 5.The The invention relates to a device for charging a battery, in particular a car starter battery, consisting of several individual cells, according to the generic term of claim 1, and an apparatus for monitoring such a battery according to the preamble of claim 5.
Batterien, wie sie in nahezu jedem Kraftfahrzeug als Starterbatterien eingesetzt sind, bestehen aus mehreren seriell verschalteten Einzelzellen. Im Falle einer Blei/Säure-Batterie mit einer Nennspannung von 12V werden beispielsweise 6 Einzelzellen benötigt, die jeweils etwa 2V Spannung erzeugen, um eine Gesamtspannung von 12V zu erhalten.batteries, as used in almost every motor vehicle as starter batteries are, consist of several series-connected single cells. In the case of a lead / acid battery For example, with a rated voltage of 12V, 6 single cells are needed each generate about 2V voltage to a total voltage of 12V to obtain.
Aufgrund von Toleranzen bei der Herstellung der Einzelzellen unterscheiden sich die Zellen in ihrem elektrischen Verhalten. Aus diesem Grund werden die Einzelzellen bei Betrieb der Batterie unterschiedlich stark belastet und unterschiedlich stark aufgeladen. Die „schwächste" der Einzelzellen ist wegen der seriellen Verschaltung der Zellen daher für die Entladung der Gesamtbatterie begrenzend.by virtue of different from tolerances in the production of single cells the cells are in their electrical behavior. For this reason the single cells will be different when the battery is in operation heavily loaded and differently charged. The "weakest" of the single cells is because of the serial interconnection of the cells therefore for the discharge limiting the total battery.
Zur Diagnose einer Fahrzeugbatterie, insbesondere zur Bestimmung der Leistungsfähigkeit, ist es bekannt, sogenannte Batteriezustandserkennungseinrichtungen einzusetzen, die aus den aktuellen Betriebsgrößen, wie beispielsweise der Batteriespannung, dem Batteriestrom oder der Batterietemperatur, den Batteriezustand und insbesondere die Leistungsfähigkeit der Batterie ermitteln. Dabei wird jedoch nur der Zustand der gesamten Batterie beurteilt, nicht jedoch der Zustand von Einzelzellen.to Diagnosis of a vehicle battery, in particular for determining the performance, It is known, so-called battery condition detection devices used, from the current operating variables, such as the battery voltage, the battery current or the battery temperature, the battery condition and in particular the performance determine the battery. However, only the condition of the whole becomes Battery assessed, but not the state of single cells.
Bei einem herkömmlichen Ladevorgang besteht daher das Problem, dass einzelne Zellen noch nicht optimal geladen sind, wenn die Klemmenspannung der Batterie einen vorgegebenen Sollwert (z.B. 14,5V Klemmenspannung) erreicht hat. Bei einem Entladevorgang können außerdem einzelne Zellen schon zu tief entladen sein, wenn ein vorgegebenes Entladeschlusskriterium (z.B. eine minimale Klemmenspannung) der Gesamtbatterie erreicht ist. Ein solcher, nicht optimaler Lade-Entlade-Betrieb der Fahrzeugbatterie kann zu einer verkürzten Lebensdauer oder einer geringeren Leistungsfähigkeit der Batterie führen. Dies gefährdet wiederum die Sicherheit im gesamten Fahrzeug.at a conventional one Charging process therefore poses the problem that single cells do not yet are optimally charged when the terminal voltage of the battery predetermined setpoint (e.g., 14.5V terminal voltage). During a discharge process can Furthermore single cells are already too deep discharged, if a predetermined discharge criterion (e.g., a minimum terminal voltage) of the entire battery is. Such, not optimal charge-discharge operation of the vehicle battery can be shortened Life or lower battery performance. This endangered again the safety throughout the vehicle.
Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit der die Leistungsfähigkeit einer Batterie optimiert und das Ausfallrisiko reduziert werden kann.It Therefore, the object of the present invention is a device to optimize the performance of a battery and the risk of default can be reduced.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung durch die im Patentanspruch 1 sowie im Patentanspruch 5 angegebenen Merkmale. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.Is solved this task according to the invention by the specified in claim 1 and in claim 5 Characteristics. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.
Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung besteht darin, eine Batterie mit Einzelzellen-Abgriffen zu verwenden, die an einer Ladeelektronik angeschlossen sind, die derart eingerichtet ist, dass an wenigstens einer der Einzelzellen eine höhere Spannung anlegbar ist, als an einer anderen der Einzelzellen. Bei einem Ladevorgang, bei dem an den Batterieklemmen (B+, B–) beispielsweise 14,4V Ladespannung anliegen – bei einer Batterie mit 6 Einzelzellen sind dies 2,4V pro Einzelzelle – erzeugt die Ladeelektronik an einer der Einzelzellen eine höhere Spannung von z.B. 2,65V. Dadurch kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Einzelzelle vollständig aufgeladen wird.One essential aspect of the invention is a battery with Single cell taps to use on a charging electronics are connected, which is arranged so that at least one of the single cells a higher Voltage is applied, as at another of the individual cells. at a charging process in which at the battery terminals (B +, B-), for example 14.4V charging voltage applied - at a battery with 6 single cells are 2.4V per single cell - generated the charging electronics at one of the individual cells a higher voltage from e.g. 2,65V. This can ensure that the single cell Completely is charged.
Vorzugsweise werden mehrere Zellen nacheinander mit der höheren Spannung geladen. Die Ladespannung an einer Einzelzelle ist vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1V und 0,5V höher als bei einem normalen Ladevorgang, wenn die Batterie über die Batterieklemmen (B+, B–) geladen wird.Preferably several cells are charged one after the other with the higher voltage. The Charging voltage to a single cell is preferably between 0.1V and 0.5V higher as in a normal charging process, when the battery is over Battery terminals (B +, B-) is loaded.
Die Höhe der Spannung ist vorzugsweise derart bemessen, dass die Gasungsspannung einer Einzelzelle überschritten wird. Dadurch können die Zellen vollständig geladen werden.The height of Voltage is preferably such that the gassing voltage exceeded a single cell becomes. Thereby can the cells completely getting charged.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung besteht darin, die Einzelzellen der Batterie während eines Entladevorgangs individuell zu überwachen. Erfindungsgemäß wird hierzu die Spannung an den Einzelzellen gemessen und individuell überwacht, ob die Spannung ein vorgegebenes Entladeschlusskriterium, wie z.B. eine Mindestspannung unterschreitet. Wahlweise kann auch überprüft werden, ob die in der Zelle enthaltene Ladung eine Mindestladung unterschreitet. Die Zellenspannung kann an verschiedenen Einzelzellen stark unterschiedlich hoch sein. Beim Entladen der Batterie kann es daher vorkommen, dass einzelne Zellen zu tief entladen werden und sich nicht mehr regenerieren können. Eine Tiefentlade-Überwachung der Einzelzellen hat daher den Vorteil, dass Tiefentladungen von Einzelzellen vermieden werden können.One Another essential aspect of the invention is the single cells the battery during individually monitor a discharge. According to the invention for this purpose measured the voltage at the individual cells and monitored individually, whether the voltage meets a predetermined discharge completion criterion, such as a minimum voltage falls below. Optionally, you can also check if the charge contained in the cell falls below a minimum charge. The cell voltage can vary greatly at different single cells be. When discharging the battery, it may therefore happen that individual Cells are discharged too deeply and do not regenerate can. A Deep discharge monitoring the single cells therefore has the advantage that deep discharges of Single cells can be avoided.
Bei Unterschreiten des Entladeschlußkriteriums können verschiedene Maßnahmen im Rahmen eines Energie- und Verbrauchermanagements durchgeführt werden, wie z.B. leistungserhöhende Maßnahmen (Erhöhen der Ladespannung) oder verbrauchsmindernde Maßnahmen (wie z.B. das Abschalten vorgegebener Verbraucher), um die Batterie zu schonen.at Fall below the unloading limit criterion can different measures be carried out within the framework of energy and consumer management, such as. performance enhancing measures (Increase the charging voltage) or consumption-reducing measures (such as shutdown given consumer) to protect the battery.
Zu Diagnosezwecken können ferner beliebige elektrische Eigenschaften der Einzelzellen, wie z.B. das Ruhepotential oder der Innenwiderstand, mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Elektronik individuell überwacht werden.For diagnostic purposes, any electrical properties of the individual cells, such as For example, the rest potential or the internal resistance, are monitored individually by means of the invention electronics.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert.The Invention will be exemplified below with reference to the accompanying drawings explained in more detail.
Neben
den üblichen
Hauptklemmen B+, B– hat
die Batterie
Die
Einzelzellenabgriffe
In
diesem Beispiel umfasst die Elektronik
Bei
einem herkömmlichen
Ladevorgang, bei dem die gesamte Batterie
In a conventional charging process in which the entire battery
Neben
dieser Lade-Optimierung hat die hat die Elektronik darüber hinaus
die Funktion, eine Tiefentladung der Batterie zu vermeiden. Hierzu
wird die Zellenspannung der Einzelzellen
Durch
den optimierten Lade-Entlade-Betrieb kann die Lebensdauer der Batterie
- 11
- Batteriebattery
- 2a-2f2a-2f
- EinzelzellenSingle cells
- 3a-313a-31
- Elektrodenplattenelectrode plates
- 44
- Zellenverbindercell connector
- 55
- Elektronikelectronics
- 6a-6g6a-6g
- Abgriffetaps
- B+, B–B + B-
- Hauptklemmenmain terminals
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10345306A DE10345306A1 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2003-09-30 | Charging and monitoring process for road vehicle batteries having separate cells subjected to different voltages |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10345306A DE10345306A1 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2003-09-30 | Charging and monitoring process for road vehicle batteries having separate cells subjected to different voltages |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10345306A1 true DE10345306A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
Family
ID=34306147
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE10345306A Ceased DE10345306A1 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2003-09-30 | Charging and monitoring process for road vehicle batteries having separate cells subjected to different voltages |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE10345306A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007050821A1 (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2009-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Galvanic separation between cell charge balance and hybrid drive control |
JP2011155832A (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-08-11 | Dr Ing Hcf Porsche Ag | Battery management apparatus |
DE102012205436A1 (en) | 2012-04-03 | 2013-10-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for manufacturing lithium ion battery cell module in electrical drive device of e.g. motor car, involves interconnecting cells to form battery cell modules, and assigning capacitances of cells to same capacitance difference classes |
US8729860B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2014-05-20 | E-Moove Gmbh | Energy storage assembly and method for operating such an assembly |
-
2003
- 2003-09-30 DE DE10345306A patent/DE10345306A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007050821A1 (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2009-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Galvanic separation between cell charge balance and hybrid drive control |
US8729860B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2014-05-20 | E-Moove Gmbh | Energy storage assembly and method for operating such an assembly |
JP2011155832A (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-08-11 | Dr Ing Hcf Porsche Ag | Battery management apparatus |
DE102012205436A1 (en) | 2012-04-03 | 2013-10-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for manufacturing lithium ion battery cell module in electrical drive device of e.g. motor car, involves interconnecting cells to form battery cell modules, and assigning capacitances of cells to same capacitance difference classes |
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8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
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R003 | Refusal decision now final |
Effective date: 20130817 |