DE10327031B4 - Method and device for recording switching operations of a manual transmission of a vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for recording switching operations of a gearbox of a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, in which a switching operation characterizing switching parameters containing a Kupplungsausrückweg are detected, the switching parameters of a series of switching operations and / or derived from these switching parameters parameters and / or maps are stored and the stored switching parameters and / or derived from these switching parameters characteristics and / or maps are displayed, characterized in that the determination of the Kupplungsausrückweges when engaging the gear actuation of a gear selector lever or a manual transmission from its neutral position to its non-neutral position and in the determination of Kupplungsausrückweges when Gangauslegen the Actuation of the gear selector lever or the manual transmission from its non-neutral position are detected in its neutral position.

Description

State of the art

The The invention is based on a method according to the preamble of Claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 6th

Such a method and apparatus are out DE 100 57 972 A1 known. The known method and the known device are used to determine characteristic quantities for vehicle transmissions, wherein evaluation variables for the transmissions are derived from the measured parameters. As parameters, the degree of engagement and the residence time of a clutch for determining the incurred friction work in the clutch, transmission input and transmission output speeds, vehicle speeds, engine speeds and the like are measured. The data is stored and can be displayed in a display in the vehicle. Sensors are provided for measuring the parameters.

Out DE 100 18 437 A1 an information and / or service system is known, in which the function and the interaction of gear unit and drive machine are assessed. For this purpose, various parameters such as switching speeds, speeds of the engine and / or the output, periods of operation of the switching elements and the residence time in the respective gear stage and actuate the individual switching elements in the individual gear stages are determined. These operating data are evaluated to assess the functional state and the mode of operation of the drive components. The corresponding data can be transmitted by radio.

Out DE 44 45 477 C1 is the detection of the Ausrückweges the clutch via a displacement sensor, which is connected to a transmitter, known. In the evaluation permanently wear of the clutch lining can be determined and retrieved by the driver of the vehicle.

Under a gearbox will be understood in the following a gear, where the gears are not automatically but by operation a gear selector lever and a clutch to be changed.

One The problem is always due to fancy commercial vehicles gearbox problems. In many cases, a frequent improper gearshift, d. H. an improper operation the clutch and gear selector lever the cause of a gear damage. For However, it is difficult for the vehicle manufacturer to determine whether a faulty operation of the driver or a system failure to the transmission damage guided Has.

From the DE 100 12 355 A1 is a method for determining the currently engaged gear in manual transmissions of commercial vehicles known, with which the currently engaged gear can be displayed on a display. Due to this information, however, no analysis of the reasons for a transmission damage is possible.

Of the The present invention is based on the object, a To provide a method and a device by means of which a Assessment allows to do so whether a transmission damage on a faulty operation or a system error is due.

According to the invention this Task in the method by the features of claim 1 and in the device solved by the features of claim 6.

By the invention will allow a precise analysis of whether operating errors in Gear change have led to a gear damage. Because such a arises, for example, when the driver during the gear change the clutch insufficient or at all not activated, d. H. that the clutch release path when changing gear is too small or equal to zero. Equally detrimental to the transmission is also the downshifting in relation to the current one Driving speed to small gear, so that the transmission input speed gets too big.

Advantageously, a switching operation characterizing switching parameters are detected by suitable sensors and stored at least for a series of switching operations or for all switching operations in a non-volatile memory to read out and display them for later analysis. Before or at the same time, an evaluation of the switching operations can be carried out by deriving parameters and / or characteristics from the switching parameters detected for each switching operation, by means of which the degree of their harmfulness for the life of the transmission is recognizable. These data can then be read out of the memory at any time and displayed and serve as an indication or proof of a possibly continuous incorrect operation of the clutch and transmission. On the other hand, an always or predominantly appropriate operation of the transmission exhibiting switching parameters can indicate a manufacturing or design error of these components. As a result, it is possible by the invention to be able to assign the life of a transmission affecting factors to the respective sources of error.

Especially preferred because important for the life of the gearbox, are for all switching operations over a certain period as a switching parameter of Kupplungsausrückweg when Gangeinlegen and gear layout and the maximum transmission input speed while a gear change detected and stored in a non-volatile memory. These data then form the ones derived from the switching parameters Characteristics or Maps.

simultaneously or afterwards the for each switching operation detected switching parameters for example the degree of their harmfulness for the Life of the gear classified, the relative frequency the occurrence of each class and determines the corresponding Data also in the non-volatile Memory saved.

A further consequences sees a remote data transmission the recorded switching parameters and / or the of these switching parameters derived parameters and / or Maps to a locally separate from the vehicle display which, for example, at a service branch of the vehicle manufacturer is housed.

Of the nonvolatile and readable memory is preferably an on-board computer of the vehicle assigned, which at the same time for the derivation of the parameters and / or the maps of the switching parameters is formed.

drawings

below is an embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings and in the following Description closer explained. In the drawings shows:

1 a highly schematic representation of a drive train of a commercial vehicle with a device for recording operations of a gearbox according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

2 a map of the transmission input speed.

Description of the embodiment

The in 1 in total with 1 designated powertrain of a commercial vehicle includes an internal combustion engine 2 , which by a driver-operated clutch 4 with a transmission input shaft 6 a manual transmission 8th can be coupled or decoupled from this. The individual gears of the manual transmission 8th are switchable by a likewise driver-actuated gear selector lever. Transmission output side is a transmission output shaft 12 with a driven rear axle 13 connected. Of course, the powertrain 1 be formed differently. Crucial is only that he is a driver-operable manual transmission 8th and a driver-operable clutch 4 having.

• a) Sensoren 16, 18, 20, 22 zur Erfassung von einen Schaltvorgang kennzeichnenden Schaltparametern wie der Kupplungsausrückweg beim Gang-Einlegen und beim Gang-Auslegen, die maximale Getriebeeingangsdrehzahl während eines Gangwechsels oder dergleichen,
• b) einen nichtflüchtigen und auslesbaren Speicher 24 zur Speicherung der Schaltparameter einer Reihe von Schaltvorgängen und/oder von diesen Schaltparametern abgeleiteten Kenngrößen und/oder Kennfeldern,
• c) eine Anzeigeeinrichtung 26 für die gespeicherten Schaltparameter und/oder für die von diesen Schaltparametern abgeleiteten Kenngrößen und/oder Kennfeldern.

According to the invention, the drive train 1 of the commercial vehicle, a device 14 for recording switching operations of the manual transmission 8th assigned, which has at least the following components or assemblies:

• a) sensors 16 . 18 . 20 . 22 for detecting shift parameters characterizing a shift operation, such as the clutch release travel during gear engagement and during gear shifting, the maximum transmission input rotational speed during a gear change or the like,
• b) a non-volatile and readable memory 24 for storing the switching parameters of a series of switching operations and / or parameters and / or characteristic diagrams derived from these switching parameters,
• c) a display device 26 for the stored switching parameters and / or for the parameters and / or characteristic diagrams derived from these switching parameters.

The sensors comprise at least one sensor 16 for detecting the Kupplungsausrückweges, ie the path by which the clutch 4 is disengaged or operated from its closed or engaged position. This sensor 16 is therefore the clutch 4 assigned and is by means of an electrical signal line 28 with an on-board computer 30 of the commercial vehicle. In addition, a sensor 18 for detecting the transmission input speed available, which is the transmission input shaft 6 is assigned and a corresponding speed signal via another signal line 32 to the on-board computer 30 supplies. Furthermore, the device 14 a sensor 20 for detecting a neutral position of the manual transmission 8th or one of these neutral position of the manual transmission 8th representing component, such as a gear selector lever 10 on. With the gear lever 10 can the gears of the manual transmission 8th driver-operated to be changed. The sensor 20 gives the on-board computer 30 via another signal line 34 a signal for a gear change. This is the on-board computer 30 designed to detect a signal change from "neutral" to "non-neutral" during gear engagement and a signal change from "non-neutral" to "neutral" during gear shifting. Finally, a sensor 22 provided for detecting the transmission output speed, which output shaft of the transmission 12 is assigned and a corresponding speed signal via another signal line 36 to the on-board computer 30 supplies.

Furthermore, the on-board computer 30 the vehicle's non-volatile and readable memory 24 assigned, in which the switching parameters of a series of switching operations and / or derived from these switching parameters parameters and / or maps can be stored. The on-board computer 30 is also for the derivation of the characteristics and / or the maps of the switching parameters and for supplying this data to the display device 26 educated.

Against this background, the operation of the device according to the invention 14 as follows:
In a first step, at least some of the switching operation characterizing switching parameters from the sensors 16 . 18 . 20 . 22 detected. Particularly preferred because important for the life of the manual transmission 8th , the shift release path is detected and stored as a shift parameter for a series of shift operations during gear engagement.

The shift process "gear engagement", ie an operation of the gear selector lever 10 from "Neutral" to "Non-Neutral" is from the on-board computer 30 by a signal change of the sensor 20 for detecting the neutral position of the manual transmission 8th or for example, the neutral position of the gear selector lever 10 detected signal detected.

Then the respective, the degree of actuation of the clutch 4 dependent and from the sensor 16 clutch release value detected for detecting the Kupplungsausrückweges assigned to certain classes. For example, as shown in Table 1, these classes may include the ranges 0 to less than 20%, 20% to less than 40%, 40% to less than 70%, 70% to less than 85%, and 85% to 100% of the maximum possible clutch disengagement travel It is true that a switching process is even more damaging to the life of the manual transmission 8th is, the smaller the Kupplungsausrückweg when Gang-insertion is. clutch release: <20% open <40% <70% <85% > = 85% closed total Number: 39 14 521 3251 37221 41046 rel. Frequency: 0% 0% 1% 8th% 91% 100% Table 1: Classified clutch disengagement paths during gear engagement

At the same time, the on-board computer determines 30 the relative frequency of occurrence of each class. In order to obtain meaningful values, an evaluation of the data only makes sense after a series of gear engagement processes, which take place, for example, over a longer operating period of the commercial vehicle. The storage of said data is preferably carried out in the table form given in Table 1.

As a further switching parameter, for example, the clutch release path is detected and stored during gear layout. The shift operation "gear-out", ie an operation of the gear selector lever 10 from "non-neutral" to "neutral" is from the on-board computer 30 by a signal change of the sensor 20 for detecting the neutral position here, for example, the manual transmission 8th detected signal detected. Then, as described above, the respective degree of operation of the clutch 4 dependent and from the sensor 16 clutch release value detected to detect the Kupplungsausrückweges stored and according to the degree of its harmfulness for the life of the manual transmission 8th assigned classes classified and classified in an analogous manner, as Table 2 shows. clutch release: <20% open <40% <70% <85% > = 85% closed total Number: 1321 3743 14244 10386 15820 45514 rel. Frequency: 3% 8th% 31% 23% 35% 100% Table 2: Classified clutch disengagement paths during gear disengaging

The evaluation of Table 1 and Table 2 is based on the finding that an insertion or a layout of a corridor with a closed or only partially disengaged clutch 4 the synchronizer rings of the manual transmission 8th Wears to a great extent. A medium or large relative frequency in low clutch release classes should therefore be considered negative.

As a preferred last parameter, the transmission input speed is recorded during a gear change, as shown in Table 3. The memory 24 of the on-board computer 30 then stores the highest transmission input speed when changing gear and the engaged gear at the beginning of switching whose number or name such as "3. Gang "on the horizontal of Table 3 is applied. In the vertical, the gearbox input speed is divided into, for example, 500 rpm steps separated from one another, ie, from 0 to less than 2000 rpm, from 2000 rpm to less than 2500 rpm, etc., to greater than 4000 rpm. minute Consequently, Table 3 shows which gear was engaged at the start of shift and which maximum transmission input speed was reached during the shift. The number in the individual fields of Table 3 indicates how often of which gear has been shifted that the corresponding speed range at the transmission input shaft 6 established. Transmission input speed (1 / min) engaged gear at the beginning of the shift Third 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th. until 2000 4 14 3 446 2359 2993 up to 2500 1 21 1 80 997 1773 up to 3000 0 11 0 4 608 879 up to 3500 0 4 0 0 48 201 up to 4000 0 1 0 0 0 43 > 4000 0 0 0 0 0 12 Table 3: Classified transmission input speed during gear change

The maximum transmission input speed is a measure of the speed caused by the synchronizer rings due to the high acceleration of the transmission input shaft 6 absorbed energy and consequently for the use of the same. Consequently, entries in the high speed ranges of Table 3 indicate gearshift errors that are too small for the transmission. Of course, the relative or absolute frequency of its occurrence can also be determined for this parameter. Then this results in 2 represented Kennfeld, in which on the vertical, the absolute frequency of occurrences of the speed ranges applied on the first horizontal (up to 2000 1 / min, up to 3000 1 / min and up to 4000 1 / min) depending on the second horizontal the respective, at Schaltgang present gear (shades of gray of the columns) is shown.

The data from Tables 1 to 3 are then in nonvolatile memory 24 of the on-board computer 30 filed and read at any time, for example, on a screen 38 the to the on-board computer 30 connected display device 26 , Preferably, therefore, the stored switching parameters and / or derived from these switching parameters parameters and / or maps are displayed simultaneously.

Alternatively, the data can also be transmitted by means of remote data transmission to an evaluation device spatially separated from the vehicle and displayed there. In particular, the evaluation device can be accommodated at a service branch of the vehicle manufacturer. The device according to the invention or the method according to the invention are not only in commercial vehicles, but in any other Vehicle type can be used in which the transmission and the clutch are operated by the driver.

1

powertrain

2

Internal combustion engine

4

clutch

6

Transmission input shaft

8th

manual transmission

10

The gear selector

12

Transmission output shaft

13

rear axle

14

contraption

16

sensor

18

sensor

20

sensor

22

sensor

24

Storage

26

display

28

signal line

30

on-board computer

32

signal line

34

signal line

36

signal line

38

screen

Claims (9)

A method for recording switching operations of a gearbox of a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, in which a switching operation characterizing switching parameters containing a Kupplungsausrückweg are detected, the switching parameters of a series of switching operations and / or derived from these switching parameters parameters and / or maps are stored and the stored switching parameters and / or derived from these switching parameters parameters and / or maps are displayed, characterized in that when determining the Kupplungsausrückweges when engaging the gear actuation of a gear selector lever or a manual transmission from its neutral position to its non-neutral position and in determining the Kupplungsausrückweges when Gangauslegen the Actuation of the gear selector lever or the manual transmission from its non-neutral position are detected in its neutral position. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the maximum transmission input speed detected during a gear change becomes. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the detected switching parameters according to the degree of their harmfulness for the Life of the gearbox divided into classes and the relative frequency the occurrence of each class. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized through a remote data transmission the recorded switching parameters and / or these switching parameters derived parameters and / or Maps to a locally separate from the vehicle display device. Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the display of the recorded switching parameters and / or derived from these switching parameters parameters and / or maps at any time possible is. Device for recording switching operations of a manual transmission ( 8th ) of a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle with an on-board computer ( 30 ) sensors connected to the vehicle ( 16 . 20 ) for detecting switching parameters characterizing a switching process, such as the clutch release path, a non-volatile and readable memory ( 24 ) for storing the switching parameters of a series of switching operations and / or derived from these switching parameters parameters and / or maps and a display device ( 26 ) for the stored switching parameters and / or for those of them Characteristics derived from switching parameters and / or maps, characterized in that the sensors further comprise at least one sensor ( 2 ) for detecting a neutral position and a non-neutral position of the manual transmission ( 8th ) trained gearbox or a gear selector lever ( 10 ) of the gearbox, wherein the on-board computer ( 30 ) is formed, a gear change from the neutral position to non-neutral position of the gear selector lever ( 20 ) or the manual transmission ( 8th ) during gear engagement and from the non-neutral position to the neutral position of the gear selector lever ( 10 ) or manual transmission ( 8th ) to recognize the Gangauslegen and to determine the respective Kupplungsausrückweg when Gangeinlegen and gear layout. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the sensors further comprise a sensor ( 18 ) for detecting the transmission input speed and a sensor ( 22 ) for detecting the transmission output speed. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the non-volatile and readable memory ( 24 ) an on-board computer ( 30 ) of the vehicle is assigned. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the on-board computer ( 30 ) of the vehicle for deriving the characteristics and / or the maps of the switching parameters is formed.