DE10326524A1 - Control anchor plate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a production method and a device for small workpieces made of metal, which are used for example as mechanical control elements in machines such as knitting machines, and their functional surfaces in terms of surface quality, in particular their roughness Ra and / or their positioning, in particular spacing and / or angular position to a reference point or a reference surface must be kept very carefully and possibly even very small, as well as such control anchor plate, wherein the peripheral contour of the workpiece is cut out of a plate-shaped blank by spark erosion, the function angle of the functional surface by means of EDM on the workpiece is produced and the final surface finish of the functional surface is produced by spark erosion.

Description

I. Field of application

The The invention relates to small workpieces made of metal, for example, as mechanical control elements used in machines such as knitting machines, and their Functional surfaces in terms of the surface quality, in particular their roughness Ra and / or their positioning, in particular spacing and / or angular position to a reference point or a reference surface very accurate must be adhered to the wear resistance and possibly about that are still very small.

II. Technical background

One A typical example of such a workpiece is the control anchor plate in the needle drive of a circular knitting machine, on whose control surface the associated Sample board slides. The largest dimension of Steuerankerbleches moves in of the order of magnitude from 10-15mm, and the width of the functional area, their inclination moving in the range of a few angular degrees, in the range of 1.0-2.0mm.

This Part is dynamically highly loaded, and needs for wear as well how the pattern board running on it can be hardened.

Though are in a circular knitting machine usually over 500 such parts, but in a total of 8 different variants, so that the numbers pro variant despite the large Total not excessive is.

These Control anchor sheets have been used in the past as fine-blanked parts made, that is punched out of a rolled sheet and optionally drilled, then hardened and in the hardened State the functional surfaces to achieve the desired Surface quality and the desired function angle ground.

by virtue of the increased demands on the accuracy and especially the required hardness of At least 62 Rockwell this was no longer possible, so these parts until today either as a precision casting and hardened, wherein the fine machining (eg grinding the functional surface) preferably after hardening was carried out, necessary milling operations, however, still before hardening were completed.

A different possibility is the production as a sintered part, then directly in the desired Hardness, and if possible minor post-processing such as grinding etc .. It is the desired low Roughness usually not even reach by grinding alone but the resulting during grinding grinding grooves and also the Grinding ridge, which yes at the above sliding pattern board cause increased wear - especially if they run transversely to the direction of the pattern board - must then by a polishing process as far as possible be removed.

Of the Disadvantage in both cases there is a need for a mold for each variant, and on the one hand the high mold costs and on the other hand the low Flexibility, if modifications to the workpiece must be made.

Also others available standing forming methods such as cutting by means of laser beam or water jet are not suitable because they have the desired accuracy especially at the functional areas not reach and in addition when processed by laser beam through the energy input undesirable Additional hardening process causes becomes.

III. Presentation of the invention

a) Technical task

It is therefore the object according to the invention, a manufacturing method and a device for such workpieces for disposal and in particular to create such a tax credit, which avoids the disadvantages described.

b) Solution of the task

These The object is achieved by the characterizing features of claims 1, 18, 19 and 20 solved. advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

in the Following is concrete instead of the general term workpiece from the control anchor sheet, without limiting the invention thereto.

By producing the control anchor plate both in terms of the peripheral contour and with respect to the functional surface and its functional angle by EDM - preferably from already hardened blanks - on the one hand, the desired high roughness requirement (especially less than 0.5 mm Ra) is achieved without any post-processing would be necessary, and it is by means of the Eroding no unwanted additional hardening process caused by too high heat input into the control anchor plate.

That the functional area not by single spark erosion, but repeated erosion is produced likewise the small roughness depth of the functional area. Through the progress of Erodierdrahtes relative to the functional area in the main direction of the functional area as only relative movement does not arise, especially no transverse directed to this main direction, structure in the functional area, and certainly no transverse to the main direction protruding ridge on the edge the functional area like when grinding. Multiple eroding at least consists of a first erosion process when cutting out the peripheral contour of Steuerankerblechs, wherein on the functional surface an allowance of more is added as a 1/10 mm, in particular between 3 and 5 1/10 mm.

At the next Erodiervorgang is the functional angle of the functional surface the right size made, but preferably at the first angle cut with the erosion wire not immediately edited to final dimensions, but afterwards - at constant angular position between erosion wire and control anchor plate - only a very small residual oversize, preferably of a few hundredths of a millimeter during the last erosion, decreased, and thereby improved especially the surface quality of the functional area.

Preferably is both the cutting of the raw contour in the package, so with superimposed Blanks, and by means of a common erosion wire, performed, and in particular, the production of the functional surface and its functional angle.

While at the cutting out of the workpiece contour the erosion wire is guided perpendicular to the main plane of the plate-shaped workpieces, is for the production of the functional angle, yes of the perpendicular deviates from the main plane of the control anchor, an inclination the control anchor plate relative to the erosion wire necessary.

To For this purpose, the control anchors are in a holding device with its side facing away from the side to be machined, namely the Foot of the tax sheet, supported against a stop stacked, with the lowermost control anchor plate on a sloping support which has a defined device angle to the horizontal, So also the most vertical direction of the erosion wire occupies. As a result, the angle setting of the erosion wire does not have to be changed and most of all you can then several parts stacked be eroded simultaneously.

In As a rule, the further processing steps, such as surface grinding, become more important the thickness of the control anchor, grinding the side angle and the Heel under the head, performed after completion of the functional area.

ever for accuracy requirements for However, the angular position of the functional surface may also be required be to perform the flat grinding of the thickness before creating the functional area to by deviations of the thickness, in particular also not exact parallelism of upper side to underside of the control anchor sheet, an impact on the working angle to avoid.

One The main problem with such a tax bill is that the functional area, namely the Top of the head, not exactly perpendicular to the main plane of the control anchor plate is, but this under a functional angle of a few degrees inclined, and the functional area in their longitudinal extension not straight along the head, but arcuately curved at the ends.

at a plane in the direction straight functional surface could with the control anchor Help the device about a tilt axis, which is parallel to the longitudinal direction the functional area runs, slanted at the functional angle be placed, and subsequently with a vertical erosion wire the functional area with the desired Function angle are produced.

To the One would to the arcuate However, one ends different from the straight central portion of the functional surface Function angles whose deviation is greater, the longer the angle length the bow piece is. In order neither in the straight nor in the curved area, the tolerance width of the function angle, the tilt axis is placed so that the perpendicular to the tilt axis is not the perpendicular to the straight Part of the functional area is, but in the direction of the perpendicular to the outlet direction of the Arch with the larger angular extent is relocated.

One Another problem is that at Steuerankerblechen though the operating angle is always the same, but some of the remaining dimensions of the control anchor plate, in particular the angular position of the longitudinal direction of the functional surface for longitudinal direction of the foot and base of the control anchor sheet, as well as the arc length of the at least one endbow.

By suitable position of the tilting axis and suitable choice of the device angle, which does not have to correspond to the later function angle and not even within the tolerance width of the functional angle must lie, but in particular is lower, compliance with the functional angle not only over the entire length of the functional surface in a control anchor plate, but also in different variants of the control plate, so with different steep vertical directions of the functional surfaces, be achieved.

in the Ideally, you can thus z. B. all eight occurring within a circular knitting machine Variants of the Steuerankerbleches with one and the same device, in particular the same device angle within the device, in terms of their functional area eroded.

Also a rotation of the device, in particular controlled relative for advancing the erosion wire, about an axis Z not parallel to Erodierdraht, but z. B. perpendicular to the lying in the device Taxable sheet, improves this possibility. Then several stacked workpieces being able to erode at the same time must in addition also nor the angular position of the erosion wire relative to the device and be feasible in the temporal context to the rotation.

Even if not all variants with the same device and one and the same device angle can be produced, but can be the number of needed Devices by a factor of 2-3 across from the number of different control anchor plates of a circular knitting machine reduce.

On this way - especially if as blanks for the control anchor plates powder metallurgically produced plates or plates cut from powder metallurgy rods used let - let to obtain tax bills whose functional area no in the surface direction the functional area have more lying structure, and in particular at all have no directional, but a completely amorphous structure.

On This way can also increase the life of the drive device for the Needles of a knitting machine are improved by the functional surface of the Control anchor plate has a surface roughness of less than 0.4 microns Ra and in particular a hardness, by at least 6 Rockwell degrees above the hardness of the pattern boards running on them lies.

e) exemplary embodiments

A embodiment according to the invention in the following with reference to the figures described in more detail by way of example. Show it:

1 : the control anchor sheet in perspective,

2 : the tax billboard in individual views,

3a : the device for working the functional surface, and

3b : a representation of the tax billboard 1 similar 2a ,

1 shows the control anchor plate 1 perspective, 2 in the individual views.

It is clear that the control anchor plate has approximately a T-shape, in which the head 4 not at right angles, but at an angle to the foot 2 stands. The functional area F is that of the foot 2 opposite top of the head 4 , The lower end of the foot 2 is - in the side view of 1 and 2 considered - opposite the width of the foot 2 widened with lateral indentations for fixing the position of the control anchor plate.

As especially the 2 B and 2c show is - in the supervision of the 2d considered - the head 4 thicker than the foot 2 and his pedestal 3 that is, according to the thickness D of the blank used for the production of the plate-shaped Steuerankerbleches, later in the region of his foot 2 and pedestals 3 on the reduced thickness d is sanded on one side.

2d further shows that the right end of the functional surface F is almost pointed when viewed in plan view, forming a side angle e to the principal plane 20 of the tax billboard 1 ,

The functional surface F has in terms of their manufacturability - except the required low roughness Ra - two problems:

According to the 2 B and 2c is the functional area F at a functional angle f, which is usually only 0 ° -5 °, in particular 4.5 °, compared to the perpendicular to the main plane 20 of the tax billboard 1 inclined.

In addition, in the same view is the 2a the functional surface F no straight surface, but passes at their ends in Endbögen A, B, the curvature axes approximately perpendicular to the main plane 20 stand.

• – Die plattenförmigen Rohlinge mit einer Dicke geringfügig größer als die Dicke D werden in Paketen bis zu ca. 55 Stück übereinander gestapelt und mittels einer Hilfsvorrichtung in ihrer Relativlage zueinander fixiert und mittels Erodieren in ihrer Umfangskontur – wie in 2a ersichtlich – mit einem über alle Rohlinge des Stapels durchgehenden, gemeinsamen Erodierdraht hergestellt. Dabei wird im Bereich der späteren, schräg stehenden Funktionsfläche F ein Aufmaß von einigen Zehntelmillimeter, insbesondere 0,2–0,5 mm Aufmaß, beibehalten.

Therefore, in general, the control anchor sheets 1 produced by the following procedure:

• - The plate-shaped blanks with a thickness slightly greater than the thickness D are stacked in packages up to about 55 pieces and fixed by means of an auxiliary device in their relative position to each other and by eroding in their peripheral contour - as in 2a visible - made with a continuous through all the blanks of the stack, common erosion wire. In this case, an allowance of a few tenths of a millimeter, in particular 0.2-0.5 mm allowance, is maintained in the region of the laterally inclined functional surface F.

Especially the blanks are significantly larger than in their greatest extent only about 10-15mm huge Control anchor plates, so that from a blank about 50 Steuerankerbcheche can be cut out side by side, preferably several simultaneously with the help of several parallel working erosion wires.

• – Anschließend wird die Dicke D beidseitig flach geschliffen auf die gewünschte Solldicke D, vorzugsweise in einem Schleifgitter, in dessen paßgenaue Vertiefungen die Teile liegen.
• – Anschließend werden die Steuerankerblech-Rohlinge in der Haltevorrichtung 9 gemäß 3a übereinander gestapelt auf einer um den Vorrichtungswinkel v schräg stehenden Auflage 6, wobei sich die Steuerankerbleche 1 mit ihrem Sockel 3 gegen einem Anschlag 5 abstützen, und auch dieses Paket – welches in der Regel 8– 10 Steuerankerbleche übereinander umfasst – sowohl in der Relativlage zueinander als auch zur Haltevorrichtung 9 fixiert wird, beispielsweise mittels eines auf das oberste Steuerankerblech 1f aufgelegten Gewichtes oder eine andere Spannkraft.

All outer circumference contours according to 2a with the exception of the functional area F are already finished by it.

• - Subsequently, the thickness D is ground flat on both sides to the desired target thickness D, preferably in an abrasive grating, in which precisely fitting recesses are the parts.
• - Then the Steuerankerblech blanks in the fixture 9 according to 3a stacked on top of one another at an angle inclined by the device angle v 6 , where the tax bills 1 with her pedestal 3 against a stop 5 support, and also this package - which usually comprises 8- 10 control anchor plates on top of each other - both in the relative position to each other and to the holding device 9 is fixed, for example by means of one on the top control anchor plate 1f applied weight or another clamping force.

• – Zuletzt werden die Kanten gebrochen bzw. gerundet.
• – Anschließend wird der in 2d ersichtliche Seitenwinkel e durch Schleifen hergestellt und ebenso der Absatz C, der die Dicke D auf d in den ersichtlichen Bereichen verringert, einschließlich der Absatzrundung c unter dem Kopf 4.

Through a common erosion wire 8th , which is perpendicular to the base surface of the pad 6 So the device 9 Runs, the function angle f of Funktionsflä surface F is prepared and by subsequent further delivery of the erosion wire 8th opposite the holding device 9 due to low material removal additionally refines the surface.

• - Finally, the edges are broken or rounded.
• - Then the in 2d apparent side angle e produced by grinding and also the paragraph C, which reduces the thickness D to d in the apparent areas, including the shoulder rounding c under the head 4 ,

By far the most problematic processing step is producing the functional surface F with the correct functional angle f over the entire length of the functional surface F, specifically for all variants of the control anchor plate required for a knitting machine 1 :
In general, a circular knitting machine comprises eight such variants, which are z. B. with respect to the skew angle s between the head 4 and foot 2 , the end angle a, b to the central region of the functional area F, the head heights t, u and the arc length w of the largest arc slightly different.

In principle, one can always be at the same functional angle f to the main plane 20 standing functional surface F with unchanged vertical eroding wire 8th be achieved by appropriate inclination of the control anchor plates 1 to the eroding wire B.

Also a pile of slanting on a pad 6 control baffles lying around the device angle v 1a - 1f one above the other in a holding device 9 is possible, so that with one and the same erosion wire 8th can be made simultaneously with the entire package of the function angle f.

If you are doing the holding device 9 and in particular their back stop 5 such that the tilting axis K for the oblique position lies parallel to the straight central part of the functional surface F, the functional angle desired at the functional surface F would arise at a device angle v = functional angle f at least in the middle, straight region of the functional surface F. However, in the region of the end curves A, B curved in an arc shape towards the tilt axis, this function angle f would decrease more and more.

Depending on the angle length the largest of these end arcs A, B and the tolerance width for the function angle f could - by Adjustment of the device angle v at the upper end of the tolerance range for the Function angle f - under Circumstances about the whole length the functional area F, including the end bows A, B achieves a function angle f within the tolerance range become.

However, moreover, the aim is not just one particular shape of the control tie but several of its variants, which are equal in function angle f, but different with respect to the other dimensions of the control tie, simultaneously with one and the same fixture 9 , So if possible, one and the same device angle v to produce.

In particular, for this purpose, it is advantageous to shift the tilting axis K, so that their perpendicular rights in the plane of the plate 20 not perpendicular to the straight middle part of the functional surface F but this is obliquely, for example, twisted in Rich tion of the longitudinal direction 10 of the foot 2 or even agree with it. Depending on the deviation from the perpendicular to the functional area F, the device angle v must also differ from the functional angle f, preferably be chosen smaller than this.

By this procedure, an optimization is possible to the effect that as many variants of the control anchor plate, in particular all eight variants required in a circular knitting machine, with one and the same device 9 can be produced.

It is helpful also a rotation of the device 9 about an axis Z, wherein the rotation controlled during machining by means of the erosion wire 8th must be able to take place, wherein the axis Z is not parallel to the erosion wire 8th but this slightly inclined, in particular perpendicular to the main plane of the oblique in the device control anchor plates 1a - 1f , stands, especially if simultaneously and also controlled the inclination of the erosion wire 8th can be changed because only then several workpieces stacked on top of each other can be eroded simultaneously.

In particular, the axis Z is identical or in the vicinity of the radius of curvature of the larger of the two end curves B, namely the center of curvature M _b .

F

functional surface

f

function angle

S

vertical (to F)

s

oblique angle

A

tail end

B

tail end

a, b

end angle

K

tilt axis

C

paragraph

c

paragraph rounding

e

side angle

v

device angle

Z

axis

D

density

d

density

t, n

head height

w

arc length

1

Control anchor plate

2

foot

3

base

4

head

5

attack

6

edition

7

Weight, complain

8th

EDM wire

9

holder

10

longitudinal direction

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

board plane

Claims (20)

Method for producing hardened workpieces, in particular having a plate-shaped basic shape, made of metal with high demands on the roughness Ra and / or the positioning, in particular the angular position (f) of at least one functional surface (F) of the workpiece, opposite the plane of the plate ( 20 ), characterized in that - the peripheral contour of the workpiece is cut out of a plate-shaped blank by means of spark erosion, - the functional angle (f) of the functional surface (F) is produced by spark erosion on the workpiece and - the final surface finish of the functional surface (F) is produced by spark erosion becomes. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that cut out of hardened and possibly annealed blanks. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface quality of the functional surface (F) by repeated processing by means of spark erosion is achieved in succession, in which in particular the erosion wire ( 8th ) in its angular position to the workpiece in all machining operations of the surface is the same in each case. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the production of the angular position (f) of the functional surface (F) is achieved by batch processing of several workpieces one above the other and joint processing by means of a common erosion wire ( 8th ) he follows. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the production of the surface structure by stacking a plurality of workpieces one above the other and joint processing by means of a common erosion wire ( 8th ) he follows. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for batch processing, the workpieces are arranged around a device angle (v) inclined in a holding device ( 9 ) are stacked with a parallel to the stacking direction erosion wire ( 8th ) and parallel to the erosion wire ( 8th ) lying flat stop surface ( 5 ) for the back of the workpieces facing away from the functional surface (F). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the cutting out of the contour of the workpieces one blank each in the stack is stacked with one another, vertical lying to the stacking direction plates, of a common Erosion wire to be cut. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the surface grinding of the thickness of the plate-shaped workpieces before the production of the operating angle (F), in particular before manufacture the final surface finish the functional area (F), and in particular takes place in a sanding grid. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the production of the operating angle (f) and in particular after the surface grinding of the thickness (D) of the plate-shaped workpiece, the grinding of übri gene, not perpendicular to the plate plane ( 20 ) lying slopes, in particular the side angle (e), takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that after producing the functional angle (f) and the flat grinding of the thickness (D) the grinding of the paragraph (C), ie loops on thickness (d), and in particular the concave rounding (C), in particular in a sanding grid, takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the last operation breaking or rounding the edges, in particular by Trovalisieren takes place. Method for producing hardened workpieces, in particular having a plate-shaped basic shape, of metal with high demands on the roughness Ra and / or the positioning, in particular the angular position (f) of at least one functional surface (F) of the workpiece relative to the plate plane ( 20 ), wherein the functional angle (f) of the functional surface (F) is produced by spark erosion on the workpiece, by batching the workpieces by a device angle (v) inclined in a holding device ( 9 ) are stacked with a parallel to the stacking direction erosion wire ( 8th ) and parallel to the erosion wire ( 8th ) lying flat stop surface ( 5 ) for the rear side of the workpieces facing away from the functional surface (F), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position of the tilting axis (K) of the workpieces and / or the device angle (v) is also in the case of non-straight functional surfaces (F) the holding device ( 9 ) are selected such that the tolerance width of the functional angle (f) of the functional surface (F) is maintained for all regions of the functional surface (F), without the device angle (v) or the angular position of the erosion wire ( 8th ) to the holding device ( 9 ) to change. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that that is the device angle (v) and / or the tilt axis (K) so chosen be that as possible Many of the different variants of the workpiece have the same functional angle (f), but a different position or design of the functional surface (F), can be made with the same holding device. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the holding device ( 9 ) about an axis (Z), in particular not parallel to the erosion wire ( 8th ), but to this obliquely standing at an intermediate angle approximately in the order of the functional angle, is, in particular that the axis is perpendicular to the control anchor plates lying in the device, can be rotated, in particular can be rotated controlled during processing of the functional surface (F ) through the erosion wire ( 8th ) and the angular position of the erosion wire ( 8th ) to the device ( 9 ) is changed depending on the rotation. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that that the axis (Z) the center of the radius of curvature of the longest the functional area (F) existing arc (B) is. A method according to claim 12 to 15, characterized in that in a T-shaped component with the foot ( 2 ) inclined head ( 4 ), on which the functional surface (F) is located, the perpendicular to the tilting axis (K) between the vertical (S) on the functional surface (F) and the longitudinal direction ( 10 ) of the foot ( 2 ) lies. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the device angle (v) is chosen to be smaller is selected as the desired function angle (f), in particular smaller as the lower limit of the tolerance range for the function angle (f). Drive device for the needles of a knitting machine, in particular a circular knitting machine, with a plurality of control anchor sheets ( 1 ) and at least one on the functional surface (F) of the control anchor plate ( 1 ) running pattern board, characterized in that the functional surface (F) of the tax billboard ( 1 ) has a surface roughness Ra of less than 0.4 μm and a hardness greater by at least 6 Rockwell (HRC) than the pattern plate on its functional surface, in particular a hardness of 62 HRC or more. Drive device for the needles of a knitting machine, in particular a circular knitting machine, with a plurality of control anchor sheets ( 1 ) and at least one on the functional surface (F) of the control anchor plate ( 1 ) running pattern board, characterized in that the control anchor plate ( 1 ) has an amorphous structure, in particular cut out of a powder metallurgically produced raw material, at least in the area of its functional surface (F). Drive device for the needles of a knitting machine, in particular a circular knitting machine, with a plurality of control anchor sheets ( 1 ) and at least one on the functional surface (F) of the control anchor plate ( 1 ) running pattern board, characterized in that the functional surface (F) of the Steuerankerbleches ( 1 ) has no structure lying in the surface direction.