DE10324625A1 - Twin screw extruder for processing mixtures of plastics and natural fibers has screw profile for repeated compression and relaxation along the screw length and vacuum evacuation - Google Patents
Twin screw extruder for processing mixtures of plastics and natural fibers has screw profile for repeated compression and relaxation along the screw length and vacuum evacuation Download PDFInfo
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- DE10324625A1 DE10324625A1 DE10324625A DE10324625A DE10324625A1 DE 10324625 A1 DE10324625 A1 DE 10324625A1 DE 10324625 A DE10324625 A DE 10324625A DE 10324625 A DE10324625 A DE 10324625A DE 10324625 A1 DE10324625 A1 DE 10324625A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
- B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
- B29C48/832—Heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/41—Intermeshing counter-rotating screws
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
- B29C48/762—Vapour stripping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
- B29C48/765—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
- B29C48/766—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
- B29C48/767—Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders through a degassing opening of a barrel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/793—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling upstream of the plasticising zone, e.g. heating in the hopper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
- B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
- B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2311/10—Natural fibres, e.g. wool or cotton
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die ökologische Diskussion der letzten 1,5 Jahrzehnte hat ganz wesentliche Einflüsse auch auf die Kunststoffverarbeitung ausgeübt. Der Recycling-Gedanke steht bei jeder Neuentwicklung vornan. Der Einsatz von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen ist ein ganz wesentliches Thema einer jeden Produktentwicklung. Dabei sind zwei wesentliche Grundgedanken zu beachten:
- a) Thermoplastische Kunststoffe werden im wesentlichen aus Erdöl oder Salzressourcen gewonnen. Sie können grundsätzlich beliebig häufig recyceln werden und stehen somit als „unendliche Werkstoffe" zur Verfügung.
- b) Naturfasern, wie z. B. Holzmehl, Hanf oder Stroh, Kokosmehl oder Reisschalen sind nachwachsende Rohstoffe, die ihren normalen Lebenszyklus durch Zersetzung in der Natur beenden. Der Lebenszyklus von Holz kann durchaus ein Jahrhundert sein, liegt in der Regel jedoch deutlich darunter. Der Lebenszyklus der sonstigen Naturfasern ist häufig nur sehr kurzzeitig.
- a) Thermoplastic materials are mainly obtained from petroleum or salt resources. In principle, they can be recycled as often as required and are therefore available as "infinite materials".
- b) natural fibers such. B. wood flour, hemp or straw, coconut flour or rice bowls are renewable raw materials that end their normal life cycle through decomposition in nature. The lifecycle of wood can be a century, but it is usually well below that. The life cycle of other natural fibers is often only very short.
Die Entwicklung hat gezeigt, daß Kunststoffe mit Naturfasern gemischt werden können. Hierdurch wird es möglich, wesentliche Eigenschaften der Kunststoffe, wie z. B. Polyolefine, so zu modifizieren, daß diese z. B. in der Steifigkeit nahe dem Hartholz liegen können. Wesentlich hierbei ist, daß durch die Verbindung von Kunststoff und Naturfasern ein Produkt mit einer annähernd gleichen Recyclingfähigkeit wie beim Kunststoff selber entsteht. Durch die Vermischung von Kunststoff und Naturfasern wird somit die Naturfaser als Ressource für nachfolgende Generationen „konserviert".The development has shown that plastics with Natural fibers can be mixed. This makes it possible essential properties of plastics, such as B. polyolefins, to modify so that this z. B. may be in the rigidity close to the hardwood. Essential here is that by the combination of plastic and natural fibers a product with a nearly same recyclability as with the plastic itself. By mixing plastic and natural fibers thus becomes the natural fiber as a resource for subsequent ones Generations "conserved".
Eine Problematik der Einarbeitung von Naturfasern liegt in der undefinierten Feuchtigkeit der Naturfasern selber bzw. in dem hydrofilen Charakter dieser Fasern. Zwar kann durch den Einsatz teurer Zuschlagstoffe Wasser für chemische Reaktionen wie Vernetzungen etc. genutzt werden, jedoch ist dieses wirtschaftlich bzw. unter dem Recylcling-Gedanken ein mit Fragezeichen behafteter Weg. Das Einmischen von Naturfaser in Kunststoffe mit möglichst wenig Zuschlagstoffen ist die Zielsetzung. Heute werden in der Regel Naturfasermaterialien vorgetrocknet auf einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von deutlich kleiner 1%, die dann in der Regel direkt einem Extrusionsprozeß zugeführt werden.A problem of familiarization of natural fibers lies in the undefined moisture of the natural fibers itself or in the hydrofilic character of these fibers. Although can by the use of expensive water additives for chemical reactions such as Networks etc. can be used, but this is economical or under the recycling idea a path with question marks. Mixing in natural fibers in plastics with as little as possible Aggregates is the goal. Today, natural fiber materials are usually used pre-dried to a moisture content of significantly less than 1%, which are then usually fed directly to an extrusion process.
Hierbei kann der Kunststoff in einem Trichter mit der vorgetrockneten Naturfaser vermischt werden und direkt in den Extruder eingezogen werden oder die Naturfaser wird separat zum Kunststoff vorgewärmt, der Kunststoff wird vorher plastifiziert und dann zusammengemischt. Jegliche Form der Zwischenlagerung von vorgetrockneten Naturfasern ist mit der Problematik verbunden, daß die Fasern Feuchtigkeit aufnehmen, sobald sie mit der Feuchtigkeit, wie sie z. B. in der Luft vorhanden ist, in Berührung kommen. Die Feuchtigkeitsmenge, die aufgenommen wird, ist z. B. wesentlich von der Höhe der Luftfeuchtigkeit abhängig.Here, the plastic in one Funnel can be mixed with the pre-dried natural fiber and be drawn directly into the extruder or the natural fiber preheated separately to the plastic, the plastic is previously plasticized and then mixed together. Any form of intermediate storage of pre-dried natural fibers is associated with the problem that the fibers absorb moisture, as soon as they are exposed to moisture, e.g. B. present in the air is in touch come. The amount of moisture that is absorbed is e.g. B. significantly from the height depending on the air humidity.
Der Nachteil der Vortrocknung. liegt auch in einem sehr hohen hierfür benötigten Energieeintrag und einer schwierig zu regelnden Restfeuchte. Zudem wird in der Regel das Material nach dem Vortrocknen abgekühlt und muß danach wieder aufgeheizt werden, eine zusätzliche Energievernichtung.The disadvantage of predrying. lies even in a very high for this required Energy input and a difficult to regulate residual moisture. moreover the material is usually cooled after predrying and after that be heated again, an additional energy destruction.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es ist Stand der Technik, daß zur Verarbeitung von Mischungen aus Kunststoff und Naturfasern als Verarbeitungsmaschinen in der Regel typische Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschinen mit Schnecken und Zylindern eingesetzt werden. Schnecken zur Verarbeitung von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen sind so aufgebaut, daß entlang der Schneckenlänge unterschiedliche Geometriezonen vorliegen. Es wird zwischen Ein- und Doppelschnecken unterschieden. Doppelschnecken gewährleisten einen sehr hohen Druckaufbau und sind im Gegensatz zu Einschnecken extrem fördersteif. Dichtkämmende, gegenläufige Doppelschnecken arbeiten entsprechend einer Pumpe. Die Doppelschnecken werden in einem Doppelschneckenzylinder geführt. Verfahrenstechnisch werden sie durch den Achsabstand der Doppelschnecken sowie den Durchmesser und die verfahrenstechnische Länge charakterisiert. Der Antrieb erfolgt über ein Reduzier- und ein Verteilgetriebe. In der Regel sind in dem Doppelschneckenzylinder an einer oder an zwei Positionen Öffnungen zur Entgasung vorgesehen.It is state of the art that for processing of mixtures of plastic and natural fibers as processing machines usually typical plastic processing machines with screws and Cylinders are used. Screws for processing thermoplastic Plastics are designed so that they differ along the length of the screw Geometry zones exist. It will be between single and twin screws distinguished. Twin screws ensure a very high pressure build-up and, unlike single screws, are extremely rigid. closely intermeshing, opposing Twin screws work like a pump. The twin screws are guided in a twin-screw cylinder. Process engineering by the center distance of the twin screws and the diameter and the procedural length characterized. It is driven by a reduction gear and a distribution gear. As a rule, in the twin-screw barrel are on or on two positions openings intended for degassing.
Hauptanforderung einer jeden Anlagenauslegung für den Einsatz einer Mischung von Kunststoff und Naturfasern ist es, die Schneckengeometrien so zu gestalten, daß zum einen ein großer Durchsatz gefahren und zum anderen eine möglichst weite Mischungsbandbreite verarbeitet werden kann. Da Holz sehr temperaturempfindlich ist, sollte die Temperatur der Masse am Austritt des Extruders möglichst gering sein. Dabei spielt die Homogenität der Temperatur ebenfalls eine wichtige Rolle. Einer der wesentlichen Punkte des Extruders sollte es sein, Feuchtigkeit während der Verarbeitung durch Entgasungsöffnungen im Zylinder aus der Mischung herauszuziehen.Main requirement of every system design for the It is the use of a mixture of plastic and natural fibers that To design screw geometries so that, on the one hand, a high throughput is achieved and on the other one if possible wide range of mixtures can be processed. Because wood very much is temperature sensitive, the temperature of the mass should exit of the extruder if possible be small. The homogeneity of the temperature also plays a role here an important role. One of the essential points of the extruder it should be moisture during the processing through degassing openings in the cylinder from the Pull out mixture.
Die erfinderische Aufgabe ist es, Kunststoffverarbeitungsmaschinen, insbesondere gegenläufige Doppelschnecken so zu gestalten, daß ohne vorzutrocknen, Naturfaserprodukte in Kunststoffe eingemischt werden können. Während dieses Verarbeitungsprozesses soll die Feuchtigkeit entzogen werden und der Kunststoff mit den Naturfasern vermischt, plastifiziert und homogen bei niedrigen Temperaturen ausgetragen werden.The inventive task is Plastic processing machines, especially counter rotating twin screws to be designed so that without pre-dry, natural fiber products are mixed into plastics can. While this processing process is designed to remove moisture and the plastic mixed with the natural fibers, plasticized and be carried out homogeneously at low temperatures.
Die erfinderische Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß entlang der Schneckenlänge eine Vielzahl von Kompressions- und Dekompressionsvorgängen der Kunststoffmischung stattfinden. In dem Dekompressionsbereich wird Vakuum angelegt und damit Feuchtigkeit aus den Naturfasern bzw. der Mischung entzogen.The inventive object is achieved in that a plurality of compression and decompression processes of the plastic mixture take place along the screw length. In the decomp vacuum is created in the working area and moisture is extracted from the natural fibers or the mixture.
Im folgenden sei an einem Beispiel die konkrete Vorrichtung bzw. das Verfahren beschrieben.
- 1) Der Rohstoff aus Naturfasern und Kunststoffen wird in einem Vormischer gemischt bzw. separat in einem Trichter zusammengeführt.
- 2) In dem Trichter ist ein Rührwerk vorhanden, daß zur Vermischung/Homogenisierung dient und Probleme mit der Materialrieselfähigkeit kompensiert.
- 3) Im Auslaufbereich des Trichters ist vertikal eine Stopfschnecke montiert, die das Kunststoff Naturfaser-Gemisch in den Doppelschneckeneinzug hineinpreßt. Entsprechend der Stopfschneckendrehzahl wird der Einlaufbereich der Doppelschnecke mehr oder weniger gefüllt.
- 4) Das Volumen aus dem Einzugsbeieich der Doppelschnecke wird in einen Vorwärmbereich transportiert. Dieser ist, ebenso wie der gesamte Zylinderbereich, mit entsprechenden Heizungen versehen. Durch entsprechende Temperatureinstellung und durch einen geringen Anteil an Friktion wird das Material aufgeheizt.
- 5) Dieses aufgeheizte Material wird komprimiert. Dadurch wird Wasser aus den Fasern selber bzw. aus den Zwischenräumen herausgepreßt. Die Kompression ist gleichzeitig mit einer zusätzlichen Aufwärmung des Materials verbunden.
- 6) Nach der Kompression erfolgt eine Dekompression, wobei die Volumenänderung durch Änderungen der Geometrien der Schnecken erzeugt werden. In dieser Dekompressionszone wird Wasserdampf frei und kann in einer sphärischen Entgasung oder dem hier angelegten Vakuum abtransportiert werden.
- 7) Dieser Vorgang der Kompression und Dekompression erfolgt mindestens fünfmal entlang der Schneckenlänge, wobei mindestens viermal ein Vakuum angelegt wird. In Einzelfällen können auch mehr als acht Entgasungen aufgebaut werden.
- 8) Der verfahrens- bzw. vorrichtungsspezifische Aufbau garantiert durch seine Anordnung, daß in der letzten Entgasungszone in der Regel kein Wasserdampf mehr vorliegt und diese Zone nur als Sicherheitszone angesehen wird.
- 9) Nach der letzten Dekompressionszone erfolgt eine Kurzkompression des Materials und danach wird mit dem Material Druck aufgebaut, um es durch eine Düse zu pressen. Die Kurzkompression dient zusätzlich zur Vermischung der Materialien.
- 1) The raw material from natural fibers and plastics is mixed in a pre-mixer or brought together separately in a funnel.
- 2) In the funnel there is an agitator that serves for mixing / homogenization and compensates for problems with the material trickling ability.
- 3) A stuffing screw is installed vertically in the discharge area of the funnel, which presses the plastic / natural fiber mixture into the double screw feed. Depending on the stuffing screw speed, the inlet area of the twin screw is more or less filled.
- 4) The volume from the intake area of the twin screw is transported to a preheating area. Like the entire cylinder area, this is equipped with appropriate heaters. The material is heated up by appropriate temperature setting and a small amount of friction.
- 5) This heated material is compressed. As a result, water is squeezed out of the fibers themselves or from the gaps. Compression is also associated with additional warming up of the material.
- 6) After compression, decompression takes place, the volume change being generated by changing the geometries of the screws. In this decompression zone, water vapor is released and can be removed in a spherical degassing or the vacuum created here.
- 7) This compression and decompression process takes place at least five times along the length of the screw, with a vacuum being applied at least four times. In individual cases, more than eight degassings can be built up.
- 8) The process- or device-specific structure guarantees through its arrangement that there is generally no more water vapor in the last degassing zone and this zone is only regarded as a safety zone.
- 9) After the last decompression zone, the material is compressed briefly and then pressure is built up with the material in order to press it through a nozzle. The short compression also serves to mix the materials.
Erfahrungen haben gezeigt, daß mit diesem Prinzip in den einzelnen Entgasungszonen 0,4 – 0,9 % der Feuchtigkeit aus einzelnen Naturfasersystemen herausgezogen werden kann. In der praktischen Anordnung ergibt sich hiermit ein sehr großes Dampfvolumen in den einzelnen Entgasungszonen. Daher werden, sehr groß dimensionierte in der Kunststoffverarbeitung nicht übliche, Entgasungsdome benötigt. Die Form der Dome ähnelt Luftfeststoffabscheidern, wobei diese Funktion auch übernommen werden muß. Die Hö he des Vakuums kann sehr gering gehalten werden, wobei die abzuführende Luftmenge sehr groß ist.Experience has shown that with this principle 0.4 - 0.9% of the moisture in the individual degassing zones individual natural fiber systems can be pulled out. In the practical arrangement this results in a very large volume of steam in the individual Degassing zones. Therefore, very large dimensions in plastics processing not usual, Degassing dome required. The shape of the dome resembles Air solids separators, this function also being taken over must become. The height The vacuum can be kept very low, with the amount of air to be removed is very large.
Der Trichter ist in der Regel mit einem Stopfwerk versehen. Dies Stopfwerk regelt den Füllgrad bzw. die Füllmenge in dem Einzugsvolumen der Doppelschnecke. Entsprechend der Füllmenge im Einzugsvolumen der Doppelschnecke erfolgt eine Materialkompression in den einzelnen Kompressionszonen. Diese Materialkompression in ihrer Höhe ist verantwortlich für das Abdichten der einzelnen „Vakuumzonen" untereinander, ebenso wie für den Grad des Auspressens des Wassers bzw. des Aufheizens in den Kompressionszonen. Die Erfahrung hat gezeigt, daß eine Regelung zur Konstanthaltung des Drehmoments der Hauptschnecke unter Einbeziehung der Stellgröße Drehzahl oder Drehmoment der Stopfschnecke einen konstanten Betrieb erlaubt. Dies ist insbesondere von Vorteil, wenn durch den Einsatz der teilweise unterschiedlich vorliegenden Naturfasern bzw. unterschiedlichen Feuchtigkeitsgrade, Materialschwankungen den Prozeß instabil beeinträchtigen.The funnel is usually with a darning. This tamping unit regulates the degree of filling or the filling quantity in the feed volume of the twin screw. According to the filling quantity Material compression occurs in the intake volume of the twin screw in the individual compression zones. This material compression in their height is responsible for the sealing of the individual "vacuum zones" with each other, as well as for the degree of squeezing out the water or heating up in the Compression zones. Experience has shown that a regulation for keeping constant of the torque of the main screw, including the manipulated variable speed or torque of the stuffing screw allows constant operation. This is particularly beneficial when using the partial different natural fibers or different Moisture levels, material fluctuations make the process unstable affect.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10324625A DE10324625A1 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2003-05-28 | Twin screw extruder for processing mixtures of plastics and natural fibers has screw profile for repeated compression and relaxation along the screw length and vacuum evacuation |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10261714 | 2002-12-30 | ||
DE10261714.7 | 2002-12-30 | ||
DE10324625A DE10324625A1 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2003-05-28 | Twin screw extruder for processing mixtures of plastics and natural fibers has screw profile for repeated compression and relaxation along the screw length and vacuum evacuation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE10324625A1 true DE10324625A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE10324625A Withdrawn DE10324625A1 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2003-05-28 | Twin screw extruder for processing mixtures of plastics and natural fibers has screw profile for repeated compression and relaxation along the screw length and vacuum evacuation |
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DE (1) | DE10324625A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004035260A1 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-03-16 | Pallmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co Kg | Apparatus and method for producing pellets, pellets, compounds, composites, agglomerates, granules and the like |
DE102012208647A1 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-11-28 | Thilo Lehmann | Extruder useful for substrates of organic raw materials, comprises e.g. twin screw coupled to synchronous drives and inlet, first module for substrate collection, and combination of second and third module for generating counter pressure |
CN106956416A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-07-18 | 浙江凯阳新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of film-extruding apparatus |
US9939197B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2018-04-10 | Calaeris Energy + Environment Ltd. | Turbulent vacuum thermal separation methods and systems |
-
2003
- 2003-05-28 DE DE10324625A patent/DE10324625A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004035260A1 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-03-16 | Pallmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co Kg | Apparatus and method for producing pellets, pellets, compounds, composites, agglomerates, granules and the like |
DE102004035260B4 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2011-06-01 | Pallmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co Kg | Apparatus and method for producing pellets, pellets, compounds, composites, agglomerates, granules and the like |
DE102012208647A1 (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-11-28 | Thilo Lehmann | Extruder useful for substrates of organic raw materials, comprises e.g. twin screw coupled to synchronous drives and inlet, first module for substrate collection, and combination of second and third module for generating counter pressure |
US9939197B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2018-04-10 | Calaeris Energy + Environment Ltd. | Turbulent vacuum thermal separation methods and systems |
CN106956416A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-07-18 | 浙江凯阳新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of film-extruding apparatus |
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