DE10318715A1 - Security feature and document with security feature as well as methods for producing and attaching the security feature to a document and method for checking the authenticity of the document - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a security feature comprising an information structure (27, 45, 97, 107), disposed along a lateral extension (25, 49, 65, 83, 99, 109) of the feature (21, 41, 91, 101), and an optically effective reproduction structure (29, 43, 50, 60, 70, 80a, 80b, 95, 105) by means of which information (94, 115) of the information structure (27, 45, 97, 107) can be read out subject to a predetermined condition. The inventive security feature (21, 41, 91, 101) is also characterized in that the reproduction structure (29, 43, 50, 60, 70, 80a, 80b, 95, 105) is configured by a plurality of optical wave guide elements (37, 46, 51a, 51b, 51c, 61, 71, 81a, 81b, 96, 111), one optical wave guide element (37, 46, 51 a, 51 b, 51 c, 61, 71, 81a, 81b, 96, 111) extending between an end facing the information structure (27, 45, 97, 107) and an end facing away from the information structure (27, 45, 97, 107) and forms along its extension a finite angle ( epsilon ) with respect to the lateral extension (25, 49, 65, 83, 99, 109) to define the predetermined condition. The invention also relates to a document (20, 40, 90, 100) which comprises such a security feature (21, 41, 91, 101), to a method for producing the security feature and to a corresponding document, as well as to a method for checking authenticity of the document.

Description

The The invention relates to a security feature having a along a lateral extension of the feature arranged information structure and an optically effective mapping structure, by means of which information the information structure depending a predetermined condition can be read out. The invention relates also a document with the security feature. Further concerns the Invention a method for producing the security feature, being a carrier is provided and along a lateral extent the carrier one Information structure is applied that is used to hold information is suitable, and on the information structure an optically effective Mapping structure is applied, by means of which information the information structure depending a predetermined condition can be read out. Such a security feature is attached to a document in a suitable manner. Furthermore The invention relates to a method for checking the authenticity of the Document.

A security feature can be implemented in a particularly simple manner by means of a so-called “tilt image”, which is also known under the abbreviations “MLI” or “CLI” for “laser image” (English). Such a tilt image generally has a lens structure along its lateral extent as an optically effective imaging structure and is realized with an information structure stored in the lens structure. In different viewing directions, depending on the design of the tilt image, an image is visible or not visible or only to a very limited extent. Such tilting pictures are, for example, attached to plastic cards and identification papers as a security feature. Flip pictures can also be found on postcards. The advantage lies in the fact that the tilting pictures can be checked visually in a relatively simple manner, which is given even under simple lighting conditions. Such a tilt picture is for example in the EP 0 219 012 A2 disclosed.

Like in the EP 0 216 947 A1 disclosed, additional relief lenses can be provided to increase the security against counterfeiting.

Tilt images of the type mentioned can be created using different materials, for example as in the DE 100 07 916 A1 revealed, realize.

The Motif change described above when tilting the document on the the tilt image is located, is usually realized using microlenses. Other forms of realization can be holograms or thin, be multi-reflective layers for iridescent effects. In any case, it is a matter of diffractive structures assemble one or more layers in a lateral extent. The lateral optically effective and diffractive boundary layers are used for this Mapping of the information stored in the information structure and at the same time the creation of a variability when considering or when reading out the stored information. That way comes the change of motif to state. Such light diffractive, refractive or boundary layers with a simply reflective effect are all parallel arranged for the lateral expansion of the security feature.

This also applies to the gratings or diffraction structures of WO 02/11063 A2, in which the effect can also be non-visual and the reading and reading in of the information is laser-assisted, possibly in the invisible area of the light. Such an invisible and inconspicuously hidden security feature is, for example, from the DE 3 233 197 A1 known.

The simple nature of such tilting images, which are realized by means of optically active boundary layers arranged parallel to the lateral extent, also has the disadvantage that they are relatively easy to forge. For example, the lens structures of the type mentioned above are relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. A lens or diffraction structure of the type mentioned above has a certain surface roughness, which can wear off and lead to a change in the appearance of the security feature, which in the worst case can lead to watering down or a deterioration in the detectability of the security feature. Tilting pictures of the type mentioned above can therefore be easily damaged and reproduced, because the security deposit is usually only in the stored motif in combination with the tilting effect, even if an additional relief according to the EP 0 216 947 A1 is provided or the security feature itself according to the DE 3 233 197 A1 is hidden.

It would be desirable, to provide a security feature that provides increased security has, d. H. a security feature that improves counterfeit security having.

This is where the invention comes in, the task of which is to provide a security feature and a document with such a security feature that permits increased security, which is brought about in particular by increased robustness and variability. Similarly, such a task arises in a method for producing the Security feature and in a method of attaching the security feature to the document. The object of the present invention is also to specify a method for checking the authenticity of the document.

Regarding the security feature, the object is achieved by the invention by means of a security feature of the type mentioned at the beginning, in the case of the invention
the imaging structure is formed by means of a number of light guide elements, wherein
an optical waveguide element extends between an end facing the information structure and an end facing away from the information structure and forms a finite angle to the lateral extent along its extension for specifying the predetermined condition.

The Invention is based on the consideration that the optically active boundary layers previously used in tilt images disadvantageously parallel to the lateral extension of a security feature, that is, perpendicular to an optical axis of the imaging structure layer, are arranged and thus limited in their security are. In terms of robustness, they are easy to damage. Regarding variability they only have one degree of freedom due to their geometric alignment.

The Invention has recognized that a security feature can also be used optically effective boundary layers can be realized, which clearly a orientation differing from the lateral extent of the security feature exhibit. It has been found that there are light guide elements in surprising are advantageously suitable for an imaging structure for a security feature to build. This is taken into account the invention the consideration that by means of a sufficient Number of light guide elements are formed an imaging structure can. The optically active boundary layers of the light guide elements act light-guiding, so z. B. by means of total reflection or Multiple reflection, to achieve the optically variable effect, which is a significant difference from the only refractive optically active boundary layers in previously known tilt images accounts. Since a light guide element essentially allows light to pass through only in the direction of an optical axis of a light guide element allowed, or only in a limited conical angular space around this Direction around will be surprising novel optically variable effects can be achieved. About the interaction of the number of light guide elements an improved security provider in terms of robustness and variability Achieve optical effect, its security not only in the information stored in the information structure, but can also lie in the mapping structure itself.

The Invention considered about that beyond the consideration that the predetermined condition, depending on the information the information structure can be read out, the proposed Security feature can vary particularly diverse. In order to is the authenticity verification procedure described below present invention considerably safer than other known methods. The predetermined condition could for example in the form of radiation and / or viewing of the security feature from a defined direction to let. The optically variable effect could, for example, be in Realize the form of a contrast and / or a difference in brightness to let. The predetermined condition and the optical variable effect preferably cooperate in such a way that during an authenticity check, e.g. B. when viewing the information structure, an effect of the change in contrast and / or change in brightness in dependence is recognizable from the viewing angle. This is preferred the appearance or disappearance of one in the information structure included motive reached. A light guide element of the proposed Security feature extends between one of the information structure facing and one end facing away from the information structure and forms along to the predetermined condition its extension a finite angle to the lateral extent. The way such a light guide element between its ends and what angle it is to the lateral Expansion forms, provides a degree of freedom that is special expedient to provide an elevated Security performance of the security feature can be used. To Depending on the application, the arrangement of the light guide elements can be the alignment of the light guide elements to one another and overall, as well as the design of the light guide elements themselves, e.g. B. in terms of material and type. The security feature proposed here thus offers a considerable increased Variability, which can be used with regard to the security deposit. Light guide elements also prove to be due to the fact alone their non-parallel arrangement for the lateral extension of the security feature, than much more robust compared to commonly used, lateral aligned, light-diffractive boundary layers.

In the proposed concept, an optically effective boundary layer is understood to mean any type of boundary layer which is optically effective for electromagnetic waves in the range between the extreme ultraviolet and far infrared. Accordingly, a light guide element in any form, e.g. B. as a light-conducting optical fiber, such as from a suitable glass or polycar bonat, or z. B. also as a suitable waveguide of any kind, for. B. made of metal or as an internally coated micro-holes in a solid material. In principle, a light guide element is to be understood as any type of arrangement of light-conducting boundary layers.

advantageous Further developments of the invention are the subclaims remove and specify advantageous options in particular, in particular the variability or robustness of the proposed security feature.

in the Principle could a light guide element curved as desired and each light guide element the number could arranged, aligned and designed differently. It However, it proves particularly expedient that the light guide element is along its extension is a fixed angle to the lateral extent forms, d. H. runs straight. In particular is the number of light guide elements parallel to each other aligned with a fixed angle to the lateral extent. On leaves this way z. B. a motif as resolvable Play information particularly well.

Especially a fixed angle of 90 ° is preferred. The angle is preferably between 30 ° and 90 °. ever after application could any intermediate angle can be chosen, e.g. B. an angle of 60 °. The information of the information structure can be in the direction of the angle read out particularly well. This means, depending on the choice of the angle, in the case of vertically arranged light guide elements, due to their vertically arranged optically light-conducting boundary layers the high selection quality with a reading direction perpendicular to the lateral extent Able. In the case of oblique arranged light guide elements shifts the particularly good elite quality the information in a direction according to the chosen finite angle, the the light guide elements or their optically active boundary layers form for lateral expansion.

It proves to be particularly advantageous if the number of light guide elements through an optical fiber bundle is formed. In particular, the light guide elements are direct for this arranged adjacent to each other.

The The number of light guide elements could be isolated or as an optical fiber bundle embedded in filler material his. this could a filler material formed by the document material. It is special expedient if the filling material the reflection properties of the boundary layer of a light guide element elevated.

Regarding it shows the preferred extension of a security feature to be particularly useful if the light guide element a length has between 50 microns and is 1000 μm. there In particular, a diameter between 5 μm and 50 μm has proven to be advantageous.

According to one particularly preferred development of the invention can be the security performance of the security feature is considerable increase, by the number of light guide elements in the lateral dimension of the feature relative to each other according to a regular characteristic is arranged. For example a two-dimensional orthogonal or hexagonal geometry can be selected or a fixed, but arbitrary looking arrangement.

there In particular, two variants of the particularly preferred have been found Further training as appropriate. According to one first variant could Characteristic of the mapping structure of the information read out superimposed on the information structure his. That way a selected motif in its selected appearance, next to the motif itself, which was overlaid by the characteristic have optical effects, for example caused by Differences in brightness or contrast.

According to one second variant could the characteristic of the mapping structure the information of the Information structure itself overlaid. This leaves expediently thereby achieve that in the manufacture of the security feature the information through the mapping structure into the information structure be introduced. When it was introduced, it would be characterized by the characteristic effect optical effects on the information structure.

Both above variants provide a security feature at an additional one Security is invisible and inconspicuously hidden, namely given by the characteristic. There are many possibilities by arranging the light guide elements to each other and by different possibilities bringing in and reading out the information. For example could Type and wavelength different light sources or lasers can be used to create a increased Security deposit available to deliver.

For a production of the security feature, it is particularly favorable to house the information structure in a first layer and the optically effective imaging structure in a second layer along the lateral extent. In this way, the two structures could be arranged one above the other in a particularly simple manner as a layer sequence the. It goes without saying that this is not a necessary requirement. In principle, both structures could merge into one another and be delimited as desired.

moreover it turns out to be useful for improvement the imaging properties additional optical imaging elements with lens and / or aperture effect provided. Above all, it proves to be a surrounding information Aperture in the first layer as an additional optical imaging element as beneficial. In this way it can be used especially for visual motives to be perceived provide advantageous shading, which especially make it difficult for the subject to be exposed to light from the side or prevent the visually perceived changes in contrast or brightness to support.

The Invention leads also to a document with a security feature of the type mentioned above. this could be a plastic card or identification paper of any kind, z. B. an ID or ID card, a driver's license or all types of cards, especially from cashless payments such as Credit cards or cash payment cards. With document is below any type of security-enhanced document or object independently designated by its shape, material or use. As information could light emitting, e.g. B. fluorescent substances, motifs, how heavy copyable print samples, personalized information such as pictures, Logos and the like or also characters, letters, numbers and strings of numbers in the information structure be introduced.

The Security feature could preferably on the surface of the document. It turns out according to one preferred embodiment as particularly cheap, if the security feature is housed inside the document is. It is particularly useful if the document is one optically at least in the area of a lateral extension of the security feature has transparent area. So could the security feature for example read from the top of the document, while the security feature from the bottom of the document is appropriate is irradiated. The readout and radiation wavelength must be included do not necessarily match. The optically transparent area is advantageously translucent in the visual wavelength range.

According to the present invention, the object with regard to the method is achieved by a production method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which, according to the invention
the imaging structure is formed in the form of a number of light guide elements, wherein
to specify the predetermined condition, the number of light guide elements is separated from a light guide bundle at a finite cut-off angle to the axis of the light guide bundle, and
the imaging structure is applied to the information structure, a light guide element extending between an end facing the information structure and an end facing away from the information structure, and along its extension forms a finite angle to the lateral extent defined by the separation angle.

The Invention is based on the consideration that an imaging structure with light guide elements is expediently simple Way of a fiber optic bundle cut off or saw off or can be separated or removed in another way and in this way one particularly cheap production of the security feature can take place. Also the characteristics mentioned above a mapping structure can be easily realized. For example could Optical fibers in a fiber bundle already geometrically arranged in a characteristic way his.

According to one particularly preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process, the number of light guide elements is provided in the lateral extent of the feature relative to one another according to a order regular characteristic and the information through the optically effective imaging structure layer to bring it into the information structure layer so that afterwards the characteristic of the mapping structure the information of the Information structure itself overlaid is.

On The security feature described above can be done in any way and attach it to a document, d. H. on the surface of a Apply document or completely or partially inside one To accommodate the document. According to the invention, it turns out to be particularly useful that Security feature according to the manufacturing process described above as such and then attach it to the document. As well could but also a carrier be provided on a document and the security feature according to the manufacturing process described above on the document getting produced.

Furthermore, the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for checking the authenticity of a document of the above-mentioned type with a security feature of the above-mentioned type, in which an optically variable effect is achieved as a function of the predetermined condition, so that the information in the direction of the finite angle of a certain quality and with increasing deviation from the finite angle, the information is read out with changed quality. With this type of security feature, the angle with good readout quality is therefore predetermined by the finite angle which the optically active boundary layer of the light guide element forms with the lateral extent of the security feature. The optically active boundary layers of the light guide elements are aligned non-parallel to the lateral extension.

Advantageous is in the authenticity check with increasing deviation from the finite angle of the optical variable effect such that the information decreases with decreasing Quality, z. B. in terms of contrast and / or brightness, is read out.

The predetermined condition could in principle any convenient by the finite angle or specified by the light guide elements themselves Condition when reading out the security feature. As special it proves useful that the predetermined condition in the form of radiation and / or a viewing of the document from a finite angle defined direction is realized.

As well The optically variable effect can be arbitrary depending on the type of application chosen become. Has proven to be particularly useful it is that the optically variable effect in the form of a contrast and / or difference in brightness is realized.

On embodiment The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. in the The state of the art is also shown for comparison. The Drawing is the exemplary embodiments not necessarily to scale, rather, the drawing, where useful for explanation, is in a more schematic form and / or slightly distorted form. With regard to supplements the teachings immediately recognizable from the drawing are based on the relevant State of the art referenced. It should be borne in mind that diverse modifications and changes regarding form and detail of an embodiment can, without deviating from the general idea of the invention.

preferred embodiments the invention are in connection with a on a plastic card described motif. There is particularly a visual one Reading of the motif provided. In addition, however, can also any different and modified embodiment of the invention is used without departing from the general idea of the invention. The in the above description, in the drawing and in the claims Features of the invention disclosed can be both individually and in any combination for the design of the invention be essential. The general The idea of the invention is not based on the exact form or the detail of the preferred embodiments shown and described below limited or limited to one object, the restricted would be in Comparison to that in the claims claimed subject.

in the The drawing shows the following figures:

1 shows the principle of image formation in a tilt image according to the prior art;

2 shows the principle of the embodiments according to the present invention, in which the imaging structure is formed by means of a number of light guide elements;

3a . 3b . 3c show the effect of an optically active boundary layer in the embodiments of the present invention, the boundary layers for specifying the predetermined condition being arranged at a finite angle to the lateral extent of the security feature;

4 shows a document with a security feature according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;

5 shows a spaced arrangement of light guide elements that can be realized in the embodiments of the present invention;

6 shows a non-right angle arrangement of the light guide elements that can be realized in the embodiments of the present invention;

7 shows a particularly preferred ratio of a length to a diameter of a light guide element, which can be realized in the embodiments according to the invention;

8a . 8b show advantageous characteristics as a geometric arrangement of light guide elements in an imaging structure along the lateral extent of a security feature, which can be realized in the embodiments of the present invention;

9 shows a document with a printed motif and a security feature according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;

10 shows a document with an information structure, comprising information introduced with a laser, an additional screen and a security feature according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention.

1 shows a disk 1 the prior art, in which the principle of image formation in a tilted image is used as a security feature. With this tilt picture 3 is one along a lateral extent 5 of the security feature 3 arranged information structure layer 7 an optically effective imaging structure layer 9 deposited. Both layers 7 and 9 are on a corresponding carrier 11 of the disk 1 , The optically active boundary layers 13 the optically effective imaging structure layer 9 are indicated here as diffraction structures. The optically active boundary layers 13 run parallel to the lateral extent 5 the optically effective imaging structure 9 and therefore also parallel to the lateral extension 5 the ID card 1 itself. The same applies to tilt images, whose optically effective imaging structure layer 9 is formed by means of microlenses or other optically active boundary layers. The in the 1 situations presented as examples 1a and 1b each show a fixed direction of irradiation 15a and 15b one lighting and one direction 17a and 17b , which essentially coincides with the direction of irradiation. Only in these directions 17a and 17b is caused by the optically effective boundary layers 13 the optically effective imaging structure 9 , a picture recognizable. The image is best recognized if the viewing direction matches the direction of incidence 15a and 15b matches. The picture is also still recognizable within the by the directions 17a and 17b strip-shaped angular space described by the irradiation directions 15a and 15b is specified. Outside of such a strip-like angular space, the motif stored in the mapping structure is in the information structure 7 not at all or very difficult to recognize. Different information is usually stored in both directions, so that when the carrier is rotated from one angular area to the next, the viewer receives the impression of a tilting of the image from one item of information to another (“tilting image”).

The “tilt image” principle as such is used for an improved security feature in accordance with the embodiments of the invention presented below, but is implemented completely differently than in the prior art. This results in a completely different effect and significant improvements with regard to an information structure layer 7 and particularly regarding an imaging structure layer 9 , The main principle is that optically effective boundary layers according to the embodiments of the invention are no longer parallel to the lateral extension 5 of the disk 1 are arranged, but in a direction substantially deviating from the lateral extent, that is to say primarily perpendicular to the lateral extent 5 and at an angle to it.

The principle of the embodiments according to the invention is in 2 explained.

2 shows, again in schematic form, a data carrier 20 a first preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the security feature 21 on a support 23 of the data carrier along a lateral extent 25 the same is attached. The security feature has an information structure 27 and an optically effective imaging structure 29 , both in the form of lateral layers, on the optically active boundary layers 31 However, in the embodiments of the invention, they are not parallel to the lateral extent 25 arranged and are in the embodiment of the 2 along one to the lateral extent 25 vertical direction 33 arranged. The optically active boundary layers 31 are formed by light guide elements, which are also along the vertical direction 33 are arranged. This has the completely new effect that one in the information structure 27 deposited motif only from one direction 33 the best way to see which is perpendicular to the lateral extent 25 and thus in the direction of the optically active boundary layers 31 runs. Likewise, the motif is the information structure 27 even within a cone 35 around this direction 33 recognizable, however, the quality of the readability with increasing deviation from the direction 33 decreases. Outside the cone 35 is the motif of the information structure layer 27 only very difficult to recognize or not at all.

In the 3a . 3b and 3c the principle of operation of the light guide elements used in the embodiments of the invention is explained. Such a light guide element 37 within the mapping structure 29 is in the 3a . 3b and 3c shown schematically. There is also a lateral expansion 25 vertical direction 33 indicated in dashed line. The orientation of the light guide element 37 for lateral expansion, this takes place at a finite angle ε that is 90 °. As with the others 6 another angle ε ( 6 ) between the alignment direction 33 of the light guide element 37 and the lateral extent 25 to get voted. To explain the principle of operation of the embodiments of the invention, an angle of 90 ° is chosen for the sake of simplicity. It is also clear that this finite angle can be defined via two solid angles α and β, which are the directions 33 relative to the lateral extent 25 going on determine. Both solid angles .alpha. And .beta. Can be varied as desired in accordance with further embodiments of the invention and thus lead to a wide range of possible uses of the proposed concept.

As in 3a is shown parallel to the direction 33 of the fiber optic element formed here as a fiber 37 incident light 39a not reflected or distracted. In that case one of the mapping structures could be used 29 stored information of the information structure 27 best read out. Deviates the angle γ of the incident light 39b , like in the 3b represented from the direction 33 of the light guide element 37 then there is total reflection 36 at the boundary layer 31 of the light guide element 37 in front. In 3c is shown that with larger deviations 6 from the direction 33 the incident light 39c by refraction 38 at the boundary layer 31 of the light guide element 37 escapes from the light guide element. So in the case of 3c an information of the information structure 27 under the picture structure 29 not readable or difficult to read. That is, at a certain angle between 0 ° 3a and the angle 6 the 3c , for example at the angle γ 3b , the cone should 35 he 2 be described within which the information of the information structure 27 are just still readable, ie there is just total reflection at the angle γ.

The same principle arises in reverse for light coming from the card 20 is emitted, for example in the event that the security feature 21 the map 20 would be irradiated from behind. As a security feature, in the preferred embodiments according to the invention, the effect of a change in brightness or contrast that is visible or otherwise measurable for the user, that is to say an optically variable effect as a function of a predetermined condition, in this case the viewing angle or, in the case of a directional light source to illuminate the data carrier 20 from behind, from the angle of illumination.

In addition to a change in contrast or brightness, the optically variable effect could also result in another change in the appearance of the stored information of the information structure 27 lie. The predetermined condition could not only be in the form of irradiation and / or viewing the data carrier 20 or the lighting of the data carrier 20 be realized, but also in another form. Another form would be, for example, the use of different wavelengths when irradiated with a laser. In that case the properties of a total reflection would 36 and the properties of a refraction 38 with a light guide element used 33 to change. Therefore, the optically variable effect would change depending on the predetermined condition. It could e.g. B. different information at different wavelengths used. Here too there is a wide range of possible variations with regard to the implementation of the security feature 21 in the embodiments of the present invention.

beschreiben. Diese Formel trifft allerdings nur zu, wenn das Grenzmedium zur Lichtleiterfaser 37 einen Brechungsindex no = 1 aufweist, also z. B. bei Luft als Grenzmedium, was bei den vorliegenden Ausführungsformen in der Regel nicht der Fall ist. Die Formel soll das Prinzip der Totalreflexion veranschaulichen. Bei den Ausführungsformen der Erfindung besteht das Grenzmedium entweder aus Dokumentenmaterial oder wahlweise durch geeignetes Füllmaterial, durch das sich die Totalreflexionseigenschaften eines Lichtleiterelements 37 und die Brechungseigenschaften eines Lichtleiterelements 37 an der Grenzschicht 31 derart verändern lassen, dass beispielsweise der Winkel γ, bei dem gerade noch Totalreflexion 36 an der Grenzschicht 31 möglich ist, zweckmäßigerweise besonders groß wird. Des Weiteren können verschiedenste Arten von optischen Fasern verwendet werden. Beispielsweise seien hier nur optische Fasern in ihrer Ausbildung als Stufen oder Gradientenfasern genannt. Üblicherweise würden Multimode-Fasern Anwendung finden. Es spricht jedoch nichts dagegen, auch Singlemode-Fasern zu verwenden. Eine Faser hat üblicherweise einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt.Further implementation options concern the light guide element 37 itself. Here, light guide elements 37 can be realized for example as optical fibers. Both optically visible wavelengths and optically invisible wavelengths in the infrared or ultraviolet range can be used. An optical fiber usually consists of a cladding and a core. The core has a refractive index n ₁ which is greater than the refractive index n _{2 of} the surrounding cladding. This is a condition for total reflection in the optical fiber. This means that the cladding with the refractive index n ₂ is made of an optically thinner medium than the core with the refractive index n ₁ . The limit angle γ can be approximated, just below the total reflection at a boundary layer 31 a light guide element 37 takes place with the formula

describe. However, this formula only applies if the boundary medium to the optical fiber 37 has a refractive index no = 1, e.g. B. with air as the boundary medium, which is usually not the case in the present embodiments. The formula is intended to illustrate the principle of total reflection. In the embodiments of the invention, the boundary medium consists either of document material or, optionally, by means of a suitable filling material, through which the total reflection properties of a light guide element 37 and the refractive properties of a light guide element 37 at the boundary layer 31 can be changed such that, for example, the angle γ at which just total reflection is just still 36 at the boundary layer 31 is possible, expediently becomes particularly large. Various types of optical fibers can also be used. For example, only optical fibers in their design as steps or gradient fibers are mentioned here. Multimode fibers would normally be used. However, there is no reason not to use single-mode fibers. A fiber usually has a circular cross section.

Any other form of optical fiber would also be conceivable. In particular, reference is made to the wide range of usable plastic optical fibers, which are described in detail in the book by Andreas Weinert, "Plastic Optical Fiber, Basic Components, Installation" by the Publicis MCD Verlag from 1998, ISBN no. 3-89578-059-6, which is hereby included in the disclosure of the present application with its disclosure content. Typically, an optical fiber for use in the embodiments of the present invention would be made from materials such as polycarbonate, PMMA (plexiglass), or glass.

For very long waves electromagnetic waves in the μm range would be besides that described plastic waveguides also metallic waveguides to implement the concept of a security feature proposed here in principle possible.

The dimensions that a light guide element should have in the embodiments of the present invention will be discussed with reference to FIGS 7 commented in detail.

In the 4 is another preferred embodiment of a data carrier 40 shown schematically, which is a security feature 41 having. The security feature 41 has an imaging structure formed as a layer 43 and an information structure designed as a layer 45 and a carrier 47 on. In this case, the information structure layer is simply through the boundary layer between the imaging structure layer 43 and carrier 47 educated. This example is intended to clarify that not specific information is necessarily in the information structure 45 must be deposited. It could provide the security deposit solely through the mapping structure 43 are achieved, for example by adding certain characteristics in the mapping structure 43 , which can be accomplished, for example, by arranging, aligning or further designing the mapping structure. This is particularly true with regard to the 8a and 8b still to be explained in detail. Other possible variations with regard to the mapping structure are already based on the 2 and 3a to 3c have been explained. In the present preferred embodiment, the imaging structure layer is along a lateral extent 49 on the disk 40 arranged. The light guide elements 46 are with their boundary layers 48 perpendicular to the lateral extent 49 aligned. Furthermore, they are essentially closely adjacent or abutting one another and arranged parallel to one another. Basically, the close parallel arrangement of all light guide elements is suitable 46 the information of the information structure 45 to be clearly recognizable. In principle, however, an isolated and non-parallel arrangement of light guide elements could also be provided. Likewise, individual groups of closely adjacent and parallel to each other light guide elements could be provided, so that only isolated points or sections of the information structure 45 are visible or readable under a given condition. With the arrangement of the light guide elements 46 according to the embodiment of 4 a situation is given which essentially corresponds to that in 2 described situation corresponds.

In 5 is an optically effective imaging structure designed as a layer 50 with light guide elements 51a . 51b and 51c shown. The light guide elements 51a and 51b touch just as little as the light guide elements 51b and 51c , In the gaps 53 . 55 In this embodiment there is a filler material which has the total reflection and refraction properties of the light guide elements 51a . 51b and 51c according to the based on the 3a to 3c explained principle improved in such a way that the angle γ, at which just total reflection 36 at an interface 31 is possible, is optimized, in this case, is as large as possible.

In the 6 is a further preferred embodiment of an optically effective imaging structure formed as a layer 60 , where the light guide elements 61 with their boundary layers 63 obliquely, ie at a non-perpendicular angle to the lateral extent 65 of the imaging structure layer are arranged. The oblique orientation can, as already with the 3a . 3b and 3c explained by defining solid angles α, β, which in the embodiment of 6 no longer be 90 °. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the optically variable effect, ie a maximum brightness or contrast, shifts in the direction according to the predetermined condition selected here according to the angles α, β 67 , That is, in the case of obliquely arranged light guide elements 61 with their boundary layers 63 stored information of the information structure would no longer be possible with a vertical viewing angle of the data carrier, but would come according to the tilt angle ε of the light guide elements 61 with their boundary layers 63 for lateral expansion 65 , shifted in the direction 67 and within a cone determined by the angle γ of the total reflection 69 conditions.

In the 7 are the dimensions of an imaging structure layer 70 and one in it as a light guide element 71 arranged optical fiber shown. The optical fiber has a length "l" and a diameter "d". The ratio of the length l of the fiber to the diameter d of the fiber should be at least five. However, this does not rule out that smaller ratios can also be appropriate if the application requires it. A diameter d of the fiber between 5 μm and 500 μm typically proves to be advantageous. A length could be between 50 μm and 1000 μm. The imaging structure preferably has 70 a Layer thickness of 100 microns, so that the length l of the fiber is in this area. An imaging structure layer could additionally be a protective layer 73 exhibit. The protective layer 73 could in principle also be omitted, since an optical fiber, in contrast to previously known lateral optically active structures, is very robust against signs of wear and tear and z. B. hardly scratched during normal use.

In the 8a and 8b are different possible arrangements of optical fiber elements designed as optical fibers 81a and 81b each in an imaging structure layer 80a and 80b in a lateral extent 83 shown. The order 85a the 8a corresponds to an orthogonal two-dimensional geometric arrangement. The order 85b the 8b corresponds to a two-dimensional hexagonal geometric arrangement. Any other regular geometric, even non-pattern, arrangement is equally conceivable. In any case, the mapping structure 80a . 80b by arranging the light guide elements 81a . 81b evoked regular characteristic imprinted. If the security feature is designed accordingly, this naturally has an effect on the information that is read out, which is due to the light guide elements 81a . 81b is read out. Specifically, this means that e.g. B. when looking at a stored motif, the geometric arrangement of light guide elements 81a as a regular characteristic of the fiber optic layer 80a . 80b is also shown. In this way, a further characteristic security performance of the security feature according to the embodiments of FIG 8a and 8b made available. Such security deposit may only be possible with aids such. B. recognizable with a magnifying glass and thus not recognizable for untrained people. That is, in the orthogonal arrangement 85a the 8a or with the hexagonal arrangement 85b the 8b the light guide elements 81a and 81b it is an equally concealed and inconspicuous security performance of the respective security feature.

In the embodiments of the 8a and 8b it is also advisable to transfer the information of the information structure by laser engraving. In this case, the regular characteristic 85a . 85b superimposed on the information of the information structure, for example a motif. In this case, the information structure is technically designed so that it is able, for. B. by recording brightness and / or contrast characteristics, the regular characteristic 85a . 85b due to the laser effect in addition to existing information. This has the advantage that the information of the information structure and the mapping structure with their regular characteristics are inseparable from a security point of view and in any case cannot be produced separately and therefore cannot be falsified. The embodiments of the security feature of the 8a and 8b thus provide a particularly forgery-proof security feature.

In 9 is another embodiment of a data carrier 90 with a security feature 91 and a carrier 93 , which is essentially the document on which the security feature is located 91 is shown. The security feature 91 has an imaging structure formed as a layer 95 and an information structure designed as a layer 97 on. All layers are equally along a lateral extent 99 arranged. The light guide elements 96 are with their boundary layers 98 perpendicular to the lateral extent 99 arranged. In the embodiment shown here, the information is 94 executed as a printed motif. Such a motif can be, for example, a photo or other personalized information. Motifs are particularly useful for documents such as check cards, driver's licenses or ID cards.

In 10 is another embodiment of a data carrier 100 with a security feature 101 and a carrier 103 shown schematically. The security feature 101 has an imaging structure formed as a layer 105 and an information structure designed as a layer 107 on. All layers are again parallel to the lateral extent 109 of the disk 100 aligned. The mapping structure 105 has several light guide elements 111 with their boundary layers 113 on. In the embodiment of the 10 there is a side incidence of light on the information 115 the information structure 107 difficult or prevented by additional measures. In this way, visually perceived changes in contrast or brightness are supported. In particular, in this embodiment there is a motif or a name or other personalized information 115 through an aperture surrounding the information on the side 117 foreclosed. Such measures are particularly useful when the information 115 in the information structure layer 107 by laser engraving over the optically effective imaging structure layer 105 is introduced. The screen that acts as a screen 117 itself can also be laser engraved into an information structure layer designed as a laser-active layer 107 contribute.

From the 9 and 10 it also emerges that when a security feature is produced in accordance with one of the previously explained embodiments, the information both before and after a composition of the security feature, from information structure and mapping structure into which information structure can be incorporated. In the 9 is the information 94 already in the information structure 97 present if the information structure layer 97 and the imaging structure layer 95 to the security feature 91 be put together. In contrast, in the embodiment of 10 a "bare" information structure layer 107 with an imaging structure layer 105 brought together. The information 115 is only introduced when the security feature has already been produced or is even on a document or on a carrier 103 a disk 100 located.

In all the embodiments described above, it proves to be particularly advantageous if the light guide elements used in the imaging structure layer are removed from a light guide bundle; for example, they could be sawn off or cut off as a layer. It is irrelevant whether the light guide elements, for example, as in 4 are directly adjacent or such as in 5 spaced from each other are embedded in filler material. It is equally advantageous to produce bundles with or without filling material. Bundles can also be produced in which a characteristic according to the embodiments of FIG 8a or 8b is available. In each of the cases explained, a layer of appropriate thickness can be found, for example using the 7 explained, remove at a perpendicular cutting angle to the elongated axis of the light guide bundle. In this way, an imaging structure layer is obtained directly. This is then applied to an information structure layer such that a light guide element extends between an end facing the information structure layer and an end facing away from the information structure layer. In the embodiment of the production method mentioned here, a perpendicular cutting angle corresponds to a right finite angle of the extension of a light guide element for the lateral expansion of the imaging structure layer, that is to say, for example, an embodiment of the 2 . 4 . 9 or 10 ,

In the event that the layer with light guide elements is removed from a light guide bundle at a different finite intersection angle to the axis of the light guide bundle, the intersection angle would be, for example, as shown in FIG 6 shown, be practically the finite angle ε that a light guide element forms with the lateral extent of an imaging structure layer.

In summary, the present invention relates to a security feature 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 , which has increased security compared to a so-called tilt image. The security feature points to this 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 one along a lateral extent 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 of the feature 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 arranged information structure 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 and an optically effective imaging structure 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 on what information 94 . 115 the information structure 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 can be read out depending on a predetermined condition. With the proposed security feature 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 is also the mapping structure 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 by means of a number of light guide elements 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 formed, with a light guide element 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 between one of the information structure 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 facing and one of the information structure 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 extends away from the end and to specify the predetermined condition along its extent a finite angle ε to the lateral extent 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 forms. A document is corresponding 20 . 40 . 90 . 100 with such a security feature 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 intended. In an intended manufacturing process, the number of light guide elements is used to specify the predetermined condition 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 96 . 111 separated from an optical fiber bundle at a finite separation angle to the axis of the optical fiber bundle, and the finite angle ε to the lateral extent is via the separation angle 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 Are defined. The security feature 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 can either be produced as a whole and then on a document 20 . 40 . 90 . 100 attached or on the document 20 . 40 . 90 . 100 getting produced. When checking the authenticity of such a document, an optically variable effect is achieved depending on the predetermined condition, so that the information is in the direction of the finite angle ε 94 . 115 the information is read out in a predetermined quality and with increasing deviation from the finite angle ε 94 . 115 read out with changed quality.

1

Data medium as per status of the technique

1a, 1b

exemplary situations

3

MLI or CLI flip image

5

lateral expansion

7

Information structure layer

9

Figure structure layer

11

carrier

13

boundary layers

15a, 15b

radiation directions

17a, 17b

directions

20

disk

21

safety feature

23

carrier

25

lateral expansion

27

information structure

29

optical effective mapping structure

31

optical active boundary layers

33

vertical direction

35

cone

36

total reflection

37

Optical fiber element

38

refraction

39a, 39b, 39c

incident light

40

disk

41

safety feature

43

Figure structure

45

information structure

46

Optical fiber elements

47

carrier

48

Boundary layers of the light guide elements 46

49

lateral expansion

50

Figure structure

51a, 51b, 51c

Optical fiber elements

53 55

interspaces

60

Figure structure

61

Optical fiber elements

63

Boundary layers of the light guide elements 61

65

lateral expansion

67

direction

69

cone

70

Figure structure layer

71

Optical fiber element

81a, 81b

optical fiber elements

80a, 80b

Figure structure layer / fiber optic layer

83

lateral expansion

85a

orthogonal Arrangement / regular characteristic

85b

hexagonal Arrangement / regular characteristic

90

disk

91

safety feature

93

carrier

94

information

95

Figure structure

96

Optical fiber elements

97

information structure

98

boundary layers

99

lateral expansion

100

disk

101

safety feature

103

carrier

105

Figure structure

107

Information structure layer

109

lateral expansion

111

Optical fiber elements

113

Boundary layers of the light guide elements 111

115

information

117

cover

α, β

solid angle

γ

critical angle

δ

angle

ε

finite angle

d

diameter an optical fiber

l

Length one optical fiber

n ₁

refractive index of the core

n ₂

refractive index of the surrounding coat

Claims (23)

Security feature ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ), having a along a lateral extent ( 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) of the characteristic ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ) arranged information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) and an optically effective imaging structure ( 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ), by means of which information ( 94 . 115 ) the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) can be read out depending on a predetermined condition, characterized in that the imaging structure ( 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ) by means of a number of light guide elements ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) is formed, with a light guide element ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) between one of the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) facing and one of the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) facing away from the end, and for specifying the predetermined condition along its extent a finite angle (ε) to the lateral extent ( 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) forms. Security feature according to claim 1, characterized in that the light guide element ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) along its extent a fixed angle (ε) to the lateral extension ( 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) forms. Security feature according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the number of light guide elements ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) parallel to each other with a fixed angle (ε) to the lateral extension ( 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) is aligned. Security feature according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the angle (ε) is between 30 ° and 90 °. Security feature according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the number of light guide elements ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) is formed by an optical fiber bundle. Security feature according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the number of light guide elements ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) is embedded in the filler material, the filler material being replaced by a document material and / or by the reflective properties of a boundary layer ( 48 . 63 . 113 ) a light guide element ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) increasing material is formed. Security feature according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the light guide element ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) has a length (l) that is between 50 μm and 1000 μm. Security feature according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the light guide element ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) has a diameter (d) that is between 5 μm and 50 μm. Security feature according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the number of light guide elements ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) in the lateral extent ( 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) of the characteristic ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ) relative to each other, according to a regular characteristic ( 85a . 85b ) is arranged. Security feature according to claim 9, characterized in that the characteristic ( 85a . 85b ) the mapping structure ( 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ) the information read out ( 94 . 115 ) the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) is superimposed. Security feature according to claim 9, characterized in that the characteristic ( 85a . 85b ) the mapping structure ( 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ) the information ( 94 . 115 ) the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) itself is superimposed. Security feature according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) within a first layer and / or the optically effective imaging structure ( 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ) within a second layer along the lateral extent ( 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) is housed. Security feature according to claim 12, characterized in that additional optical imaging elements with lens and / or diaphragm effect are provided, in particular that in the first layer ( 103 ) the information ( 115 ) surrounding aperture ( 117 ) is arranged as an additional optical imaging element. Document ( 20 . 40 . 90 . 100 ) with a security feature ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13. Document according to claim 14, characterized in that the security feature ( 21 . 41 ; 91 . 101 ) is housed at least inside the document. Document according to claim 14 or 15, characterized by an at least in the area of a lateral extension ( 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) of the security feature ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ) optically transparent area. Method of making a security feature ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a carrier ( 23 . 47 . 93 . 103 ) is provided, and along a lateral extent ( 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) on the carrier ( 23 . 47 . 93 . 103 ) an information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) is applied to receive information ( 94 . 115 ) is suitable, and on the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) an optically effective imaging structure ( 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ) is applied by means of which information ( 94 . 115 ) the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) can be read out depending on a predetermined condition, characterized in that the imaging structure ( 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ) in the form of a number of light guide elements ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) is formed, the number of light guide elements (for specifying the predetermined condition 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) is separated from an optical fiber bundle at a finite cutting angle to the axis of the optical fiber bundle, and the imaging structure ( 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ) on the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) is applied, with a light guide element ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) between one of the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) facing and one of the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) facing away from the end, and along its extent a finite angle (ε) to the lateral extension (defined by the separation angle) 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) forms. Method for producing a security feature according to claim 17, characterized in that the number of light guide elements ( 37 . 46 . 51a . 51b . 51c . 61 . 71 . 81a . 81b . 96 . 111 ) in the lateral extent ( 25 . 49 . 65 . 83 . 99 . 109 ) of the characteristic ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ) relative to each other, according to a regular characteristic ( 85a . 85b ) is arranged and the information ( 94 . 115 ) due to the optically effective imaging structure ( 29 . 43 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ) into the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) is introduced so that the characteristic ( 85a . 85b ) the mapping structure ( 29 . 43 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80a . 80b . 95 . 105 ) the information ( 94 . 115 ) the information structure ( 27 . 45 . 97 . 107 ) itself is superimposed. Procedure for applying a security feature ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ) on a document ( 20 . 40 . 90 . 100 ), where either the security feature ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ) is produced according to the manufacturing method according to claim 17 or 18 and as such is based on the document ( 20 . 40 . 90 . 100 ) is attached, or a carrier ( 23 . 47 . 93 . 103 ) on a document ( 20 . 40 . 90 . 100 ) is provided and the security feature ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ) according to the manufacturing method according to claim 17 or 18 on the document ( 20 . 40 . 90 . 100 ) will be produced. Procedure for checking the authenticity of a document ( 20 . 40 . 90 . 100 ) according to one of claims 14 to 16 with a security feature ( 21 . 41 . 91 . 101 ), characterized in that, depending on the predetermined condition, an optically variable effect is achieved, so that in the direction of the finite angle (ε) the information ( 94 . 115 ) are read out in a certain quality and with increasing deviation from the finite angle (ε) the information ( 94 . 115 ) can be read out with changed quality. Method for checking the authenticity according to claim 20, characterized in that with increasing deviation ( 33 . 35 ) from the finite angle (ε) the information ( 94 . 115 ) can be read out with decreasing quality. Method for checking the authenticity according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the predetermined condition in the form of irradiation and / or viewing the document from a direction defined to the finite angle (ε) ( 33 . 35 ) is realized. Authentication method according to one of Claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the optically variable effect in Form of a contrast and / or difference in brightness is realized.