DE10317599A1 - Integrated transceiver used in mobile communication systems has interface circuit with adjustable impedance - Google Patents

Abstract

The integrated circuit transceiver circuit [3] has a receiver inputs [39.1,39.2] coupled to an interfacing network [50.1,...72.4] having an adjustable impedance. A control unit [43] is used to set the operating point of the impedance. The interfacing network has capacitors and inductances coupled to control switches.

Description

The invention relates to an integrated Transceiver circuitry, a method of matching output impedance and a method for matching the input impedance of the integrated Transceiver circuit that has an integrated receiver and additionally preferably has an integrated transmitter. With the help of the integrated Transceiver circuit can over a duplexer and an antenna simultaneously transmit a transmission signal and a reception signal can be received.

Such a transceiver finds for example in the mobile radio area. The transceiver module is usually part of a larger system, for example a mobile device. The The finished module should meet the requirements placed on the entire system fulfill, several factors have to be taken into account. So process spreading scatter in the manufacture of the integrated transceiver circuit in performance of the block. In addition, a change in temperature, a change of the signal level as well as a fluctuation in frequency to undesirable performance degradation in the transceiver circuit. Furthermore, the Aging of the module, tolerances in the placement of the individual Components in the mobile device or in the overall system, tolerances when soldering, housing tolerances and tolerances with the bond wires to fluctuations in the performance of the transceiver module to lead. The influencing factors just mentioned are only examples. This is not a conclusive list of possible interference.

Especially when adjusting the performance in RF (radio frequency) band, but also in baseband and with digital signal processing, the signal path is there most sensitive where the signal is the integrated transceiver circuit leaves or is received by it. The reason for this lies in the above Confounders. When mass production needs hence all of them Tolerances can be kept under control. As a result, the integrated transceiver module can be designed for the worst case must, which is disadvantageous in conventional solutions electricity consumption increases and the yield in series production decreases.

So far, the impedance adjustment at Transceiver circuits mentioned at the beginning with the help of external components for all sorts occurring frequency ranges, process tolerances, signal level fluctuations et cetera.

So far, alternatively, too switchable external components used to the above To compensate for disturbances. Has this solution however, the disadvantage is that the space requirement is due to the entire system the additional external components increases and additional external connections, so-called Pins must be provided on the integrated circuit.

An object of the invention is specify an integrated transceiver circuit in which the disturbing factors mentioned at the beginning can be compensated without increasing electricity consumption and yield production deteriorates.

Another object of the invention is a method of adjusting the transmitter's output impedance an integrated transceiver circuit and a method for Adaptation of the input impedance of the receiver of the integrated transceiver circuit to specify, for which also the disturbing factors mentioned at the beginning can be compensated without increasing electricity consumption and yield production deteriorates.

The task is accomplished through an integrated transceiver circuit with the features according to claim 1, by a method of adjusting the input impedance of a Integrated transceiver circuit with the features according to claim 12 and a method for adapting the output impedance of a Integrated transceiver circuit with the features according to claim 15 solved.

The integrated transceiver circuit according to the invention has a receiver input and an adjustable impedance matching network based on the receiver entrance connected is. In addition, the integrated transceiver circuit has a Control unit on, over which is adjustable the impedance of the matching network.

In the method according to the invention for matching the input impedance of an integrated transceiver circuit is about a control unit integrated in the transceiver circuit controls the impedance of a adjustment network integrated in the transceiver circuit set; which is connected to the input of the transceiver circuit.

In the method according to the invention to adjust the output impedance of an integrated transceiver circuit is about a control unit integrated in the transceiver circuit controls the impedance a matching network integrated in the transceiver circuit set, which with the output of the transceiver circuit connected is.

Advantageously, the for the whole System, such as the mobile device, required area.

Advantageous developments of the invention result from the features specified in the dependent claims.

With a first training of According to the invention, the adaptation network has a capacity which is greater than one controllable switch can be connected to the receiver input. On the controllable switch, the capacity can then be switched on or off, whereby the input impedance of the transceiver circuit can be changed.

In a second training of the integrated according to the invention Transceiver circuit, the matching network has an inductance that over a controllable switch can be connected to the receiver input. With the help of the controllable switch inductivity can be switched on or off the input impedance of the receiver of the transceiver circuit.

In a third training of the integrated according to the invention Transceiver circuit, the matching network has another capacity on that over another controllable. Switch with the receiver input is connectable. This has the advantage of being a finer one Impedance adjustment. possible becomes or the adjustment range in which the impedance is changeable is to be enlarged can.

Advantageously, the integrated Transceiver circuit a differential receiver input with a first input connection and a second input connection on. This has the advantage that faults, the cause of which is integrated Transceiver circuit is blank.

It is also an advantage if the integrated according to the invention Transceiver circuit in the matching network a capacity and / or an inductance and has controllable switches, via which the two input connections can be connected to one another are.

In addition, the integrated according to the invention Transceiver circuit as an inductor in the tuning network Have bonding wire. In this way, an inductor can be integrated Circuit can be easily implemented without space for the inductance on the integrated transceiver circuit is lost.

To solve the problem is also proposed that the control unit of the integrated transceiver circuit via a Bus can connect to external components. So that can the control unit, for example, sensor signals from an external Evaluate the temperature sensor. The status can also be called up via the bus become. Finally can about it but also the control unit can be controlled externally.

The integrated transceiver circuit according to the invention can, according to a further feature of the invention, a microcontroller have as part of the control unit.

In another embodiment According to the invention, the integrated transceiver circuit has one Memory that is connected to the microcontroller. In order to can the correction values generated by the microcontroller are stored in the memory and can be retrieved if necessary.

In an additional embodiment According to the invention, the integrated transceiver circuit has one Transmitter output and a second adjustment network with adjustable Impedance because it is connected to the transmit output. through the control unit is the impedance of the second tuning network adjustable. In addition to the adjustment of the Input impedance in the receiver also the output impedance in the transmitter of the transceiver circuit be adapted to the requirements.

In a further development of the method according to the invention the impedance is adjusted via the control unit to adjust the input impedance of the adaptation network set by the receiving frequency. For example, the Number of capacities connected to the input port reduced if the reception frequency increases.

In a second training of the inventive method the impedance is adjusted via the control unit to adjust the input impedance of the adaptation network set by the temperature. Thus, temperature-related Power fluctuations in the transceiver circuit can be compensated.

In a first training of the inventive method the impedance is adjusted via the control unit to adjust the output impedance of the adaptation network set by the transmission frequency.

In a second training of the inventive method the impedance is adjusted via the control unit to adjust the output impedance of the adaptation network set by the temperature. So can. the efficiency of the transmitter are decoupled from the temperature.

Finally, in the method according to the invention to adjust the output impedance, the control unit using the data stored in memory the impedance of the matching network to adjust. In this way, a high degree of flexibility and a wide range of uses for the integrated transceiver circuit reached.

In the following the invention with several embodiments further explained with reference to a figure.

The figure shows in the form of a block diagram the basic structure of an embodiment of the integrated transcei according to the invention verschaltkreises.

The block diagram in 1 shows the basic structure of the integrated transceiver circuit according to the invention in a possible embodiment. The integrated transceiver circuit 3 has a reference frequency input 32 with which an external crystal oscillator 24 connected is. Via the external crystal oscillator 24 a reference signal with a reference frequency is generated which has a high frequency stability. The reference frequency input 32 is with the input of a first phase locked loop 19 , which is also referred to as a phase locked loop (PLL), and the input of a second phase locked loop 20 connected. The first phase locked loop 19 generated in conjunction with a local oscillator 18 , which is designed as a voltage-controlled oscillator and is also referred to as a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), an extremely stable first internal clock frequency. The voltage controlled oscillator 18 clock frequency generated is via a first frequency divider 12 , which divides the clock frequency by the factor K, to the two inputs of an IQ mixer unit 11.1 and 11.2 guided. In the present case the factor is K = 2. The factor K is basically a value taken from the set of natural numbers: one at the differential receiver input 39.1 . 39.2 of the integrated transceiver circuit 3 applied receive signal RX, which from an antenna 2 received and via a duplexer 1 to the receiver entrance 39.1 . 39.2 was led, is via a receiving amplifier 10 amplified and to the two mixer inputs of the IQ mixer 11.1 and 11.2 guided. With the help of the IQ mixer 11.1 . 11.2 the amplified received signal RX is mixed with the internal clock signal divided by the factor K and via a first low-pass filter 13.1 or a second low pass filter 13.2 to the inputs of an analog-digital converter unit 14.1 and 14.2 guided. The analog-digital converter unit has two analog-digital converters 14.1 and 14.2 on whose control inputs for the scanning signal with the input 32 are connected for the reference frequency. The at the outputs of the two analog-digital converters 14.1 and 14.2 If necessary, mixed down digital reception signals can be further processed by means of a digital signal processing unit, not shown. The in-phase and the quadrature signal component of the received signal RX are available as digital received signal components at the two digital receiver outputs 33 respectively. 34 of the integrated transceiver circuit 3 to disposal.

The voltage controlled oscillator 18 can for example generate a clock signal with a frequency of 4 GHz when using the transceiver in a CDMA system, which then with the 1: K frequency divider 12 is divided down to the required frequency.

The signal lines are for better interference suppression partly designed as differential lines.

The transmission path of the integrated transceiver module 3 has two digital differential inputs 35.1 . 35.2 and 38.1 . 38.2 for applying a transmission signal present in the baseband. This is via two low pass filters 30.1 and 30.2 to the inputs of two mixers 28.1 and 28.2 a modulator 28.1 . 28.2 . 27 guided. That from the local oscillator 21 in connection with the phase locked loop 20 Internal clock signal is generated by a 1: L frequency divider 29 divided and to the other two inputs of the two mixers 28.1 and 28.2 guided. The 1: L frequency divider divides the frequency by an integer value L, in the present case by 2. That of the mixer 28.1 generated in-phase signal component, which has no phase shift, is by means of an adder 27 to that through the mixer 28.2 generated quadrature signal component, which is 90 ° out of phase, added and to an internal transmitter amplifier 26 guided with programmable gain. The amplified transmit signal Tx is then at the differential transmit signal output 40.1 . 40.2 of the integrated transceiver module 3 tapped. Via an external transmit power amplifier 25 it can then be reinforced using the duplexer 1 on the antenna 2 be performed.

The two differential output lines of the transmission amplifier are in the transmission path 26 with an adaptation network that has a number of capacities 52.1 to 53.3 , Inductors 61.1 to 61.3 and controllable switches 73.1 to 75.4 has connected. The controllable switches 73.1 to 75.4 , which can be designed as CMOS transistors, are each with their control input with a microcontroller 43 connected. Thus, with the help of the microcontroller 43 via the controllable switches 73.1 to 75.4 the individual capacitors and inductors on the one hand with the output lines of the transmitter amplifier 26 and on the other hand are connected to a reference potential GND. You can also use the controllable switches 70.2 to 72.3 , the capacitors and the inductors also the two output lines 40.1 . 40.2 be connected to each other. To control a total of twelve controllable switches 73.1 to 75.4 a total of nine control lines are provided, the six controllable switches 73.2 to 75.3 can be controlled via only three control lines, with two of the controllable switches being controlled simultaneously. This has the advantage that there are fewer control lines overall between the microcontroller 43 and the controllable switches 73.1 to 75.4 required are.

The number of capacitors and inductors required depends on the external conditions and the space available on the integrated circuit. Instead of the six capacities shown in the figure 52.1 to 53.3 Kings In another exemplary embodiment, nine or twelve capacities can also be used. Their connection corresponds in principle to the embodiment shown in the figure.

Instead of the connection shown of capacities can these also in series or in a combination of a series and parallel connection.

The formation of inductors 61.1 and 61.3 also depends on the application and the space available on the integrated circuit. One way to train these inductors 61.1 and 61.3 consists, for example, of forming these as bonding wires, that is to say as contacting wires. Their inductance is then, for example, approximately 1 nH. With inductors designed in this way, the space required on the integrated circuit is kept small.

The inductors can be connected in parallel or in series be or in a combination of series and parallel connection.

The differential inputs of the receiver 39.1 and 39.2 in the integrated transceiver circuit are, as shown in the figure, via an adaptation network, which the capacities 50.1 to 51.3 , the inductors 60.1 to 60.3 and the controllable switches 70.1 to 72.4 has connected. In principle, the same applies to this adaptation network as to the first adaptation network already mentioned in the transmission path.

The adaptation network for the transmission path and the adaptation network for the reception path are advantageously separate from one another via the microcontroller 43 controllable. The microcontroller 43 is also with a memory 44 connected, in which he can store the necessary data and call it up again if necessary. To determine which of the controllable switches 70.1 to 75.4 The microcontroller should open or close 43 various parameters, for example the temperature, which can be measured using a temperature sensor 45 can be recorded, or the transmission or reception frequency used. For example, in the event that the integrated transceiver circuit for a GSM system is operated at 900 MHz, the adaptation network for the transmission path and the adaptation network for the reception path can be subjected to a first impedance, and when using the integrated transceiver circuit for a system that operates at 1.8 GHz works with a second impedance. Basically, the higher the frequencies, the less capacities are available via the controllable switches with the receive and transmit lines of the integrated transceiver circuit 3 connected.

By using the first adaptation network for the Reception path and the second adaptation network for the transmission path is also the flexibility and adaptability of the integrated transceiver circuit improved during development.

The integrated transceiver circuit 3 is so flexible due to the adaptation networks that it easily compensates for variations during the manufacturing process, temperature fluctuations, fluctuations in the signal level, frequency fluctuations, aging effects, tolerances when placing the components in the overall system, soldering tolerances, housing tolerances, bonding wire tolerances, etc. can be.

In addition, the proposed solution the number of external components required significantly. Some of them, for example the inductors, can be directly on the board to be printed. Another advantage is that due to the reduced tolerances the power consumption is reduced. moreover is a design of the integrated circuit for the worst Operating case no longer required. Finally, this can also result in changes already in the design of the integrated circuit very advanced stage without being made new design of the board is required.

The activation or deactivation of the individual Adaptation components, i.e. inductors and capacitors, depends on different use cases from. The controllable adjustment enables the compensation of internal circuit tolerances, which are caused by process tolerances, Temperature changes, Aging effects, frequency changes and different input and Output levels in the receive or transmit path are conditional. Also are through internal adaptability external switching tolerances, due to process tolerances, temperature fluctuations, Aging effects, frequency changes and different input and output signal levels possible. Furthermore can Löttoleranzen, Placement tolerances and bonding wire tolerances with the adjustment the input and output impedances can be compensated. With help The adjustable impedance in the integrated circuit can be used for different circuits Frequencies / frequency bands to be used. You can also so that different input and / or output impedances are generated. Furthermore, the RF parameters such as output power, Efficiency, gain and noise behavior of the integrated circuit by an internal or optimize external calibration. For example, external inductors can be printed on the board and board tolerances can be compensate with the help of the integrated adaptation network.

In alternative embodiments, the first and the second matching network can also contain ohmic components, for example in the form of ohmic resistors, which can be obtained with the aid of the Microcontrollers 43 have it switched on or off. The two matching networks can also be expanded by serial matching components in the form of additional capacitors, inductors or resistors that can be connected in series. The connection or disconnection can also be carried out by shunt components. Furthermore, the switchover can take place via an input and an output interface of the integrated circuit.

The use of an integrated Adaptation network is not on a transmitter block and / or one Receive module limited, but can also for integrated frequency synthesizer circuits are used. With Help from the adaptation network the frequency range of the low-noise amplifier, which is also called Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is set. But also the Input impedance and output impedance as well as the frequency range of the power amplifier can be adjusted using the integrated adjustment network. Furthermore, with the help of the integrated adaptation network Reflection in the clock line and the frequency range of the integrated Filters adjustable. Also an adaptation of the PLL loop filter is possible with the help of the integrated adaptation network. moreover is an adaptation of the frequency response in a multifrequency band system possible. Finally can with the help of the integrated adaptation networks also the problems in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) through the adjustment the signal rise and fall times are reduced.

The previous description of the embodiments according to the present Invention serves only for illustrative purposes and not for the purpose the restriction the invention. Various changes are within the scope of the invention and modifications possible, without departing from the scope of the invention and its equivalents.

1

duplexer

2

antenna

3

transceiver module

10

input amplifier

11.1

mixer

11.2

mixer

12

1 / K divider

13.1

Low Pass Filter

13.2

Low Pass Filter

14.1

Analog to digital converter

14.2

Analog to digital converter

18

Voltage controlled oscillator

19

Phase-locked loop

20

Phase-locked loop

21

Voltage controlled oscillator

24

external oscillator

25

external amplifier

26

transmission amplifier

27

summing

28.1

mixer

28.2

mixer

29

1 / L divider

30.1

Low Pass Filter

30.2

Low Pass Filter

32

Reference frequency input

33

digital receiver output

34

digital receiver output

35.1, 35.2

transmitter input

38.1, 28.2

transmitter input

39.1, 39.2

receiver input

40.1, 40.2

transmitter output

43

microcontrollers

44

Storage

45

temperature sensor

46

bus

50.1 - 53.3

capacities

60.1 - 61.3

inductors

70.1 - 75.4

controllable switch

GND

reference potential

RX

receive signal

TX

send signal

Claims (18)

Integrated transceiver circuit with a receiver input ( 39.1 . 39.2 ), with an adaptation network ( 50.1 , ... 72.4 ) with adjustable impedance that matches the receiver input ( 39.1 . 39.2 ) is connected, and with a control unit ( 43 ), via which the impedance of the tuning network ( 50.1 , ... 72.4 ) is adjustable. Integrated transceiver circuit according to claim 1, in which the matching network ( 50.1 , ... 72.4 ) a capacity ( 50.1 ) which has a controllable switch ( 70.1 ) with the receiver input ( 39.1 ) is connectable. Integrated transceiver circuit according to claim 1 or 2, in which the matching network ( 50.1 , ... 72.4 ) an inductance ( 60.1 ) which has an additional controllable switch ( 72.1 ) with the receiver input ( 39.1 ) is connectable. Integrated transceiver circuit according to claim 2 or 3, in which the matching network ( 50.1 , ... 72.4 ) another capacity ( 51.1 ) which has a further controllable switch ( 71.1 ) with the receiver input ( 39.1 ) is connectable. Integrated transceiver circuit according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the receiver input ( 39 .1, 39.2 ) as a differential receiver input with a first input connection ( 39.1 ) and a second input connector ( 39.2 ) is trained. Integrated transceiver circuit according to Claim 5, in which the matching network has a capacitance and / or an inductance and controllable switches ( 70.2 . 70.3 . 72.2 . 72.3 ), via which the two input connections ( 39.1 . 39.2 ) can be connected to each other. Integrated transceiver circuit according to one of claims 3 to 6, in which a bonding wire the inductance ( 60.1 ) of the voting network. Integrated transceiver circuit according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the control unit ( 43 ) via a bus ( 46 ) with external components ( 45 ) can connect. Integrated transceiver circuit according to one of Claims 1 to 8, in which the control unit ( 43 ) includes a microcontroller. Integrated transceiver circuit according to Claim 9, in which a memory ( 44 ) is provided, which is connected to the microcontroller. Integrated transceiver circuit according to one of Claims 1 to 10, with a transmitter output ( 40.1 . 40.2 ), with a second adaptation network ( 56.1 , ... 75.4 ) with adjustable impedance that matches the transmitter output ( 40.1 . 40.2 ) is connected, in which the control unit ( 43 ) the impedance of the second tuning network ( 56.1 , ... 75.4 ) is adjustable. Method for adapting the input impedance of an integrated transceiver circuit, in which a control unit integrated in the transceiver circuit ( 43 ) the impedance of a matching network integrated in the transceiver circuit ( 50.1 , ... 72.4 ) is set, which with the input ( 39.1 . 39.2 ) of the transceiver circuit is connected. Method according to claim 12, in which the control unit ( 43 ) the impedance of the matching network ( 50.1 , ... 72.4 ) depending on the reception frequency. Method according to claim 12 or 13, in which the control unit ( 43 ) the impedance of the matching network ( 50.1 , ... 72.4 ) depending on the temperature. Method for adapting the output impedance of an integrated transceiver circuit, in which a control unit integrated in the transceiver circuit ( 43 ) the impedance of a matching network integrated in the transceiver circuit ( 52.1 , ... 75.4 ) is set, which with the output ( 40 . 1 . 40.2 ) of the transceiver circuit is connected. Method according to claim 15, in which the control unit ( 43 ) the impedance of the matching network ( 52.1 , ... 75.4 ) depending on the transmission frequency. Method according to claim 15 or 16, in which the control unit ( 43 ) the impedance of the matching network ( 52.1 , ... 75.4 ) depending on the temperature. Method according to one of Claims 15 to 17, in which the control unit ( 43 ) based on the data in the memory ( 44 ) stored data the impedance of the matching network ( 52.1 , ... 75.4 ) sets.