DE10297267T5 - Composites with superabsorbent materials that have a bimodal particle size distribution and methods of making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

absorbent Composite that has a superabsorbent material, wherein the superabsorbent material has superabsorbent particles with a bimodal particle size distribution with big Particles with a mass average particle size of approximately 850 to approximately 1800 μm and small particles with a mass average particle size of about 50 to approximately 200 μm.

Description

AREA OF INVENTION

The The present invention relates to superabsorbent composites Materials and particularly affects composites with superabsorbent Materials that have a bimodal particle size distribution and which show improved fluid uptake and distribution properties.

BACKGROUND THE INVENTION

The Use of water-swelling, essentially water-insoluble absorbent materials, generally called superabsorbent Materials are known in disposable absorbent articles for personal hygiene are well known. Such absorbent materials are used in Generally in absorbent products such as diapers, training pants, adult incontinence products and feminine hygiene products used to improve the absorbency of such Products to increase while reduced the overall size becomes. Such absorbent materials are essentially as a composite of superabsorbent particles (SAP), those in a fibrous matrix, such as a matrix of wood pulp fluff are distributed. A matrix of wood pulp fluff essentially has an absorbency of about 6 g of liquid per gram of fluff. This superabsorbent materials (SAM) exhibit generally an absorbency of at least about 10 g liquid per gram of SAM, better of at least about 20 g of liquid per gram of SAM and frequently up to about 40 g of liquid per gram of SAM. Obviously, the installation of such absorbent materials in personal care products reduce the overall size, while the absorbency of such products increased becomes.

By Capillary action started fluid distribution in the absorbent Material is typically created due to the presence of the superabsorbent Prevents material. The fluid distribution can be improved by diverse physical and functional properties of the superabsorbent Materials are optimized. Modifications of this type usually have however, the fluid absorption behavior (forced flow) of the absorbent core reduced.

It were different particle sizes of the absorbent applied to different properties of composite behavior to improve, such as the uptake and distribution in the composite. There were big ones Particles used to create larger voids when Create swellings to improve the fluid uptake rate; however, these particles adversely affect fluid distribution. Smaller particles were used, smaller ones when swelling cavities to create the capillary action and the rate of fluid distribution to improve. However, no approach could improve the properties of the recording or improve the distribution without negatively impacting the other Property impact.

It there is therefore a need for a composite material with superabsorbent material, the composite material both improved uptake and distribution shows.

OVERVIEW OF THE INVENTION

The The present invention is directed to a superabsorbent Composite with a superabsorbent material (SAM), where the superabsorbent material (SAM) superabsorbent particle with a bimodal particle size distribution contain. The bimodal particle size distribution includes large particles with a mass average particle size of approximately 850 to approximately 1800 μm and small particles with a mass average particle size of about 50 to approximately 200 μm. The bimodal particle size distribution of the superabsorbent particles in the absorbent structure of the present invention an improved fluid distribution caused by capillary action as well as improved fluid absorption of the absorbent core.

In particular contains the absorbent composite of the present invention superabsorbent particles with a total mass average particle size of approximately 60 to 1750 μm. The mass ratio of huge Particles to small particles range from about 90:10 to about 50:50, and the absorbent composite can be from about 20 weight percent to approximately Have 100 weight percent superabsorbent material.

The present invention is also directed to an absorbent composite having a superabsorbent material with a bimodal particle size distribution, the composite being a receptacle time for the third wetting with a liquid of less than about 100 seconds.

The The present invention further relates to an absorbent composite with a super absorbent material that is uniform in the composite is distributed. The composite has an exposure time a third wetting with a liquid of less than 100 Seconds and a third recording time for broken vertical Suck less than about 600 seconds.

The absorbent composite is particularly in disposable products for the personal Care can be used, for example in diapers, training pants, sanitary napkins, panty liners, Incontinence products and in medical products, such as wound dressings, and supply systems.

SHORT DESCRIPTION THE FIGURES

1 Fig. 10 is a graph showing the mass fraction versus particle size dependency for superabsorbent materials used in the present invention.

2 Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a liquid adding device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

at the shares in SAM that are currently used in the absorbent core of diapers (approximately 40%), is that of the superabsorbent material (SAM) when swelling volume taken up a significantly larger proportion than that is taken up by the fibrous material. Although the fibers continues to play an important role in that driven by capillary action Play fluid movement in subsequent fluid wetting can Adjustment of the pack portion of the swollen superabsorbent Particles to maximize the capillary effect to a significantly improved Lead fluid intake. As used herein, the term "pack portion" means the ratio of fixed volume to total volume of the composite.

The present invention solves the task described above by using an absorbent composite with an improved fluid absorption of the absorbent core and an improved fluid distribution initiated by capillary action provided. A uniform distribution of the superabsorbent Material in the absorbent composite is advantageous. In one embodiment of the present invention the improved properties of the absorbent composites of the invention from the application of a SAM, which is a bimodal distribution superabsorbent Particle sizes in the has absorbent core.

It The following terms are used to describe the absorbent composites to describe the present invention. A general definition each term is given below.

As used herein, the term "bimodal" refers to a superabsorbent material with two distinguishable peak values of the curve for the mass fraction versus the particle size for the superabsorbent material. A graph containing the curves of the mass fraction versus the particle size for various SAM's is in 1 shown.

in the As used herein, the term "superabsorbent material" refers to exposure to water swelling, water-insoluble organic or inorganic material that is among the cheapest Conditions more than 15 times a weight in an aqueous Solution, which contains 0.9% by weight sodium chloride.

in the As used herein, the term "uniform distribution" means in relation to that superabsorbent material that the absorbent composite the same amount of superabsorbent material that in all is arranged in three directions of the composite.

Preferably have the absorbent composites of the present invention a super absorbent material in combination with a fibrous Matrix containing one or more types of fibrous material. An explanation the absorbent composite components are given below.

superabsorbent materials

Materials, those for use as the superabsorbent materials of the present Invention are suitable, can natural Materials such as agar, pectin, guar gum and the like; such as contain synthetic materials, such as synthetic hydrogel polymers. Such hydrogel polymers include, without limitation be alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acids, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol, Ethylene maleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl ether, hydroxypropyl cellulose, Polyvinylmorpholione; and polymers and copolymers of vinyl sulfuric acid, polyacrylates, Polyacrylamides, polyvinylpyrridines and the like. To others suitable polymers include hydrolyzed acrylonitrile plug starch, acrylic acid plug starch and isobutylene maleic anhydride copolymers and mixtures thereof. The hydrogel polymers are preferably lightweight cross-linked to make the material essentially water-insoluble do. The cross connection can, for example, by irradiation or caused by covalent, ionic, van der Waals or Hydrogen compounds are caused. The super absorbent Materials can be in any form for use in absorbent Composites are suitable, and can for example be in the form of particles, flakes, beads and the like.

Even though known a wide range of superabsorbent materials the present invention relates in one aspect to the appropriate one Selection of superabsorbent materials to improve the manufacture absorbent composites and absorbent disposable laundry elements to enable. The present invention is directed to a method for a achieve optimal behavior in an absorbent composite, and founds on the discovery that using superabsorbent materials a special bimodal particle size distribution unexpected improvements regarding the combined properties of capillary action show fluid distribution and absorption behavior. More accurate said the absorbent composites of the present invention advantageously contain a superabsorbent material a bimodal particle size distribution, wherein the superabsorbent material is large particles with a mass average particle size of about 850 to approximately 1800 μm and small particles with a mass average particle size of approximately 50 to approximately 200 μm. Preferably contains the superabsorbent material is large particles with a mass average particle size of approximately 1000 up to 16000 μm and small particles with a mass average particle size of about 65 to approximately 150 μm.

A is another advantageous property of the present invention the difference between the mass average particle size of the large particles and the mass average particle size of the small particles within of the absorbent composites of the present invention. Preferably the ratio of Mass average particle size of the large particles to the mass average particle size of the small particles of approximately 4: 1 to about 36: 1st More preferably, the ratio of the mass average particle size of the large particles is sufficient to the mass average particle size of the small particles of approximately 6: 1 to about 25: 1st

In one embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent composite contains a superabsorbent material having a bimodal particle size distribution, the superabsorbent material comprising large particles with a mass median particle size less than about 1200 microns and small particles with a mass median particle size less than about 150 microns, which Difference (d _{I / S} ) between the mass median particle size of the large particles and the mass median particle size of the small particles is greater than approximately 500 μm. In another embodiment, the absorbent composite includes a superabsorbent material with a bimodal particle size distribution, the superabsorbent material having large particles with a mass average particle size less than about 1100 microns and small particles with a mass average particle size less than about 100 microns, the difference (i.e. _{I / S} ) between the mass particle size of the large particles and the mass particle size of the small particles is greater than approximately 900 μm.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the composites of the invention have improved fluid distribution for the following reasons. In composites with high levels of superabsorbent material (ie, more than 30 percent by weight), the volume occupied by the superabsorbent material as it swells becomes significantly larger than that occupied by the fibers. If there is too much space between the particles and the fibers (cavity), the capillary action of the composite system becomes too small to effectively draw fluid into higher areas in the composite. However, if the package size of the swollen superabsorbent particles can be adjusted so as to minimize the amount of void between the swollen superabsorbent particles, the capillary action within the system is preserved, from which there is an improved fluid intake. Surprisingly, it has been found that the composites according to the invention, which show the improved fluid intake, also have an improved fluid absorption.

Consequently it is advantageous that the superabsorbent material is uniform in the absorbent composite is distributed. The super absorbent However, material can over be distributed throughout the absorbent composite or can be within a small, localized area of the absorbent Composite be distributed.

Relationships were recognized between the proportion of void in multi-component systems and the ratio of the smallest and the largest particles in the system. The maximum packing density of the particles in a two-component system can be determined from these relationships. See CC Furnis, Industrial an Engineering Chemistry, Volume 23, No. 9, 1052 to 1058 (1931). The equation used is: Φ = φ 1 + (1-φ 1 ) φ 1 = [(1-ν 1 ) · Ρ 1 ] ÷ [(1 – ν 1 ) · Ρ 1 + ν 1 · (1-ν 2 ) · Ρ 2 ) where ν ₁ and ν _{2 are} the void in a system of particle 1 (ie large particle) and particle 2 (ie small particle); and ρ ₁ and ρ ₂ are the actual specific weights of particles 1 (ie the large particles) and particles 2 (ie the small particles). The value of φ ₁ represents the degree to which the first component, the large particles, is saturated by the second component, the small particles. The weight of the large particles for the densest packing is φ ₁ and the weight of the smallest particles for the densest packing is (1 – φ ₁ ).

each of these sizes divided is given by Φ then the weight fraction of each component for the closest packing. The optimal ratio greater Particles to small particles can then be based on the maximum Packing density of the particles at full saturation can be calculated because at this saturation level the packing density in the structure mainly due to the superabsorbent Material rather than the fibers.

through The calculation described above determined that the absorbent Composites of the present invention advantageously contain superabsorbent material, the mass ratio of "large" particles (the sample the particles that have the larger mass average particle size) to "small" particles (i.e. the particle sample that has the smaller mass average particle size) of approximately 90:10 to about 50:50 is enough. The absorbent composites advantageously contain the present invention superabsorbent material wherein the mass ratio of "large" particles to "small" particles is approximately 90:10 until about 80:20 is enough. Even cheaper contain the absorbent composites of the present invention the superabsorbent material with a mass ratio of "large" particles to "small" particles of approximately 85:15.

Further contain the absorbent composites of the present invention advantageously the bimodal particle size distribution described above and a total weight average particle size of about 60 to approximately 1750 μm. The absorbent composites still advantageously contain the present invention, the bimodal particle size distribution described above and a total weight average particle size of about 800 to approximately 1200 μm. Even more preferably, the absorbent composites contain the present invention advantageously the one described above bimodal particle size distribution and a total weight average particle size of about 900 to approximately 1100 μm.

In one embodiment of the present invention comprises the superabsorbent material a sodium salt with a cross-linked polyacrylic acid. To suitable superabsorbent materials include, without limitation be Dow AFA-177-140 and Drytech 2035, both from Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI are, Favor-SXM-880, available from Stockhausen, Inc., Greensboro, NC, Sanwet IM-632, available from Tomen America, New York, NY, and Hysorb P-7050, available from BASF, Portsmouth, VA.

Fibrous materials

Preferably, the absorbent composites of the present invention contain those previously described written superabsorbent materials in combination with a fiber matrix containing one or more types of fibrous material. The fibrous material that forms the absorbent composites of the present invention can be selected from a variety of materials, including natural fibers, synthetic fibers, and combinations thereof. A number of suitable types of fibers are in the US patent 5,601,542 by Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc., the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The Selection of fibers depends for example, from the intended end use of the completed one absorbent composite. For example, too suitable fibrous materials include, without limitation be natural Fibers, such as wood-free fibers, with cotton fibers and cotton derivatives, Manila hemp, kenaf, saba grass, flax, esparto grass, straw, jute, Hemp, bagasse, milk grass, corn cob and pineapple leaf fibers; and woody fibers, such as those found in deciduous and coniferous trees, including of softwood fibers, such as northern ones and southern Softwood kraft fibers; Hardwood fibers, such as eucalyptus, maple, birch, Aspen or the like. Wood fibers can be highly productive or less productive forms are produced and can be made using any known Processes are unlocked, and contain Kraft, sulfate, Wood pulp, thermomechanical digestion (TMP), chemothermomechanical digestion (CTMP) and bleached chemothermal pulp (BCTMP). In the protected area The present invention also includes recycled fibers. It can any cellulose-forming processes or disintegration processes and bleaching processes can be used.

In same way regenerated cellulose fibers, such as viscose, rayon and copper ammonium cellulose rayon, modified cellulose fibers, such as cellulose acetate or synthetic Fibers such as those made of polyesters, polyamides, polyacrylics, etc. derived, used alone or in combination become. Chemically treated natural Cellulose fibers can can also be used, such as mercerized pulps, chemically stiffened or cross-linked fibers, sulphonated fibers and like.

To Suitable paper-producing fibers can also be reprocessed Fibers, newly formed fibers or mixtures thereof belong. links One or more of the above fibers can also be used be applied if desired.

absorbent composites

How The absorbent structures according to the present invention are described above Invention advantageously a superabsorbent material and a fibrous matrix to hold the superabsorbent material. However, it should be noted that any device, which absorb the superabsorbent material described above can, in some cases in a disposable absorbent garment can be arranged for use in the present invention suitable is.

It are many such carriers known to the expert. For example, the carrier device can be fibrous Have matrix, such as in the form of airflow molded or wet embedded tissue made of cellulose fibers, a meltblown Fabric made of synthetic polymer fibers, a spunbonded non-woven material made of synthetic polymer fibers, a co-shaped matrix with cellulose fibers and fibers made from the synthetic polymer material are airflow layered heat-welded fabrics made of synthetic polymer materials, open cell foams, and like.

The support means is preferably a fibrous matrix with a shape such as one fibrous network that is essentially a multitude of randomly distributed ones Fibers that are optionally connected with a binder can be. The fibrous material may alternatively take the form of a lump more splintered Wood pulp fluff, a layer of fabric, a layer of fluff with Hydrogen compounds, a woven layer, a nonwoven layer, a rope, or a mechanically softened cellulose layer. Any paper-producing fibers, as previously defined, or mixtures thereof can also be used to form the fibrous matrix.

The absorbent composites of the present invention can be made from a single layer of absorbent material or multiple layers of absorbent material. In the case of several layers, the layers must be arranged side by side or surface-to-surface and the layers can be connected in whole or in part to adjacent layers. If the absorbent composites have multiple layers, the entire thickness of the absorbent composite may include one or more superabsorbent materials, or each Layer separately have one or more or no superabsorbent material.

In one embodiment of the present invention the absorbent composite superabsorbent material and fibrous material, the relative proportion of superabsorbent Material and the fibrous material used to manufacture the absorbent composite can be different in dependence of the ones you want Properties of the resulting product and the application of the resulting product. The proportion of superabsorbent is preferably sufficient Material in the absorbent composite of about 20 weight percent until about 100 percent by weight and the proportion of fibrous material is sufficient of about 80 weight percent to about Zero weight percent based on the total weight of the absorbent Composite. The proportion of superabsorbent is even more advantageous Material in the absorbent composite between about 30 weight percent to approximately 90 percent by weight and the proportion of fibrous material between approximately 70 weight percent to approximately 10 percent by weight based on the total weight of the absorbent Composite. The proportion of superabsorbent is still advantageously sufficient Material in the absorbent composite of about 40 weight percent until about 80 percent by weight and the proportion of fibrous material is sufficient of about 60 weight percent to about 20 percent by weight based on the total weight of the absorbent Composite.

In another embodiment, the basis weight of the superabsorbent material used to make the absorbent composites of the present invention may vary depending on the properties desired, such as the total composite thickness and basis weight in the resulting product and the application of the resulting product. For example, absorbent composites for use in infant diapers may have a lower basis weight and thickness compared to an absorbent composite for an incontinence product. Preferably, the basis weight of the superabsorbent material in the absorbent composite is greater than about 80 g / m ² (gsm). Even more advantageously, the basis weight of the superabsorbent material in the absorbent composite is in the range of about 80 gsm to about 800 gsm. More preferably, the basis weight of the superabsorbent material in the absorbent composite is between about 120 gsm to about 700 gsm. More advantageously, the basis weight of the superabsorbent material in the absorbent composite ranges from about 150 gsm to about 600 gsm.

method for the manufacture of the absorbent composite

The absorbent composites of the present invention can by any process known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment The present invention can be the method for producing the absorbent composite combining the superabsorbent material, which contains superabsorbent particles, with a substrate. The superabsorbent particles with a bimodal particle size distribution with big Particles with a mass average particle size of approximately 850 to approximately 1800 μm and small particles with a mass average particle size of about 50 to approximately 200 μm. Preferably the big ones Particles have a mass average size of approximately 1000 until about 1600 μm and the small particles have a mass average size of about 65 to approximately 150 μm.

alternative the method can be combining the superabsorbent material with a substrate, the composite having an exposure time with a third wetting with a liquid of less than about 100 seconds and a recording time for a third intermittent vertical aspiration of less than about 600 seconds having. The superabsorbent material is uniform in distributed the composite.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, a superabsorbent material with superabsorbent particles is built into an existing substrate. The substrate preferably contains fibrous material. Suitable fibrous substrates include, but are not limited to, nonwovens and woven fabrics. In many embodiments, particularly in personal care products, preferred substrates are nonwovens. As used herein, the term "nonwoven fabric" means a fabric that has a structure of individual fibers or filaments that are randomly arranged in a mat-like manner. Nonwovens can be made by a variety of processes, including, but not limited to, airflow stratification processes, wet stratification processes, hydroblending processes, staple fiber carding and bonding processes, and solution spinning processes. The superabsorbent material can be incorporated into the fibrous substrate as a solid granular material. The superabsorbent materials can be in any form suitable for use in absorbent composites is suitable, for example in the form of particles, flakes, beads and the like.

In an alternative embodiment In the present invention, the fibrous material and the superabsorbent material with the superabsorbent particles mixed simultaneously to form an absorbent composite. The composite materials are preferably formed by means of an air flow Process known to the skilled worker mixed. Airflow Fine Process for mixing fibers and superabsorbent material should identify the situation in which preformed fibers and that superabsorbent material can be layered in the airflow, as well the situation in which the superabsorbent material with the fibers is mixed when the fibers are made, such as by a meltblowing process.

Z. For example, the following description is illustrative of an airflow manufacturing process describe the formation of composites of the present Invention can be applied, but this is not intended as a limitation is. It can Various process components are applied to the absorbent according to the invention Manufacture composites. This initially includes a process to make cellulose layers to convert to fibred fluff. These will be fiberized lint fibers transported by air into a shaping chamber. Then will a method of adding of superabsorbent particles applied to superabsorbent Dosing and transporting particles to the shaping chamber. It has become more than a superabsorbent delivery device as suitable for controlling the individual parts superabsorbent Particles of different types have been proven in the shaping chamber. The shaping chamber causes the lint fibers and the absorbent Particles are mixed together. A moving shaping Sieve is located on the underside of the molding chamber. This Sieve is breathable and is typically connected to a vacuum source. By the Vacuum removes air from the molding chamber and causes the lint fibers and the absorbent particles are deposited on the forming screen to form a composite fabric. A paper towel can be unwound onto the forming screen so that the fibers and the particles are layered on the paper towel to use it to support the transport. The speed of the pulp layers, the feeding devices for the superabsorbent material and the forming screen can each independently be adjusted from each other to the composition and basis weight to control the resulting composite. Following the Manufacturing the composite fabric on the forming wire can A roller can be used to get the composite to a desired one Compress amount. At the end of the shaping sieve it will Composite fabric wound up in a continuous roll.

characteristics of absorbent composites

The possess absorbent composites of the present invention an improved fluid distribution caused by capillary action as well as improved fluid uptake over the life of the composite compared to known absorbent composites. A procedure for measuring fluid distribution caused by capillary action An absorbent composite passes the interrupted test vertical suction (IVW). This test measures the rate of suction of a material or a composite during a series of contacts with liquids.

The IVW test consists of bringing a bottom edge into contact a vertically suspended absorbent Composite with a solution and this test is described in detail below. The end The fluid distribution profile obtained from the IVW test can then be considered the fluid saturation of the composite at different distances from the lower one Edge of the composite are analyzed. Preferably show the absorbent composites of the present invention provide liquid saturation 3 to 3.5 inches from the bottom edge of the composite, which equals at least 65% of fluid saturation at 0 to 0.5 inches from the bottom edge of the composite. Liquid saturation is even more preferred at 4 to 4.5 inches from the bottom of the absorbent composite equal to at least 50% of the fluid saturation at 0 to 0.5 inch distance from the lower edge of the composite and liquid saturation is even more advantageous at 4.5 to 5.0 inches from the bottom edge of the composite equal to at least 35% of the fluid saturation at 0 to 0.5 inch distance from the bottom of the absorbent Composite.

Further it is advantageous that the absorbent composites of the present Invention a third recording time in the interrupted vertical Suck less than approximately Have 600 seconds. Even more advantageously show the absorbent Composites a third recording time when the vertical is interrupted Suck less than approximately 300 seconds.

On Method for measuring fluid uptake of an absorbent composite is the Fluid Intake Assessment (FIE) test, which is detailed below is described. In this test, the absorption capacity of a Material or a composite measured when there are multiple liquid occupancies.

advantageously, has an absorbent composite of the present invention a third intake time with fluid wetting of less than approximately 100 seconds and more advantageously less than about 85 seconds and even better, less than about 60 seconds.

A another unique property of absorbent composites The present invention is that the absorbent Particles contained in the composite are different Swelling times due to the different sizes of the Have particles. The swelling time is defined as the length of time which the superabsorbent particles require to increase 60% of their fluid absorption capacity and this can be done using the soiling FAUZL test, which is described in detail below. Preferably is the swelling time of the absorbent composite according to the invention applied small particles in a range of approximately 15 seconds approximately 35 seconds and the swelling time of the large particles is in the range of about 300 seconds to approx 700 seconds. The swelling time of the small ones is even more preferred Particles of about 20 seconds to about 30 seconds and the swelling time of the large particles ranges from around 400 seconds until about 600 seconds. It is also advantageous that the swelling time of the small particles approximately 20 times shorter than the swelling time of the big ones Particle is.

method for the application of the absorbent structures

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a disposable absorbent product having a liquid permeable topsheet, a backsheet attached to the topsheet, and an absorbent composite of the present invention disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet. The person skilled in the art knows materials which are suitable for use as a top layer and a back layer. Exemplary materials suitable for use as a top layer are liquid permeable materials such as spunbonded polypropylene or polyethylene with a basis weight of about 15 to about 25 g / m ² . Exemplary materials suitable for use as a backing layer are liquid impervious materials, such as polyolefin films, and vapor permeable materials, such as microporous polyolefin films.

absorbent Disposable items are in accordance with all aspects of the present Invention essentially during exposed to multiple wetting with body fluids. consequently the disposable absorbent products are advantageously in the Capable of multiple wetting with body fluids absorb in such amounts that the absorbent products and structures during are exposed to the application. The individual wetting are in Essentially separated in time. The absorbent products of the present invention should be present in an amount that is effective to form a superabsorbent composition that to absorb a desired one Amount of liquid in leads effectively.

The absorbent composites according to the present invention are suitable for absorbing many fluids such as body fluids such as urine, menstrual fluid and blood and are particularly suitable for use in disposable absorbent products such as disposable personal care products without being limiting Laundry items such as diapers, incontinence products, bed pads and the like; Facilities related to the female cycle, such as sanitary napkins, panty liners, tampons and the like; Personal health products such as wound dressings and care systems; as well as wipes, bibs, food packaging and the like. Therefore, in a further aspect, the present invention relates to an absorbent laundry element with an absorbent composite, as described above. A large number of absorbent laundry elements are known to the person skilled in the art. The absorbent composites of the present invention can be incorporated into such known absorbent laundry elements. Exemplary absorbent garments are generally described in the U.S. patent 4,710,187 , issued December 1, 1987 to Boland et al .; in the U.S. patent 4,7762,521 , issued August 9, 1988 Roessler et al .; in the U.S. patent 4,770,656 , issued September 13, 1988 to Proxmire et al. in U.S. Patent 4,798,603 , issued January 17, 1989, Meyer et al .; which are hereby incorporated by reference.

In general, the disposable absorbent liner elements according to the present invention include a body-side coating configured to contact a wearer's skin, an outer cover that overlays the coating, and an absorbent composite, such as described above, that overlies and between the outer cover body-side coating and the outer cover are arranged.

TEST METHODS

For testing superabsorbent Materials:

The Method for determining the particle size distribution and the mass average particle size of a given sample of a superabsorbent material now described below. Furthermore, the procedure below to determine the swelling time and the gel embedding cavity of described superabsorbent particles.

Test procedure for particle size distribution (PSD)

The PSD test method used in the present invention determines the particle size distribution a superabsorbent material using a sieve size analysis. A stack of sieves is used to determine the particle size distribution to determine a given sample. Thus, for example, in Principle a particle that is retained on a sieve with openings of 710 μm is regarded as a particle with a size of more than 710 μm. A particle that passes through a sieve with openings of 710 μm and on a sieve with openings of 500 μm retained is considered to be a particle with a size between 500 and 710 μm. Furthermore, a particle passes through a sieve with openings of 500 μm passes as a particle with a size of less than 500 microns.

The Sieves are arranged in the order of the size of the openings, being the largest openings on the top of the stack and the smallest openings on the bottom of the stack are provided. A 25 g sample with superabsorbent Particles are placed on the sieve with the largest openings. The sieve stack with a ro-tap mechanical screen shaker, model B, available from W. S. Tyler, Mentor, Ohio, or the like Shaker shaken. To which the shaking ended is the superabsorbent particles that are on each sieve retained are removed and their weight measured and recorded. The The proportion of particles that are retained on each sieve is determined by Divide the weight of the particles retained on each sieve through the initial Sample weight calculated.

test method for the Mass median particle size

in the As used herein, the term "mass average particle size" is a given Sample of superabsorbent particles defined as the particle size, which halves the sample in terms of mass, d. H. half of Sample in terms of weight has a particle size that larger than is the mass average particle size and the half the sample in terms of mass has a particle size that is smaller than the mass average particle size. For example the mass average particle size of a Sample of superabsorbent particles 500 μm if half of the Sample in terms of weight on a sieve with openings of 500 μm retained becomes.

Soiling FAUZL (flooded absorbency without load) test

The Mass of a container for the absorbance under load (AUL) and a flask is weighed and recorded as "Me". The AUL cup is made of a thermoplastic tube with an inner diameter manufactured by 1 ", that is designed to achieve concentricity. The AUL container has a grid with 400 openings made of stainless steel, which means at the bottom of the container an adhesive is attached. Alternatively, the grille can be on be welded to the underside of the piston by heat, by heating the wire mesh to a red heat in a flame, whereupon the AUL container the grid is pressed until it has cooled. It can be a soldering iron used to achieve tightness if this is not is successful, or if it breaks. However, it must be observed be able to maintain a flat, smooth bottom and the inside of the AUL container not to deform. The piston is made of a solid material (e.g. B. Plexiglas) with a diameter of 1 "and is machined so that he without bending the AUL container fits exactly. Before placing the superabsorbent material on the grid of the AUL container the superabsorbent material will be the appropriate size for testing sieved.

About 0.160 g superabsorbent material are placed in the AUL container, the superabsorbent material being evenly distributed over the bottom of the container becomes. A 4.0 g flask will dry on the superabsorbent material arranged, creating a pressure of approximately 0.01 psi exercised becomes. The mass of the AUL container, of the piston and the drying superabsorbent material weighed and recorded as "Mo". It becomes a saline solution with 0.9% by weight in a petri dish (with at least 2 inch Diameter) up to a height of about 0.5 cm filled. A plastic grid with about 16 openings per square inch is placed on the bottom of the Petri dish.

The AUL cup is in the saline Immersed for 15 seconds so that the saline solution is in the superabsorbent material can be absorbed. The bottom of the AUL container quickly applied to a paper towel; for liquid in the grid or in the gaps between the superabsorbent particles. The length of time from removing the AUL container from the saline solution until applied to the paper towel should be 3 seconds or less be. The container will brought to dry areas of the paper towel until no liquid more visible from the container too transferred to the cloth becomes. Subsequently become the AUL container, the piston and the superabsorbent material weighed and the mass is recorded as "Mt". The Total time for removing the liquid of the gaps, for weighing of the AUL container and placing the AUL container again in the saline solution should be less than about 30 seconds. The AUL container is quickly in the saline solution for more Arranged 15 seconds so that the superabsorbent material Saline can record. Again the bottom of the container is dried and Mt is determined. Mt is cumulative for the following Exposure times are determined, the "exposure time" being defined as the time in which the superabsorbent material is immersed in the liquid: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 Minutes. The entire test is done three times for each superabsorbent to be examined Executed material and it becomes the middle shot for the three repetitions for each exposure time certainly.

Data analysis:

The amount of saline taken up during each exposure time is determined by the following equation: g saline / g superabsorbent material = (Mt – Mo) / (Mo – Me)

The g / g uptake at 60 minutes cumulative exposure time is determined and recorded as g / g (e). The characteristic time for reaching 60% of the 60 minute g / g intake value is determined by the following equation: characteristic absorption value = 0.6 × g / g (e)

A Table that shows the exposure time and the absorption value is used to record the characteristic time of 60% interpolate the 60 minute recording value.

experimental Process for the gel embedding cavity

The centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) of the superabsorbent particles is measured to determine the full saturation capacity of the gel particles. 2.0 g of the dry, superabsorbent particles are then measured. A quantity equal to (2.0 × CRC) grams of the saline solution with 0.9 percent by weight is measured in a 200 ml beaker. The 2.0 g of dry superabsorbent particles are added to the 0.9% saline solution and stirred for 10 seconds so that the particles do not clump together. The cup is then covered with paraffin or another suitable cover and the superabsorbent material can then swell undisturbed for at least 2 hours so that the swelling process can reach its equilibrium state. After swelling of the superabsorbent material has reached equilibrium, the average swell height in the cup is marked by placing a light weight acrylic plate (<0.02 psi) on the swollen gel pack and marking the height of the bottom of the plate on the side of the cup becomes. The contents of the cup are then poured out. After the cup has been weighed, it is filled with water up to the mark which indicates the height of the swollen gel pack or the gel embedding. The beaker is weighed to determine the total volume of the swollen gel pack using the following formula: Volume = Weight (grams) /1.0 gm / cc. The cavities or that Cavity volume is then determined by subtracting the volume caused by the saline and gel using the formula: Cavities = water volume - [((2.0 × CRC) / (specific weight of saline with 0.9% by weight)) + (2.0 gm of superabsorbent material / 1.5 gm / cc)].

To test the absorbent Composites:

The Test method for determining the saturation capacity (SC), the interrupted vertical announcement (IVW) and the fluid intake rating (FIE) of a given absorbent composite are as follows described.

Sättigungskapazitäts- (SC) test

A composite of superabsorbent material and lint or lint alone are made by airflow on a fabric to a desired basis weight and density. Composite samples are cut to a desired size, in which case the composite samples are cut to 3.5 inch (8.89 cm) x 10 inch (25.40 cm) rectangles. The weight of each composite sample is then measured and recorded. This is the dry weight of the composite. The composite samples are then immersed in a 0.9% by weight NaCl solution bath for 20 minutes. After 20 minutes of immersion, the composite samples are kept under 0.5 psi (14 inch N ₂ O) vacuum pressure for 5 minutes. The composite samples are then weighed again. This is the composite wet weight. The capacity of each composite sample is calculated by subtracting the composite dry weight from the composite wet weight for each sample.

Test for the broken vertical Suction (IWV)

The Intermittent Vertical Suction (IVW) test measures the rate of wicking and the rate of wicking and fluid distribution profile of a material or composite during a series of fluid contacts. The test consists of three separate contacts between a bottom of a vertically suspended absorbent composite sample and a saline solution. Each individual contact or wetting or liquid entry into the composite represents 15% of the saturation capacity of the absorbent composite, as measured in the SC test described above. Each separate liquid wetting in the IVW test is equal to (0.15) × (m _total ) so that the composite has a desired level of absorption capacity during each wetting. The absorbent composite sample can aspirate liquid as described below.

A composite of superabsorbent material and fluff is formed by airflow on a fabric to a desired basis weight and density. Composite samples are then cut to a desired size, in which case the composite samples are cut to 3.5 inch (8.89 cm) x 10 inch (25.40 cm) rectangles. The saturation capacity of the sample (m _total ) is determined in the manner described above. An amount equal to (0.15) × (m _total ) is calculated.

A separate sample is suspended vertically so that the long dimension of the sample is oriented in the vertical direction. The suspended sample is attached to a strain gauge. The sample is then lowered into a container that contains a 0.9% NaCl solution. The amount of sample in contact with the solution should be 1/4 inch or less. The amount of fluid intake is measured as a function of time and continues until 15% of the saturation capacity of the absorbent composite [(0.15) × (m _total )] is read on the strain gauge. The sample is then removed from the NaCl solution, but is kept in a vertical arrangement.

After a period of 30 minutes, the sample is again lowered into the 0.9% NaCl solution. The amount of fluid intake is then measured as a function of time and continues until 15% of the saturation capacity of the absorbent composite [(0.15) × (m _total )] is displayed on the strain gauge. The sample is then removed from the NaCl solution, but is kept in a vertical arrangement.

After a period of 30 minutes, the sample is lowered a third time into the 0.9% NaCl solution. The amount of fluid intake is measured as a function of time and continues until 15% of the saturation capacity of the absorbent composite [(0.15) × (m _total )] is read on the stretching instrument. The sample is then removed from the NaCl solution, but is in a vertical Arrangement kept.

The Sample is then subjected to test procedures to determine the fluid distribution profile to determine the sample. Any test procedure can be used to determine the fluid distribution profile of the sample. On known method is to use the absorbent composite cut into strips ½ inch (1.27 cm) wide and weigh the strips to match the amount of liquid within a Strip to determine. In the sample above, 20 strips are used ½ inch wide (1.27 cm) and a length 3.5 inch (8.89 cm) made from each composite sample. A fluid distribution profile is determined by each strip is weighed by the amount of liquid to determine in each strip. The amount of liquid for everyone Streak is determined by the following equation: amount of liquid per strip = wet weight of the strip - (dry weight of the total Sample / 20).

The IWV procedure is performed using two or more composite samples are cut out of the same composite material, repeated. It becomes an average intake time for the first three fluid intakes, the three second liquid intakes and the three third fluid intakes certainly. Furthermore, the average amount of liquid in every 0.5 inch Segment of the three composite samples in the manner described above certainly.

Fluidaufnahmebewertungs- (FIE) test

The Fluid Intake Assessment (FIE) test measures a person's absorption capacity Material or a composite. The test is one subjecting absorbent composite to three liquid wetting taking any liquid wetting or any liquid entry 30% of the saturation capacity of the composite represents as determined in the SC test described above. The three Fiüssigkeitsbenetzungen are 15 minutes apart.

A composite of superabsorbent material and lint is formed by air flow on a fabric to a desired basis weight and density. A composite sample is cut to a desired size, in which case the composite sample is cut into a 3.5 inch (8.89 cm) x 5 inch (12.70 cm) rectangle. The saturation capacity of the sample (m _total ) is determined in the manner described above. An amount equal to (0.30) × (m _total ) is calculated.

A liquid addition instrument 10 as it is in 2 is shown on a separate composite sample 12 (which was also cut into a 3.5 inch (8.89 cm) x 5 inch (12.70 cm) rectangle) to create a pressure of 0.13 psi (8966 dynes / cm ² ). The liquid addition instrument includes a base element 14 and an additional measuring weight 16 so the total mass of the instrument 10 is equal to 1223 g. Liquid comes with the sample 12 contacted by the liquid through a tube 18 that are in the liquid addition instrument 10 is arranged, is introduced. A first liquid wetting with a 0.9% NaCl solution, which is equal to 30% of the saturation capacity of the absorbent composite [(0.30) × (m _total )], is through the tube 18 introduced and with the composite sample 12 brought into contact. It measures the time it takes for all of the liquid to be wetted into the composite sample the first time 12 take. 15 minutes after the start of the first wetting, a second liquid wetting is performed with the 0.9% NaCl solution, which is 30% of the saturation capacity of the absorbent composite [(0.30) × (m _total )], by the liquid with the composite sample 12 is brought into contact. The time required to completely fill the liquid of the second wetting into the composite sample is measured 12 take. After a further 15 minutes after the start of the second wetting, a third wetting with liquid with the 0.9% NaCl solution, which is equal to 30% of the saturation capacity of the absorbent composite [(0.30) × (m _total )], is carried out by the solution with the composite sample 12 is brought into contact. The length of time required for all of the liquid to be wetted into the composite sample upon third measurement is measured 12 is recorded.

The Operation is for two more composite samples made from the same composite material be cut out, repeated. It will be an average Recording time for the first three, for three second and for the three third fluid wetting calculated. Furthermore, an average total recording time with wetting from the sum of the first, second and third mean recording times for the Wetting calculated.

It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the superabsorbent materials and absorbent composites of the present invention advantageously benefit from the manufacture of an abundance of products reversible, which include, but are not limited to, personal hygiene absorbent products intended for contact with body fluids. Such products can include only a single layer of the absorbent composite or can comprise a combination of elements as previously described. Although the superabsorbent materials and absorbent composites of the present invention are particularly suitable for personal hygiene products, the superabsorbent materials and absorbent composites can be advantageously used for a wide variety of consumer products.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples shown that are not intended to have any limitations impose on the scope of the invention. On the contrary, it is clear that other other designs, modifications and equivalents of which, after studying this description, become a matter of course for the specialist, without thereby departing from the basic idea of the present invention and / or the scope of protection of the attached claims is to deviate.

EXAMPLES

In The following examples have included absorbent composites Using the following superabsorbent materials and fibrous Materials made:

Super absorbent material:

AFA-177-9A, AFA-177-9B, AFA-177-140 and Drytech 2035, manufactured by Dow Chemical Co, Midland, MI.

Fibrous material:

lint- Cellular Fibers, CR-1654, available from Alliance Forest Products, Coosa Pines, AI, were delivered.

EXAMPLE 1

Determine the particle size distribution of superabsorbent material samples

It were two 100 g samples of AFA-177-9A and AFA-177-9B from Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI. The particle size distribution of each sample was measured using the previously described PSD test method has been. Sieves with the following opening sizes were for the Sample AFA-177-9A used: 1680 μm, 1190 μm, 1000 μm and 850 μm. Sieves with the following opening sizes were for the Sample AFA-177-9B used: 150 μm, 105 μm and 63 μm. The Particle size distributions of samples AFA-177-9A and AFA-177-9B are listed in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1: Particle size distributions of sample AFA-177-9A.

Table 2: Particle size distributions of sample AFA-177-9B.

How As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 above, the mass average particle size of the particles is in samples AFA-177-9A and AFA-177-9B approximately 1100 μm and 100 μm, respectively.

EXAMPLE 2

manufacturing absorbent composites of the present invention

It have been absorbent composites using the superabsorbent Materials AFA-177-140 supplied by Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI and cellulose fibers CR-1654; Alliance Forest Products Coosa Pines, AL; were delivered, manufactured. The super absorbent Material AFA-177-140 has essentially the same chemical Composition as samples AFA-177-9A and AFA-177-9B of the example 1. The superabsorbent material AFA-177-140 was used known methods ground to obtain two samples, the sample 1A and Sample 1B with particle size distributions similar to Samples AFA-177-9A and AFA-177-9B described in Example 1 are. The composites were made using a conventional airflow forming unit manufactured. The mass ratio sample 1A (large particles) for sample 1B (small particles) in the composites was varied as follows: 50:50, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10. The composites had a total target basis weight of 500 gsm, a target density of 0.2 g / cc and a SAP concentration of 50% in terms of mass.

The Mass average particle size of the particles in samples 1A and 1B at a saturation level of 30 gm 0.9% NaCl solution per gm of SAP was then determined. The void fraction in the saturated Packs or embeddings of the superabsorbent particles and the specific weight of the particles is determined experimentally, where the experimental procedure for determining the gel embedding cavity was applied. The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Parameters for the theoretical particle ratio calculation

Using the above equations along with the values for ν ₁ (the void fraction in a system with particles from sample 1A), ν ₂ (void fraction in a system from the particles with sample 1B), ρ ₁ (the actual specific weight of the particles of the Sample A1) and ρ ₂ (the actual specific weight of the particles of Sample 1B), which were determined experimentally, became the theoretical optimal ratio of large particles (particles of Sample 1A) to small particles (particles of Sample 1B) in the manner shown below certainly.

The theoretical part of the weight of each component should be:
φ ₁ / Φ = weight in percent of the component: Weight percent of sample 1A (large particles) = (φ 1 / Φ) × 100 = 83% Weight percent of sample 1B (small particles) = [(1-φ 1 ) / Φ] × 100 = 17%

There Both components are believed to be on the same Saturation level at Equilibrium, the dry weight fractions are equal to that previously calculated saturated Weight.

EXAMPLE 3

manufacturing of absorbent composites using as control samples a conventional particle size distribution

It an absorbent control composite was made in which the same materials as in Example 2 were used with except that the superabsorbent material has a particle size distribution in the range of 0 to 850 microns. This control sample is referred to below as control sample 1. In particular, was determines that in control sample 1 a particle size distribution was in the manner shown below.

Table 4: Mass average particle size distribution of control sample 1

It a second control composite was made using 50% Drytech 2035, supplied by Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI, and 50% Alliance CR-1654 lint made by Alliance Forest Products, Coosa Pines, AI, were used. This composite was manufactured using the composites of the present extension with a composite with a representative superabsorbent Compare material used in commercial products. The control composite with the Drytech 2035 is hereinafter referred to as Control sample 2 designated. Table 5 shows the particle size distribution the control sample 2.

Table 5: Weight average particle size distribution of control sample 2

EXAMPLE 4

The absorption behavior more absorbent Composites of the present invention and control composites

The Suction behavior of the composites of Examples 2 and 3 was evaluated, by testing for the interrupted vertical suction (IVW) described earlier is applied. There was fluid distribution in each composite after the third liquid wetting analyzed by the amount of liquid was determined in each 0.5 inch segment of the composite. The amount of liquid in each section was by the amount of liquid for this Sample in the 0-0.5 inch segment for divided this sample. This value was multiplied by 100 to get the percentage; shown in Table 6 below is.

Table 6: Average fluid distribution after the third wetting

As can be seen from the data in Table 6, a better fluid distribution and a better suction was observed for the composites that contain a bimodal size distribution of the superabsorbent particles. This is evident from the larger amounts of fluid located in the higher areas of the composites (> 5 inches).

The Fluid distribution of the absorbent composites of the present Invention was made by the presence of a bimodal particle size distribution improved as this by the increased amount of fluid in the higher areas the composite is made clear. The rate of fluid intake while The IVW test has also been improved in some bimodal systems recognized as shown in Tables 7 and 8 below is.

Table 7: Average absorption with the third wetting versus time

Table 8: Average absorption after third wetting

How can be seen in Tables 7 and 8, the suction rates by the Share large and small particles present in the absorbent composite are influenced. The average fluid intake after the third Wetting implies that there are too many small particles or too many big ones Particle has a negative effect on the suction rate of the composite. It is believed that the tendency for small particles to gel blocking and the reduced capillary action caused by the large particles will adversely affect the suction rate of the composite.

It it should also be noted that the suction rate of an absorbent Composite with a bimodal particle distribution and a 80:20 weight ratio an improvement over the control composites with a regular Showed particle distribution.

The The above data from Tables 6 to 8 indicate that the Fluid distribution and the suction rate in composites can be improved can that the right ratio greater Particles and small particles in a bimodal size distribution contain superabsorbent particles.

EXAMPLE 5

Fluid intake behavior absorbent composites of the present extension and control composites

The Absorption behavior of the composites from Example 2 and the control composites Example 3 was determined by applying the Fluid Intake Rating (FIE), as previously described in the "Test Procedure" section rated. The FIE results are shown in Table 9 below.

Table 9: FIE results for absorbent composites

How The composite samples showed from the data in Table 9 with a weight ratio of the superabsorbent material of 80 percent by weight of the sample 1A (large Particles) to 20 percent by weight of sample 1B (small particles) lowest averaged recording time for the total wetting as well the lowest average recording time for the second and with the third wetting.

EXAMPLE 6

Determination of the swelling time superabsorbent particles in the absorbent composite according to the invention

The Swelling time of the large Particles from sample AFA-177-9A and small particles from sample AFA-177-9B was determined using the Soil FAUZL test as previously described. The results of the test are in table 10 listed below.

Table 10: Swelling time of the superabsorbent particles

The Examples shown above are preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in restrict in any way. Various modifications and other embodiments and applications of the disclosed superabsorbent polymers, which are now known to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention to look at lying.

Summary

The The present invention is directed to an absorbent composite with a super absorbent material. The super absorbent material is in the form of superabsorbent particles with a bimodal Particle size distribution. The use of a superabsorbent material with a bimodal size distribution leads in the absorbent structure to improve fluid distribution and fluid absorption of the absorbent Composite. The absorbent composite of the present Invention can be used in disposable products for personal hygiene.

Claims (44)

Absorbent composite, which is a superabsorbent Has material, the superabsorbent material superabsorbent Particle has a bimodal particle size distribution with large particles with a mass average particle size of approximately 850 to approximately 1800 μm and small particles with a mass average particle size of about 50 to approximately 200 μm. The absorbent composite of claim 1, wherein the big ones Particles have a mass average particle size of approximately 1000 until about 1600 μm exhibit. The absorbent composite of claim 1, wherein the small particles have a mass average particle size of approximately 65 to approximately 150 μm. The absorbent composite of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent particles have a total weight average particle size of about 60 to approximately 1750 μm exhibit. The absorbent composite of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent particles have a total mass average particle size of about 800 to approximately 1200 μm exhibit. The absorbent composite of claim 1, wherein the mass average particle size of the large particles and the mass average particle size of the small particles by at least about Distinguish 500 μm. The absorbent composite of claim 6, wherein The relationship the mass average particle size of the large particles to the mass average particle size of the small particles in the Range of approximately 4: 1 until about 36: 1 lies. The absorbent composite of claim 6, wherein The relationship the mass average particle size of the large particles to the mass average particle size of the small particles in the Range of approximately 6: 1 until about 25: 1 lies. The absorbent composite of claim 6, wherein the mass average particle size of the large particles of about 1000 to 1200 μm ranges and the mass average particle size of the small particles of approximately 50 to about 150 μm is enough. The absorbent composite of claim 6 where the mass average particle size of the large particles is in the range of approximately 1000 to 1100 μm and where the mass average particle size of the small particles in Range of approximately 50 to about 100 μm. The absorbent composite of claim 1 being the mass ratio of great Particles to small particles in the range of approximately 90:10 until about 50:50 lies. The absorbent composite of claim 1 being the mass ratio greater Particles to small particles in the range of approximately 90:10 until about 80:20 lies. The absorbent composite of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of large particles to small particles is approximately 85:15. The absorbent composite of claim 1 the superabsorbent material being uniformly distributed in the composite is. The absorbent composite of claim 1 wherein the absorbent composite is from about 20 weight percent to about 100 weight percent has superabsorbent material. The absorbent composite of claim 1 wherein the absorbent composite is from about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent has superabsorbent material. The absorbent composite of claim 1 the further a restraint having. The absorbent composite of claim 16 being the restraint is a fibrous matrix. The absorbent composite of claim 1 wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at third fluid wetting of less than approximately 100 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 1 wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at third fluid wetting of less than approximately 85 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 1 wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at third fluid wetting of less than approximately Has 60 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 1 wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at third interrupted vertical suction of less than about 600 seconds having. The absorbent composite of claim 1 wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at third interrupted vertical suction of less than about 300 seconds having. The absorbent composite of claim 1 the small particles have a swelling time of about 15 to approximately 25 seconds and the big ones Particles have a swelling time of about 300 to about 700 seconds exhibit. The absorbent composite of claim 24 the swelling time of the small particles about 20 times is smaller than the swelling time of the large particles. Absorbent composite, which is a superabsorbent Has material, the superabsorbent material superabsorbent Has particles with a bimodal particle size distribution, and wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at third fluid wetting of less than approximately 100 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 26 wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at the third Liquid wetting of less than approximately 85 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 26 wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at third fluid wetting of less than approximately Has 60 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 26 wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at third interrupted vertical suction of less than about 600 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 26 wherein the absorbent composite has an exposure time at third interrupted vertical suction of less than about 300 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 26, wherein the superabsorbent material in the Composite is evenly distributed. The absorbent composite of claim 26 the superabsorbent particles being small particles with a Swelling time of about 15 to about 35 seconds and big Particles with a swelling time of approximately 300 to approximately 700 seconds exhibit. The absorbent composite of claim 33 the swelling time of the small particles about 20 times shorter than the swelling time of the big ones Particle is. The absorbent composite of claim 26 wherein the superabsorbent particles are large particles with a mass average particle size of about 850 to 1800 μm exhibit. The absorbent composite of claim 26 the superabsorbent particles being small particles with a Mass average particle size from about 50 to approximately 200 μm. The absorbent composite of claim 26 wherein the absorbent composite is from about 30 weight percent to about 90 weight percent has superabsorbent material. The absorbent composite of claim 26 being the mass ratio greater Particles to small particles in the range of approximately 90:10 until about 50:50 lies. Absorbent composite with a super absorbent Material, the superabsorbent material being uniform in the composite is distributed and wherein the composite has an exposure time with a third liquid wetting of less than approximately 100 seconds and a recording time at a third interrupted vertical suction of less than about 600 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 38 wherein the composite has an exposure time to a third liquid wetting of less than approximately 85 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 38 wherein the composite has an exposure time to a third liquid wetting of less than approximately Has 60 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 38 wherein the composite paused a recording time at a third vertical suction of less than about 300 seconds. The absorbent composite of claim 38 the composite being approximately 20 weight percent to about 100 percent by weight of superabsorbent material. The absorbent composite of claim 38 the composite being approximately 30 weight percent to approximately 90 percent by weight of superabsorbent material. The absorbent composite of claim 38 the further a restraint having.