DE1027240B - Arrangement for long-term storage of electrical quantities - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

For various control or regulation tasks, such as B. the regulation of automatic hoisting machines, there is often a need to store certain commands in the form of electrical quantities, in order to have them available for control or regulation at a later point in time. this applies particularly in cases where the command is derived from an earlier operating state must become. In the case of conveyor systems, for example, the size of the delay and its start time are determined made dependent on the load which is derived from the machine current during the driving time can. This must be required so that precise control or regulation is possible at a later point in time that the commands stored in the form of charge quantities at the time of the control or Control insert are still available in their original size. Since on the one hand such Commands often only have a low energy content and there are already small differences between the commands must be clearly differentiated, it is necessary that the storage of such commands provided capacitors with regard to their capacity the small amounts of energy of such commands correspond to the different low energy contents of different commands in voltages be expressed of perfectly distinguishable size.

Since every capacitor has a part of its charge through unavoidable leakage resistances in the course of a loses more or less long time, occurs with the small storage capacitors already after small Periods of time a high percentage reduction of the voltage, so that the storage of commands is usually only possible for a short time with sufficient accuracy.

In Geiger counters that work with a capacitor as a memory, the display sensitivity be increased according to a known proposal that the indicator glow lamp with a capacitor, which is charged by several consecutive counting pulses, another Glow lamp is switched on with a capacitor of large capacity. The additional auxiliary circuit with the large capacity capacitor falls the task of discharging a sum of stored To make counting pulses more powerful via the glow lamp in order to improve the display resp. To be able to achieve observation. The arrangement of the large additional capacitor causes thus an increase in the display sensitivity, but has an effect on the storage capacity of the impulses no influence.

In another known counting device

Arrangement for long-term storage of electrical quantities

Applicant:

Siemens-Schuckertwerke

Corporation,

Berlin and Erlangen,

Erlangen, Werner-von-Siemens-Str. 50

Dr.-Ing. Georg Sichling, Erlangen,
has been named as the inventor

a larger capacitor step by step by repeatedly applying a second smaller capacitor voltage discharged, whereby a transistor after a certain number of discharges to such a Control voltage comes to lie that it opens and actuates a relay as a function of it. The usage of the transistor in connection with the capacitor causes an amplification of the Sum pulse, but without a long-term storage option admit.

The object of the invention is to increase the storage times and to improve keeping them constant the energy amounts of commands, d. H. an improvement in transmission accuracy the individual commands on control or regulating devices to achieve. The solution is to connect the storage capacitor to a comparison capacitor via a contactless switching and amplifier arrangement, which charges the comparison capacitor by a separate power source after one of the respective storage capacitor voltages has been reached The same voltage ends automatically, whereby the comparison capacitor does the storage a charge proportional to the electrical quantity takes over and its discharge up to the point in time the desired use of the stored size is prevented.

By choosing the amplification factor and choosing the capacitance of the comparison capacitor, a fast charging of the comparison capacitor on the one hand and keeping the stored ones constant On the other hand, commands can easily be reached, for example with the larger capacitance of the comparison capacitor who talk about the inevitable

709 958/154

Conductor resistances diverted partial charges only a small percentage voltage reduction of the comparison capacitor cause. Appropriate use of amplifier circuits with a large current gain factor can also be used when using of a very large comparison capacitor the charging of the same within such a> take place in a short time, in which the storage capacitor is still practically its full, resulting from the command ^ Owns charge.

The switching and amplifier arrangement used for this purpose can advantageously consist of at least one transistor with an upstream resistor, the base of which is centered on the negative electrode of the storage capacitor, whose emitter is connected to one electrode of the comparative capacitor and whose Collector is connected to the negative pole of the power source via the series resistor. An even bigger one Current amplification can be achieved by a known cascade connection of transistors, in which one or more additional transistors each emitter-side with the base of the first or each preceding transistor are connected and the base of the last transistor with the negative Electrode of the storage capacitor is in communication. To the charge of the storage capacitor unfavorable To keep influencing reverse currents as small as possible, silicon transistors are advantageously used. Instead of a simple or multi-stage amplifier circuit of the aforementioned type, as Amplifier arrangement can also be provided an astable trigger circuit. For forwarding the saved Control commands to the individual regulating or control devices can, for example, be a magnetic amplifier be provided, the input of which can be switched to the comparison capacitor.

Some exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. According to Fig. 1 is a not shown in a manner of a As soon as the capacitor C _{2 has} the same voltage as the storage capacitor C ₁ , so the latter compared to the comparison capacitor no longer causes a negative voltage at the base of the transistor T ₁ , this is due to omission of the opening current is blocked again and the current source B is thus also separated from the comparison capacitor, so that the comparison capacitor, which is now actually storing a command, behaves

ίο Charge takes over, always only the same voltage as the storage capacitor C ₁ can have.

An increase in the charging current for the comparison _{capacitor C 2} can be achieved by a cascade connection shown in FIG. In this case, two transistors T ₁ and T _{2 are} provided, of which the transistor T _1, as in the first example _{mentioned, is connected on the emitter side to one electrode of the comparison capacitor C 2} and on the base side to the emitter of the second transistor T ₂ , the base of which is in turn galvanically connected the negative electrode of the storage capacitor C _{1 is} in connection. The collectors of both transistors are connected to the negative pole of the power source via series resistors R ₁ and R _2. As in the aforementioned exemplary embodiment, the positive pole of the current source is directly connected to the positive electrode of the storage capacitor C ₁ and the free electrode of the comparison _{capacitor C 2} . The charging current J _L originating from the current source for the comparison _{capacitor C 2} is:

/ _t = ( _y l + l) -02 + I) -i,

where y \ and j> 2 are the current amplification factors and i is the opening current of the two transistors T ₁ and T ₂ .

By adding more individual stages to the cascade, a correspondingly greater charging current can be achieved and with a given comparison capacitor, a reduction in the charging time is achieved

Command influenced Spaicherkondensator C _{1 be} forwarded,
seen, the via the terminals 1, 2 in the indicated- In Fig. 3 is the storage and amplification arrangement

polarity is charged. The positive electrode voltage V of Fig. 1 or 2 in conjunction with a

a control not shown in detail or regulating device influencing magnetic amplifier MV DAR 45

of the storage capacitor C ₃ is directly galvanically connected to the positive pole of a current source B and one electrode of a comparison _{capacitor C 2} , while the negative electrode of the storage capacitor C _{1 is connected} to the base of a transistor. T _{1 is} connected. This transistor T ₁ is connected on the emitter side to the other electrode of the comparison _{capacitor C 2} and on the collector side to the negative pole of the current source B via a series resistor R ₁ . The setup works as follows:

After charging the storage capacitor C ₁ by a corresponding command, due to the negative potential of the base of the transistor T ₁ with respect to its emitter, an _{opening current originating from the capacitor C 1 is driven} through the transistor T ₁ and the comparison _{capacitor C 2} , so that the transistor T _{1 has} a Circuit consisting of the current source B, the comparison _{capacitor C 2} , the transistor T ₁ and the series resistor R ₁ opens. The current source B can now, via the open transistor T _1, the comparison _{capacitor C 2} with a charging current

h = 0 + 1) i

load. Therein γ denotes the current amplification factor of the transistor and i denotes the opening current originating from the storage capacitor C _1.

posed. The command is taken from a potentiometer P , for example in the form of a voltage, and is given to the input terminals 1, 2 of the arrangement after a switch S _{1 has been closed.} The stored command is then present at terminals 3, 4 in the form of the same voltage as at the input terminals and can be given at any time by closing the switch vS " ₂ via a series resistor R to the input of the magnet amplifier MV , whose DC output 5.6 is in connection with not shown control or regulating device.

Claims (7)

Patent claim 1. Arrangement for the long-term storage of electrical quantities caused by inefficient Voltage pulses are represented using a storage capacitor fed by them, characterized by the connection of the same with a comparison capacitor via a contactless switching and amplifier arrangement, the charging of the comparison capacitor by a separate power source after reaching one of the respective storage capacitor voltage same voltage terminated automatically, whereby the comparison capacitor the storage of one of the electrical quantity per proportional charge takes over and its discharge until the time of the desired use of the stored size is prevented. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching and amplifier arrangement consists of at least one transistor with an upstream resistor, the base of which with the negative electrode of the storage capacitor, the emitter of which with one electrode of the Comparison capacitor and its collector with the negative pole of the power source via the series resistor connected is. 3. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by a transistor cascade circuit, with one or more additional transistors each emitter-side with the base of the first or respectively preceding transistor are connected and the base of the last Transistor with the negative electrode: the storage capacitor is in connection. 4. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the comparison capacitor has a much larger capacity than the storage capacitor. 5. Arrangement according to the preceding claims, characterized by the use of transistors, especially silicon transistors, which are only small, the voltage of the Allow storage capacitor practically non-influencing return currents. 6. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized by the use of an astable tilting circle as an amplifier arrangement. 7. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims for use in regulating or control devices, characterized in that the comparison capacitor is applied to the input of a regulating or control device Magnetic amplifier with direct current output is switchable. Considered publications:
German Patent No. 909 605;
U.S. Patent No. 2,584,990. 1 sheet of drawings © 709 958/154 5.