DE10256666B4 - System for heating and cooling an interior of a vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

system for heating and cooling an interior of a vehicle, with a first air conditioning unit (10), which is arranged in a rear region of the interior, and with a second air conditioner (28) disposed in a front portion of the interior space, being the first air conditioner (10) and the second air conditioner (28) each are capable of the respective area of the interior optionally to heat or cool, characterized in that in the first air conditioner (10) only a second with a heat transfer circuit Coupling heat exchanger (14) and a first blower (12) are arranged, that in the second air conditioner (28) with a the heat transfer circuit Coupling third heat exchanger (30), one with a refrigerant circuit coupled second evaporator (32) and a second blower (36) are arranged, and that the heat carrier circuit with a first heat exchanger arranged in a latent accumulator (40) (42) can be coupled.

Description

The The invention relates to a system for heating and cooling an interior of a Vehicle, with a latent tank, a first evaporator, in is evaporated to load the latent storage with refrigerant refrigerant, and a first heat exchanger includes, stored in the latent memory cold in one first mode of operation of the system transmits to a heat carrier circuit.

A generic system is for example from the DE 198 60 057 A1 known. This document relates to an air conditioner for a vehicle with a cold storage, which can be loaded via an evaporator of a primary circuit, and with a heat exchanger that can deliver stored in the cold storage cold over a secondary circuit to the vehicle interior, the secondary circuit contains at least one other heat exchanger , which is in heat exchanging relationship with the evaporator of the primary circuit and preferably also with the cold storage. Among other things, it is provided that the cold storage is discharged in a stand mode, that is, when the drive motor of the vehicle is turned off.

From the DE 42 14 703 A1 a system for heating and cooling an interior of a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.

From the DE 100 65 279 C1 a device for air conditioning of a vehicle interior is known. This device comprises a compressor, a condenser and at least one evaporator of a refrigerant circuit having at least one heat source and at least one heat transfer medium circuit having heat exchangers. To simplify the system and to accelerate the response during heating or cooling, it is provided that an evaporator of the refrigerant circuit and a heat exchanger of the heat transfer circuit are arranged together in a suitable storage for storing heat or cold storage.

From the DE 195 30 609 C2 is a device for air conditioning the passenger compartment of vehicles, in particular of electric vehicles, known. The device comprises a thermal energy storage with an aqueous storage medium permanently enclosed therein, a heat exchange circuit for transferring heat energy from the storage to the air flowing into the passenger compartment, and a storage charging device comprising a refrigeration unit. To ensure a high level of air conditioning comfort in a simple manner with lower power consumption of the drive unit of the vehicle is proposed schlla that the charging device is at least partially provided including the refrigeration unit in a stationary, separate from the vehicle charging station to which the thermal energy storage is optionally loaded with heat or cold.

Furthermore, from the DE 100 07 848 A1 a latent heat storage with an open-cell metal foam matrix known.

In addition, from the DE 100 60 848 A1 a stationary vehicle air conditioner with integrated refrigerator known, the refrigerator is coupled to the entry of cold in the interior of a cold storage a stationary air conditioning.

Of the Invention is based on the object, the generic systems in such a way that in particular in the state of both a cooling as well as a heating of the interior is made possible.

These The object is solved by the features of claim 1.

advantageous Refinements and developments of the invention will become apparent the dependent Claims.

The inventive system builds on the generic state The technique characterized in that the first heat exchanger in a second mode of operation the system communicates with a heating circuit to the latent memory with heat too loaded. Through this solution it is made possible in a simple way the latent memory in dependence from the ambient conditions with either cold or heat to load. The loading of latent storage with cold takes place efficiently over an evaporator provided in the latent memory while the Loading the latent storage with heat over the anyway in the latent storage provided first heat exchanger he follows. The heating circuit can with the cooling circuit of the drive motor or any other suitable source of heat.

at a particularly preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention is further provided that the first heat exchanger in a third Operating the system stored in the latent memory heat transfers the heat transfer circuit. The third mode of operation may in particular for a stationary operation of the system according to the invention be provided.

In a likewise preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention is provided that it comprises a first air conditioner in which a second heat exchanger is arranged, which communicates with the first heat exchanger in the first mode of operation of the system via the heat carrier circuit and is capable of transferring stored in the latent memory cold for cooling the Innraums on an air stream. The named air conditioner is also referred to as Klimabox and is usually designed as a structural unit.

in the explained above Connection is preferably further provided that the second heat exchangers in the third mode of operation of the system via the heat transfer circuit with the first heat exchangers communicates and is capable of doing so in the latent memory stored heat to heat the Innrums to transfer an air stream. The third mode of operation comes in example for a Standby operation of the system according to the invention or for Operating conditions in which the provided over the heating circuit Heat to Heating the interior is not sufficient.

in the explained above Context may be advantageously provided further that the second heat exchanger in a fourth mode of operation of the system with a heating circuit in connection stands and is able to over supplied to the heating circuit Heat to Heating the interior to transfer to an air flow. The heating circuit can in this case, for example, in a manner known per se to the coolant circuit be connected to the drive motor of the vehicle, in particular to the coolant circuit an internal combustion engine. additionally or alternatively, as already mentioned, however, other heat sources into consideration, for example, electric heat sources.

Farther It is preferred that the second heat exchanger in the first air conditioning arranged fan assigned. A particularly simple and compact construction of the first air conditioner let yourself achieve, if arranged in this only the second heat exchanger and the first fan are.

at particularly preferred embodiments of the system according to the invention It is envisaged that the first air conditioning unit will be located in a rear area of the Interior is assigned. Although the invention is not on the use Limited in the context of commercial vehicles, it is considered special advantageous if the rear area by a couch area a cab of a commercial vehicle is formed, wherein the Invention universal air conditioning of such a rear Area even in the standby mode of the system allows.

For all embodiments of the system according to the invention it is preferred that the heat carrier circuit a heat transfer pump assigned. The heat transfer pump can in particular in addition to a usual existing coolant pump be provided.

in the explained above Context, it is considered particularly advantageous if continue is provided that at least the latent storage and the heat transfer pump are combined to form a structural unit. The unit can in particular form a stationary air conditioning module and optionally further Ingredients such as a surge tank and Valve devices include. The provision of such a unit is without limitation to be particularly advantageous when the latent memory and optionally the first air conditioner as part of a retrofit to be built in.

As already indicated, is for certain embodiments of the system according to the invention preferred that the latent memory provided in particular is to be discharged in a stand-by mode of the system. The system according to the invention is not limited to the standard mode. For example if the heat provided by the heating circuit for heating of the interior is insufficient, can in the Latentspei cher stored heat to Heating to be used. It is also possible to use the latent memory via the first evaporator with cold to load and over it at the same time the first heat exchanger to unload.

When Particularly advantageous is considered that the latent memory for Recording a storage medium, a graphite matrix and / or a Metal, in particular an aluminum foam contains. Come as a storage medium For example, brine, water and paraffins into consideration.

Farther can be provided that the latent storage a gas hydrate and / or Water and / or paraffin storage is.

at preferred embodiments of the system according to the invention is further provided that it includes a second air conditioner, in which a third heat exchanger and a second evaporator are arranged. In this case can the second air conditioner be formed in the form of a so-called front box.

It is further preferred that the second evaporator and the third heat exchanger is associated with a second fan arranged in the second air conditioner. In this context, it is considered advantageous if the third heat is arranged downstream of the second evaporator based on the air flow generated by the second fan. For example, when the third heat exchanger is associated with the heating circuit, in this case, dehumidified air from the third heat exchanger can be heated in the desired manner by the second evaporator.

in the explained above Connection is further preferred that the second air conditioner a associated with the front area of the interior. For example, in Related to the air conditioning of cabs of commercial vehicles embodiments in which the second air conditioner for air conditioning of the front Driver and / or Passenger area is used.

For the system according to the invention it is further considered advantageous that the first evaporator and the second evaporator in parallel with a series circuit a compressor and a capacitor are arranged. Thereby is it possible, for example, the latent memory over the first evaporator with cold to load and at the same time the front area of the interior over the second evaporator to cool. Of course can if necessary, the two evaporators in this configuration as well operated separately.

One essential idea of the invention is that the with the heat transfer circuit of the system associated first heat exchanger of a two heat exchanger (first heat exchanger and first evaporator) having multi-functional latent storage is usable, namely for discharging from cold, for feeding of heat and for removal of heat.

The Invention will now be with reference to the accompanying drawings based on a preferred embodiment exemplified.

It shows:

1 a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the system.

This in 1 shown system may be provided in particular for heating and cooling the cab of a commercial vehicle.

A compression refrigeration cycle of the system includes a compressor 58 , which can be driven mechanically by the drive motor of the vehicle. In a conventional manner is the compressor 58 a capacitor 56 downstream. A stationary air conditioning module 38 includes a latent memory 40 , in which either heat or cold can be stored. For this purpose, the latent memory contains 40 for example, a storage medium accommodated in a graphite matrix or in a metal foam. The latent memory 40 includes a first evaporator 44 , the first expansion organ 46 assigned. The first evaporator 44 is via a check valve 50 and a 2/2 valve 48 parallel to the series connection of compressor 58 and capacitor 56 connected, with the 2/2 valve 48 intended to the first evaporator 44 with the compressor running 58 either to supply refrigerant or not. In the latent memory 40 is still a first heat exchanger 42 arranged, which is connected to a heat carrier circuit, example, to a brine circuit. For circulating the heat carrier is a heat transfer pump 52 provided, which also the stationary air conditioning module 38 is assigned, such as a heat transfer equalization tank 54 , The first heat exchanger 42 can have two 2/2 valves 22 . 24 with a heating circuit, not shown 26 of the system.

A first air conditioner 10 is for example arranged in the lying area of a driver's cab and comprises a second heat exchanger 14 , the first blower 12 assigned. The second heat exchanger 14 can have two 3/2 valves 16 . 18 with the first heat exchanger 42 or the heating circuit 26 be associated.

A second air conditioner 28 is located in the driver or passenger area of the cab. The second air conditioner contains a second evaporator 32 , the second expansion organ 34 assigned. The second evaporator 32 is about a 2/2 valve 54 also parallel to the series circuit of compressor 58 and capacitor 56 arranged. The second air conditioner 28 also contains a third heat exchanger 30 and a second blower 36 , Here is the third heat exchanger 30 based on one of the second fan 36 generated air flow downstream of the second evaporator 32 arranged. The third heat exchanger 30 is about a 3/2 valve 20 with the heating circuit 26 of the system.

following some preferred modes of operation of the system are explained. Of the However, one skilled in the art recognizes that the system shown depends on from the position of the valves and the activation or Deactivation of active components can perform further operations.

First mode of operation: removal of cold stored in the latent memory

The first mode of operation is especial for a stand-by operation of the system into consideration. In standby mode, the compressor becomes 58 not driven by the drive motor of the vehicle, so that the first evaporator 44 , the first organ of expansion 46 , the 2/2 valve 48 , the check valve 50 , the second evaporator 32 , the second organ of expansion 34 , the 2/2 valve 54 , the compressor 58 and the capacitor 56 comprehensive circuit of the system is not active. For cooling the rear portion of the interior, such as the couch area of a cab, the 3/2-way valves 16 . 18 placed in a position in which the through the active heat transfer pump 52 circulated heat carrier exclusively between the first heat exchanger 42 and the second heat exchanger 14 circulated. The 2/2 valves 22 . 24 are closed. About the heat transfer circuit from the latent storage 40 discharged cold is via the second heat exchanger 14 transferred to an airflow coming from the first blower 12 is produced.

However, the first mode of operation can also be done while the compressor is running 58 , that is, when driving, be selected. In this case, at least part of it will be through the compressor 58 compacted, from the condenser 56 leaking refrigerant through the open 2/2 valve 48 and the first expansion organ 46 the first evaporator 44 fed. From this, the refrigerant flows through the check valve 50 back to the compressor 58 , Thus, the latent memory becomes 40 loaded with cold and at the same time is at least part of this cold over the first heat exchanger 42 and the second heat exchanger 14 used for cooling the interior. If necessary, the 2/2 valve can also be used 54 be opened so that part of the compressor 58 compacted and out of the condenser 56 leaking refrigerant the second evaporator 32 via the second expansion organ 34 is fed, whereby also on the second evaporator 32 Cooling is free, which for cooling the front portion of the interior or the driver and / or passenger area on one of the second fan 36 generated airflow is transmitted. From the second evaporator 32 escaping refrigerant flows back to the compressor 58 ,

Second mode of operation: Loading the latent storage with heat

In this mode of operation, at least in the first evaporator 44 no refrigerant evaporates, that is the compressor 58 is not active or the 2/2 valve 48 is closed. The 2/2 valves 22 and 24 are open so that the not shown heating circuit 26 with the first heat exchanger 42 communicates. Thus, hotter, from the heat transfer pump 52 at least co-funded heat transfer through the first heat exchanger 52 flow, causing at least a portion of the heat in the latent memory 40 is stored. Unless the 3/2 valve 20 assumes a corresponding position, a part of the hot heat carrier can simultaneously through the third heat exchanger 30 flow to heat the front area of the interior. The 3/2 valves 16 and 18 be while loading the latent memory 40 preferably brought into a position with heat, in the hot heat carrier and by the second heat exchanger 14 can flow.

Third mode of operation: removal of in the latent memory 40 stored heat

In this mode of operation are the 2/2 valves 22 and 24 closed and the 3/2 valves 16 and 18 are placed in a position in which of the heat transfer pump 52 circulated heat transfer medium between the first heat exchanger 42 and the second heat exchanger 14 circulated. Thus, from the latent memory 40 dissipated heat to one of the first fan 12 generated air stream are transmitted to heat the rear of the vehicle, in particular in the stationary mode. Optionally, can be heated in this way even when the drive motor of the vehicle, for example, in cases where the over the heating circuit 26 supplied heat is currently insufficient to heat the interior.

Fourth mode of operation: Heating the interior over the heating circuit

In this mode of operation, preferably the entire refrigeration circuit is not active. The heat medium heated by the drive motor flows with the 2/2 valves closed 22 and 24 via the 3/2 valve 20 through the third heat exchanger 30 to heat the front area of the interior. At the same time, if necessary, the 3/2 valves 16 and 18 be brought into a position in the hot heat transfer medium through the second heat exchanger 14 flows to heat the rear of the vehicle.

The illustrated system has been explained in connection with the use of 2/2 and 3/2 valves. The skilled person is clear that when using other valve types, such as valves 16 and 18 who can do more than just two jobs, a simpler structure of the system becomes possible. For example, in this case the valves 22 and 24 and the lines in which they are arranged, omitted. Although in principle also other valve types can be used, the use of solenoid valves is preferred.

Although not explained in detail above, the skilled person will take the picture development of 1 in that, for example, exclusive cooling of the front area is possible by the 2/2 valve 48 closed and the 2/2 valve 60 at running compressor 58 is opened.

The second air conditioner 28 corresponding air conditioning units are already provided in many known systems, it being possible to expand such systems in a simple manner such that a stationary air conditioning is possible, for example by retrofitting the stationary air conditioning module 38 and the first air conditioner 10 and the associated valves.

10

first air conditioning

12

first fan

14

second heat exchangers

16

3/2-valve

18

3/2-valve

20

3/2-valve

22

2/2-valve

24

2/2-valve

26

heating circuit

28

second air conditioning

30

third heat exchangers

32

second Evaporator

34

second expansion element

36

second fan

38

Unit / auxiliary air-conditioning module

40

latent storage

42

first heat exchangers

44

first Evaporator

46

first expansion element

48

2/2-valve

50

check valve

52

Heat carrier pump

54

surge tank

56

capacitor

58

compressor

60

2/2-valve

Claims (12)

System for heating and cooling an interior of a vehicle, having a first air conditioning unit ( 10 ), which is arranged in a rear region of the interior, and with a second air conditioner ( 28 ), which is arranged in a front region of the interior, wherein the first air conditioner ( 10 ) and the second air conditioner ( 28 ) are each capable of selectively heating or cooling the respective region of the interior space, characterized in that in the first air conditioner ( 10 ) only a second heat exchanger coupled to a heat transfer circuit ( 14 ) and a first blower ( 12 ) are arranged, that in the second air conditioner ( 28 ) a couplable with the heat transfer medium third heat exchanger ( 30 ), a couplable with a refrigerant circuit second evaporator ( 32 ) and a second blower ( 36 ) are arranged, and that the heat transfer circuit with one in a latent memory ( 40 ) arranged first heat exchanger ( 42 ) can be coupled. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the latent memory ( 40 ) a first evaporator ( 44 ), in which for loading the latent memory ( 40 ) is evaporated with refrigerant refrigerant, wherein the first heat exchanger ( 42 ) in the latent memory ( 40 ) transfers stored refrigeration in a first mode of operation of the system to the heat carrier cycle, and that the first heat exchanger ( 42 ) in a second mode of operation of the system via the heat transfer medium circuit with a heating circuit ( 26 ) is connected to the latent memory ( 40 ) with heat to load. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first heat exchanger ( 42 ) in a third mode of operation of the system in the latent memory ( 40 ) transfers stored heat to the heat transfer circuit circulation. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second heat exchanger ( 14 ) in the first mode of operation of the system via the heat transfer medium circulation with the first heat exchanger ( 42 ) and is capable of being stored in the latent memory ( 40 ) stored cold air for cooling the Innraums on an air stream. System according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that the second heat exchanger ( 14 ) in the third mode of operation of the system via the heat transfer medium circulation with the first heat exchanger ( 42 ) and is capable of being stored in the latent memory ( 40 ) to transfer heat stored for heating the Innraums on an air stream. System according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the second heat exchanger ( 14 ) in a fourth mode of operation of the system with a heating circuit ( 26 ) and is capable of, via the heating circuit ( 26 ) to transfer heat supplied to the heating of the interior to an air flow. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat transfer circuit circulation a heat transfer pump ( 52 ) assigned. System according to claim 7, characterized in that at least the latent memory ( 40 ) and the heat transfer pump ( 52 ) to a structural unit ( 38 ) are combined. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the latent memory ( 40 ) is intended, in particular, to be discharged in a stand-alone mode of operation of the system. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the latent memory ( 40 ) contains a graphite matrix and / or a metal, in particular an aluminum foam for receiving a storage medium. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the latent memory ( 40 ) is a gas hydrate store. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the first evaporator ( 44 ) and the second evaporator ( 32 ) parallel to a series connection of a compressor ( 58 ) and a capacitor ( 56 ) are arranged.