DE10237187A1 - Blow molding of thermoplastic parison or preforms to produce pressure resistant containers involves inclusion of a net reinforcement and connector fittings in the wall during molding - Google Patents

Abstract

A reinforcing and stabilizing net (50) is integrated into a container wall during manufacture by blow molding process. A reinforcing and stabilizing net (50) is integrated into the container wall during container manufacture. In a blow molding process connectors (1) are incorporated in the container wall by: a) insertion of a blowing tube (4) into a molding tool (5) to position a counter ring (71) opposite a connector rosette (10) on a moving mandrel (11); b) feeding a hot plastic parison (14) into the tool and inflating; c) forward movement of the mandrel to clamp the parison between connector rosette and counter ring; and d) retracting the mandrel with the inflating container. Containers may also be produced from preforms with premolded connectors.

Description

Pressure tanks were previously lacking in dimensional stability and stability because they were not made of plastic but made of sheet steel.

A cost-saving and environmentally friendly way of using plasticizable plastic for a dimensionally stable pressure vessel is described below.

In order for a container made of plastic that can be plasticized to retain its original dimensions under internal pressure, it is proposed to enclose it with a net 50 on all sides during the molding process in such a way that the net 50 is at least partially integrated into the outer surface of the container 2 in a non-positive and / or positive manner. The container is manufactured in a blowing process. Before a hot hose 14 is inserted into a mold 5 and expanded with blowing air supplied through a pipe 4 , the net 50 is attached to the tool wall so that the surface of the hot melt partially integrates the net 50 . (→ Fig. 1).

The net 50 can be knitted from threads, bands or link chains that are not or hardly elongate under tensile stress, which alternatively are welded, riveted, glued and / or interlocked with one another or interlocked or - alternatively - can consist of metal.

The running direction of the threads or the components forming the network is defined under Consideration of the axial and radial stress on the container wall under internal pressure.

The mesh of the network can be completely or partially filled with so-called webbed skin; these are thin foils which, when the melt flows in, cause the net 50 introduced before the flow to be pressed against the inner wall of the tool and remain there.

Adhesion can also be brought about or supported by the action of a vacuum on the webs of the net 50 , but also by means of an adhesive base applied to the webs and / or the web or a static charge.

The connection fittings 1 which are mandatory for pressure vessels should be integrated into the wall of the finished vessel 2 .

The connection fittings 1 penetrate the container wall and clamp them gently - while still hot - using a lock nut 7 or lock ring 7 ¹ on one side and a rosette 10 integrated on the connection fitting 1 on the other side. (→ Fig. 2, 3, 10).

Lock nut 7 or lock ring 7 ¹ can be positioned inside or outside the container, correspondingly alternatively, the rosette 10 on the connection fitting 1 on the opposite side.

It proves to be advantageous with regard to sticking or welding of touching parts if they are produced from the same material or at least from the same plastic family. Due to its properties, the material polyethylene terephthalate is particularly predestined for forming the container 2 in the blowing process.

Before the plasticizable plastic to be molded is introduced, the connection fittings 1 provided with rosettes 10 are positioned on the inner wall of the mold, together with the net 50 . The stability of the finished container is increased and the number of constructive possibilities is expanded if the net 50 has , instead of the knots customary in nets, rings to which the net-forming threads, bands or chain links are fastened.

A ring is particularly advantageous where a connection fitting 1 is provided. It is initially an aid in positioning the network 50 . After the container has been shaped and solidified, it gives the connection fittings 1 hold and stabilizes their position and offers a protective cover 53 to be anchored in a further operation.

If the container 2 is created in a blowing process from a hot hose 14 , the connection fittings 1 provided with a rosette 10 after the introduction and fastening of the net 50 before the introduction of the hot hose 14 into the interior of the mold 5 on the tool wall a movable mandrel 11 ready. A matching to the terminal fitting lock ring 7 1 ¹ is temporarily fixed and enclosed by the introduced hot tube 14 at a blowpipe. 4 (→ Fig. 4).

Blown air 13 ¹ flows out through the small opening 18 in the wall of the blow pipe 4 in front of the center of the opening of the counter ring 7 ¹ , which is temporarily accommodated here, and creates an opening 19 of small diameter in the hot hose 14 . (→ Fig. 4).

While the hose 14 expands through the blowing air 13 flowing in through the blowing pipe 4 , the mandrel 11 carrying the connection fitting 1 moves in the direction of the blowing pipe 4 . The front surface of the connection fitting 1 comes into contact with the expanding hot hose 14 , which is easily pierced by the front edge 6 of the connection fitting 1 . (→ Fig. 5). The connection fitting 1 is pushed further through the opening 19 formed in the hose wall 14 into the opening of the lock ring 7 ¹ . Blowing air 13 from ² next to the locking ring 7 ¹ 8 ¹ attached to small outflow holes in the blow pipe 4 can have a supportive effect.

Subsequently, mandrel 11 with connection fitting 1 and the counter ring 7 ¹ detached from the blowpipe 4 is retracted into its starting position, namely into the recesses 31 in the tool wall, clamping the hot hose 14 during or after the hot hose 14 into its intended shape expanded. (→ Fig. 10).

The preparation for the light piercing of the connection fitting 1 through the hose wall 14 is alternatively a sharp-edged formation of the front outer edge 6 of the connection fitting 1 , (→ Fig. 5) which pierces the expanding hot hose 14 when touching it. The resulting cutout 20 from the hose wall 14 is to be removed from the connection fitting 1 by means of a vacuum.

Recesses 31 are provided in the tool wall for receiving all of the parts which are positioned outside after the completion of the container 2 , such as the rosette 10 of the connection fitting 1 of a freely rotatable disk 30 , etc., so that the container wall 2 is also smooth in these areas can solidify without wrinkles.

The temporary attachment of the lock rings 7 ¹ can instead of a blowpipe 4 also on one or two pairs of lever arms 22 , (→ Fig. 6) which track the lock ring 7 ^{1 of} the wall of the expanding hose 14 (→ Fig. 7) until the hose wall 14 is pierced by the front edges 6 of the connection fittings 1 held ready on the tool wall and the lock rings 7 ¹ slide onto the connection fittings 1 , clamping the regions of the hose 14 surrounding them. (→ Fig. 8).

In this case there are one or two blowpipes next to the pairs of levers 22 or the threaded shaft 23 is designed as a pipe with openings in the pipe jacket for the blow air outlet.

The pair of levers 22 moves in a buckling manner as a result of the screwing of two threaded pieces 24 on a threaded shaft 23 with opposing threaded sections. (→ Fig. 6). The pressure to be exerted by the lever arms 22 on the lock ring 7 ¹ can be determined by the torque of the threaded shaft 23 or the current consumption of its drive.

Instead of a lock ring 7 ^{1 to} be fitted onto the connection fitting 1 , a lock nut 7 can also be used, which is screwed onto a thread 9 to be attached to the outer jacket of the connection fitting 1 .

The screwing takes place by turning the mandrel 11 on which the connection fitting 1 is held when the lock nut 7 from the pair of levers 22 , pushing the wall of the hot hose 14 in front of it, reaches the connection fitting 1 held in the recess 31 .

Self-locking bulges in the external thread 9 of the connection fitting 1 and in the internal thread of the lock nut 7 , which only allow the lock nut 7 to be tightened, increase safety.

The rosettes 10 of the connection fittings 1 and the lock rings 7 ¹ and the lock nuts 7 can be assigned a freely rotatable disc 30 , which enlarge the contact surfaces on the container wall and the container wall 2 from damage when turning the connection fittings 1 or Lock nuts 7 protects. (→ Fig. 6, 7, 8). For this reason, it can have a multiple of the diameter of the rosette 10 or the connection fitting 1 or the lock nut 7 .

The contact surfaces 30 ^{1 of} the freely rotatable disks 30 and the rosettes 1 D can be bulged compatible with one another to enlarge them and to better anchor the container wall 14 held by them, e.g. B. by concentrically running grooves (→ Fig. 9), elevations and depressions (→ Fig. 9a), knurls and counter knurls (→ Fig. 9b), pins ( Fig. 9c) and similar, equally effective bumps.

The pinched container wall 14 is indicated in FIG. 9.

→ Fig. 9-9b show freely rotatable disks 30 in front of lock nuts 7 and rosettes 10 . → Fig. 9c-9e show the use of counter rings 7 ¹ with molded rosettes 10 .

Freely rotatable disks 30 are unnecessary when using counter rings 7 ¹ because they are not rotated when they are applied for fastening.

the contact surfaces 30 ¹ of freely rotatable disks 30 or counter rings 7 ¹ are formed to be compatible with the opposite surface of freely rotatable disks 30 or rosettes 10 on connection fittings 1 .

The use of counter rings 7 ¹ or freely rotatable disks 30 is not limited to the surface configurations described.

In order to limit the pressure building up between the rosette 10 and the lock nut 7 or the associated freely rotatable disks, elevations are used on a freely rotatable disk without depressions on its counterpart. The scheme is shown in → Fig. 9d, 9e. This arrangement acts as a spacer.

A good anchoring of the tube material 14 solidifying to the container 2 with the connection fitting 1 is desirable; it is therefore proposed to provide the surface of the connection fitting 1 or associated freely rotatable disks that comes into contact with the hose material with a coating that acts as a primer or adhesion promoter.

If the counter rings 7 ¹ temporarily fixed on the blowpipe 4, specifically before the introduction of the hot hose 14 into the interior of the tool, are expanded by heating, they shrink firmly when they are applied to the connection fitting 1 by cooling.

If, instead of a lock ring 7 ^1, a lock nut 7 is fastened to the pair of lever arms 22 and fed to the connection fitting held ready on the wall on a rotatable mandrel 11 , then the lock nut 7 is screwed on by rotating the connection fitting 1 through the mandrel holding it 11, wherein a freely rotatable disc 30 should lie externally on the container wall 2, which keeps damage to the vessel wall by the rotating movement of the terminal fitting in the attached 1 escutcheon 10 of this.

A permanently elastic seal between the outer rosette 10 of the connection fitting 1 or an outer lock ring 7 ¹ and the container wall 2 will be useful in some applications. In some applications, lock nut 7 or lock ring 7 ¹ can be replaced by a resilient, perforated washer with a hole diameter that is a little smaller than the outer diameter of the connection fitting 1 , namely in conjunction with an upstream washer, such as free rotating disc 30 .

Pressure vessels can be created from a preform (press mold) in the blow molding process if the preform is already molded with the desired connection fittings 1 in the injection molding process, for example, is pulled out to the intended length in a first axial stretching operation and the connection fittings 1 in the intended position level are brought.

The molding takes place in the so-called stretch blow molding process.

In a further application of the method, the preforms can be integrated with a continuous tube 4 ¹ which has holes 8 in the jacket.

It serves a) to introduce the blown air 13 to stretch the preform in the radial direction, b) to exchange the air of the container in its use state and c) to absorb the tensile forces of the container in the axial direction when the container is under internal pressure.

Before the preform is introduced into the interior of the molding tool 5 , the net 50 absorbing the container pressure is brought into the interior of the tool.

The net 50 has rings 54 to which the net-forming parts are attached or where they converge, in part or everywhere, instead of nodes. The network 50 is structured with its rings so that their position matches the molded connection fittings 1 of the preform, so that the network 50 is initially - temporarily - attached to the connection fittings 1 by means of the rings.

At the points intended for connection fittings 1 , during the stretching process of the preform, mandrels 11 emerge from the wall of the molding tool 5 , which insert into the preformed connection fittings 12 of the preform and ensure that each connection fitting 1 arrives exactly at its predetermined position , These mandrels 11 can be cooled so that the overlying parts of the expanding preform can slide smoothly.

It is advantageous to make the mandrel 11 rotatable and also to provide it with a flattened thread, the pitch of which corresponds to that of the internal thread of the connector fitting 1 and thereby causes a forced movement of the connector fitting of the expanding preform when the mandrel is rotated ,

Where two connection fittings 1 are arranged in mirror image, there is a continuous mandrel 11 ² for guiding or positioning. If this mandrel is also rotatable and provided with a thread, the thread consists of two opposing areas, each of which forcibly guides the connection fitting it has received into position.

For the inevitable course of the operation, photo sensors are installed in the wall of the molding tool 5 for monitoring the stretching process, which trigger the prematuring of the corresponding mandrel 11 via a control device such that the connection fitting is received by it when it reaches its predetermined level and by this is guided into its predetermined position.

The preconditions for adhesion or fusion are favorable if the parts touching the container wall 2 are made from the same material as the container 2 , or come from the same family of plastics, preferably are made from polyethylene terephthalate or a material with similar technical properties.

A mirror-image arrangement of the connection fittings 1 of the container 2 is particularly advantageous if the connection fittings during a later processing of the container 2 , for. B. when coating with a protective cover 53 , can be used for positioning and / or when using two pairs of levers 22 are pressure equalizing.

On the finished container on the connection fitting 1, external parts such as rosettes 10 of the connection fittings, lock nuts 7 , lock rings 7 ¹ or freely rotatable disks 30 can have an out-of-round shape for anchoring in a protective cover 53 to be applied in a further work step as a protection against twisting , (→ Fig. 11). This stabilizes their position on the finished container.

A counter ring 7 ^{1 to} be applied can be expanded by heating prior to application to the connection fitting 1 and shrunk on after application to the connection fitting 1 .

A lock nut 7 to be applied or a lock ring 7 ¹ and the connector fitting 1 accommodating them can have self-locking bulges or indentations in their contact surfaces which, after assembly or after assembly, result in a positive locking in the warm state of the outer part.

The containers 2 provided with a stabilizing net 50 can be provided with an enveloping protective layer 53 during or after cooling in a further operation in the injection molding process, in particular also as protection against stone chipping and other damage.

This protective layer 53 is anchored in depressions in the outer surfaces of rosettes 10 , in free threads, free sections of the bands and in chain links and on the rings of the net 50 .

The webs in the mesh of the net also offer anchoring options Connect, mix or merge.

For better adhesion of a protective layer 53 to be applied in the injection molding process, the surface of the container is subjected to a coronary, flame or plasma treatment.

It is conceivable to protect the material of the hot hose when screwing on by blowing air through radial channels of the connection fitting so that it is blown through the outer surface of the connection fitting such that the hose 14 adapts to the shape of the connection fitting but without snuggling up to him during the blow-out period.

In cases where the container is only reinforced in the circumferential direction, the axially acting force picked up by a steel cable, a pipe or a chain, which in the two head pieces of the container is anchored. It is expedient to connect them with rosettes from Connection sleeves or nipples. Either the rosettes must be attached outside the container wall or the pressure is absorbed by nuts screwed onto the connecting sleeves or nipples, which act against the Press the outer wall.

Description of the figures

Fig. 1 shows the mold 5 with attached on the outer wall network 50, a recess 31 in the mold wall with the terminal fitting 1, which is held ready on the movable mandrel 11.

In the interior of the tool, the counter ring 7 ^{1 is} temporarily attached to the blow pipe 4 located there at this time. The blow pipe is surrounded by the inflated hot hose 14 . It directs the blown air 13 through the blow-out holes 8 into the hot hose and causes it to expand. The shut-off of the hot hose 14 lying below during the blowing process is not shown because it is known.

In FIG. 2, 18 emerging blown air is an aperture 19 of small diameter blown into the hot tube under the action of 14,132 from the small opening in preparation for the piercing of the hot tube 14 by the terminal fitting 1.

In Fig. 3, under the action of the blown air flowing out openings 8 ¹ 13, the sharp leading edge 6 of the terminal fittings 1 pierce the nascent expansion in the hot tube 14 and approaches the content provided on the blowpipe 4 lock ring 7 ^1.

Fig. 4 shows the pressure container 2 completely formed from the hot hose after the hot hose has been fully expanded and the connection fitting 1 , the container wall 2 formed from the hose, is clamped between the rosette 10 and the counter ring 7 ¹ .

Because connection fitting 1 with rosette 10 are retracted into the tool recess 31 , the wall of the container 2 could solidify in a smooth state.

After opening the mold 5 , the container is removed, which if necessary in a further operation with an enveloping protective layer z. B. is to be provided against falling rocks.

Fig. 5 shows the connection fitting 1 , transported from the movable mandrel 11 to the lock nut 7 attached to the blow pipe 4 , the hot hose 14 having been pierced before it is clamped by the further advancing connection fitting 1 with an integrated rosette 10 becomes. To screw the connection fitting 1 into the lock nut 7 , the mandrel 11 carrying the connection fitting 1 is set in rotation. The freely rotatable disk 30 in front of the rosette 10 prevents the hot hose 14 from being damaged as a result of the rotation when the connection fitting 1 with the integrated rosette 10 is screwed in.

In Fig. 6, in addition to a blow pipe, not shown, inside the inflated hot hose 14, a spindle 23 is drawn with opposing threaded sections, which carries on the threaded pieces 24 two pairs of levers 22 , which in turn each hold a lock ring 7 ¹ in alignment with those on the Thorns 11 ¹ connection fittings 1 .

The sharp-edged design of the front outer edge 6 of the connection fitting 1 supports the penetration of the hot hose 14 .

In Fig. 7 can be seen how the two pairs of levers are grasped 22 with adhesive guard ring 7 ¹ being extended, while in Fig. Per a lock nut 7 of the two pairs of levers 22 of the content provided in the recess 31 on the tubular mandrel 11 ¹ connecting 7a Fitting 1 is led. Then the mandrel 11 ¹ with the connection fitting 1 is rotated so that the lock nut 7 is screwed onto the external thread 9 of the connection fitting 1 and clamps the expanded hot hose 14 against the freely rotatable disk 30 .

The slug detached from the hose when the hot hose 14 is pierced through the connection fitting 1 can be conveyed through the tubular mandrel 11 ¹ by means of a vacuum to the outside of the tool.

In Fig. 8 the pairs of levers 22 are extended to the end position. The expanded hot hose 14 is clamped between the counter ring 7 and the freely rotatable disk 30 (located in front of the rosette 10 of the connection fitting 1 ), the mandrel 11 not being moved.

On sheet 9 in Fig. 9 to 9e conceivable shapes of the freely rotatable discs, lock rings and rosettes are shown, between which the hot hose is clamped gently and gently.

Fig. 9 On the connection fitting 1 , the freely rotatable disks 30 and 30 ^{1 are} wave-shaped. They are pressed together by the lock nut 7 against the rosette 10 of the connection fitting and thus hold the hose 14 gently clamped.

In FIG. 9a the bulges engage in a meandering shape while they are in 9b are designed as interlocking grooves.

In FIG. 9c they are pressed into the hose 14 in a punctiform manner, while in FIGS. 9d and 9e spacing elements limit the contact pressure.

Fig. 10 shows the molded container with opposing connection fittings in the container shell, as can be seen in the tool 5 .

In Figs. 11 to 13, the container creation is described schematically from a preform.

In Fig. 11 the preform can be seen before its axial expansion, in Fig. 12 after its axial expansion in the mold, in which the net is attached to the outer wall.

Fig. 13 schematically shows the preform after its horizontal expansion as bears against the outer wall of the mold, the net touching.

Claims (56)

1. A method for manufacturing pressure vessels in the blown air or injection molding process from plasticizable plastic, characterized in that the container is integrated in the manufacture of a reinforcing, stabilizing network ( 50 ) in a force-fitting and / or form-fitting manner in its outer region. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the network ( 50 ) is brought into the mold interior in the manufacture of the pressure vessel before the introduction of the material to be molded. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the network ( 50 ) is made of threads, ribbons or link chains, which can consist of metal. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the net-forming threads, Bands or link chains welded together, rented, glued and / or form-fitting are hooked into each other or with each other. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angle of the two running directions of the network ( 50 ) forming threads, tapes or link chains corresponds to the specific compressive stresses in the axial and radial directions of the container wall. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that so-called webs are attached in the mesh of the network ( 50 ). 7. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the network with The web is attached to the inner wall of the molding tool and the If necessary, webs coated with an adhesive primer or adhesion promoter, statically charged or exposed to vacuum and at least the webbed membrane of the container wall adhere temporarily. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that connection fittings ( 1 ) are anchored in or on the container wall ( 2 ). 9. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that connection fittings ( 1 ) and some or all of the parts touching the container wall are made of the same material or of the same family of plastics as the container. 10. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that connection fittings ( 1 ), some or all of the parts touching the container wall and the container are made of polyethylene terephthalate or another material with properties that can be used equally. 11. A method for manufacturing pressure vessels according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the network ( 50 ) is partially or everywhere provided in place of nodes with rings to which the network-forming threads, tapes or chain links are attached. 12. A method for manufacturing pressure vessels with connection fittings ( 1 ) and a ring provided with a network ( 50 ), also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the network ( 50 ) is structured so that the rings before insertion be positioned in the mold at those points where connection fittings ( 1 ) are provided. 13. A method for producing pressure vessels with connection fittings ( 1 ) and a ring-provided network ( 50 ), also according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the network ( 50 ) already before the formation of the container by means of the rings molded connection fittings ( 1 ) not yet fully expanded preforms (press molds) is positioned, while the rings provide the connection fittings ( 1 ) hold and protection after completion of the container. 14. A method for producing pressure vessels in the blowing process with connection fittings ( 1 ) in the container wall ( 2 ), characterized in that a blow pipe ( 4 ) is inserted into the mold ( 5 ), which is to be attached to an outer jacket ( 2 ) Connection fitting ( 1 ) temporarily supports a lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) that furthermore in or on the tool wall ( 2 ) a connection fitting ( 1 ) with a fixed rosette ( 10 ) is kept ready on a movable mandrel ( 11 ) before the hot one Hose ( 14 ) the lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) located on the pipe ( 4 ) is inserted into the mold ( 5 ), the shaping air ( 13 ) flows through the blow pipe ( 4 ) into the hose ( 14 ), which is the connection -Fitting ( 1 ) carrying dome ( 11 ) moves against the wall of the expanding hose ( 14 ), the hose wall ( 14 ), possibly also with the participation of air discharge holes ( 8 ¹ ) arranged around the lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) 13 ) you rchstoßt and pressing the hose wall ( 14 ) against or around the jacket ( 16 ) of the connection fitting ( 1 ), while the connection fitting ( 1 ) held by the dome ( 11 ) with a fixed rosette ( 10 ) continues to the the lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) attached to the blow pipe ( 4 ) is moved and pushed into the opening of the lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) and the connection fitting ( 1 ) with seated lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) is clamped off the blow pipe ( 4 ) or loosening, clamping the hose wall ( 14 ) between the counter ring ( 7 ¹ ) and rosette ( 10 ) of the connection fitting ( 1 ), is pulled back to the starting position. 15. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that an outlet opening ( 18 ) for blowing air ( 13 ¹ ) is attached and dimensioned to the blowing tube ( 4 ) in the middle behind the counter ring positioned on the blowing tube ( 7 ¹ ) is that an opening ( 19 ) is formed in the wall of the inserted hot hose ( 14 ) by the blowing air ( 13 ¹ ) flowing out. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the connection fitting ( 1 ) is so sharp-edged ( 6 ) on its front outer edge that the wall of the inserted expanding hot hose ( 14 ) completely or largely entirely in contact Area of the circumference of the connection fitting ( 1 ) is intersected by the sharp edge ( 6 ). 17. A method for producing pressure vessels in the blowing process with connection fittings ( 1 ) in the container wall ( 2 ), characterized in that in the wall of the mold ( 5 ) for the rosette of the connection fittings ( 1 ), and all in the finished Containers projecting beyond the outer container wall parts a recess ( 31 ) is created so that the container wall ( 14 ) solidifies in this area in flatness or natural rounding of the container. 18. The method and device according to one or more of claims 14 to 17, but characterized in that the lock rings ( 7 ¹ ) instead of a blowpipe ( 4 ) on a pair of lever arms ( 22 ) or two mirror-image pairs of lever arms 22 temporarily attached are and are moved by these so that the lock rings ( 7 ¹ ) of the wall of the expanding by blowing air hose ( 14 ) track and are pushed onto the positioned on the wall of the mold fittings that surround the fittings ( 1 ) Parts of the hose ( 14 ) formed into the housing wall are pinched. 19. The method according to the preceding claim, however, characterized in that a pair of lever arms ( 22 ) or a plurality of pairs of lever arms ( 22 ) by a driven shaft ( 23 ) with opposite threaded sections ( 23 ) and threaded pieces ( 24 , 24 ¹ ) on each of the threaded sections is moved and that the pressure generated by the lever arms ( 22 ) on the lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) when applied to the connection fitting ( 1 ) is regulated via the torque of the shaft ( 23 ) or the current consumption of its drive. 20. The method according to one or both of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 23 ) is designed as a blowpipe with blow-out openings in the tube jacket. 21. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that a lock nut ( 7 ) is used in place of a lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) and the connection fitting ( 1 ) is provided with an external thread ( 9 ). 22. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the internal thread of the lock nut ( 7 ) and the external thread ( 9 ) of the connection fitting ( 1 ) have self-locking bulges which only allow a tightening of the lock nut ( 7 ). 23. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 22, characterized in that the lock nut ( 7 ) and / or the rosette ( 10 ) located on the connection fitting ( 1 ) is assigned a freely rotatable disc ( 30 ) which is used for fastening exerts pressure on the hose wall ( 14 ) by screwing on to avoid damage to the hose due to rotating movements of the contact surfaces. 24. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the diameter of the freely rotatable disc ( 30 ) or ( 30 ¹ ) is a multiple of the diameter of the lock nut ( 7 ) or the rosette ( 10 ) of the connection fitting ( 1 ) has or have. 25. The method according to one or both claims 23 and 24, characterized in that the container wall-side support surfaces ( 30 ¹ ) of freely rotatable disc ( 30 ) in front of lock nut ( 7 ) or rosette ( 10 ) of the sleeve ( 1 ) or the lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) provided with mutually offset and thus compatible bulges, for. B. by concentrically arranged grooves, elevations and depressions, knurls and counter-knurls, pins, and the like for permanent, positive locking of the container wall ( 14 ) in the region of the connection fittings ( 1 ). 26. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the mutually compatible bulges ( 30 ¹ ) of the discs ( 30 ) have some spacing ( 25 ) elevations, which limit the contact pressure on the container wall ( 2 ) to be held because compatible recesses missing on their opposite side. 27. The method according to one or more of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that the opposing surfaces ( 30 ¹ ) of freely rotating disc ( 30 ), lock nut ( 7 ), lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) or rosette ( 10 ) with one are provided for the material of the container wall ( 2 ) acting as a primer. 28. The method according to one or more of claims 14 to 27, characterized in that the lock nut ( 7 ) or the lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) positioned on the blowpipe ( 4 ) is temperature-controlled before application to the connection fitting and / or the other parts touching the hose are tempered before they are brought into position. 29. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 28, insofar as a lock nut ( 7 ) is used, characterized in that the screwing on of the lock nut ( 7 ) is carried out by turning the dome ( 11 ) carrying the connection fitting ( 1 ). 30. The method according to one or more of claims 14 to 29 for the manufacture of pressure vessels, characterized in that a permanently elastic seal is attached between the container wall ( 2 ) and rosette ( 10 ) or counter ring ( 7 ³ ). 31. The method and device according to one or more of claims 14 to 30, but characterized in that the locking takes place in place of a lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) or a lock nut ( 7 ) by a resilient, perforated washer z. B. from spring steel, the inner diameter of which is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the connection fitting ( 1 ), optionally in connection with an upstream disk, formed similarly to the freely rotatable disk ( 30 ). 32. Method for producing pressure vessels in the blow molding process with connection fittings ( 1 ) in the vessel wall ( 2 ) from preheated preforms (characterized in that the desired length is reached in a first axial stretching pass and that already in the preforms) molded connection fittings 1 are brought into the intended position level. 33. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the Preform is formed in the two-stage stretch blow molding process. 34. The method according to claim 32 or 33, characterized in that the preform was provided with a hole in the jacket ( 8 ) provided with a tube ( 4 ¹ ) before its introduction into the mold, which has the three functions: a) introducing the blown air ( 13 ) for stretching in the radial direction, b) later exchange of air in the finished container, c) spacers between the two head ends of the container that are subjected to tension. 35. The method according to one or more of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that a net ( 50 ) is brought into the interior of the tool in the manufacture of the pressure vessel before the introduction of the preform. 36. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that the preform is surrounded before the introduction into the interior of the mold with a ring provided with rings ( 50 ), which with the rings on the formed connection fittings ( 1 ) the preform is positioned and attached. 37. The method according to any one of claims 32 to 36, but characterized in that one or all of the molded connection fittings ( 1 ) of the preform from the wall of the molding tool emerging mandrels ( 11 ) are introduced, on which the molded connection fittings ( 1 ) slide axially into the intended position or the recesses ( 31 ) provided for them. 38. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the guide dome ( 11 ) is cooled. 39. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 39, characterized in that the mandrel ( 11 ) is rotatable. 40. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the dome ( 11 ) is provided with a flattened external thread, the pitch of which can correspond to that of the internal thread of the associated connection fittings. 41. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 40, characterized in that in the case of a mirror-image arrangement of two connection fittings ( 1 ), a continuous dome ( 11 ) is used which, in the case of which it is provided with a thread, has two opposing thread areas having. 42. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 41, characterized in that a photo sensor is installed in the wall of the mold, which, via a control device, the pre-jerking of a mandrel ( 11 ) at the moment when the corresponding connection Fitting ( 1 ) moves in front of the dome ( 11 ), so that the dome ( 11 ) receives the connection fitting ( 1 ) in order to guide it into its intended position. 43. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the Preform for the manufacture of the container made of polyethylene terephthalate or one other material with the same usable properties such as B. Processability by blowing or Injection molding, strength, cold flow behavior and temperature resistance. 44. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the cutout ( 21 ) is removed from the hose wall by means of vacuum through the connection fitting ( 1 ) and a tubular mandrel ( 11 ¹ ) to the outside of the mold ( 5 ). 45. The method according to one or more of claims 9 to 44, characterized in that the connection fittings ( 1 ) are arranged in mirror image so that they can be used for positioning the container ( 2 ) in a further processing of the container ( 2 ) and / or the arrangement when applying the lock ring ( 7 ¹ ) or lock nut ( 7 ) acts on both lever pairs ( 22 ) to equalize pressure. 46. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, as far as a protective cover is applied to the containers in a later operation, characterized in that external parts such as rosette ( 10 ) of the connection fitting ( 1 ), lock nuts ( 7 ), lock rings ( 7 ¹ ) or freely rotatable disks ( 30 ) for anchoring in and with the protective cover ( 53 ) to be applied in a further work step have a non-circular shape that prevents rotation and / or that they provide an additional anchoring option if necessary by circumferential grooves in the protective cover. 47. Method for producing pressure vessels in a blowing process with connection fittings ( 1 ) in the container wall ( 2 ), characterized in that a counter ring ( 7 ¹ ) is expanded by heating before being applied to the connection fitting ( 1 ), that it is pushed onto the colder connection fitting ( 1 ) and shrinks onto the connection fitting ( 1 ) there. 48. Method for producing pressure vessels in the blowing process with connection fittings ( 1 ) in the container wall ( 2 ), characterized in that the inside of a lock ring to be applied ( 7 ¹ ) or a lock nut ( 7 ) and the outer jacket ( 9 ) of the Connection fittings ( 1 ) have self-locking bulges ( 12 ) which, after both parts have cooled, result in a positive locking of the lock nut ( 7 ) or the lock ring ( 7 ¹ ). 49. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container ( 2 ) are surrounded during or after cooling with an enveloping protective layer ( 53 ) in the injection molding process. 50. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the enveloping layer ( 53 ) is designed so that it is a protection against stone chip damage to the container. 51. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the protective layer ( 53 ) anchored during application in depressions ( 51 ) on the outside of the rosette ( 10 ) of the connection fitting ( 1 ). 52. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, insofar as a net ( 50 ) is used, characterized in that the net has rings, free threads, bands or chain links, to which the protective cover ( 53 ) is anchored when it is applied. 53. The method according to any one of claims 49 to 52, characterized in that the material of the webs and / or an adhesive base applied to the net and / or the webs melt due to the heat present during molding and combine with the material of the container wall ( 2 ) , mix or merge with it. 54. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 40, characterized in that the outer surface of the container ( 2 ) is subjected to a coronary, flame or plasma treatment before the protective cover ( 53 ) is applied or before the network ( 50 ) is coated become. 55. The method according to one or more of claims 14 to 16, and 18 to 48, insofar as a hot hose is pierced by the connection fitting ( 1 ), characterized in that blown air through the outer lateral surface ( 9 ) of the connection fitting ( 1 ) is blown out so that the hose adapts well to the shape of the outer surface of the connection fitting ( 1 ), but without conforming to it during the time it is blown out. 56. Method of manufacturing pressure vessels according to one or more of the previous claims, but characterized in that only a reinforcement instead of a network takes place in the circumferential direction of the container and the axial force acting on the two head ends is picked up by a steel cable, a tube or a chain, which in the two Head pieces of the container through connection fittings, rosettes, lock nuts, lock rings is anchored.