DE102022208142A1 - Winding, component for an electrical machine and method for producing a winding - Google Patents

Abstract

A component (100) of an electrical machine (105) comprises an annular laminated core (115) with a plurality of grooves (122, 132, 142, 152) extending axially through the laminated core (115) for receiving partial strands (a1) of the winding (110) in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. A first partial strand (a1) of the winding (110) has. A first partial strand (a1) of the winding (110) has a first input section (120) which is arranged in a first input groove (122). The first input groove (122) is positioned at a first input position of a first input layer and a first twist direction is assigned to the first input position. In addition, the first partial strand (a1) has a first output section (130) which is arranged in a first output groove (132). The first starting groove (132) is positioned at a first starting position of a first starting position. The first input position and the first output position correspond to different winding positions of the laminated core (115) and the first input position is spaced from the first starting position. A second twist direction (T2) is assigned to the first starting position and the first output section (130) is connected to a second input section (140) of a second partial strand (A2) of the winding (110). In addition, the first partial strand (a1) has a first connecting section (124) for connecting the first input section (120) to the first output section (130).

Description

The present invention relates to a winding, a component for an electrical machine, an electrical machine, a transmission device, an electric axle drive, a motor vehicle and a method for producing a winding.

Electric machines may include components with windings of, for example, copper wires for conducting electrical energy to generate magnetic fields. The tension of such windings can be realized on a complete winding layer of the component due to additional wiring elements or lost and additional motion.

Against this background, the present invention provides an improved winding, an improved component for an electrical machine, an improved electrical machine, an improved transmission device, an improved electric axle drive, an improved motor vehicle and an improved method for producing a winding according to the main claims. Advantageous refinements result from the subclaims and the following description.

The winding presented here has a reduced winding head height. This allows the installation space requirement and the copper weight to be reduced. In addition, the winding has good manufacturability and a compact circuit.

A winding is provided for a component of an electrical machine, the component comprising an annular laminated core with a plurality of grooves extending axially through the laminated core for receiving partial strands of the winding in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. At least a first partial strand of the winding has a first input section which is arranged in a first input groove of the slots. The first input groove is positioned at a first input position of a first input layer of the winding layers and the first input position is assigned a first twist direction of the winding. In addition, the first partial strand has a first output section which is arranged in a first output groove of the grooves. The first starting groove is positioned at a first starting position of a first starting position of the winding layers. The first input position and the first starting position correspond to different winding positions and the first input position is spaced along the circumference from the first starting position. The first initial position is assigned a second twist direction of the winding that differs from the first twist direction and the first output section is connected to a second input section of a second partial strand of the winding. In addition, the first partial strand has a first connecting section for connecting the first input section to the first output section of the first partial strand.

The electric machine can be, for example, an electric drive or another electric machine, for example for a vehicle. The electric machine may include various components, such as a rotor and a stator. The component, for example an annular stator, can be designed as a laminated core made up of several individual sheets through which the grooves for receiving the partial strands of the winding extend. The grooves can be numbered along the circumference of the laminated core so that each groove can be assigned a unique position. Each of the grooves can accommodate a plurality of partial strands, which can be arranged radially adjacent in the groove. The number of partial strands that can be accommodated by a groove can correspond to a number of winding layers. The winding layers can therefore represent different sections of the grooves. The winding can be, for example, a flat wire winding, the individual strands of which can be designed, for example, as so-called hairpin wires, that is, as electrically conductive wires with a hairpin-like geometry. The individual partial strands can, for example, be inserted into the corresponding grooves in the laminated core and connected to one another on a twist side. In the winding presented here, a first input section and a first output section of the first partial strand, which can be understood as essentially parallel legs of the hairpin wire, are arranged in different grooves at different radial positions and in different winding positions of the laminated core. If the laminated core has, for example, four winding layers, the first input section can, for example, be arranged in a second winding layer located radially on the inside. On a crown side of the laminated core opposite the twist side, the first input section can be connected to the first output section by the first connecting section, for example over several positions and via a third winding layer, which can be arranged, for example, in a fourth winding layer of the laminated core. The second winding layer or the first input layer and the fourth winding layer or the first starting layer can have different twists, for example opposite twists assigned directions. A twist direction can be understood as meaning a direction or an angle in which an end section of a hairpin wire protrudes from the laminated core. For example, two wire ends with opposite twist directions can be connected to one another, that is, twisted or twisted around each other. In this way, in the winding presented here, the first output section on the twist side is connected to the second input section of the second partial strand. The second input section can be arranged, for example, in the third winding layer of the four-layer laminated core, for example, if the third winding layer is in turn assigned a twist direction opposite to the fourth winding layer. By arranging and interconnecting individual sub-strands of the winding across different winding layers of the laminated core, compact interconnection and a reduced winding head height can advantageously be achieved. As a result, the overall space requirement of the entire component as well as the copper weight can be reduced.

According to one embodiment, the second input section of the second partial strand can be arranged in a second input groove of the grooves. The second input groove can be positioned at a second input position of a second input layer of the winding layers and the first twist direction of the winding can be assigned to the second input layer. The second input section can be connected to a second output section via a second connecting section, wherein the second output section can be arranged in a second output groove of the grooves. In addition, the second output groove can be positioned at a second starting position of a second starting position of the winding layers, wherein the second starting position can be assigned the second twist direction of the winding. The second output section can be connected to a further first input section of a further first partial strand. In the case of a component with, for example, a four-layer laminated core, the first partial strand with the first input section can, for example, be arranged in, for example, a second winding layer, which can, for example, be assigned the first twist direction. The first output section can, for example, be arranged in a fourth winding layer, to which the second twist direction can be assigned. This first output section can be connected to the second input section, which can be arranged, for example, in a third winding layer, whereby the first twist direction can again be assigned to this third winding layer. Advantageously, the first, second output section and the second input section can be optimally interconnected due to the opposing twist directions. The second sub-strand can now be routed across layers similar to the first sub-strand. For example, the second input section can be arranged in a third winding layer of the laminated core and the second connecting section can connect the second input section to the second output section via the second winding layer, wherein the second output section can be arranged, for example, in a first winding layer of the laminated core. The first winding layer can, for example, be assigned the second twist direction, so that the input sections and the output sections of the partial strands can each be arranged in winding layers with different twist directions.

According to a further embodiment, the winding can comprise a plurality of first and second partial strands, which can be connected to one another alternately. The arrangement of input sections and output sections as well as the interconnection of the individual sub-strands can be carried out across layers and follow the previously described pattern of the first sub-strand and the second sub-strand. Advantageously, the winding can be produced with a reduced winding head height, little installation space requirement and minimal material expenditure.

According to a further embodiment, the first input layer can be selected from a radially inner half of the winding layers. For example, the individual winding layers of the laminated core can be numbered, whereby the number of the first input layer can be smaller than or at most the same as a number of the total number of all winding layers. For example, the formula X <= L/2 can be used, where X can denote the input layer and L the total number of all winding layers.

According to a further embodiment, the first input layer can be arranged at a distance from the first output layer by half of a total number of winding layers. For example, the first connecting section can bridge the half of the total number of all winding layers reduced by one winding layer. For example, the formula X+L/2 can be used, where X can denote the starting position and L the total number of all winding layers.

In addition, a distance between the first input layer and an inside of the winding can be equal to a distance between the first initial position and an outside of the winding. For example, in a four-layer laminated core, for example, the first input layer can correspond to the first, i.e. innermost, winding layer and the The first starting layer can correspond to the fourth, i.e. the outermost, winding layer, provided that the first and fourth winding layers are assigned opposite twist directions. Alternatively, for example, the first input layer can correspond to the second winding layer and the first output layer can correspond to the third winding layer, so that one winding layer can be at a distance from the inside and from the outside of the winding. For example, the formula L-X+1 can be used, where X can denote the input layer and L the total number of all winding layers.

According to a further embodiment, the second input layer can be selected from a radially outer half of the winding layers. For example, the individual winding layers of the laminated core can be numbered, whereby the number of the first input layer can be greater than or at least equal to a number of the total number of all winding layers. For example, the formula X >= L/2 can be used, where X can denote the input layer and L the total number of all winding layers.

In addition, the second input layer can be arranged at a distance from the second output layer by half of a total number of winding layers. In the case of a four-layer laminated core, for example, the second input layer can correspond, for example, to the third winding layer (X >= L/2) and the second output layer can, for example, correspond to the first winding layer. For example, the formula X - L/2 can be used, where X can denote the second input layer and L the total number of all winding layers.

In addition, a distance between the second input layer and an inside of the winding can be equal to a distance between the second initial layer and an outside of the winding. For example, in the case of a four-layer laminated core, for example, the second input layer can correspond to the third winding layer (X>=L/2) and the second output layer can correspond to the second winding layer, provided that the second and third winding layers are assigned opposite twist directions. For example, the formula L+X-1 can be used, where X can denote the input layer and L the total number of all winding layers. In the case of a four-layer laminated core, the sixth winding layer calculated using this formula can correspond to the second winding layer.

According to a further embodiment, the first initial position and the second input position can be arranged adjacent to one another. Different twist directions can be assigned to the adjacent winding layers. For example, in a four-layer laminated core, the first starting layer can correspond to the fourth winding layer and the second input layer can correspond to the third winding layer. Starting from an odd number of winding layers between the first starting layer and an inside of the winding, the formula X+L/2-1 can be used, for example, where X can denote the input layer with all wrapping layers. If there is an even number of winding layers between the first starting layer and the inside of the winding, the formula X+L/2+1 can be used, for example. In such an embodiment, the first input layer with X<=L/2 can correspond to the first winding layer, the first output layer can correspond to the third winding layer and the second input layer can correspond to the fourth winding layer. However, if the formula L-X+1 is used to determine the first initial position, the formula L-X+2 can be used to determine the second initial position and vice versa when determining the first initial position using the formula L+X-1 the formula L+X-2 can be used to determine the second input position.

In addition, a component for an electrical machine with a variant of the winding presented previously is presented. The component also includes the annular laminated core with the plurality of grooves extending axially through the laminated core for receiving the partial strands of the winding in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. This combination advantageously allows the previously described advantages to be optimally implemented.

According to one embodiment, the component may include three of the previously described windings. The windings can, for example, correspond to three different phases, all of which can be wound according to the same winding pattern. Advantageously, a compact component with optimized interconnection of the individual phases can thereby be realized.

An electrical machine can include a component that can be designed as either a stator or a rotor. For example, the component can include three of the windings mentioned.

The electric machine is suitable, for example, for an electric axle drive. Such an electric axle drive for a motor vehicle includes at least one electric machine, a transmission device and a power converter. The power converter can be designed, for example, as an inverter.

Using the power converter, an electrical current required to operate the electrical machine can be provided. Using the transmission device, a torque provided by the electric machine can be converted into a drive torque for driving at least one wheel of the motor vehicle. The transmission device can have a transmission for reducing the speed of the electric machine and optionally a differential.

Accordingly, a motor vehicle can include a said electric machine and additionally or alternatively a said electric axle drive.

In addition, a method for producing a variant of the previously presented winding for a variant of the previously presented component is presented. The method includes a step of passing the first partial strand of the winding through the first input groove positioned at the first input position of the first input layer, wherein the first input position is assigned a first twist direction of the winding. In addition, the method includes a step of further passing the first partial strand through the first output groove positioned at the first starting position of the first starting position, wherein the first starting position is assigned a second twisting direction of the winding that differs from the first twisting direction. The step of carrying out and further carrying out can, for example, be carried out simultaneously, in particular if a so-called hairpin wire is selected as the partial strand. Furthermore, the method includes a step of connecting the first output section of the first partial strand to a second input section of a second partial strand of the winding.

• 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Komponente einer elektrischen Maschine mit einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2 eine schematische Draufsichtsdarstellung einer Komponente mit einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 eine schematische Draufsichtsdarstellung einer Komponente mit einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 5 eine tabellarische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Wickelschemas für eine Wicklung;
• 6 eine tabellarische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Wickelschemas für eine Wicklung;
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Teilstrangs gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 8 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zum Herstellen einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel.
• 9 ein Kraftfahrzeug gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiels.

The invention is explained in more detail using the accompanying drawings. Show it:

• 1 a schematic side view of a component of an electrical machine with a winding according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 2 a schematic top view representation of a component with a winding according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 3 a schematic top view representation of a component with a winding according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 5 a tabular representation of an exemplary embodiment of a winding scheme for a winding;
• 6 a tabular representation of an exemplary embodiment of a winding scheme for a winding;
• 7 a schematic representation of a first partial strand according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 8th a flowchart of a method for producing a winding according to an exemplary embodiment.
• 9 a motor vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment.

In the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numbers are used for the elements shown in the various figures and having a similar effect, with a repeated description of these elements being omitted.

1 shows a schematic side view of a component 100 of an electrical machine 105 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The component 100 is designed as a stator merely by way of example and comprises an annular laminated core 115 with a plurality of grooves extending axially through the laminated core for receiving partial strands of the winding 110 in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. The partial strands are merely exemplary as flat wires designed to conduct an electrical energy flow with a hairpin-like geometry, which is why they can also be referred to as hairpins or hairpin wires.

The winding 110 comprises a first partial strand a1, the first input section 120 of which is arranged in a first input groove 122 of the slots, the first input groove 122 being positioned at a first input position of a first input layer of the winding layers and the first input layer having a first twist direction Winding is assigned. The first input section 120 is connected to a first output section 130 via a first connection section 124 on a crown side 125 of the winding 110. The first output section 130 is arranged in a first output groove 132 of the grooves, the first output groove 132 being positioned at a first starting position of a first starting position of the winding layers. The first input position and the first output position correspond to different winding layers, with the first output position being assigned a second twist direction of the winding that differs from the first twist direction. In addition, the first entry position is spaced apart from the first initial position along a circumference of the laminated core 115.

On a twist side 135 of the winding 110 opposite the crown side 125, the first output section 130 is connected to a second input section 140 of a second partial strand A2. In this exemplary embodiment, the second input section 140 is arranged in a second input groove 142, with the second input groove 142 being positioned, for example, at a second input position of a second input position. The first twist direction of the winding is assigned to the second input layer. The second input section 142 is connected to a second output section 150 via a second connection section 144, merely by way of example. The second output section 150 is arranged in a second output groove 152. In this exemplary embodiment, the second output groove 152 is positioned at a second starting position of a second starting position, the second starting position being assigned the second twist direction of the winding.

2 shows a schematic top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The component 100 and winding 110 shown here correspond or are similar to the component and winding described in the previous figure. The component 100 is shown from the twist side in the illustration shown here. In this exemplary embodiment, the annular laminated core 115 of the component 100 comprises four winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4 for receiving the winding 110, which corresponds to a U-phase only by way of example. In this exemplary embodiment, the laminated core 115 is also designed to accommodate a further winding 200, which corresponds to a W phase only by way of example, and an additional winding 205, which corresponds to a V phase only by way of example. The winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4 of the laminated core 115 are arranged radially adjacent to one another, with only an example of a first winding layer L1 being arranged on an inside 210 of the winding 110 and a fourth winding layer L4 on an outside 215.

3 shows a schematic top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The component 100 and winding 110 shown here correspond or are similar to the component and winding described in the previous figures. The component 100 is shown from the crown side in the illustration shown here.

The 4A and 4B each show an oblique top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The component 100 and winding 110 shown here correspond or are similar to the component and winding described in the previous figures. The component 100 comprises an annular laminated core 115 with a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. Each winding layer has a plurality of grooves 122, 132, 142 extending axially through the laminated core 115 for receiving partial strands of the winding 110, the grooves 122, 132, 142 being positioned along a circumference of a winding layer. The component 100 is shown from the crown side in both illustrations shown here, with the connecting sections 124, 144 and further connecting sections of further sub-strands in the 4B are shaped similar to a flat roof. This shape is compared to that in 4A The arch shape shown also saves material.

5 shows a tabular representation of an exemplary embodiment of a winding scheme 500 for a winding as described in the previous figures. The winding scheme 500 shown here is designed as an example for a component with a laminated core with, for example, 54 slots and a respective number of holes 3 for accommodating a total of three windings 110, 200, 205, in which, for example, the phases U, W and V are carried. Positions 1 to 54 of the grooves along the circumference of the laminated core are indicated in the top three lines of the table, the top row corresponding to the further winding 110 carrying the U phase, and the row below corresponding to the second winding 200 carrying the W phase and the row below it of the additional winding 205 leading the V phase. The positions of the respective connections of the individual phases are indicated in the fourth row, where U1 denotes an input and U2 denotes an output of the U phase, W1 denotes an input and W2 denotes one Output of the W phase and V1 an input and V2 an output of the V phase.

Four lines below the position markings correspond, for example, to four winding layers of the winding. Here, the first winding layer L1 corresponds, for example, to a winding layer on the inside of the winding. The second winding layer L2 is arranged below the first winding layer L1 in the table shown here and is to be understood as a winding layer arranged radially adjacent to L1 in the laminated core. The line arranged below also denotes the third winding layer L3 arranged radially adjacent to the second winding layer L2 and the line arranged below denotes the fourth winding layer L4 arranged radially adjacent to the third winding layer L3, the fourth winding layer L4 in this exemplary embodiment being on the outside of the winding is arranged. Two different twist directions T1, T2 are assigned to the individual winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4. The second and third winding layer L2 is merely an example, L3 is each assigned a first twist direction T1, which is left-directed only as an example in the illustration shown here. In this exemplary embodiment, the first and fourth winding layers L1, L4 are assigned an opposite, i.e. right-directed, second twist direction T2. In the bottom line of the winding diagram 500, inputs and outputs of the partial strands of the winding are marked starting from a twist side of the winding.

In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the winding scheme 500 is shown merely as an example using a winding of the U-phase. The remaining windings can be wound according to the same scheme.

In this exemplary embodiment, a first partial strand a1 of the winding is as in the previous one 1 was described, with the first input section arranged in a first input groove. The first input groove is positioned, for example, at a first input position 40 of a first input position. An arrow identifying the input position 40 in the first input position is drawn in the figure shown here to the left of the corresponding position in order not to obscure the labeling of the partial strand a1.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first input position corresponds to the second winding layer L2 of the laminated core, to which the first twist direction T1 of the winding is assigned. Merely as an example, the first input layer is selected from a radially inner half of the winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4, according to the formula L4.

The first output section of the partial strand a1 is arranged in a first output groove, which is positioned at a first starting position 33 of a first starting position. An arrow identifying the starting position 40 in the first starting position is drawn in the illustration shown here to the right of the corresponding position and in a different winding position in order not to obscure the labeling of the partial strand a1.

The first starting position corresponds, for example, to the fourth winding layer L4 of the laminated core. Correspondingly, in this exemplary embodiment, the first starting position is arranged at a distance from the first input layer by half of a total number of winding layers, according to the formula X+L/2, where X denotes the starting position and L the total number of all winding layers. The first starting position is assigned the second twist direction T2 of the winding, which differs from the first twist direction T1.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first starting position 33 is arranged at a distance from the first starting position 40 along the circumference at a distance of only, for example, seven positions.

The first output section of the first sub-strand a1 is connected to a second input section of a second sub-strand A2, as in the previous one 1 was described. For this purpose, the second input section of the second partial strand A2 is arranged in a second input groove, which is positioned at a second input position 24 of a second input position. In this exemplary embodiment, the second input layer corresponds to the third winding layer L3, to which the first twist direction T1 of the winding is assigned. Since the second input position 24 is arranged nine positions apart from the first starting position 33 and the third winding layer L3 is assigned a first twist direction T1 that is opposite to the second twist direction T2, the partial strands a1, A2 are interconnected in this exemplary embodiment with 4.5 twist steps possible.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first starting position and the second input position are arranged adjacent to one another. Based on the odd number of winding layers between the first starting layer and the inside of the winding in this exemplary embodiment, the formula X+L/2-1 is used as an example, where X denotes the first input layer and L the total number of all winding layers L1, L2, L3 , L4.

In addition, the second input layer is selected merely as an example from a radially outer half of the winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4, according to the formula L3, L4.

By way of example only, the second output section of the second partial strand A2 is arranged in a second output groove which is positioned at a second output position 31 of a second output position. In this exemplary embodiment, the second starting position corresponds to the first winding layer L1, to which the second twist direction T2 is assigned. Accordingly, the second starting layer is, for example, arranged at a distance from the second input layer by half of a total number of the winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4, according to the formula L2, L3, L4.

In this exemplary embodiment, the second output section of the second partial strand A2 is connected to a further first input section of a further first partial strand a3. There is one for this Another first input section of the further first partial strand a3 is arranged in a further first input groove, which is positioned at a further first input position 22 of a further first input position. In this exemplary embodiment, the further first input layer corresponds to the second winding layer L2, to which the first twist direction T1 of the winding is assigned. Since the further first input position 22 is arranged nine positions apart from the second starting position 31 and the second winding layer L2 is assigned a first twist direction T1 that is opposite to the second twist direction T2, the partial strands A2, a3 are interconnected with 4.5 in this exemplary embodiment Twist steps possible.

Since there is an even number of winding layers between the second starting position and the inside of the winding, namely 0 winding layers for example, the formula X-L/2+1 is used to determine the interconnection. X denotes the second input layer and L the total number of all winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4.

In one exemplary embodiment, the winding comprises a plurality of first and second partial strands that are alternately connected to one another. The sub-strands are arranged and interconnected as based on the first sub-strand a1, the second sub-strand A2 and the further first sub-strand a3.

In other words, each partial strand has, on average, a small coil width, which depends on tension, in the groove area and on the closed side of the winding head. The average coil width results from the number of holes Q * number of phases m - number of offset grooves for the tension. In the example winding scheme shown here, Q=3, m=3, number of offset grooves=2, which results in an average coil width of 7. Each partial strand goes into winding layer X (X<= L/2, L = number of winding layers in the groove (L>=4)) and leaves in winding layer connected if (X+L/2) corresponds to an even number. A partial strand is connected with winding layer X+L/2+1 if (X+L/2) corresponds to an odd number. If winding layer X is chosen as X>=L/2, the calculation is reversed. In the winding scheme 500 shown here with L=4, the winding runs as follows: --> a1 (L2) - a1 (L4) -> A2 (L3) - A2 (L1) -> a3 - a3-> ... -> A36 - A36

6 shows a tabular representation of an exemplary embodiment of a further winding scheme 600 for a winding as described in the previous ones 1 to 4 was described.

The further winding scheme 600 shown here is similar to that in the previous one 5 described winding scheme and is designed as an example for a component with a laminated core with, for example, 54 slots and a respective number of holes 3 for accommodating a total of three windings 110, 200, 205, in which, for example, the phases U, W and V are carried. Positions 1 to 54 of the grooves along the circumference of the laminated core are indicated in the top three lines of the table, the top row corresponding to the further winding 110 carrying the U phase, and the row below corresponding to the second winding 200 carrying the W phase and the row below it of the additional winding 205 leading the V phase. The positions of the respective connections of the individual phases are indicated in the fourth row, where U1 denotes an input and U2 denotes an output of the U phase, W1 denotes an input and W2 denotes one Output of the W phase and V1 an input and V2 an output of the V phase.

Four lines below the position markings correspond, for example, to four winding layers of the winding. Here, the first winding layer L1 corresponds, for example, to a winding layer on the inside of the winding. The second winding layer L2 is arranged below the first winding layer L1 in the table shown here and is to be understood as a winding layer arranged radially adjacent to L1 in the laminated core. The line arranged below also denotes the third winding layer L3 arranged radially adjacent to the second winding layer L2 and the line arranged below denotes the fourth winding layer L4 arranged radially adjacent to the third winding layer L3, the fourth winding layer L4 in this exemplary embodiment being on the outside of the winding is arranged. Two different twist directions T1, T2 are assigned to the individual winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4. Merely as an example, the first and third winding layers L1, L3 are each assigned the first twist direction T1, which is left-directed merely as an example in the illustration shown here. In this exemplary embodiment, the second and fourth winding layers L2, L4 are assigned an opposite, i.e. right-directed, second twist direction T2. In the bottom line of the winding diagram 500, inputs and outputs of the partial strands of the winding are marked starting from a twist side of the winding.

Same as in the previous one 5 As shown in the winding scheme shown here, the further winding scheme 600 shown here has a first partial strand a1, the first input section of which is arranged in a first input groove. The first input groove is positioned at a first input position 40 of a first input position, the first twist direction T1 of the winding being assigned to the first input position.

In addition, the first partial strand a1 of the winding scheme 600 shown here also has a first output section, which is arranged in a first output groove. The first output groove is positioned at a first starting position 33 of a first starting position, the first input position and the first starting position corresponding to different winding positions of the laminated core and the first input position 40 being spaced along the circumference from the first starting position 33. The first starting position is assigned a second twist direction T2 of the winding that differs from the first twist direction T1. A connection of the first output section of the first partial strand a1 to a second input section of a second partial strand A2 of the winding is also similar to that in the previous one 5 described connection.

In contrast to the one in the previous one 5 In this exemplary embodiment, the winding scheme described corresponds to the first input position of the first winding layer L1 of the laminated core and the first starting position corresponds to the fourth winding layer L4, merely by way of example. For example, the first input layer is selected from a radially inner half of the winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4, according to the formula . In addition, in this exemplary embodiment, a distance between the first input layer and the inside of the winding is equal to a distance between the first initial position and the outside of the winding. To determine the first initial position, the formula L-X+1 is used merely as an example, where X denotes the first initial position and L the total number of all winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4.

The first output section of the first sub-strand a1 is connected to a second input section of a second sub-strand A2. For this purpose, the second input section of the second partial strand A2 is arranged in a second input groove, which is positioned at a second input position 24 of a second input position. In this exemplary embodiment, the second input layer corresponds to the third winding layer L3, to which the first twist direction T1 of the winding is assigned. Since the second input position 24 is arranged nine positions apart from the first starting position 33 and the third winding layer L3 is assigned a first twist direction T1 that is opposite to the second twist direction T2, the sub-strands a1, A2 are interconnected in this exemplary embodiment with 4.5 twist steps possible.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first starting layer and the second input layer are arranged adjacent to one another, according to the exemplary formula L-X+2, where X denotes the first input layer and L the total number of all winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4.

In addition, the second input layer is selected merely as an example from a radially outer half of the winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4, according to the formula L3, L4.

By way of example only, the second output section of the second partial strand A2 is arranged in a second output groove which is positioned at a second output position 31 of a second output position. In this exemplary embodiment, the second starting position corresponds to the second winding layer L2, to which the second twist direction T2 is assigned. The formula L+X-1 is used merely as an example to determine the second initial position, where

In this exemplary embodiment, the second output section of the second partial strand A2 is connected to a further first input section of a further first partial strand a3. For this purpose, a further first input section of the further first partial strand a3 is arranged in a further first input groove, which is positioned at a further first input position 22 of a further first input position. In this exemplary embodiment, the further first input layer corresponds to the first winding layer L1, to which the first twist direction T1 of the winding is assigned. Since the further first input position 22 is arranged nine positions apart from the second starting position 31 and the first winding layer L1 is assigned a first twist direction T1 that is opposite to the second twist direction T2, the partial strands A2, a3 are interconnected with 4.5 in this exemplary embodiment Twist steps possible.

In this exemplary embodiment, the second starting layer and the further first input layer are arranged adjacent to one another, according to the exemplary formula L+X-2, where X denotes the second input layer and L the total number of all winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4.

In one exemplary embodiment, the winding comprises a plurality of first and second partial strands that are alternately connected to one another. The sub-strands are arranged and interconnected as based on the first sub-strand a1, the second sub-strand A2 and the further first sub-strand a3.

In other words, each partial strand has, on average, a small coil width, which depends on tension, in the groove area and on the closed side of the winding head. The average coil width results from the number of holes Q * number of phases m - number of offset grooves for the tension. In the example winding scheme shown here, Q=3, m=3, number of offset grooves=2, which results in an average coil width of 7. The first sub-strand a1 goes into winding layer 1 (X=1) and goes out into winding layer L (number of winding layers in the groove (L>=4)) and is then connected to the second sub-strand A2 (X=2) from winding layer L- 1 connected. The second sub-strand A2 goes into winding layer L-1 and out into winding layer L-2 and is connected to the third sub-strand a3 from winding layer L-3. The third partial strand a3 (X=3) goes into winding layer L-3 and exits into winding layer L-4, and is connected to a fourth partial strand A4 from winding layer L-5. This pattern continues as long as L/2-X>0. If winding layer X is chosen as X>=L/2, the calculation is reversed. In the winding scheme 500 shown here with L=4, the winding runs as follows: --> a1 (L1) - a1 (L4) -> A2 (L3) - A2 (L2) -> a3 -a3 -> ... -> A36 - A36

7 shows a schematic representation of a first partial strand a1 according to an exemplary embodiment. The first partial strand a1 shown here corresponds to or is similar to that in the previous ones 1 , 5 and 6 described first partial strand and can be used in a winding as described in the previous figures. In this exemplary embodiment, the first partial strand a1 is shaped as a flat wire made of a copper material for conducting electrical energy and with a hairpin-like geometry. The first partial strand a1 comprises a first input section 120 and a first output section 130 for passing through a groove of a laminated core of a component. The first input section 120 and the first output section 130 are connected by a first connection section 124.

8th shows a flowchart of a method 800 for producing a winding according to an exemplary embodiment. The method 800 includes a step 805 of passing the first partial strand of the winding through the first input groove positioned at the first input position of the first input layer, wherein the first input position is assigned a first twist direction of the winding. In addition, the method 800 includes a step 810 of further passing the first partial strand through the first output groove positioned at the first starting position of the first starting position, wherein the first starting position is assigned a second twist direction of the winding that differs from the first twist direction. In one exemplary embodiment, the step of carrying out and further carrying out are carried out simultaneously if a so-called hairpin wire is selected as the partial strand. Furthermore, the method 800 includes a step 815 of interconnecting the first output section of the first partial strand with a second input section of a second partial strand of the winding.

9 shows a motor vehicle 900 according to an exemplary embodiment. The motor vehicle has an electric axle drive with an electric machine 105, as described, for example, with reference to the previous figures. Electrical energy for operating the electrical machine 105 is provided by an energy supply device 902, for example a battery. For example, a direct current is provided by the energy supply device 902, which is converted into an alternating current, for example a three-phase alternating current, using a power converter 904 of the transmission device and is provided to the electrical machine 105. A shaft driven by the electric machine 105 is coupled to at least one wheel 908 of the motor vehicle 900 directly or using a transmission device 906. Thus, the motor vehicle 900 can be moved using the electric machine 105. According to one exemplary embodiment, the electric axle drive comprises a housing in which the power converter 904, the electric machine 105 and the transmission device 906 are arranged in an integrated manner.

Reference symbols

22

another first entry position

24

second entry position

31

second starting position

33

first starting position

40

first entry position

100

component

105

electric machine

110

winding

115

Sheet metal package

120

first entrance section

122

first input groove

124

first connection section

125

Crown side

130

first exit section

132

first exit groove

135

Twist side

140

second entrance section

142

second input groove

144

second connection section

150

second exit section

152

second exit groove

200

further winding

205

additional winding

210

inside

215

Outside

500

Winding scheme

600

another winding scheme

800

Method of making a winding

805

Step of performing

810

Step of further implementation

815

Interconnection step

900

motor vehicle

902

Energy supply facility

904

Power converter

906

Transmission device

908

wheel

a1

first sub-strand

A1

second sub-strand

a3

another first sub-strand

L1

first wrapping layer

L2

second wrapping layer

L3

third wrapping layer

L4

fourth wrapping layer

T1

first twist direction

T2

second twist direction

Claims (15)

Winding (110) for a component (100) of an electrical machine (105), the component (100) being an annular laminated core (115) with a plurality of grooves (122, 132, 142) extending axially through the laminated core (115). 152) for receiving partial strands (a1, A2, a3) of the winding (110) in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4), wherein at least a first partial strand (a1) of the winding (110) has the following features: a first input section (120) which is arranged in a first input groove (122) of the grooves (122, 132, 142, 152), the first input groove (122) being at a first input position (40) of a first input layer of the winding layers (L1 , L2, L3, L4) and wherein the first input position is assigned a first twist direction (T1) of the winding (110); a first output section (130) which is arranged in a first output groove (132) of the grooves (122, 132, 142, 152), the first output groove (132) being at a first starting position (33) of a first starting position of the winding layers (L1 , L2, L3, L4), the first input position and the first output position corresponding to different winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) and the first input position (40) being spaced along the circumference from the first starting position (33). and wherein the first initial position is assigned a second twist direction (T2) of the winding (110) that differs from the first twist direction (T1), the first output section (130) having a second input section (140) of a second partial strand (A2) of the winding (110) is connected; and a first connecting section (124) for connecting the first input section (120) to the first output section (130) of the first sub-strand (a1). Winding (110) according to Claim 1 , wherein the second input section (140) of the second partial strand (A2) is arranged in a second input groove (142) of the grooves (122, 132, 142, 152), the second input groove (142) being at a second input position (24). second input layer of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) is positioned and the first twist direction (T1) of the winding (110) is assigned to the second input layer, wherein the second input section (140) has a second connecting section (144) with a second output section (150), wherein the second output section (150) is arranged in a second output groove (152) of the grooves (122, 132, 142, 152), the second output groove (152) being at a second starting position (31) a second starting position of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4), wherein the second starting position is assigned the second twist direction (T2) of the winding (110), the second output section (150) having a further first input section of a further first Partial strand (a3) is connected. Winding (110) according to Claim 2 , wherein the winding (110) comprises a plurality of first and second partial strands (a1, A2, a3) which are alternately connected to one another. Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first input layer is selected from a radially inner half of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4). Winding (110) according to Claim 4 , wherein the first input layer is arranged at a distance from the first output layer by half of a total number of winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4). Winding (110) according to Claim 4 , wherein a distance between the first input layer and an inside (210) of the winding (110) is equal to a distance between the first starting position and an outside (215) of the winding (110). Winding (110) according to Claim 2 , wherein the second input layer is selected from a radially outer half of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4). Winding (110) according to Claim 7 , wherein the second input layer is arranged at a distance from the second output layer by half of a total number of winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4). Winding (110) according to Claim 7 , wherein a distance between the second input layer and an inside (210) of the winding (110) is equal to a distance between the second starting position and an outside (215) of the winding (110). Winding (110) according to one of the previous ones Claims 2 until 9 , wherein the first initial position and the second input position are arranged adjacent to one another. Component (100) for an electrical machine (105) with a winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims and with the annular laminated core (115) with the plurality of grooves (122, 132, 142) extending axially through the laminated core (115). , 152) for receiving partial strands (a1, A2, a3) of the winding (110) in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4). Electric machine (105) with a component (100) according to Claim 11 , wherein the component (100) is designed as a stator or as a rotor of the electrical machine (105) and three windings (110, 200, 205) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 includes. Electric axle drive for a motor vehicle (800) with at least one electric machine (105), a transmission device (806) and a power converter (804), characterized in that the electric machine (105) according to Claim 12 is trained. Motor vehicle (800), comprising an electric machine (105) according to Claim 12 and/or an electric axle drive Claim 13 . Method (800) for producing a winding (110) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 for a component (100) according to one of Claims 12 or 13 , wherein the method (800) has the following steps (805, 810, 815): passing (805) the first partial strand (a1) of the winding (110) through the first input groove (122) positioned at the first input position (40) of the first input layer ), wherein the first input position is assigned a first twist direction (T1) of the winding (110); further passing (810) of the first partial strand (a1) through the first starting groove (132) positioned at the first starting position (33) of the first starting position, the first starting position having a second twisting direction (T2) that differs from the first twisting direction (T1). winding (110) is assigned; and interconnecting (815) the first output section (130) of the first partial strand (a1) with a second input section (140) of a second partial strand (A2) of the winding (110).

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