DE102022203808A1 - Belt-operated adjustment device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a belt-operated adjusting device (10) for adjusting the alignment and/or position of a system or machine part (12), in particular for adjusting the alignment of a rotor blade of a wind turbine, with an adjustment belt (14) which is connected to the system or machine part (12) is connected in such a way that the orientation and/or position of the system or machine part (12) can be changed by means of a belt movement (x).

Description

The invention relates to a belt-operated adjustment device for adjusting the alignment and/or position of a system or machine part, in particular for adjusting the alignment of a rotor blade of a wind turbine, with an adjustment belt which is connected to the system or machine part in such a way that by means of a belt movement Alignment and/or position of the system or machine part can be changed.

The invention further relates to a wind turbine with at least one rotor blade and an adjusting device for adjusting the alignment of the at least one rotor blade.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for determining the load on an adjustment belt of a belt-operated adjustment device for adjusting the alignment and/or position of a system or machine part, with the step: changing the alignment and/or position of the system or machine part by moving the adjustment belt connected to the system or machine part.

Belt-operated adjustment devices often have an electric drive motor to drive the adjustment belt. In order to determine the load on the adjustment belt, it was previously common practice to monitor the current consumption of the drive motor, to use the current consumption to determine the torque on the driven pulley and to calculate the load on the adjustment belt based on the determined torque.

However, in a large number of applications, gearboxes with high gear ratios are used, which can be in the range from 1:1000 to 1:3000, for example. Due to the high gear ratios, determining the belt load based on the current consumption of the electric drive motor often leads to a comparatively inaccurate determination of the load. The expected belt wear cannot therefore be reliably determined. In addition, the methods known from the prior art for determining the load on an adjustment belt do not determine at which point the load was introduced into the belt. So far, the load cannot be determined specifically for the belt segment.

The object on which the invention is based is therefore to be able to determine the load on an adjusting belt of a belt-operated adjusting device more precisely.

The object is achieved by a belt-operated adjusting device of the type mentioned at the outset, the adjusting device according to the invention having a deflection roller which is in contact with the adjusting belt and comprises a sensor arrangement, the sensor arrangement being set up to provide sensor signals which are from the first adjusting belt the outgoing mechanical load on the deflection roller and the rotational angle position of the deflection roller. The adjusting device according to the invention further comprises an electronic data processing device, which is set up to determine the rotational angular position of the deflection roller and the load on the adjustment belt based on the sensor signals of the sensor arrangement and to assign the determined load on the adjustment belt to a belt segment of the adjustment belt based on the determined rotational angular position of the deflection pulley.

From the rotational angle position of the deflection roller, the electronic data processing device can precisely determine the position of the belt segment that is in engagement with the driving pinion of a geared motor. The electronic data processing device thus determines the amount of load and the location of the load on the adjustment belt, so that the prerequisites for predictive maintenance on the adjustment device are created. The electronic data processing device is preferably set up to calculate the angular position of the deflection roller and the load on the adjustment belt using a mathematical relationship, whereby the mathematical relationship can be dependent on assumptions. An assumption can be, for example, that virtually no slip occurs in the belt drive. For example, the mathematical relationship assumes that there is no slip between the deflection roller and a driving toothed belt pulley of a drive of the adjusting device connected to the adjusting belt.

The alignment of the system or machine part can be verified regularly, for example every 24 hours. During verification, the revolutions of the deflection roller can be counted during a reference run, so that the absolute position between the deflection roller and the driving gear can be determined. This means, for example, that the meshing teeth of the adjusting belt designed as a toothed belt are known and a load spectrum can be derived. The electronic data processing device is therefore preferably set up to determine a belt segment-specific load spectrum for the adjustment belt. The belt specific Load spectrum preferably describes the load on the belt segments over time.

In a preferred embodiment of the adjusting device according to the invention, the sensor arrangement comprises one or more sensors, with preferably one sensor, several or all of the sensors of the sensor arrangement being designed as force transducers. The sensors designed as force transducers are preferably set up to determine a transverse force load and/or a shear stress or shear stress on the deflection roller. Individual sensors of the sensor arrangement can be spaced apart from one another in the axial direction of the deflection roller. Individual sensors of the sensor arrangement can have an angle of rotation offset from one another. Individual sensors in the sensor arrangement can have different orientations.

The adjusting device according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that a sensor, several or all sensors of the sensor arrangement comprise one or more strain gauges connected to one another. The sensors can include strain gauge (strain gauge) full bridges or be designed as strain gauge full bridges. The strain gauges of a sensor are preferably arranged on opposite sides of the deflection roller.

In another preferred embodiment of the adjusting device according to the invention, the sensor arrangement is set up to output sensor signals when the deflection roller rotates caused by the adjustment belt, which follow a sinusoidal signal curve that is dependent on the angle of rotation of the deflection roller. The amplitude of the sinusoidal signal curve is preferably dependent on the load on the deflection roller caused by the adjustment belt. The sinusoidal signal curves of the sensors are preferably offset from one another, i.e. have an angular offset from one another. Preferably two sensors of the sensor arrangement form a sensor pair. The sensor arrangement preferably comprises two pairs of sensors, i.e. a total of four sensors.

In a further preferred embodiment of the adjusting device according to the invention, the electronic data processing device is set up to calculate an axial force of the deflection roller based on at least two sensor signals from the sensor arrangement. Preferably, the electronic data processing device calculates a first axial force of the deflection roller based on at least two sensor signals from sensors that are arranged on a first side of the deflection roller. Preferably, the electronic data processing device calculates a second axial force of the deflection roller based on at least two sensor signals from sensors which are arranged on a second side of the deflection roller. Preferably, the electronic data processing device calculates an average axle force value based on the first axle force and the second axle force. The sensors arranged on the first side of the deflection roller form a first pair of sensors. The sensors arranged on the second side of the deflection roller form a second pair of sensors. The strain gauges of a first sensor of the first sensor pair and the strain gauges of a second sensor of the first sensor pair are preferably arranged offset from one another by 90°. The strain gauges of a first sensor of the second sensor pair and the strain gauges of a second sensor of the second sensor pair are preferably arranged 90° offset from one another. The sensor pairs are preferably arranged offset from one another by 45°. When the deflection roller rotates, four sine curves are created that are offset from one another by 45°. The strain gauge full bridges are electrically connected in such a way that they convert the shear stress on the deflection roller into an electrical signal. The axle force or the average axle force is then converted into the strand force of the adjustment belt according to the wrap angle, so that the belt load can be determined. The wrap angle results from the design of the adjusting device and remains constant due to the geometry. The belt load values serve as the basis for determining the load spectrum of the adjustment belt.

In a further development of the adjusting device according to the invention, the electronic data processing device is set up to examine the signal curve of the sensor signals for detecting signal errors and to correct it when a signal error is detected. A signal error can be, for example, a zero point offset in the sinusoidal signal curve. A zero point offset can be determined, for example, by detecting the turning points in the sinusoidal signal curves. In this case, the signal curve can be shifted by the electronic data processing device to correct the signal error so that the turning points of the sinusoidal signal curves run through the zero axis again. Eliminating this source of error increases the accuracy of stress determination and positioning accuracy.

The object on which the invention is based is further achieved by a wind turbine of the type mentioned, the adjusting device of the wind turbine according to the invention being designed according to one of the embodiments described above. Regarding the advantages and modifi cations of the wind turbine according to the invention, reference is first made to the advantages and modifications of the adjusting device according to the invention.

The adjustment device of the wind turbine can be a pitch adjustment device, by means of which the inclination or orientation of one or more rotor blades can be adjusted.

The belt force can be measured using the adjusting device directly through the deflection roller in the belt drive. When the rotor blade is rotated in a first direction, the deflection pulley lies in the tension strand, so that it is possible to measure the peak load that occurs when the breakaway torque is overcome and the normal adjustment force (plus or minus the wind load). If the load limit of the adjustment belt has been unintentionally exceeded, maintenance can be carried out, for example to change the adjustment belt. When the rotor blade is rotated in a second direction, the idler pulley is in the slack strand so that the minimum pretension of the belt, plus or minus the wind load, can be measured. If the preload falls below a critical limit, maintenance can be initiated to correct the preload or change the adjustment belt. Alternatively, if necessary, the belt tension can be increased using a belt tensioning mechanism. The belt tension increase can be done manually or automatically.

The object on which the invention is based is further achieved by a method of the type mentioned at the outset, wherein within the scope of the method according to the invention, sensor signals are provided by a sensor arrangement of a deflection roller in contact with the adjustment belt, the sensor signals being dependent on the mechanical load on the deflection roller emanating from the adjustment belt and the rotational angle position of the deflection roller. According to the invention, an electronic data processing device determines the rotational angle position of the deflection roller and the load on the adjustment belt based on the sensor signals and assigns the determined load on the adjustment belt to a belt segment of the adjustment belt based on the determined rotational angle position of the deflection pulley.

The method according to the invention can be used to determine the load on an adjusting belt of a belt-operated adjusting device according to one of the embodiments described above. With regard to the advantages and modifications of the method according to the invention, reference is first made to the advantages and modifications of the adjusting device according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the sensor signals follow a sinusoidal signal curve that is dependent on the angle of rotation of the deflection roller when the deflection roller rotates due to the adjustment belt. The sinusoidal signal curves of the sensor signals have a fixed angular offset from one another. Through the angular offset of the sinusoidal signal curves, the current angular position of the deflection roller and thus also the belt segment of the adjustment belt that is in engagement with the driving pulley can be determined. This means, for example, that a tooth-specific load situation can be mapped.

A method according to the invention is also advantageous in which the electronic data processing device calculates an axial force of the deflection roller on the basis of at least two sensor signals. The forces emanating from the adjustment belt press the adjustment belt onto the deflection pulley, which puts a load on the deflection pulley bearing. This bearing force of the deflection roller is referred to as the axle force and is in balance with the strand forces. On the basis of the axle forces, the strand forces can then be determined, which means that the belt load can be determined.

• 1 eine erfindungsgemäße riemenbetriebene Verstelleinrichtung in einer schematischen Darstellung;
• 2 eine Umlenkrolle einer erfindungsgemäßen riemenbetriebenen Verstelleinrichtung in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung;
• 3 eine Nabe einer Umlenkrolle einer erfindungsgemäßen riemenbetriebenen Verstelleinrichtung in einer schematischen Perspektivdarstellung; und
• 4 Signalverläufe von Sensoren einer Sensoranordnung einer Umlenkrolle einer erfindungsgemäßen riemenbetriebenen Verstelleinrichtung.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained and described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. Show:

• 1 a belt-operated adjustment device according to the invention in a schematic representation;
• 2 a deflection roller of a belt-operated adjusting device according to the invention in a schematic sectional view;
• 3 a hub of a deflection roller of a belt-operated adjusting device according to the invention in a schematic perspective view; and
• 4 Signal curves from sensors of a sensor arrangement of a deflection roller of a belt-operated adjusting device according to the invention.

The 1 shows a belt-operated adjustment device 10 for adjusting the alignment of the system part 12. The system part 12 is a rotor blade of a wind turbine. The adjustment device 10 can be used to align the rotor blade be set. The adjusting device 10 is therefore a pitch adjusting device.

The adjusting device 10 comprises an adjusting belt 14, which is attached to the system part 12 at its end sections at the fastening points 16a, 16b. The adjusting belt 14 runs around a pulley 18, the pulley 18 being connected to a drive of the adjusting device 10 for rotationally driving the pulley 18. The drive can be an electric motor. The adjustment belt 14 can be a toothed belt, so that the pulley 18 is designed as a driving toothed belt pulley of the drive of the adjusting device 10.

The adjusting device 10 further comprises a deflection roller 20, which is in contact with the adjusting belt 14 between the pulley 18 and the attachment point 16b. The deflection roller 20 includes a sensor arrangement 24. The sensor arrangement 24 provides an electronic data processing device 22 with sensor signals S1-S4. The sensor signals S1-S4 are dependent on the mechanical load on the deflection roller 20 emanating from the adjustment belt 14 and the rotational angular position of the deflection roller 20. The system part 12 is rotated about the axis of rotation R by a belt movement x, so that the belt movement x leads to a rotational movement φ of the system part 12. Depending on the direction of rotation of the pulley 18, the system part 12 is rotated either clockwise or counterclockwise. When a belt movement

The electronic data processing device 22 determines the rotational angular position of the deflection roller 20 and the load on the adjustment belt 14 based on the sensor signals S1-S4 of the sensor arrangement 24. Furthermore, the electronic data processing device 22 assigns the determined load on the adjustment belt 14 based on the determined rotational angular position of the deflection roller 20 to a belt segment of the adjusting belt. From the rotational angle position of the deflection roller 20, the electronic data processing device 22 can precisely determine the belt segment of the adjusting belt 14 that is in engagement with the pulley 18. The electronic data processing device 22 thus determines the amount of load and the location of the load on the adjustment belt 14, so that predictive maintenance of the adjustment device 10 is made possible. The belt force can therefore be measured directly via the deflection roller 20.

When the system part 12 designed as a rotor blade is rotated in a first direction, the deflection roller 20 lies in the tension strand, so that the peak load when overcoming the breakaway torque and the normal adjustment force can be measured. When the system part 12 designed as a rotor blade is rotated in a second direction, the deflection roller 20 lies in the slack side, so that the minimum pretension of the belt can be measured.

The electronic data processing device 22 calculates the angular position of the deflection roller 20 and the load on the adjustment belt using a mathematical relationship. The electronic data processing device 22 determines a belt segment-specific load spectrum for the adjustment belt 14, i.e. the load on the belt segments of the belt 14 over time.

The 2 shows a deflection roller 20, which has a hub 26 and a guide sleeve 28 running around the hub 26. The guide sleeve 28 is pressed onto the hub 26. The guide sleeve 28 serves to guide the adjustment belt 14 and has two flanges 30a, 30b, which laterally delimit the belt guide area 32 located between the flanges 30a, 30b and ensure lateral belt guidance.

The hub 26 has a first circumferential indentation 34a on a first side 36a and a second circumferential indentation 34b on a second side 36b. Within the indentations 34a, 34b there are pockets in which strain gauges 38a, 38b, 42a, 42b, 46a, 46b, 50a, 50b are arranged. The strain gauges 38a, 38b, 42a, 42b, 46a, 46b, 50a, 50b are components of sensors 40, 44, 48, 52 of the sensor arrangement 24, which are designed as force transducers.

The 3 shows the arrangement of the sensors 40, 44, 48, 52 or the arrangement of the strain gauges 38a, 38b, 42a, 42b, 46a, 46b, 50a, 50b. The sensors 40, 44, 48, 52 are designed as strain gauge full bridges. The strain gauges 38a, 38b, 42a, 42b, 46a, 46b, 50a, 50b of the respective sensors 40, 44, 48, 52 are arranged on opposite sides of the deflection roller 20.

The opposite strain gauges 38a, 38b form a first sensor 40. The opposite strain gauges 42a, 42b form a second sensor 44. The sensors 40, 44 form a sensor pair, the strain gauges 38a, 38b, 42a, 42b in the indentation 34a are arranged. The strain gauges 38a, 38b of the sensor 40 and the strain gauges 42a, 42b of the sensor 44 are arranged 90° offset from one another.

The opposite strain gauges 46a, 46b form a third sensor 48. The opposite strain gauges 50a, 50b form a fourth sensor 52. The sensors 48, 52 form a sensor pair, the strain gauges 46a, 46b, 50a, 50b of which are arranged in the indentation 34b. The strain gauges 46a, 46b of the sensor 48 and the strain gauges 50a, 50b of the sensor 52 are arranged 90° offset from one another.

The sensor pair of sensors 40, 44 and the sensor pair of sensors 48, 52 are arranged 45° offset from one another. When the deflection roller 20 rotates, four sine curves are created that are offset from one another by 45°.

The 4 shows that when the deflection roller 20 rotates due to the adjustment belt 14, the sensors 40, 44, 48, 52 of the sensor arrangement 24 output sensor signals S1-S4, which follow a sinusoidal signal curve dependent on the angle of rotation of the deflection roller 20. The sensor 40 delivers the sensor signal S1. The sensor 44 delivers the sensor signal S2. The sensor 48 delivers the sensor signal S3. The sensor 52 delivers the sensor signal S4.

The electronic data processing device 22 calculates a first axial force F a,1 of the deflection roller 20 based on the force measurement values F ₁ , F ₂ of the sensors 40, 44 determined from the sensor signals _{S1, S2} on the basis of the formula: $$F_{a\mathrm{,1}}=\sqrt{\frac{F_1{}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="DE102022203808A1\_0006.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_2{}^2}{2}}$$

Furthermore, the electronic data processing device 22 calculates a second axial force F a,2 of the deflection roller 20 based on the force measurement values F ₃ , F ₄ of the sensors 48, 52 determined from the sensor signals _{S2, S3} on the basis of the formula: $$F_{a\mathrm{,2}}=\sqrt{\frac{F_3{}^2+F_4{}^2}{2}}$$

The electronic data processing device 22 then calculates an average axle force value F _a based on the first axle force F _a,1 and the second axle force F _a,2 based on the following formula: $$F_a=\frac{F_{a\mathrm{,1}}+F_{a\mathrm{,2}}}{2}$$

wobei β in diesem Fall dem Winkel zwischen den Riemensegmenten des Einstellriemens 14 im Bereich der Umlenkrolle 20 entspricht.The electronic data processing device 22 is also set up to calculate the strand force F _T in the adjustment belt 14 and uses the following formula for this purpose: $$F_T=\frac{F_a}{2}\ast \frac{1}{\text{cos}\frac{\mathrm{\beta }}{2}}$$

where β in this case corresponds to the angle between the belt segments of the adjusting belt 14 in the area of the deflection roller 20.

Reference symbol list

10

Adjustment device

12

Plant part

14

adjustment strap

16a, 16b

Attachment points

18

pulley

20

pulley

22

Data processing device

24

Sensor arrangement

26

hub

28

Guide sleeve

30a, 30b

flanges

32

Belt guide area

34a, 34b

Indentations

36a, 36b

pages

38a, 38b

Strain gauges

40

sensor

42a, 42b

Strain gauges

44

sensor

46a, 46b

Strain gauges

48

sensor

50a, 50b

Strain gauges

52

sensor

R

Axis of rotation

S1-S4

Sensor signals

x

Belt movement

φ

Rotary movement

Claims (10)

Belt-operated adjustment device (10) for adjusting the alignment and/or position of a system or machine part (12), in particular for adjusting the alignment of a rotor blade of a wind turbine, with - an adjustment belt (14) which is connected to the system or machine part (12) is connected in such a way that the orientation and/or position of the system or machine part (12) can be changed by means of a belt movement (x); characterized by - a deflection roller (20) which is in contact with the adjustment belt (14) and comprises a sensor arrangement (24), the sensor arrangement (24) being set up to provide sensor signals (S1-S4) which are of the Adjusting belt (14) depends on the mechanical load on the deflection roller (20) and the rotational angle position of the deflection roller (20); and - an electronic data processing device (22), which is set up to determine the rotational angular position of the deflection roller (20) and the load on the adjusting belt (14) based on the sensor signals (S1-S4) of the sensor arrangement (24) and the determined load on the Assign the adjusting belt (14) to a belt segment of the adjusting belt (14) based on the determined angular position of the deflection roller (20). Adjusting device (10). Claim 1 , characterized in that the sensor arrangement (24) comprises one or more sensors (40, 44, 48, 52), preferably one sensor (40, 44, 48, 52), several or all sensors (40, 44, 48, 52) of the sensor arrangement (24) are designed as force transducers. Adjusting device (10). Claim 2 , characterized in that a sensor (40, 44, 48, 52), several or all sensors (40, 44, 48, 52) of the sensor arrangement (24) one or more strain gauges (38a, 38b, 42a, 42b) connected to one another, 46a, 46b, 50a, 50b). Adjusting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor arrangement (24) is set up to output sensor signals (S1-S4) which depend on the angle of rotation when the deflection roller (20) rotates caused by the adjusting belt (14). Follow the sinusoidal signal curve dependent on the deflection roller (20). Adjusting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic data processing device (22) is set up to calculate an axial force of the deflection roller (20) on the basis of at least two sensor signals (S1-S4). Adjusting device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic data processing device (22) is set up to examine the signal curve of the sensor signals (S1-S4) for detecting signal errors and to correct it when a signal error is detected. Wind turbine, with - at least one rotor blade; and - an adjusting device (10) for adjusting the alignment of the at least one rotor blade; characterized in that the adjusting device (10) is designed according to one of the preceding claims. Method for determining the load on an adjusting belt (14) of a belt-operated adjusting device (10) for adjusting the alignment and/or position of a system or machine part (12), in particular an adjusting device (10) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 , with the step - changing the orientation and / or the position of the system or machine part (12) by moving the adjustment belt (14) connected to the system or machine part (12); characterized by the step: - Providing sensor signals (S1-S4) through a sensor arrangement (24) of a deflection roller (20) in contact with the adjusting belt (14), the sensor signals (S1-S4) coming from the adjusting belt (14 ) the outgoing mechanical load on the deflection roller (20) and the rotational angular position of the deflection roller (20) are dependent; wherein an electronic data processing device (22) determines the angular position of the deflection roller (20) and the load on the adjusting belt (14) based on the sensor signals (S1-S4) and the determined load on the adjusting belt (14) based on the determined angular position of the deflection roller (20 ) assigns a belt segment of the adjustment belt (14). Procedure according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the sensor signals (S1-S4) follow a sinusoidal signal curve that is dependent on the angle of rotation of the deflection roller (20) when the deflection roller (20) rotates due to the adjustment belt (14). Procedure according to Claim 8 or 9 , characterized in that the electronic data processing device (22) is based on An axial force of the deflection roller (20) is calculated using at least two sensor signals (S1-S4).

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