DE102022119570A1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- DE102022119570A1 DE102022119570A1 DE102022119570.8A DE102022119570A DE102022119570A1 DE 102022119570 A1 DE102022119570 A1 DE 102022119570A1 DE 102022119570 A DE102022119570 A DE 102022119570A DE 102022119570 A1 DE102022119570 A1 DE 102022119570A1
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- ammonia
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- beta zeolite
- internal combustion
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical group [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9427—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrous oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/108—Auxiliary reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/004—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust drives arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/013—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
- F02D19/0644—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20738—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
- B01D2255/502—Beta zeolites
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
- F01N2370/02—Selection of materials for exhaust purification used in catalytic reactors
- F01N2370/04—Zeolitic material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
- F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
Abstract
Brennkraftmaschine (10) mit einem mindestens einen Zylinder (12) aufweisenden Motor (11), wobei der Motor (11) eingerichtet ist, in den Zylindern (12) als Kraftstoff zumindest anteilig Ammoniak zu verbrennen, mit einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem (13) für die Zylinder (12) des Motors (11) verlassendes Abgas, welches Stickoxide NOx und Distickstoffmonoxid N2O enthält, wobei das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem (13) einen Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator (14, 14a, 14) zur gleichzeitigen Reduktion von Stickoxiden NOx und Zersetzung von Distickstoffmonoxid N2O im Abgas aufweist, der eingerichtet ist, als Reduktionsmittel für die Reduktion von Stickoxiden NOx im Abgas zumindest anteilig einen Ammoniakschlupf im Abgas zu nutzen, und wobei das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem (13) weiterhin einen Ammoniakkatalysator (15) aufweist, der eingerichtet ist, nicht als Reduktionsmittel genutztes Ammoniak in Wasser und in Stickstoff umzuwandeln. Internal combustion engine (10) with an engine (11) having at least one cylinder (12), the engine (11) being set up to burn at least a portion of ammonia as fuel in the cylinders (12), with an exhaust gas aftertreatment system (13) for the cylinders (12) exhaust gas leaving the engine ( 11), which contains nitrogen oxides NO Decomposition of nitrous oxide N 2 O in the exhaust gas, which is set up to at least partially use an ammonia slip in the exhaust gas as a reducing agent for the reduction of nitrogen oxides NO x in the exhaust gas, and wherein the exhaust gas aftertreatment system (13) further has an ammonia catalyst (15), which is set up to convert ammonia not used as a reducing agent into water and nitrogen.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine.
Großbrennkraftmaschine, wie sie zum Beispiel auf Schiffen als Brennkraftmaschinen zum Einsatz kommen, werden zunehmend als Gasmotoren oder Dual-Fuel-Motoren ausgeführt. In Gasmotoren wird ein gasförmiger Kraftstoff, wie zum Beispiel Erdgas, verbrannt. In Dual-Fuel-Motoren kann in einem Gaskraftstoff-Betriebsmodus ein gasförmiger Kraftstoff, wie zum Beispiel Erdgas, und in einem Flüssigkraftstoff-Betriebsmodus ein flüssiger Kraftstoff, wie zum Beispiel Dieselkraftstoff, verbrannt werden. Solche Gasmotoren und Dual-Fuel-Motoren stoßen mit dem Agas CO2 aus.Large internal combustion engines, such as those used on ships as internal combustion engines, are increasingly being designed as gas engines or dual-fuel engines. Gas engines burn a gaseous fuel such as natural gas. In dual fuel engines, a gaseous fuel, such as natural gas, may be burned in a gas fuel operating mode and a liquid fuel, such as diesel fuel, may be burned in a liquid fuel operating mode. Such gas engines and dual-fuel engines emit CO 2 with the Agas.
Aus der Praxis sind weiterhin Bestrebungen bekannt, Brennkraftmaschinen mit Ammoniak als Kraftstoff zu betreiben. Der Kraftstoff wird dabei zumindest teilweise von Ammoniak gebildet. Bei der Verwendung eines Kraftstoffs, der zumindest teilweise von Ammoniak gebildet wird, kann der CO2-Ausstoß gegenüber Brennkraftmaschinen, die als Kraftstoff Erdgas oder Diesel nutzen, reduziert werden.Efforts to operate internal combustion engines with ammonia as fuel are also known from practice. The fuel is at least partially formed by ammonia. When using a fuel that is at least partially formed by ammonia, CO 2 emissions can be reduced compared to internal combustion engines that use natural gas or diesel as fuel.
Das Abgas von Brennkraftmaschinen, die als Kraftstoff zumindest teilweise Ammoniak nutzen, enthält Stickoxide NOx sowie Distickstoffmonoxid N2O, welches auch als Lachgas bezeichnet wird. In diesem Fall ist es von Bedeutung, die Stickoxide und das Distickstoffmonoxid im Abgas zu reduzieren.The exhaust gas from internal combustion engines that at least partially use ammonia as fuel contains nitrogen oxides NOx and nitrous oxide N 2 O, which is also referred to as nitrous oxide. In this case, it is important to reduce nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide in the exhaust gas.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine neuartige Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen.Based on this, the invention is based on the task of creating a new type of internal combustion engine.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Brennkraftmaschine gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by an internal combustion engine according to claim 1.
Das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem weist einen Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator zur gleichzeitigen Reduktion von Stickoxiden NOx und Zersetzung von Distickstoffmonoxid N2O im Abgas auf, der eingerichtet ist, als Reduktionsmittel für die Reduktion von Stickoxiden NOx im Abgas zumindest anteilig einen Ammoniakschlupf des Motors im Abgas zu nutzen. Das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem weist weiterhin einen Ammoniakkatalysator auf, der eingerichtet ist, nicht als Reduktionsmittel genutztes Ammoniak in Wasser und in Stickstoff umzuwandeln.The exhaust gas aftertreatment system has an Fe-beta zeolite catalyst for the simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxides NO x and decomposition of nitrous oxide N 2 O in the exhaust gas, which is set up to act as a reducing agent for the reduction of nitrogen oxides NO to use exhaust gas. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system also has an ammonia catalyst, which is designed to convert ammonia that is not used as a reducing agent into water and nitrogen.
Der Ammoniakkatalysator kann auch als Ammoniakschlupfkatalysator bezeichnet werden.The ammonia catalyst can also be referred to as an ammonia slip catalyst.
Nach der Erfindung weist das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine den Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator auf, welcher der gleichzeitigen Reduktion von Stickoxiden NOx und Zersetzung von Distickstoffmonoxid N2O im Abgas dient, wobei der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator als Reduktionsmittel zumindest anteilig einen Ammoniakschlupf im Abgas nutzt, also solches Ammoniak, welches in dem mindestens einen Zylinder des Motors der Brennkraftmaschine nicht verbrannt wurde und demnach als unverbrannter Kraftstoffbestandteil im Abgas vorliegt. Ferner weist das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine einen Ammoniakkatalysator auf, der eingerichtet ist, nicht als Reduktionsmittel genutztes Ammoniak umzuwandeln. Mit der Erfindung kann demnach einerseits durch Verwendung des Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysators unter Verwendung von Ammoniak als Reduktionsmittel, welches zumindest anteilig durch den Ammoniakschlupf im Abgas bereitgestellt wird, Stickoxid NOx und Distickstoffmonoxid N2O im Abgas verringert werden, andererseits kann durch den Ammoniakkatalysator verhindert werden, dass nicht zur Reduktion genutztes Ammoniak in die Umgebung gelangt.According to the invention, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system of the internal combustion engine according to the invention has the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst, which serves for the simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxides NO Ammonia slip in the exhaust gas is used, i.e. ammonia that has not been burned in the at least one cylinder of the engine of the internal combustion engine and is therefore present as an unburned fuel component in the exhaust gas. Furthermore, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system of the internal combustion engine according to the invention has an ammonia catalyst which is designed to convert ammonia that is not used as a reducing agent. With the invention, on the one hand, by using the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst using ammonia as a reducing agent, which is at least partially provided by the ammonia slip in the exhaust gas, nitrogen oxide NO Ammonia catalyst prevents ammonia not used for reduction from getting into the environment.
Vorzugsweise sind Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator und der Ammoniakkatalysator in einen gemeinsamen Druckbehälter integriert. Vorzugsweise ist der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases gesehen zumindest stromaufwärts des Ammoniakkatalysators angeordnet, vorzugsweise auch stromabwärts des Ammoniakkatalysators. Dann, wenn der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator und der Ammoniakkatalysator gemeinsam in einen Druckbehälter integriert sind, können dieselben vorteilhaft in das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem integriert werden, insbesondere stromaufwärts einer Turbine eines Abgasturboladers.Fe-beta zeolite catalyst and the ammonia catalyst are preferably integrated in a common pressure vessel. Preferably, the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst is arranged at least upstream of the ammonia catalyst, viewed in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and preferably also downstream of the ammonia catalyst. Then, if the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst and the ammonia catalyst are integrated together in a pressure vessel, they can advantageously be integrated into the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, in particular upstream of a turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger.
Wenn das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem mehrere Abgasturbolader aufweist, die im Sinne eines Hochdruckturboladers und eines Niederdruckturboladers hintereinander bzw. in Serie geschaltet sind, kann der gemeinsame Druckbehälter, in den der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator und der Ammoniakkatalysator gemeinsam integriert sind, sowohl stromaufwärts der Hochdruckturbine des Hochdruckturboladers als auch stromabwärts derselben, jedoch stromaufwärts der Niederdruckturbine des Niederdruckturboladers, angeordnet sein. Hierdurch ist es möglich, hohe Abgastemperaturen zur Reduktion der Stickoxide und Zersetzung des Distickstoffmonoxids im Abgas zu nutzen.If the exhaust gas aftertreatment system has several exhaust gas turbochargers that are connected one behind the other or in series in the sense of a high-pressure turbocharger and a low-pressure turbocharger, the common pressure vessel, in which the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst and the ammonia catalyst are integrated together, can be both upstream of the high-pressure turbine of the high-pressure turbocharger as well as downstream of the same, but upstream of the low-pressure turbine of the low-pressure turbocharger. This makes it possible to use high exhaust gas temperatures to reduce nitrogen oxides and decompose the nitrous oxide in the exhaust gas.
Vorzugsweise sind der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator und der Ammoniakkatalysator auf einem gemeinsamen Substratträger angeordnet. Dann, wenn der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator und der Ammoniakkatalysator auf einem gemeinsamen Substratträger in unterschiedlichen Abschnitten desselben angeordnet sind, ist eine besonders bauraumsparende Ausführung möglich.The Fe-beta zeolite catalyst and the ammonia catalyst are preferably arranged on a common substrate support. If the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst and the ammonia catalyst are arranged on a common substrate support in different sections of the same, a particularly space-saving design is possible.
Vorzugsweise sind stromaufwärts und/oder stromabwärts des Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysators und des Ammoniakkatalysators ein NOx-Sensor und/oder ein Ammoniak-Sensor angeordnet, wobei ein Steuergerät eingerichtet ist, abhängig von Messwerten des mindestens einen NOx-Sensors und/oder des mindestens einen Ammoniak-Sensors einen Ammoniakanteil im Abgas stromaufwärts der Beta-Zeolith Katalysators und des Ammoniakkatalysators einzustellen. Hiermit ist es möglich, den Ammoniakanteil im Abgas gezielt einzustellen, um einerseits eine vollständige Reduktion von Stickoxiden NOx im Abgas zu gewährleisten und andererseits zu verhindern, dass Ammoniak in die Umgebung gelangt.Preferably, an NO x sensor and/or an ammonia sensor are arranged upstream and/or downstream of the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst and the ammonia catalyst, with a control device being set up depending on measured values of the at least one NO x sensor and/or of the at least one ammonia sensor to set an ammonia proportion in the exhaust gas upstream of the beta zeolite catalyst and the ammonia catalyst. This makes it possible to specifically adjust the ammonia content in the exhaust gas in order to ensure, on the one hand, a complete reduction of nitrogen oxides NO x in the exhaust gas and, on the other hand, to prevent ammonia from getting into the environment.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.Preferred developments of the invention result from the subclaims and the following description.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden, ohne hierauf beschränkt zu sein, an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:
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1 eine erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine.
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1 an internal combustion engine according to the invention.
Der Motor 11 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 ist eingerichtet, in den Zylindern 12 als Kraftstoff zumindest anteilig Ammoniak zu verbrennen. Der Kraftstoff wird den Zylindern 12 über ein nicht gezeigtes Kraftstoffversorgungssystem zur Verfügung gestellt.The
Das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem 13 ist eingerichtet, Abgas, welches die Zylinder 12 des Motors 11 verlässt, einer Nachbehandlung zu unterziehen, insbesondere um Stickoxide NOx und Distickstoffmonoxid N2O im Abgas zu reduzieren.The exhaust
Das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem 13 verfügt über einen Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14 zur gleichzeitigen Reduktion von Stickoxiden NOx und Zersetzung von Distickstoffmonoxid N2O im Abgas.The exhaust
Der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14 ist eingerichtet, als Reduktionsmittel für die Reduktion der Stickoxide NOx im Abgas zumindest anteilig einen Ammoniakschlupf im Abgas zu nutzen, also solches Ammoniak, welches in den Zylindern 12 des Motors 11 nicht verbrannt wird, sondern als unverbranntes Ammoniak im Abgas vorliegt. Das als Reduktionsmittel genutzte Ammoniak kann auch die Zersetzung von Distickstoffmonoxid N2O unterstützen.The Fe-beta zeolite catalyst 14 is set up to use at least a proportion of ammonia slip in the exhaust gas as a reducing agent for the reduction of nitrogen oxides NO x in the exhaust gas, i.e. ammonia that is not burned in the
In
Das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem 13 verfügt weiterhin über einen Ammoniakkatalysator 15. Der Ammoniakkatalysator 15 ist eingerichtet, nicht als Reduktionsmittel genutztes Ammoniak in Wasser H2O und in Stickstoff N2 umzuwandeln. In
Der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14, in
In
Im Unterschied hierzu ist es auch möglich, den Druckbehälter 16 mit dem Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14 und dem Ammoniakkatalysator 15 stromaufwärts der Hochdruckturbine 18 in das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem 13 zu integrieren.In contrast to this, it is also possible to integrate the
Dann, wenn das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem 13 einen einzigen Abgasturbolader aufweist, ist der Druckbehälter 16 mit dem Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14 und dem Ammoniakkatalysator 15 zwischen dem Motor 11 und der Turbine des Turboladers angeordnet.Then, when the exhaust
In
Wie bereits ausgeführt, ist in
Es ist jedoch auch möglich, dass der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14 ausschließlich stromaufwärts des Ammoniakkatalysators 15 angeordnet ist.However, it is also possible for the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst 14 to be arranged exclusively upstream of the ammonia catalyst 15.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14 und der Ammoniakkatalysator 15 auf einem gemeinsamen Substratträger, insbesondere auf einem gemeinsamen Wabenkörper, in unterschiedlichen Abschnitten desselben angeordnet sind. So kann entlang der sich in Durchströmungsrichtung des Wabenkörpers erstreckenden Axialrichtung zuerst der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14, nämlich der Katalysatorabschnitt 14a desselben, auf dem Substratträger angeordnet sein, dann in einem nachfolgenden Abschnitt der Ammoniakkatalysator 15 und dann nachfolgend in einem weiteren Abschnitt der Katalysatorabschnitt 14b des Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysators 14. In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst 14 and the ammonia catalyst 15 are arranged on a common substrate support, in particular on a common honeycomb body, in different sections of the same. Thus, along the axial direction extending in the flow direction of the honeycomb body, first the Fe-beta zeolite catalyst 14, namely the catalyst section 14a thereof, can be arranged on the substrate support, then in a subsequent section the ammonia catalyst 15 and then subsequently in a further section the catalyst section 14b of the Fe-Beta-Zeolite catalyst 14.
Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14 und Ammoniakkatalysator 15 können auch auf unterschiedlichen Substratträgern, nämlich Wabenkörpern, z.B. auf Metallbasis oder Keramikbasis, angeordnet sein.Fe-beta zeolite catalyst 14 and ammonia catalyst 15 can also be arranged on different substrate supports, namely honeycomb bodies, for example metal-based or ceramic-based.
Die Erfindung schlägt eine Brennkraftmaschine 10 vor, in deren Zylindern 12 als Kraftstoff zumindest anteilig Ammoniak verbrannt wird, wobei dieselbe über ein kompaktes Abgasnachbehandlungssystem 13 verfügt. Vorzugsweise sind in dem gemeinsamen Druckbehälter 16 sowohl der Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14 zur gleichzeitigen Reduktion von Stickoxiden NOx und Zersetzung von Distickstoffmonoxid N2O sowie der Ammoniakkatalysator 15 angeordnet. Als Reduktionsmittel wird zumindest anteilig der im Abgas enthaltende Ammoniakschlupf des Motors 11 genutzt, wobei dann, wenn der Ammoniakschlupf im Abgas, also unverbrannter Ammoniakkraftstoff im Abgas nicht ausreichend ist, um eine gewünschte Reduktion von Stickoxiden zu gewährleisten, dem Abgas stromaufwärts des Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysators 14 weiteres Ammoniak über die Dosiereinrichtung 24 beigemischt werden kann. Um zu verhindern, dass Ammoniak in die Umgebung gelangt, weist das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem 13 zusätzlich zum Fe-Beta-Zeolith Katalysator 14 den Ammoniakkatalysator 15. Vorzugsweise sind diese Katalysatoren 14, 15 in den gemeinsamen Druckbehälter 16 integriert und auf einem gemeinsamen Substratträger angeordnet.The invention proposes an
BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list
- 1010
- BrennkraftmaschineInternal combustion engine
- 1111
- Motorengine
- 1212
- Zylindercylinder
- 1313
- AbgasnachbehandlungssystemExhaust aftertreatment system
- 1414
- Fe-Beta-Zeolith KatalysatorFe-beta zeolite catalyst
- 14a14a
- KatalysatorabschnittCatalyst section
- 14b14b
- KatalysatorabschnittCatalyst section
- 1515
- AmmoniakkatalysatorAmmonia catalyst
- 1616
- Druckbehälterpressure vessel
- 1717
- HochdruckturboladerHigh pressure turbocharger
- 1818
- HochdruckturbineHigh pressure turbine
- 1919
- HochdruckverdichterHigh pressure compressor
- 2020
- NiederdruckturboladerLow pressure turbocharger
- 2121
- NiederdruckturbineLow pressure turbine
- 2222
- NiederdruckverdichterLow pressure compressor
- 2323
- BypassventilBypass valve
- 2424
- DosiereinrichtungDosing device
- 2525
- Ammoniak-SensorAmmonia sensor
- 2626
- Ammoniak-SensorAmmonia sensor
- 2727
- NOx-SensorNO x sensor
- 2828
- NOx-SensorNO x sensor
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- EP 2286897 B2 [0005]EP 2286897 B2 [0005]
- EP 2576019 B1 [0005]EP 2576019 B1 [0005]
Claims (10)
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012019947A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-17 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Internal combustion engine |
EP2576019B1 (en) | 2010-06-04 | 2014-12-24 | ThyssenKrupp Uhde GmbH | Method and device for eliminating nox and n2o |
EP2286897B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2018-10-03 | thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions AG | Device for reducing the NOx and N2O content of gases |
US20180345259A1 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2018-12-06 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Hydrothermally Stable Iron Containing AEI Zeolite SCR Catalyst |
DE102021130237A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-25 | Caterpillar Inc. | EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD |
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- 2022-08-04 DE DE102022119570.8A patent/DE102022119570A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2286897B2 (en) | 2002-06-13 | 2018-10-03 | thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions AG | Device for reducing the NOx and N2O content of gases |
EP2576019B1 (en) | 2010-06-04 | 2014-12-24 | ThyssenKrupp Uhde GmbH | Method and device for eliminating nox and n2o |
DE102012019947A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2014-04-17 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Internal combustion engine |
US20180345259A1 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2018-12-06 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Hydrothermally Stable Iron Containing AEI Zeolite SCR Catalyst |
DE102021130237A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-25 | Caterpillar Inc. | EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD |
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