DE102022109727A1 - Method for generating a functional structure on a surface of a functional body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a functional structure (104) on a surface (110) of a functional body (100), comprising the steps: providing a structural film (106) with a negative structure (108), which is a corresponding negative of the functional structure (104). depicts, arranging the structural film (106) on a curable coating (102) of the functional body (100) in such a way that the functional structure (104) is produced on the functional body (100) by means of the negative structure (108), the structural film (106) being created in such a way is arranged and is designed so that it can be removed for the intended use of the functional body (100) in such a way that the functional structure (104) remains on the surface (110).

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a functional structure on a surface of a functional body, a structural film and a method for producing a structural film.

The properties of surfaces can be specifically influenced using micro- and nanostructures. Micro- and nanostructures can be used, for example, for biological applications, especially antimicrobial surfaces. These can also be used in the transport sector, for example for flow-optimized riblet surfaces on aircraft or trains. Another application of micro- and nanostructures concerns the optimization of the flow resistance of ships' underwater structures. In the construction sector, micro and nanostructures are used for self-cleaning surfaces. They are also used in the energy sector, for example to increase the efficiency of wind turbines or solar systems.

Such structures are often inspired by surfaces from nature. For example, riblet structures have been developed to reduce the flow resistance of bodies with fluid flow around them, based on the rough shark skin.

The EP 1 135 267 A1 describes, for example, a method for the decorative design of a painted substrate surface, whereby one or more embossing matrices are pressed into an uncured coating layer, each with a relief on the side to be decorated. One disadvantage of this method is, among other things, that a precise alignment of the embossing dies and a corresponding device have to be arranged on the surface to be decorated.

The EP 0 428 628 A1 describes structuring a substrate with a pressure belt. This device has the disadvantage that it is particularly not suitable for large substrate surfaces, since the device would have to be moved on the surface.

Furthermore, the nano-imprint process is known, in which a film substrate is coated with a radiation-curable or thermally curable lacquer and brought into contact with the structured surface of a tool. The polymerization of the paint is initiated while the tool is in contact with the liquid paint. The surface structures of the tool are thus formed as a negative in the paint. Such films can, for example, be provided with a self-adhesive backing layer and glued to the surface to be coated. The EP 2 146 805 A1 describes, for example, such a nano-imprint process. The disadvantage of this process is that the film itself forms the surface, so that properties of the film define the properties of the surface. In addition, the use of a so-called master film is known to produce a new film with the negative impression of the master film.

A further disadvantage of many known methods is that the coating has to be hardened using a special hardening process, for example UV radiation. Such methods are often not applicable in industry, for example because the areas are too large, for example the underwater hull of a freighter.

It is an industry requirement to provide large-format components with functional structures. Furthermore, it is a requirement that the provision of the functional structures is possible regardless of location and with little outlay on the device.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for producing a functional structure on a surface of a functional body, a structural film and a method for producing a structural film, which reduce or eliminate one or more of the disadvantages mentioned. It is a particular object of the invention to provide a solution that enables high-quality and/or economical production of a functional structure on a functional body.

This task is solved with the methods and structural films according to the features of the independent patent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of these aspects are specified in the respective dependent patent claims. The features listed individually in the patent claims and the description can be combined with one another in any technologically sensible manner, with further embodiment variants of the invention being shown.

According to a first aspect, the task mentioned at the outset is achieved by a method for producing a functional structure on a surface of a functional body, comprising the steps: providing a structural film with a negative structure which images a corresponding negative of the functional structure, arranging the structural film on a curable coating of the Functional body such that the functional structure is generated on the functional body by means of the negative structure, the structural film being arranged in this way net and is designed so that it can be removed for the intended use of the functional body in such a way that the functional structure remains on the surface.

The invention is based on the knowledge that films with functional structures are not suitable for a large number of applications because the material of the film generally does not have the required properties like coatings, for example paints. Furthermore, the invention is based on the knowledge that a functional structure can advantageously be produced on the surface of the functional body with a structural film with a negative structure, in particular no additional curing processes for the coating, for example UV irradiation, being required.

The method described above can be used to create large-area functional structures in particular. In contrast to embossing stamps or embossing tapes, the structural film can also be used to create large-area functional structures, for example on the underwater ships of freighters, on the wings of watercraft, on the rotor blades of wind turbines and the like. Furthermore, such functional structures can be created on a rotor blade of a helicopter or on a wing of an aircraft. The process has the further advantage in aviation and shipping that an already approved or certified material can be used for the coating, whereas the functional structure is created with the structural film that is not used in operation.

The process is particularly suitable for applications that place special demands on the coating. In such applications, the film usually should not be left on the surface as it does not have the appropriate properties. This can be, for example, a fouling-inhibiting property of the coating or, for example, a flow-optimizing property of the functional body. Furthermore, films are often sensitive to mechanical contact, so that, for example, when underwater, contact with the ground, which occurs regularly in practice, leads to damage. Furthermore, in the event of a bird strike on a rotor blade of a wind turbine, for example, the film arranged there can be damaged.

In addition, the process can be used to produce self-cleaning surfaces if the coating has appropriate properties, these self-cleaning properties being independent of the properties of the structural film.

The functional body can be, for example, a hull, in particular an underwater ship, or a propeller of a ship, for example a container ship or a cruise ship. Furthermore, the functional body can be a rotor blade of a wind turbine or a helicopter or a wing of an aircraft. Furthermore, the functional body can be a component of an automobile. It is particularly preferred that the surface of the functional body is a surface that interacts with a fluid, for example air or water, during normal operation.

The method includes the step: providing the structural film with the negative structure, which depicts a corresponding negative of the functional structure. In particular, the functional structure represents the positive as a counterpart to the negative. The negative structure can in particular have a relief that has elevations and depressions. Accordingly, when the structural film is used according to the method, the elevations of the negative structure form depressions in the coating and the depressions of the negative structure form elevations in the coating.

A structural film is to be understood in particular as a film with the negative structure. A film is to be understood in particular as a flat structure made of very thin material, in particular plastic. A thickness of the structural film is in particular less than 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.1 mm or 0.01 mm. The structural film is preferably designed to be stretchable. It is also preferred that the structural film is designed to be unrollable. In particular, the structural film can be provided rolled up on a roll.

The method further comprises the step: arranging the structural film on a curable coating of the functional body in such a way that the functional structure is produced on the functional body by means of the negative structure. Since the coating can be hardened at this point in time, it can be formed; in particular, the functional structure, for example a relief, can be embossed into it. By arranging the structural film on the coating, the negative structure can be pressed into the coating, so that the functional structure is created on the functional body and in particular on the coating. Creating the functional structure can also be referred to as imprinting.

The structural film is arranged in such a way and is designed in such a way that the structural film for the In order to use the functional body as intended, it can be removed in such a way that the functional structure remains on the surface. As explained in more detail below, the structural film can be designed to be water-soluble, so that the structural film dissolves in water when the functional body is used and is therefore removed. Alternatively, the structural film can be designed in such a way that it can be removed after the coating has hardened. It is particularly preferred that the structural film is arranged and designed in such a way that it can be used multiple times.

A detailed functional structure containing micro- and/or nanostructures can thus be produced on the surface of the functional body without the material of the structural film influencing the properties of the coating or the surface of the functional body.

Particularly in comparison to the use of embossing stamps or tools, such as embossing tapes, the method described above offers the possibility of providing large surfaces with the functional structure. In particular, this does not require any complex machines that, for example, carry out the application along a ship's hull.

It is preferred that the method comprises the step: producing the curable coating on the functional body. The coating can in particular be a lacquer. The coating can be produced on the functional body in particular by applying a coating material to or on the functional body, for example by spraying or brushing.

The coating preferably has one, two or more particles and/or materials selected from a group consisting of: metallic copper, copper oxides, copper thiocyanate, copper pyrithione, dichlofluanide, tolylfluanide, dichlorooctylisothiazolinone, cybutryn, metal oxide nanoparticles, in particular vanadium pentoxide, ZnO , TiO2, CeO2, AL2O3 nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, metal-metal oxide nanoparticles, for example Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, especially CNT, carbon nano tubes, graphene, epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin.

In addition, it may be preferred that the coating has a proportion of less than 10% organic solvent. Furthermore, the coating can be a water-based paint.

In a preferred embodiment variant of the method it is provided that the structural film remains on the functional body, in particular on the coating, until the coating has at least partially hardened, preferably until the coating has hardened. Until the coating has at least partially hardened, this means in particular that the structural film remains on the functional body at least until at least partially hardened or even longer.

The structural film can, for example, be removed manually or automatically after the coating has at least partially hardened. Alternatively, the structural film can initially remain on the functional body and be removed when used as intended, for example in water, due to the water-soluble properties of the structural film.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the method it is provided that the structural film is designed to be water-soluble. In particular, the structural film can consist of or include a film material that is water-soluble.

A water-soluble structural film is to be understood in particular as a structural film that dissolves or loses its film-like structure upon contact with water. In particular, the film material dissolves in the water. As a result, the structural film is removed from the functional body or from the coating through contact with water.

For example, a water-soluble structural film can be arranged on an underwater hull of a ship, so that after the functional structure has been created, no active removal of the film is necessary, but rather the structural film is removed by the water. This removal can be done by using the ship in the water as intended. Alternatively, the structural film can be actively removed by applying water, for example in a dry dock.

The structural film can, for example, consist of or include a water-soluble polymer. It is particularly preferred that the structural film consists of or comprises a polyvinyl alcohol. Furthermore, it is preferred that the structural film consists of or comprises a material based on a milk protein.

In a further preferred embodiment variant of the method it is provided that the water-soluble structural film consists of or comprises a biodegradable film material. This can mean in particular that the components of the film material dissolved in the water are partially or completely biodegradable.

In a further preferred embodiment variant of the method it is provided that the structural film is arranged on the coating in such a way that the structural film can be removed at least in sections from the cured coating before the functional body is used as intended.

For this purpose, it is preferred that the structural film has the following components: a polymer from the group of acrylates or methyl acrylates, in particular produced from a monomer and / or an oligomer with at least one polymerizable double bond, at least one surface-active non-stick additive selected from the group of alkyl ( meth)acrylates, polysiloxane (meth)acrylates, perfluoroalkyl (meth)acrylates, perfluoropolyether (meth)acrylates, alkyl vinyl ethers, polysiloxane vinyl ethers, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers and perfluoropolyether vinyl ethers, or an inorganic is or includes nanoparticles. Furthermore, the polymer may have been produced with a photoinitiator. Such a structural film can be removed over a large area with little effort, ensuring that the process is highly cost-effective. In particular, the functional structure remains intact through the use of the non-stick additive.

In a further preferred embodiment variant of the method it is provided that the negative structure of the structural film is designed to be microstructured. The microstructured negative structure is preferably characterized by the fact that individual structural elements of the negative structure have a size of less than 1000 μm. Furthermore, it may be preferred that the size of individual structural elements of the negative structure have a size of less than 1 μm.

A preferred development of the method is characterized in that the functional structure and/or the negative structure has a large number of structural elements, each with a structural size and/or a structural spacing of adjacent structural elements, the structural size preferably being between 5 µm and 200 µm, preferably between 10 µm and 100 µm.

In a further preferred development of the method it is provided that the structural elements have undercuts. The undercuts can be created on the negative structure, for example, using a thermal process for targeted and temporary melting of the relief. The undercuts can be created on the functional structure by undercuts of the negative structure, it being particularly preferred that these are used in a water-soluble structural film, since the structural film can also be advantageously removed in the undercuts due to the water solubility of the structural film.

In a further preferred embodiment variant of the method it is provided that the structural elements have a V-shaped cross section. This cross section spans in particular in a plane or in a surface that is aligned parallel to the surface of the functional body. In particular, a cross-sectional orthogonal of the cross section is aligned parallel to a surface orthogonal of the surface of the functional body. In particular, a so-called riblet structure, which is also referred to as shark skin, can be formed using V-shaped cross sections of the structural elements. The individual V-shaped structural elements can be separated from one another by grooves, for example.

In addition, it is preferred that the structural size of the structural elements and/or the structural spacing of adjacent structural elements varies or varies. Furthermore, it is preferred that the structure size and/or the structure spacing varies or varies depending on a position. The position refers to a position on or on the structural film and/or the functional body. For example, it may be preferred that the structural size and/or the structural spacing of adjacent structural elements on a functional body rotating in normal operation is or are selected as a function of a spacing from an axis of rotation, it being particularly preferred that the structural size and/or the structural spacing neighboring structural elements decrease the greater the spacing.

In a further preferred development of the method it is provided that the coating has anti-fouling additives. Fouling is understood to mean, in particular, adhesion of biomass to surfaces, for example submerged surfaces. These can be, for example, algae, snails, crabs and the like. Particularly on the underwater hulls of ships, such growth leads to increased fuel consumption, which can be increased by between 3 and 5 percent, for example, due to the growth.

Coatings with additives that inhibit fouling are also known as antifouling. The additives can be, for example, chemically and/or biologically active substances. By means of such anti-fouling additives The coating can reduce or avoid unwanted growth.

In a further preferred embodiment variant it is provided that the coating is designed to be self-curing. By means of such a coating, the method can be designed to be free of additional curing steps, for example UV irradiation.

According to a further aspect, the aforementioned object is achieved by a structural film, in particular for use in a method according to one of the embodiment variants described above, comprising a film body with a negative structure of a functional structure. It is preferred that the film body comprises a water-soluble polymer or consists of a water-soluble polymer. It is further preferred that the film body can be formed by heating and/or by moistening.

In a preferred development of the structural film it is provided that the polymer is or comprises a polyvinyl alcohol. Polyvinyl alcohols are advantageously water-soluble and can therefore form the structural film or the film body. Furthermore, it is preferred that the structural film consists of or comprises a material based on a milk protein.

In particular, use of the structural film in a method according to one of the embodiment variants described above is preferred.

In a further preferred embodiment variant of the structural film it is provided that the film body has: a polymer from the group of acrylates or methyl acrylates, at least one surface-active non-stick additive selected from the group of alkyl (meth) acrylates, polysiloxane (meth) acrylates, Perfluoroalkyl (meth) acrylates, perfluoropolyether (meth) acrylates, alkyl vinyl ethers, polysiloxane vinyl ethers, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers and perfluoropolyether vinyl ethers, or which is or comprises an inorganic nanoparticle. It is preferred that the polymer was created with a monomer and/or an oligomer with at least one polymerizable double bond. Furthermore, the polymer can be produced with a photoinitiator.

A further preferred development of the structural film is characterized in that the negative structure has a large number of structural elements, each with a structural size and/or a structural spacing, the structural size and/or the structural spacing varying depending on a position. The structural elements can, for example, have a V-shaped cross section. The position is in particular a position on or on the structural film. For example, it may be preferred that the structural size and/or the structural spacing of adjacent structural elements on a functional body rotating in normal operation is or are selected as a function of a spacing from an axis of rotation, it being particularly preferred that the structural size and/or the structural spacing neighboring structural elements decrease the greater the spacing.

According to a further aspect, the task mentioned at the outset is achieved by a method for producing a structural film, in particular a structural film according to one of the embodiment variants described above, comprising the steps: providing a master structural film with a master functional structure and a deformable film body, and producing a film composite by flat Connecting the film body and the master structure film so that the master functional structure is pressed into the film body to produce a negative structure as a negative of the master function structure in the film body, or providing a roller body with a roller structure on a peripheral surface and a deformable film body, and rolling the film body with the Roller body, so that the roller structure is pressed into the film body to create a negative structure as a negative of the roller structure in the film body. The film body can have the features of the structural film mentioned above.

The master functional structure preferably has the same relief as a functional structure to be produced with the structural film. If the structural film has undercuts, the relief of the master functional structure usually deviates from the relief of the functional structure. It is preferred that the master structure film is produced using a nano-imprint process. The film body can be deformable as such or using aids, for example water and/or heat.

It is preferred that the film composite is stored for at least a predetermined time at an increased ambient temperature and/or a reduced ambient pressure, so that the film body and the master structure film are advantageously connected to one another. It is preferred that the elevated ambient temperature is above the glass transition temperature of the material, which for PVA, for example, is below 90 ° C.

It is also preferred that the method includes the step: winding up the film composite. By winding up the foil ver Bunds, for example on a roll and/or as a roll, the film composite can be compressed and thus the flat connection can be improved.

In a further preferred embodiment variant of the method it is provided that it comprises the step or steps: heating and/or moistening the film body such that the film body can be formed with the master structure film or the roller body.

In a further preferred embodiment variant of the method it is provided that the film body was produced with a photoinitiator, the method comprising the step: exposing the film body to ultraviolet radiation.

For further advantages, design variants and design details of the individual aspects and their possible further developments, reference is also made to the description of the further aspects, the corresponding features and further developments.

• 1: eine schematische, zweidimensionale Ansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform eines Funktionskörpers mit einer Beschichtung und einer Strukturfolie;
• 2: eine schematische, zweidimensionale Ansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform eines Funktionskörpers mit einer Beschichtung;
• 3: eine schematische, zweidimensionale Ansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform einer Strukturfolie;
• 4: schematische, zweidimensionale Ansichten beispielhafter Ausführungsformen eines Folienkörpers und einer Masterstrukturfolie;
• 5: eine schematische Darstellung eines beispielhaften Verfahrens zur Erzeugung einer Funktionsstruktur an einer Oberfläche eines Funktionskörpers; und
• 6: eine schematische Darstellung eines beispielhaften Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer Strukturfolie.

Preferred exemplary embodiments are explained using the accompanying figures as examples. Show it:

• 1 : a schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a functional body with a coating and a structural film;
• 2 : a schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a functional body with a coating;
• 3 : a schematic, two-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a structural film;
• 4 : schematic, two-dimensional views of exemplary embodiments of a film body and a master structure film;
• 5 : a schematic representation of an exemplary method for generating a functional structure on a surface of a functional body; and
• 6 : a schematic representation of an exemplary method for producing a structural film.

In the figures, identical or essentially functionally identical or similar elements are designated with the same reference numerals.

1 shows a functional body 100, the flat extent of which is aligned into the image plane. A coating 102 is formed on the functional body 100, which forms the surface 110 of the functional body 100 when the functional body 100 is operating as intended.

Like especially in the 2 shown, the coating 102 has a functional structure 104 with functional structure elements 105. The functional structural elements 105 can, for example, have a structure size that is between 10 μm and 100 μm. In addition, the functional structural elements 105 can have a V-shaped cross section, the surface orthogonal of which extends in particular in a direction vertical in the image.

The functional structure 104 is created by means of a structural film 106 with a negative structure 108, which depicts a corresponding negative of the functional structure 104. For this purpose, the curable coating 102 is first produced, for example applied, on the functional body 100. The structural film 106 is then provided and arranged on the curable coating 102 in such a way that the functional structure 104 is produced on the functional body 100 by means of the negative structure 108.

The functional structure 104 is thus impressed by the negative structure 108. In particular, this can be done by pressing downwards on the structural film 106 in the vertical direction. Of course, the flat extension of the functional body 100 can also be oriented vertically, for example on the side of a ship.

After the functional structure 104 has been created on the functional body 100 or the coating 102, as in 2 shown, the structural film 106 can be removed.

In 3 the structural film 106 is shown separately. In particular, it is shown that the negative structure 108 has a large number of individual negative structural elements 109. The negative structural elements 109 are designed to be concave, in particular as recesses. The representation of the figures is schematic, since the functional structural elements 105 and the negative structural elements 109 preferably have an extension in the micrometer and/or nanometer range.

In 4 a deformable film body 107 and a master structure film 112 with a master functional structure 114 are shown. To produce the structural film 106, a film composite is produced by flatly connecting the film body 107 and the master structural film 112. This will create the master functional structure 114 is pressed into the film body 107, so that the negative structure 108 is produced as a negative of the master functional structure 114 on the film body 107, whereby the structural film 106 is produced.

5 shows a method for producing a functional structure 104 on a surface 110 of the functional body 100. The method comprises the step: generating 200 the curable coating 102 on the functional body 100. The method further comprises the step: providing 210 a structural film 106 with a negative structure 108, which depicts a corresponding negative of the functional structure 104.

In addition, the method includes the step: arranging 220 the structural film 106 on the curable coating 102 of the functional body 100 such that the functional structure 104 is generated on the functional body 100 by means of the negative structure 108. The structural film 106 is arranged and is designed in such a way that it can be removed for the intended use of the functional body 100 in such a way that the functional structure 104 remains on the surface 110.

This can be achieved, for example, by making the structural film 106 water-soluble. As soon as the functional body 100 or the coating 102 is exposed to water, the structural film 106 is dissolved so that the coating 102 forms the surface 110 of the functional body 100. This has the advantage that the functional structure 104 was created with the structural film 106 on the one hand, but at the same time the coating 102 with its specific properties acts as a surface 110 during normal operation.

In 6 a method for producing a structural film 106 is shown. The method includes the step: providing 300 a master structure film 112 with a master functional structure 114 and a deformable film body 107. The method further includes the step: heating and / or moistening 310 of the film body 107 such that the film body 107 can be formed with the master structure film 112. Step 310 is optional and can also take place after step 320 described below.

The method further includes the step: generating 320 a film composite by flatly connecting the film body 107 and the master structure film 112, so that the master functional structure 114 is pressed into the film body 107 in order to produce a negative structure 108 as a negative of the master function structure 114 in the film body 107.

Furthermore, the method can include the step: exposing 330 the film body 100 to ultraviolet radiation. In particular, if the structural film 106 has a material with a photoinitiator, the structural film 106 can advantageously be solidified with the negative structure 108.

The method described above and the corresponding structural film 106 have the advantage that large surfaces 110 of functional bodies 100 can be provided with a functional structure 104. In particular, only the structural film 106 is required for this and no complex machine technology is required. This enables particularly efficient and high-quality production of functional structures 104 on surfaces 110 of functional bodies 100.

REFERENCE MARKS

100

functional body

102

Coating

104

Functional structure

105

Functional structure elements

106

Structural film

107

Foil body

108

Negative structure

109

Negative structural elements

110

surface

112

Master structure film

114

Master function structure

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1135267 A1 [0004]
• EP 0428628 A1 [0005]
• EP 2146805 A1 [0006]

Claims (18)

Method for producing a functional structure (104) on a surface (110) of a functional body (100), comprising the steps: - Providing a structural film (106) with a negative structure (108) which depicts a corresponding negative of the functional structure (104), - Arranging the structural film (106) on a curable coating (102) of the functional body (100) in such a way that the functional structure (104) is produced on the functional body (100) by means of the negative structure (108), - wherein the structural film (106) is arranged and designed in such a way that it can be removed for the intended use of the functional body (100) in such a way that the functional structure (104) remains on the surface (110). Procedure according to Claim 1 , wherein the structural film (106) remains on the functional body (100) until the coating (102) has at least partially hardened. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - The structural film (106) is water-soluble. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - The water-soluble structural film (106) consists of or comprises a biodegradable film material. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the structural film (106) is arranged on the coating (102) in such a way that the structural film (106) can be removed at least in sections from the at least partially cured coating (102) before the functional body (100) is used as intended. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - The negative structure (108) of the structural film (106) is microstructured. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - The functional structure (104) and/or the negative structure (108) has a plurality of structural elements (105, 109), each with a structural size and/or a structural spacing of adjacent structural elements, the structural size preferably being between 5 µm and 200 µm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the structure size and/or the structure spacing varies depending on a position. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - The structural elements (105, 109) have a V-shaped cross section. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - The coating (102) has anti-fouling additives. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - The coating (102) is designed to be self-curing. Structural film (106), in particular for use in a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising - a film body (107) with a negative structure (108) of a functional structure (104). Structural film (106) after the previous one Claim 12 , wherein the film body (107) comprises or consists of a water-soluble polymer, wherein preferably the polymer is or comprises a polyvinyl alcohol. Structural film (106) according to one of the previous ones Claims 12 - 13 , wherein the film body (107) has: - a polymer from the group of acrylates or methyl acrylates, - at least one surface-active non-stick additive selected from the group of alkyl (meth) acrylates, polysiloxane (meth) acrylates, perfluoroalkyl (meth). -)Acrylates, perfluoropolyether (meth)acrylates, alkyl vinyl ethers, polysiloxane vinyl ethers, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers and perfluoropolyether vinyl ethers, or which is or comprises an inorganic nanoparticle. Structural film (106) according to one of the previous ones Claims 12 - 14 , wherein the negative structure has a plurality of structural elements (105, 109), each with a structure size and/or a structure spacing, the structure size and/or the structure spacing varying depending on a position. Method for producing a structural film (106), in particular a structural film (106) according to one of the previous ones Claims 11 - 14 , comprising the steps: - Providing and producing a master structure film (112) with a master functional structure (114) and a deformable film body (107). a film composite by flatly connecting the film body and the master structure film (112), so that the master functional structure (114) is pressed into the film body in order to produce a negative structure (108) as a negative of the master function structure (114) in the film body (107), or - Providing a roller body with a roller structure on a peripheral surface and a deformable film body, and rolling the film body with the roller body so that the roller structure is pressed into the film body to produce a negative structure (108) as a negative of the roller structure in the film body (107). Method according to the previous claim, comprising the step or steps: - Heating and/or moistening the film body (107) in such a way that the film body (107) can be formed with the master structure film (112) or the roller body. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the film body (107) was produced with a photoinitiator, the method comprising the step: exposing the film body (107) to ultraviolet radiation.

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