DE102022109688A1 - Floatable offshore structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600), comprising at least one marine energy cable connection (106, 606), set up for connecting a marine energy cable (116, 616), at least one anchor connection (114, 314 , 414, 514, 614), set up for connecting at least one anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622) for anchoring the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) to an underwater bottom, at least a detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608), set up to detect an anchor connection tear indication, and at least one switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612), set up to at least electrically disconnect the electrical connection to the marine energy cable (116, 616) connected to the marine energy cable connection (106, 606) upon or after detection of an anchor connection tear indication.

Description

The application relates to a buoyant offshore structure, comprising at least one marine energy cable connection, set up for connecting a sea energy cable, and at least one anchor connection, set up for connecting at least one anchor connection for anchoring the buoyant offshore structure to an underwater bottom. In addition, the application relates to a (buoyant) energy production system, a method and a use.

Nowadays, energy generation systems are increasingly being used to provide electrical energy, in which the generation of electrical energy is based on so-called renewable energy sources. Electrical power generation systems have at least one power generation device, preferably a plurality of power generation devices.

For example, wind energy systems or wind farms with at least one wind turbine as an energy generation device are used as electrical energy generation systems. A wind turbine is designed in particular to convert kinetic wind energy into electrical energy. In addition to wind energy systems or wind farms, photovoltaic systems or photovoltaic parks are increasingly being built as electrical energy generation systems, in which a plurality of photovoltaic modules are usually provided for electrical energy generation.

Such energy generation systems are not only found at onshore locations, but increasingly also at offshore locations. There are many reasons for choosing an offshore location: The available space on land may be limited. It has also been shown that the energy yield can be increased, for example in wind farms. Offshore locations are usually characterized by relatively continuous wind conditions and high average wind speeds, so that, for example, so-called offshore wind energy systems or offshore wind farms are increasingly being built. For example, offshore photovoltaic parks can be installed due to space constraints.

As a rule, an offshore energy generation system has a large number of offshore structures, such as a large number of offshore wind turbines and at least one offshore substation, via which an offshore wind farm is electrically connected, for example with an onshore substation or another offshore substation or offshore converter station.

An onshore substation, in turn, can be connected to a public power grid. To transmit electrical energy between two offshore structures or an offshore structure and an onshore structure, energy cables in the form of marine energy cables are laid between the structures mentioned.

While it was previously common for offshore wind turbines and offshore substations, but also for other offshore structures, such as photovoltaic platforms, gas or oil exploration platforms, etc., to be supported by a foundation structure (e.g. monopile, tripod, tripile) or jacket foundations) on or in the underwater floor, in particular a seabed, there are increasing considerations about installing floating or buoyant offshore structures, for example buoyant energy generation devices, such as buoyant offshore wind turbines or buoyant photovoltaic platforms.

One reason for using floating offshore structures or offshore structures is the possibility of installing such offshore structures in areas with a great water depth, for example more than 150 m.

A buoyant or floating offshore structure can have at least one buoyant foundation with at least one floating body. A device with at least one marine energy cable connection can be arranged on the floating foundation. In variants, the marine energy cable connection can also be arranged on the foundation. A marine energy cable connection is set up to connect a marine energy cable.

For example, a transformer device with at least one transformer, a wind power device, a photovoltaic device, a hydrogen production device, etc. can be installed as a device on the foundation.

For (permanent) stationary operation of the offshore structure at a specific installation location, the offshore structure is attached to the underwater floor (usually a seabed) by at least one anchoring arrangement. The at least one anchoring arrangement is set up to fasten the offshore structure to an underwater bottom in an anchoring state of the offshore structure.

For this purpose, the anchoring arrangement can have at least one anchor connection running between an anchor, which is at least partially buried in the underwater floor, and the buoyant offshore structure. The offshore structure includes at least one anchor connection. The anchor connection is set up for connecting at least one anchor connection for anchoring the buoyant offshore structure to the underwater floor. In variants, two or more anchor connections can also be connected or attached to one anchor connection.

The problem with the floating offshore structures described is that an anchor connection can tear or be severed during operation of an offshore structure. An anchor connection can, for example, break in an accident with a watercraft or the like due to the high mechanical loads that act on an anchor connection during operation.

As a result of a torn anchor connection, the connected marine energy cable, which is under electrical voltage, can break. A rupture of a live, connected marine energy cable leads to a short circuit and therefore poses a high safety risk, since high currents regularly flow over marine energy cables and/or high voltages are present on such a cable.

The application is therefore based on the task of providing a buoyant offshore structure with a marine energy cable connection for connecting a marine energy cable, in which safety is increased during operation of the buoyant offshore structure.

The task is solved according to a first aspect of the application by a buoyant offshore structure according to claim 1. The buoyant offshore structure includes at least one marine energy cable connection. The at least one marine energy cable connection is set up for connecting a marine energy cable. The buoyant offshore structure includes at least one anchor connection. The at least one anchor connection is set up for connecting at least one anchor connection for anchoring the buoyant offshore structure to an underwater bottom. The buoyant offshore structure includes at least one detection arrangement. The at least one detection arrangement is set up to detect an anchor connection tear indication (e.g. a torn anchor connection of the buoyant offshore structure or an anchor connection state of an anchor connection of the buoyant offshore structure that threatens to tear due to high load). The buoyant offshore structure includes at least one switching device. The at least one switching device is set up to at least electrically disconnect (or switch off or disconnect) the electrical connection to the marine energy cable connected to the marine energy cable connection upon or after detection of an anchor connection tear indication.

In contrast to the prior art, a buoyant offshore structure is provided according to the application, which comprises a detection arrangement for detecting an anchor connection tear indication, in particular a tearing of an anchor connection or a loosened anchor connection, and a switching device which, in the event of such detection, controls the current flow or the If energy transmission is interrupted by a connected marine energy cable, safety is increased during operation of the floating offshore structure. A live marine energy cable is (safely) prevented from being torn off. An unwanted short circuit is avoided.

The offshore structure according to the registration is a buoyant offshore structure or one that floats during operation. The buoyant offshore structure or the buoyant offshore structure has at least one marine energy cable connection. For example, two marine energy cable connections can be provided. A marine energy cable connection is used to connect a marine energy cable during operation of the offshore structure. For example, two marine energy cables can be connected to an offshore structure.

A marine energy cable is particularly designed to transmit electrical energy. The marine energy cable is preferably a medium-voltage submarine cable (in particular between 3 kV to 30 kV) or a high-voltage submarine cable (60 kV to 110 kV). The power capacity of a marine energy cable according to the registration is preferably between 3 MW and 2.5 GW. In addition, a marine energy cable can also be set up for data transmission.

A sea energy cable according to the application can run in particular from the sea energy cable connection to the underwater floor and then in the underwater floor in a certain depth range. If the further connected structure is also an offshore structure, the marine energy cable can then run from the underwater floor to a further marine energy cable connection of the further (buoyant) offshore structure. If the other connected structure is an onshore structure, the Seeener The cables essentially run in the ground up to the further sea energy cable connection of the onshore structure.

According to a preferred embodiment of the offshore structure according to the application, the buoyant offshore structure can comprise a foundation with at least one floating body. The buoyant offshore structure can include at least one device arranged on the foundation. This device can include the at least one marine energy cable connection. Preferably, the device can be an electrical energy generating device. Exemplary and non-exhaustive devices with a marine energy cable connection are substation devices with at least one electrical transformer, wind power devices (e.g. comprising tower, nacelle, rotor, generator, etc.), photovoltaic devices (with preferably a plurality of photovoltaic modules) and hydrogen production devices, in particular a water electrolysis device.

As already described, the at least one floating foundation can comprise at least one floating body. A floating body or buoyancy body is able to float independently, in particular due to its buoyancy through displacement according to the Archimedean principle. Floating bodies can, for example, be hollow and filled with air or with a light solid. In particular, the floating foundation can essentially form the floating body.

The floating foundation can preferably be a so-called barge foundation, semi-submersible foundation, spar foundation and/or tension leg platform (TLP) foundation. It is understood that other types of floating foundations can also be provided for in other variants of the registration.

According to the application, the offshore structure includes at least one anchor connection. In particular, the foundation can include at least one anchor connection. An anchor connection is set up for (mechanically) connecting at least one anchor connection. During operation, the offshore structure is attached or anchored to the underwater floor via the at least one anchor connection.

An anchor connection according to the application is preferably an anchor rope and/or an anchor chain. An anchor rope can be made of metal, in particular steel, and/or plastic, in particular at least one fiber composite material. Preferably, two or more anchor cables can be twisted together to form an anchor connection. A sheathing can be provided to protect the at least one anchor rope.

One end of the anchor connection is connected to the anchor connection (in the installed state of the buoyant offshore structure) and the other end of the anchor connection is connected to an anchor (e.g. weight anchor, torpedo anchor, etc.). The anchor can be at least partially buried in the underwater floor. Anchor and anchor connection in particular form an anchoring arrangement. Preferably, a buoyant offshore structure can have three anchor connections, which can be attached, for example, to a corresponding number of anchor connections of the offshore structure.

According to the application, it has been recognized that the operational safety of a buoyant offshore structure to which at least one marine energy cable is connected is improved by implementing a detection arrangement for detecting an anchor connection tear indication, in particular an (actually) broken anchor connection, and a switching device connected to the detection arrangement.

The detection arrangement serves for the direct and/or indirect monitoring of the at least one anchor connection of the buoyant offshore structure, in particular of all anchor connections of the buoyant offshore structure. The detection arrangement is intended in particular for detecting a torn anchor connection or a severed anchor connection. A broken anchor connection occurs at least when the mechanical or structural connection to the anchor of the anchor arrangement is loosened.

One of the detection of an anchor connection tear indication means the detection of a specific event or a specific parameter that indicates an (actually or potentially) broken anchor connection or an anchor connection that is likely to break with a high probability (e.g. > 95%) (e.g. due to a current Load on the anchor tie that exceeds a specified maximum permissible load). A potentially torn anchor connection occurs in particular when the detection arrangement detects a parameter or an event that indicates a torn anchor connection, but can also have other causes, such as a defect in the detection arrangement (e.g. a measurement error or the like).

During or after detection of at least one anchor connection tear indication, in particular one broken anchor connection, the switching device at least electrically disconnects the connection to the marine energy cable, which is connected to the buoyant offshore structure or the electrical system of the buoyant offshore structure. In particular, the flow of electricity or the flow of energy is interrupted by the at least one marine energy cable that is connected to the buoyant offshore structure. In other words, the at least one marine energy cable is de-energized by the switching device. In particular, the switching device can separate or interrupt the flow of current or energy in all marine energy cables connected to the buoyant offshore structure. For example, the switching device can have at least one switching module for each connected marine energy cable. Electrical disconnection includes, in particular, (proper) grounding. This means there is no longer any risk of a short circuit.

In particular, the switching device is designed in the form of a protective circuit or demolition circuit. According to the application, during or after a detection means in particular that the described separation takes place at least within a certain period of time after the detection of the anchor connection tear indication. The specific time period can be at least less than 10 seconds, in particular less than 5 seconds, particularly preferably less than 1 second. In other words, the switching device can preferably be set up for electrical disconnection immediately (i.e. in particular within a period of less than 1 second) upon or after the detection of the anchor connection tear indication, in particular a torn anchor connection. This means in particular that the switching device is triggered immediately upon or after detection of the anchor connection tear indication, in particular the at least one broken anchor connection, such that the at least one marine energy cable is immediately de-energized.

According to a preferred embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the application, the detection arrangement can comprise at least one position sensor. The at least one position sensor can be set up to detect the (current) position of the buoyant offshore structure.

The detection arrangement can include at least one position evaluation module. The position evaluation module can be set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication based on the detected position and a predetermined permissible position range.

The at least one position sensor can in particular be a satellite-based position sensor. For example, a GPS sensor, Galileo sensor, etc. can be provided as a position sensor.

The at least one position sensor is set up in particular to substantially continuously record the current geographical position of the buoyant offshore structure. In other words, the buoyant offshore structure can be located in particular continuously.

The recorded position or the recorded position data, in particular in the form of geographical coordinates (e.g. GPS data), can/can be provided (continuously) to the position evaluation module. The position evaluation module is in particular set up to evaluate the detected position or the detected position data to detect an anchor connection tear indication, in particular a torn anchor connection. In particular, it has been recognized according to the application that based on the current position of the offshore structure, the state (e.g. cracked or intact) of the at least one anchor connection can be concluded (indirectly).

Preferably, a permissible (geographical) positioning range of the buoyant offshore structure is specified. In particular, the permissible position range can be determined before and/or when the buoyant offshore structure is put into operation. The permissible position range indicates in particular the maximum possible radius of movement of a buoyant offshore structure anchored to the underwater floor with at least one anchor connection and can, for example, depend on parameters such as the length (e.g. over 1000 m) of the at least one anchor connection, the number of connected anchor connections and / or depend on a provided length buffer of the at least one maritime energy cable.

For example, the radius of movement of an offshore structure that floats during operation is greater, the longer the at least one anchor connection is or the greater the water depth at the installation site of the floating offshore structure. The marine energy cable can have a length buffer or length margin that takes into account the maximum possible radius of movement. The length buffer can be achieved, for example, by an S-shaped cable run of the marine energy cable from the offshore structure to the underwater floor, the route being able to be provided with the aid of at least one buoyancy body arranged on the marine energy cable. The length buffer is chosen in particular in such a way that within the maximum movement The offshore structure moving within the operating radius ensures that the marine energy cable is not damaged.

The allowable position range may be the same as the maximum range of motion or preferably (slightly (e.g. 5%)) larger, fully including the maximum range of motion. The permissible position range ensures in particular that small position deviations due to measurement inaccuracy, but also caused by the weather conditions at the installation location, do not trigger the switching device. Only larger deviations that could endanger the marine energy cable will trigger the switching device. The permissible position range can be defined in particular by boundary position data (e.g. geographical coordinates, such as GPS coordinates). As long as the recorded position data of the buoyant offshore structure is within the permissible position range, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or has not broken. In this case, the current flow does not need to be disconnected.

However, if the recorded position data of the buoyant offshore structure is outside the permissible position range, an event or a parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection (potentially or actually) is torn or separated (or directly with one high probability (> 95%) of tearing).

The position evaluation module can in particular be set up to (continuously) compare the recorded position or the recorded position data with the permissible position range. If it is determined that the recorded position or the recorded position data of the offshore structure is/are outside the permissible position range, the switching device can be triggered (immediately) in the manner described. In particular, a broken anchor connection can be reliably detected without the need for additional sensors to monitor an anchor connection.

In variants of the registration, it can be provided that the switching device is only triggered in the manner described when the recorded position or the recorded position data of the offshore structure is for a certain (predetermined) period of time (e.g. between 0.5 s and 10 s). is/are outside the permissible position range. In the event that the detected position of the offshore structure is again within the permissible range before the specified period of time has elapsed, the switching device cannot be triggered.

According to a further embodiment of the buoyant offshore structure according to the application, the detection arrangement (alternatively or in addition to the position sensor) can comprise at least one anchor connection structure sensor. The anchor connection structure sensor can be set up to (substantially continuously) detect at least one anchor connection structure parameter of the anchor connection of the buoyant offshore structure. This means in particular that the structural integrity of the anchor connection of a buoyant offshore structure can be monitored by the anchor connection structure sensor.

The detection arrangement can (alternatively or in addition to the position evaluation module) comprise at least one anchor connection structure evaluation module. The anchor connection structure evaluation module can be set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication based on the at least one detected anchor connection structure parameter and in particular at least one predetermined permissible anchor connection structure parameter range. In particular, the anchor connection structure evaluation module can evaluate the detected anchor connection structure parameter values essentially continuously.

The permissible anchor connection structure parameter range defines in particular a parameter range in which the at least one anchor connection of the buoyant offshore structure is intact or has not torn (and in particular is not yet in imminent danger of tearing). In particular, at least one boundary connection structure parameter value can be predefined.

As long as the detected anchor connection structure parameter values of the at least one anchor connection are within the permissible anchor connection structure parameter range, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or has not torn. In this case, electrical disconnection of the current flow can in particular be omitted. However, if the detected anchor connection structure parameter values are outside the permissible anchor connection structure parameter range, an event or a parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection (potentially or actually) is torn or separated (or immediately with a high probability (> 95 %) is in danger of tearing).

The anchor connection structure evaluation module can in particular be set up to record the anchor connection structure parameter values (continuous nuously) to compare with the allowable anchor connection structure parameter range. If it is determined that the detected anchor connection structure parameter values are outside the permissible anchor connection structure parameter range, the switching device can be triggered (immediately) in the manner described.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the application, the detection arrangement, in particular as an anchor connection structure sensor, can comprise at least one electrical sensor device. The electrical sensor device can be set up to (substantially continuously) detect at least one electrical parameter of an electrical conductor that is at least partially guided along the anchor connection. The detection arrangement can comprise at least one electrical evaluation module, in particular as an anchor connection structure evaluation module. The electrical evaluation module can be set up to detect anchor connection tear indication based on the at least one detected electrical parameter and in particular at least one predetermined permissible electrical parameter range.

The electrical sensor device can be part of an electrical sensor arrangement. The sensor arrangement can further comprise an electrical (measuring) conductor with, for example, a forward line and a return line. In one embodiment, the buoyant offshore structure can comprise the at least one electrical sensor arrangement (and in particular the anchor connection monitored thereby).

A forward line of an electrical conductor can preferably run from the end of the anchor connection connected to the anchor connection to the other end of the anchor connection, which is attached to the anchor. The return line of the electrical conductor can directly connect to the outward line and run from the other end of the anchor connection to the end of the anchor connection connected to the anchor connection. The electrical sensor device can be connected to the outward line and the return line.

The electrical conductor can be arranged on the anchor connection in such a way that if the anchor connection tears, the electrical conductor is also severed (at least almost simultaneously). In the case of an anchor rope, the electrical conductor can, for example, be integrated into the anchor rope. In the case of an anchor chain, the conductor can, for example, be guided through eyelets attached to the chain links. The conductor can comprise at least one phase conductor which is surrounded by an insulation layer.

The electrical sensor device can in particular have a generator, set up to apply a specific voltage and/or a specific current to the electrical conductor (in particular the forward and return lines). Furthermore, the electrical sensor device can include at least one measuring module for detecting, in particular measuring, at least one electrical parameter (e.g. voltage, current, magnetic field, electric field, etc.), which consists of the electrical parameter applied by the generator and the state (e.g. torn or not torn) of the electrical conductor results.

As has been described, the electrical conductor is attached to the anchor connection in such a way that if the anchor connection tears, the electrical conductor also tears (at the same time). Tearing or cutting through the electrical conductor causes a detectable change in the at least one detected electrical parameter. In particular, tearing of the electrical conductor causes a change in the detected electrical parameter such that the detected electrical parameter (value) is no longer in the predetermined permissible electrical parameter range.

The permissible electrical parameter range defines in particular a parameter range of a measured electrical parameter (e.g. voltage, current, magnetic field, electric field, etc.) in which the electrical conductor and thus also the at least one anchor connection are intact or not torn. In particular, at least one electrical limit parameter value can be predefined.

As long as the detected electrical parameter values of the at least one detected electrical parameter are within the permissible parameter range, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or not torn. There is no electrical disconnection of the current flow. However, if the at least one detected electrical parameter value is outside the permissible parameter range, an event or a parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) torn or separated (or immediately with a high probability (> 95%) is at risk of tearing).

The electrical evaluation module can in particular be set up to (continuously) compare the recorded electrical parameter values with the permissible parameter range. If it is found that the captured parameter values are outside is/are within the permissible position range, the switching device can be triggered (immediately) in the manner described. Reliable detection, in particular of an anchor connection that has actually broken, can be provided.

Alternatively or additionally, in one embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the application, the detection arrangement can comprise at least one optical sensor device. The optical sensor device can be set up to detect at least one optical parameter of an optical conductor that is at least partially guided along the anchor connection. The detection arrangement can include at least one optical evaluation module. The optical evaluation module can be set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication based on the at least one detected optical parameter and in particular at least one predetermined permissible optical parameter range.

Preferably, an optical sensor arrangement can comprise the optical sensor device and additionally the at least one optical conductor. The buoyant offshore structure can include the optical sensor arrangement (and in particular the anchor connection monitored thereby).

The optical conductor is in particular an optical waveguide, which can preferably be designed as a linear condition sensor. The optical conductor can have at least one optical fiber, which can be surrounded by a protective layer. The optical conductor is in particular set up to enable detection of at least one optical parameter, which is at least an indication of the mechanical or structural condition of the anchor connection.

For example, vibrations (or sound emissions) of the anchor connection can be detected. These can then be evaluated in order to draw conclusions about the mechanical or structural condition of the anchor connection of the buoyant offshore structure. In particular, the optical conductor connected to the optical sensor device can detect a (potential or actual) tearing of the anchor connection or at least a mechanical load at which there is a high probability (>95%) of a risk of tearing.

The optical conductor is in particular integrated in the anchor connection, i.e., for example, at least surrounded or enclosed by the (outer) sheathing of an anchor cable (in the radial direction). Alternatively or additionally, the optical conductor can be guided along the anchor connection by guide means (for example eyelets).

The optical conductor can preferably extend along essentially the entire anchor connection (seen in the longitudinal direction of the anchor connection). In other words, the at least one optical conductor can preferably extend substantially from a first end of the anchor connection, which is attached to the anchor connection, to the other end of the anchor connection, the other end being connected to an anchor (e.g. a foundation). is or can have this. This allows the entire anchor connection to be monitored.

The optical sensor device can preferably be operated on the basis of optical time domain reflectometry, also known as optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR).

Preferably, the optical sensor device can comprise at least one measurement signal generator. The measurement signal generator can be set up to couple an optical measurement signal into the at least one optical conductor of the anchor connection to be monitored. The sensor device can comprise an optical measurement module, set up to receive and in particular evaluate the sensor signal generated in the optical conductor in response to the optical measurement signal. In particular, the sensor signal can be based on the measurement signal and the state of the optical conductor and thus the state of the anchor connection (e.g. torn or not torn). A broken anchor connection can then be detected by evaluating the sensor signal.

As has already been described, the optical sensor device can be operated in particular using the OTDR method. For example, the measurement signal generator can couple at least one light pulse, in particular a laser pulse, (with a duration between, for example, 3 ns to 20 µs) into the optical conductor in the form of an optical waveguide as a measurement signal. The backscattered light can be measured over time as a sensor signal, in particular by the measuring module. The (continuously) detected optical parameter can in particular be the sensor signal, for example in the form of a detected reflection parameter, such as a backscattered light parameter or a parameter determined therefrom.

As has been described, the optical conductor is preferably attached to the anchor connection in such a way that if the anchor connection tears, the optical conductor also tears (at least almost simultaneously). A tearing or severing of the Optical conductor causes a detectable change in the at least one optical parameter. In particular, tearing of the optical conductor causes a change in the detected optical parameter such that the detected optical parameter (value) is no longer in the predetermined permissible optical parameter range.

The permissible optical parameter range defines in particular an optical parameter range in which the optical conductor and thus the at least one anchor connection are intact or not torn. In particular, at least one optical limit parameter value can be predefined.

As long as the detected optical parameter values of the at least one detected optical parameter are within the permissible parameter range, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or has not torn. The switching device cannot be triggered. However, if the at least one detected optical parameter value is outside the permissible parameter range, an event or a parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) torn or separated (or immediately with a high probability (> 95%) threatens to tear). A safe and particularly precise detection of a particularly cracked anchor connection can be provided.

The optical evaluation module can in particular be set up to (continuously) compare the recorded optical parameter values with the permissible parameter range. If it is determined that the recorded parameter values are/are outside the permissible position range, the switching device can be triggered (immediately) in the manner described. Reliable and particularly accurate detection of a particularly broken anchor connection can be provided.

Alternatively or additionally, in one embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the application, the detection arrangement can comprise at least one mechanical sensor. The mechanical sensor can be set up to detect at least one mechanical parameter of a measuring cable that is at least partially guided along the anchor connection. The detection arrangement can include at least one mechanical evaluation module. The mechanical evaluation module can be set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication based on the at least one recorded mechanical parameter and in particular at least one predetermined permissible mechanical parameter range.

Preferably, a mechanical measuring arrangement can comprise a mechanical sensor and the at least one measuring cable. The measuring cable can, for example, be guided past the anchor connection from one end of the anchor connection to the other end of the anchor connection and in particular parallel.

The measuring cable can be attached to the anchor connection in such a way that if the anchor connection breaks, the measuring cable also tears. Before it tears or is severed, the measuring cable tension detectable by the mechanical sensor and/or the movement distance of the measuring cable detectable by the mechanical sensor can change, in particular due to the broken anchor connection. This can be detected by the mechanical sensor and evaluated by the mechanical evaluation module. In particular, a tearing of the anchor connection causes a detectable change in the detected mechanical parameter such that the detected mechanical parameter (value) is no longer in the predetermined permissible optical parameter range.

The permissible mechanical parameter range defines in particular a parameter range (e.g. a maximum permissible voltage range, a maximum permissible movement distance, etc.) in which the at least one anchor connection is intact or has not torn. In particular, at least one optical limit parameter value (e.g. voltage limit, movement distance limit) can be predefined.

As long as the recorded mechanical parameter values of the at least one recorded mechanical parameter are within the permissible parameter range, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or not torn. However, if the at least one recorded mechanical parameter value is outside the permissible parameter range, an event or a parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) torn or separated (or immediately with a high probability (> 95%) is in danger of tearing).

The mechanical evaluation module can in particular be set up to (continuously) compare the recorded mechanical parameter values with the permissible parameter range. If it is determined that the recorded parameter values are/are outside the permissible position range, the switching device can be triggered (immediately) in the manner described. Reliable detection, in particular of a torn anchor connection, can be provided using simple means.

As has already been described, the detection arrangement and the switching device can be coupled or connected to one another in order in particular to be able to trigger a switching process and thus at least an electrical disconnection (immediately) upon detection of a torn armature connection. According to a further preferred embodiment of the buoyant offshore structure according to the application, the buoyant offshore structure can comprise at least one interface arranged between the detection arrangement (in particular the at least one evaluation module) and the switching device. The at least one interface can be an analog interface and/or a digital interface and/or a mechanical interface. Preferably, two different interfaces can be provided, such as an analog and a digital interface or a digital and a mechanical interface. This can ensure that the switching process described can be triggered even if the interface is defective. Preferably immediately upon detection of a broken anchor cable, the detection arrangement can control the switching device via the at least one interface, such that the electrical connection to the marine energy cable is electrically interrupted.

In a further embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the application, a further mechanical sensor can also be arranged (directly) on the anchor connection, in particular integrated. The further mechanical sensor can be set up to detect at least one further mechanical parameter of the anchor connection, such as a load exerted on the anchor connection (e.g. a retaining bolt of the anchor connection) by the anchor connection. Furthermore, the buoyant offshore structure can include at least one further mechanical evaluation module. The further mechanical evaluation module can be set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication of the buoyant offshore structure, based on the at least one further recorded mechanical parameter and in particular at least one further predetermined permissible mechanical parameter range. The detection of the anchor connection tear indication, based on the at least one further detected mechanical parameter and in particular at least one further predetermined permissible mechanical parameter range, is carried out in particular in an analogous manner to the previously described detection of the broken anchor connection of the buoyant offshore structure, based on the at least one detected mechanical Parameters and in particular at least one predetermined permissible mechanical parameter range, so that reference is made to the corresponding statements to avoid repetition.

According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the application, the switching device, in particular as a switching module, can comprise at least one switch-disconnector. The at least one load disconnector is designed in particular for switching (electrical) loads. A switch disconnector can include at least one arc extinguishing module. In particular, arc extinguishing modules can be arranged on the switching contacts of the switch disconnector. Preferably, the switching device can comprise at least one load disconnector for each connected marine energy cable.

Preferably, the switching device, in particular the at least one load disconnector, can be arranged on or in the marine energy cable connection. In a safe and simple manner, an electrical connection to a connected marine energy cable can be interrupted and the marine energy cable in particular can be de-energized.

In addition, according to a further embodiment of the buoyant offshore structure, the switching device can be set up to mechanically disconnect the marine energy cable. An uncontrolled tearing of the tension-free marine energy cable can be prevented. This can make it easier to repair the damage and further improve safety.

According to a further embodiment of the buoyant offshore structure according to the application, the buoyant offshore structure can comprise at least one communication device. The at least one communication device can in particular be coupled to the detection arrangement or integrated into it.

The communication device can at least be set up to send at least one alarm message to at least one further structure connected to the buoyant offshore structure via the marine energy cable (in which electrical disconnection is carried out and in particular tearing is expected) upon detection of an anchor connection tear indication, in particular a torn one Anchor connection of the floating offshore structure. The alarm message can at least contain instructions for electrically disconnecting the marine energy cable at the other structure.

The other structure can be a (buoyant) offshore structure or an onshore structure.

The communication device can include, for example, a radio module. Preferably, the communication device can be coupled to an (optical) communication conductor of the at least one marine energy cable for transmitting the alarm message via the (optical) communication conductor. The further structure can include a further switching device. The further switching device can be set up to at least electrically disconnect the electrical connection to the marine energy cable connected to a further marine energy cable connection of the further structure (immediately) upon receipt of the alarm message.

According to a further embodiment of the floating offshore structure according to the application, the switching device comprises a receiving module connected to an (optical) communication conductor of the at least one marine energy cable. The switching device, in particular the at least one switching module, can be set up to at least electrically disconnect the electrical connection to the marine energy cable (as already described), in particular immediately upon receipt of an alarm message, in particular from a (previously described) communication device of a further buoyant offshore structure .

According to a further embodiment of the buoyant offshore structure according to the application, the buoyant offshore structure can comprise at least one activation arrangement, set up to activate at least one consumer and/or at least one energy source, upon or after detection of an anchor connection tear indication. The activation can take place immediately (in particular analogous to activating the switching device). In particular, the at least one consumer and/or the at least one energy source can be part of a security system of the offshore structure. For example, the at least one consumer can be an actuator for closing a door (e.g. for safety reasons, doors or gates can be closed automatically upon detection) and/or an actuator for interrupting a fluid flow (e.g. hydrogen flow or a gas produced from hydrogen; for safety reasons can an actuator, in particular to automatically close valves or the like in a piping system) and/or a light source (e.g. emergency lighting). The at least one energy source can be, for example, a rechargeable battery and/or a fuel-driven generator (e.g. diesel generator), e.g. set up to supply an aforementioned (electrical) consumer.

In particular, a security system of the offshore structure (or a neighboring structure) and/or a fire protection system can be activated automatically upon appropriate detection.

According to a further embodiment of the buoyant offshore structure according to the application, the buoyant offshore structure can comprise at least one deactivation arrangement, set up to activate at least one consumer (of the offshore structure and/or an adjacent structure) and/or at least one energy source (of the offshore structure). Building and/or an adjacent building) during or after detection of an anchor connection tear indication. Deactivation can take place immediately (in particular analogous to activating the switching device). In this case, down or down times or ramps may need to be taken into account). In particular, the at least one consumer can be part of an electrolysis system, such as the electrolyzer, a compressor, a processing system, a pump and/or the like. In particular, the chemical process can be stopped automatically (as quickly as possible) upon appropriate detection. Furthermore, for example, the at least one energy source can be a wind power generator and/or a photovoltaic system.

Another aspect of the application is a (floatable) (offshore) energy generation system. The power generation system includes at least one floating offshore structure described above. The power generation system includes at least one marine power cable (previously described). The energy generation system includes at least one further structure (previously described) electrically connected to the buoyant offshore structure via the marine energy cable.

The energy generation system can preferably be a buoyant or floating offshore wind energy system in the installed state or an offshore wind farm that is buoyant or floating in the installed state. The energy generation system can also be a buoyant or floating offshore photovoltaic system or offshore hydrogen production system. It goes without saying that the systems mentioned can be combined with one another. For example, an offshore wind energy system may include at least one photovoltaic device and/or at least one hydrogen production device.

• - Detektieren, durch mindestens eine Detektionsanordnung (eines Offshore-Bauwerks), einer Ankerverbindungsreißindikation (insbesondere einer gerissenen Ankerverbindung eines schwimmfähigen Offshore-Bauwerks), und
• - elektrisches Trennen, durch mindestens eine Schalteinrichtung (des Offshore-Bauwerks), der elektrischen Verbindung zu dem an einem Seeenergiekabelanschluss des Offshore-Bauwerks angeschlossenen Seeenergiekabels bei oder nach einer Detektion einer Ankerverbindungsreißindikation.

Yet another aspect of registration is a process. The procedure includes:

• - Detecting, by at least one detection arrangement (of an offshore structure), an anchor connection tear indication (in particular a torn anchor connection of a buoyant offshore structure), and
• - electrical disconnection, by at least one switching device (of the offshore structure), of the electrical connection to the marine energy cable connected to a marine energy cable connection of the offshore structure upon or after detection of an anchor connection tear indication.

A yet further aspect of the application is a use of a detection arrangement, set up to detect an anchor connection rupture indication, and at least one switching device, set up for at least electrically disconnecting the electrical connection to the sea energy cable connected to a marine energy cable connection of a buoyant offshore structure upon or after detection of an anchor connection rupture indication , in the floating offshore structure.

The features of the floating offshore structures, energy generation systems, processes and uses can be freely combined with one another. In particular, features of the description and/or the dependent claims, even if features of the independent claims are completely or partially circumvented, can be independently inventive on their own or freely combined with one another.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines schwimmfähigen Offshore-Bauwerks gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung,
• 2 eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines schwimmfähigen Offshore-Bauwerks gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung,
• 3 eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines schwimmfähigen Offshore-Bauwerks gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung,
• 4 eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines schwimmfähigen Offshore-Bauwerks gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung,
• 5 eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines schwimmfähigen Offshore-Bauwerks gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung,
• 6 eine schematische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines schwimmfähigen Energieerzeugungssystems gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung, und
• 7 ein Diagramm eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verfahrens gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung.

There are now a variety of options for designing and further developing the buoyant offshore structure according to the application, the energy generation system according to the application, the method according to the application and the use of an anchor cable system according to the application. On the one hand, reference is made to the patent claims subordinate to the independent patent claims, and on the other hand to the description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. In the drawing shows:

• 1 a schematic view of an embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure according to the present application,
• 2 a schematic view of a further embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure according to the present application,
• 3 a schematic view of a further embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure according to the present application,
• 4 a schematic view of a further embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure according to the present application,
• 5 a schematic view of a further embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure according to the present application,
• 6 a schematic view of an embodiment of a buoyant power generation system according to the present application, and
• 7 a diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the present application.

In the figures, similar reference numbers are used for similar elements. In addition, z denotes the vertical direction and x denotes a horizontal direction.

The 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure 100 or a buoyant offshore structure 100 according to the present application.

The buoyant offshore structure 100 shown in the installed state is, by way of example, a buoyant or floating offshore wind turbine 100 in this exemplary embodiment (and the other following exemplary embodiments).

However, the following statements can be applied to other buoyant offshore structures, such as an offshore transformer device, an offshore photovoltaic device, an offshore hydrogen production device, etc.

A buoyant offshore structure 100 according to the application is characterized in particular by the fact that the buoyant offshore structure 100 has at least one marine energy cable connection 106 and at least one anchor connection 114. The at least one marine energy cable connection 106 is set up for connecting a marine energy cable 116. In particular, at least one marine energy cable 116 is connected to the at least one marine energy cable connection 106 of the offshore structure 100 during operation, i.e. in particular in an installed state, of the offshore structure 100.

Not shown is the internal electrical connection of the marine energy cable 116, for example to a generator, converter, etc. of the offshore structure 100 (or PV system, hydrogen production system, etc.) and/or the further marine energy cable 116.

A marine energy cable 116 is preferably a medium-voltage submarine cable (in particular between 3 kV to 30 kV) or a high-voltage submarine cable (60 kV to 110 kV). The power capacity of a marine energy cable 116 according to the application is preferably between 3 MW and 2.5 GW.

A marine energy cable 116 may, for example, include three phase conductors for transmitting electrical energy. Furthermore, at least one optical fiber can be integrated as an (optical) communication conductor in the marine energy cable 116. It is understood that a marine energy cable 116 has further cable elements, such as at least one insulation layer, at least one shielding layer, at least one reinforcement layer, an outer jacket, filling material and/or the like.

In the present case, the offshore structure 100 comprises a buoyant foundation 104 with at least one (indicated) floating body 132. A device 102 is arranged on the foundation 104, which can in particular have the at least one marine energy cable connection 106. In other variants of the registration, a marine energy cable connection can also be arranged in or on the foundation 104.

The device 102 is in particular an electrical energy generating device 102. As has already been described, the energy generating device 102 in the present case is, for example, a wind turbine 102, set up to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. The electrical energy generated is fed into a marine energy cable 116 in particular via the marine energy cable connection 106.

As can be seen, the offshore wind turbine 100 in the present case has, for example, two marine energy cable connections 106, to each of which a marine energy cable 116 is connected. A sea energy cable 116 runs from a sea energy cable connection 106, preferably in an S-shape, to the surface 128 of the underwater floor 126. For this purpose, at least one buoyancy body 118 can be provided and in particular attached to the sea energy cable 116. This allows a length buffer to be provided.

As further in the 1 indicated, the at least one marine energy cable 116 is laid in the underwater floor 126 with a certain depth range and runs in particular to a further structure (not shown here) of the energy generation system, such as a further buoyant or non-buoyant offshore structure or an onshore structure.

In addition, the buoyant offshore structure 100 has at least one anchor connection 114. In the present case, three anchor connections 114 are provided as an example. In the present case, an anchor connection 122 is attached to each anchor connection 114. The anchor connection 122 is in particular a part of an anchoring arrangement 120. The offshore structure 100 can include the at least one anchoring arrangement 120.

An anchoring arrangement 120 in particular includes at least one anchor connection 122 and an anchor 124. In the illustrated installation and operating state of the buoyant offshore structure 100, the anchor 124 is at least partially anchored in the underwater floor 126. A first end of the anchor connection 122 is attached to the anchor connection 114 and the other end of the anchor connection 122 is attached to the anchor 124.

According to the application, the buoyant offshore structure 100 comprises a detection arrangement 108 and a switching device 112 as a safety system. The switching device 112 in particular comprises at least one switching module 110, preferably in the form of a load disconnector 110. Preferably, at least one switching module 110 can be provided for each connected marine energy cable 116, for example one load disconnector 110 for each phase conductor of each marine energy cable 116. In particular, the at least one switching module 110 can be arranged immediately adjacent to the at least one marine energy cable connection 106 or can be integrated in the marine energy cable connection 106.

The switching device 112 is connected to the detection arrangement 108 via at least one interface 134 (e.g. a digital interface, analog interface and/or mechanical interface).

The detection arrangement 108 is set up to detect an anchor connection tear indication, in particular a torn anchor connection 122, and thus serves in particular for the direct and/or indirect monitoring of the at least one anchor connection 122 of the buoyant offshore structure 100, in particular of all anchor connections 122 of the buoyant offshore structure 100 A broken anchor connection occurs at least when the connection to the anchor 124 of the anchor arrangement 120 is loosened.

When an anchor connection tear indication is detected, the switching device 112 at least electrically disconnects (or switches off) the electrical connection to the marine energy cable 116 or interrupts the flow of energy through or to the marine energy cable 116. Preferably, a corresponding electrical disconnection occurs at all Sea energy cables 116, which are connected to the buoyant offshore structure 100. In other words, the at least one marine energy cable 116 is switched off, preferably by triggering the at least one load disconnector 110.

In particular, the at least electrical disconnection occurs immediately or directly upon or after detection of a torn anchor connection 122. This means that the switching device 112 is triggered immediately (e.g. <1 sec) upon or after detection of the anchor connection tear indication, such that at least a marine energy cable 116 is immediately de-energized. In variants of the registration, the switching device 112 can also be triggered within a longer period of time (e.g. less than 10 seconds, preferably less than 5 seconds) upon or after detection of the anchor connection tear indication, such that the at least one marine energy cable 116 is de-energized.

In this case, reference number 130 denotes the water surface.

The 2 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure 200 according to the present application. To avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the exemplary embodiment already presented are described below. Otherwise, refer to the comments 1 referred. In particular, it is noted that in order to provide a better overview, certain details of the buoyant offshore structure 200, such as sea energy cable connection, anchor connection, etc., have not been shown.

The detection arrangement 208 of the buoyant offshore structure 200 in the present case comprises at least one position sensor 240, at least one position evaluation module 242 and at least one memory module 244. The at least one position sensor 240 is in particular set up to detect (in particular measuring) the (current) geographical position of the buoyant offshore structure. Building 200. The at least one position sensor 240 is in the present case a satellite-based position sensor 240 (e.g. GPS sensor, Galileo sensor, etc.). Satellites 248 can continuously emit coded signals. The position sensor 240 can in particular calculate the current position of the buoyant offshore structure 200 from the information contained in the signals.

The at least one position sensor 240 is in particular set up for the essentially continuous detection or calculation of the current position of the buoyant offshore structure 200.

The position evaluation module 242 shown is set up to evaluate the detected position, in particular to detect the presence of an anchor connection tear indication. In particular, the detection of an anchor connection tear indication is based on the detected geographical position and a predetermined permissible geographical position range of the buoyant offshore structure 200. This position range or the corresponding position data can in particular be stored in the storage module 244. The position evaluation module 242 can access the memory module 244.

The geographically permissible position range is in particular the maximum possible range of motion in which the buoyant offshore structure 200 can move to the maximum in the installed state of the buoyant offshore structure 200 without an anchor connection being torn. This area is in the 2 indicated by the dashed line 246. If, in particular, an anchor connection breaks, for example from a plurality of anchor connections, then the maximum possible range of movement of the buoyant offshore structure 200 increases, so that the buoyant offshore structure 200 can be outside the area 246 in the event of a torn anchor connection. An anchor connection tear indication, in particular a torn anchor connection, can therefore be reliably detected via position monitoring, as will be described in more detail.

In particular, the permissible position range can be determined before the buoyant offshore structure 200 is put into operation. The permissible position range can depend in particular on parameters such as the length of the at least one anchor connection, the number of connected anchor connections, an intended length buffer of the at least one marine energy cable and/or the like. For example, the maximum radius of movement of a buoyant offshore structure 200 is greater, the longer the anchor connections are or the greater the water depth at the installation site of the offshore structure.

The marine energy cable can have a corresponding length buffer, for example an S-shaped course, as shown in the 1 is shown. When the offshore structure 200 moves within the maximum radius of movement or permissible position range, it is ensured that the marine energy cable is not damaged.

The recorded geographical position or the recorded position data, in particular in the form of geographical coordinates (e.g. GPS data), are in the present case (continuously) provided to the position evaluation module 242. The position evaluation module 242 can compare the provided position data (continuously) with the permissible position range, which can also be defined by position data.

If the recorded position data lies within the permissible position range or meets the permissible position range (i.e. the buoyant offshore structure 200 is positioned within the area 246), it can be determined that the at least one anchor connection is intact or has not broken. The switching device 212 does not trigger.

However, if the position data of the offshore structure 200 is outside the permissible position range or does not meet it (in this case the buoyant offshore structure 200 is outside the range 246, for example at position X), an event or a parameter can be detected which indicates that the at least one anchor connection is (potentially or actually) broken or separated (or is in immediate danger of breaking).

As described, the position evaluation module 242 is in particular set up to continuously compare the detected position or the detected position data with the permissible position range. If it is determined that the detected position or the detected position data of the buoyant offshore structure 200 is/are outside the permissible position range, the switching device 212 can preferably be triggered or controlled immediately in the manner described.

The 3 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure 300 according to the present application. To avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the exemplary embodiments already presented will be described below. Otherwise, refer to the comments 1 and/or 2 referenced.

In particular, it is noted that in order to provide a better overview, certain details, such as marine energy cable connection, marine energy cable, etc., have been omitted. For a better overview, only one anchoring arrangement 320 was shown as an example. It is understood that two or more anchoring arrangements may be provided.

The buoyant offshore structure 300 comprises a detection arrangement 308. The detection arrangement 308 in the present case comprises an electrical sensor device 351 and an electrical evaluation module 354. The electrical sensor device 351 in particular comprises a generator 350 and a measuring module 352.

In the present case, an anchor chain 322 is provided as an example of an anchor connection 322. In variants of the registration, an anchor rope can also be provided as an anchor connection.

In addition, in the present exemplary embodiment, an electrical sensor arrangement 348 is provided, which can be formed by the electrical sensor device 351 and at least one electrical (measuring) conductor 356. The buoyant offshore structure 300 may include the at least one electrical sensor arrangement 348 and/or the at least one anchoring arrangement 320.

The electrical sensor arrangement 348 includes at least one electrical conductor 356. The electrical conductor 356 can be guided at least partially along the anchor connection 322. Like from the 3 As can be seen, in this case the electrical conductor 356 is guided past the entire length of the anchor connection 322, i.e. from the first end of the anchor connection 322 connected to the anchor connection 314 to the other end of the anchor connection 322, which is connected to the anchor 324. For this purpose, in particular, a plurality of eyelets 358 can be arranged on the anchor chain 322. The electrical conductor 356 can be guided through the eyelets 356, wherein a first end of the electrical conductor 356 can be connected to the detection arrangement 308 and the other end of the electrical conductor can be connected, for example, to the anchor 324. In particular, the other end of the electrical conductor 356 can be connected in protrude into the armature 324, such that if the electrical conductor 356 is torn from the armature, part of the electrical conductor 356 always remains in the armature 324.

The electrical conductor 356 may have insulation in the form of a protective layer and in particular a forward line and a return line that are electrically insulated from each other. The first ending the outward line can be connected to the generator 350, the other end in the area of the other or lower end of the electrical conductor 356 can be connected to the other end of the return line and the first end of the return line can be connected to the generator 350, so that in particular a closed circuit is formed. Further, the measurement module 352 may be coupled to the first ends of the forward line and the return line to measure an applied electrical parameter.

The generator 350 is in particular designed to apply a specific voltage and/or a specific current to the electrical conductor 356. For example, a certain voltage can be applied to the forward line and the return line. The measuring module 352 is in particular set up for detecting, in particular measuring, at least one electrical parameter present on the electrical conductor 356 (e.g. voltage, current, magnetic field, electric field, etc.). For example, the measurement module 352 can measure the current.

If the anchor connection 322 breaks, then the electrical conductor 356 in particular also breaks. The tearing of the electrical conductor 356 leads in particular to a measurable change in the electrical parameter applied to the electrical conductor 356. In particular, a permissible electrical parameter range can be specified. This can depend in particular on the (predetermined) applied electrical parameter, the resistance of the electrical conductor 356 and/or the length of the electrical conductor 356.

The permissible electrical parameter range defines in particular a parameter range in which the at least one anchor connection 322 is intact or is considered not torn. In particular, at least one electrical limit parameter value can be predefined.

As long as the detected electrical parameter values of the at least one detected electrical parameter are within the permissible parameter range, i.e., for example, do not exceed (or fall below) the limit parameter value, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection 322 is intact. However, if the at least one detected electrical parameter value is outside the permissible parameter range, for example if the detected electrical parameter value exceeds (or falls below) the limit parameter value, an event or a parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection 322 ( potentially or actually) is torn or separated (or is in immediate danger of tearing with a high probability). Then the switching device 312 can be triggered in the manner described above.

The 4 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure 400 according to the present application. To avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the exemplary embodiments already presented will be described below. Otherwise, refer to the comments 1 , 2 and/or 3 referenced. In particular, it is noted that in order to provide a better overview, certain details, such as marine energy cable connection, marine energy cable, etc., have been omitted. Also, only one anchoring arrangement 420 was shown as an example for a better overview. It is understood that two or more anchoring arrangements may be provided.

In particular, in the exemplary embodiment shown, an optical sensor device 461 is provided as the anchor connection structure sensor instead of an electrical sensor device, as in 3 .

In the present case, the optical sensor device 461 comprises a measurement signal generator 464 and a measurement module 466. In addition to the optical sensor device 461, the detection arrangement 408 includes an optical evaluation module 468.

Furthermore, in the present case the at least one anchor connection 422 is formed as an anchor cable 422. An optical conductor 462 in the form of an optical waveguide 462 is presently integrated into the anchor cable 422. As can be seen, in the preferred embodiment shown, the optical waveguide 462 runs from the first end of the anchor cable 422 attached to the anchor connection 414 to the other end of the anchor cable 422 attached to the anchor 424. In particular, the first end of the optical waveguide can be connected to the sensor device 461 be coupled. Sensor device 461 and optical waveguide 462 can form an optical sensor arrangement. The other end of the optical fiber 462 can be attached to the anchor 424. In particular, the other end of the optical conductor 462 can protrude into the anchor 424, such that if the optical conductor 462 is torn from the anchor 424, a part of the optical conductor 462 always remains in the anchor 424.

In the present case, the measurement signal generator 464 is set up to couple an optical measurement signal into the at least one optical conductor 462 of the anchor connection 422 to be monitored. The optical measurement module 466 is presently included aimed at receiving and in particular evaluating the sensor signal generated in response to the optical measurement signal in the optical conductor 462. In particular, the evaluation can be based on the measurement signal and the sensor signal that caused the measurement signal to determine whether an anchor connection 422 has broken or not.

The optical evaluation module 468 shown is set up to detect the torn anchor connection 422, based on the at least one detected optical parameter and at least one predetermined permissible optical parameter range.

In the present case, the optical sensor device 461 is operated in particular using the OTDR method. For example, the measurement signal generator 464 can couple at least one light pulse, in particular a laser pulse, (with a duration between, for example, 3 ns to 20 μs) into the optical conductor 462 as a measurement signal. The backscattered light can be measured over time as a sensor signal, in particular by the measuring module 466. The time dependence of the sensor signal can, for example, be converted into a location dependence, so that a spatially resolved determination of the mechanical structural state of the anchor connection 422 (for example based on the vibration data, sound data, etc. obtained from the measurement signals) can be carried out. The (continuously) detected optical parameter is in particular the sensor signal and can, for example, be a detected reflection parameter, such as a backscattered light parameter or a parameter determined therefrom.

The optical conductor 462 is attached to the anchor connection 422, in this case in particular integrated, in such a way that if the anchor connection 422 tears, the optical conductor 462 also tears (at the same time). Tearing or severing the optical conductor 462 causes a detectable change in the at least one recorded optical parameter. In particular, tearing of the optical conductor 462 causes a change in the detected optical parameter such that the detected optical parameter (value) is no longer in the predetermined permissible optical parameter range.

The permissible optical parameter range defines in particular a parameter range in which the at least one anchor connection 422 is intact or not torn. In particular, at least one optical limit parameter value can be predefined.

As long as the detected optical parameter values of the at least one detected optical parameter are within the permissible parameter range, i.e. in particular do not exceed (or fall below) the optical limit parameter value, it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection is intact or has not torn. However, if the at least one recorded optical parameter value is outside the permissible parameter range, it can be assumed or an event can be detected if, for example, the optical limit parameter value is exceeded (or fallen below) that the at least one anchor connection 422 is (potentially or actually) torn or separated (or imminently in danger of breaking). The switching device 412 can then be triggered in the manner described above.

The 5 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a buoyant offshore structure 500 according to the present application. To avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the exemplary embodiments already presented will be described below. Otherwise, refer to the comments 1 , 2 , 3 and/or 4 referenced. In particular, it is noted that in order to provide a better overview, certain details, such as marine energy cable connection, marine energy cable, etc., have been omitted. For a better overview, only one anchoring arrangement 520 was shown as an example. It is understood that two or more anchoring arrangements may be provided.

In particular, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the armature connection structure sensor is a mechanical sensor device 575 instead of an electrical sensor device, as in 3 , or an optical sensor device, as in 4 . In variants of the registration, a plurality of different sensor devices can be provided.

In the present case, the anchor connection 522 is, for example, a combination of an anchor chain 522.1 and an anchor rope 522.2. According to the preferred exemplary embodiment shown, a measuring cable 572 is guided along the entire length of the anchor connection 522, for example using eyelets as guide elements. The first end may be coupled to the mechanical sensor device 575. Sensor device 575 and measuring cable 572 can form a mechanical sensor arrangement. The other end of the measuring cable 572 can be attached to the anchor 524.

In the present case, the mechanical sensor device 575 is formed in particular by a mechanical sensor 576, which is coupled to the measuring cable 572. The mechanical sensor 576 is in particular set up to detect at least one mechanical parameter of the measuring cable 572.

In the present case, the detection arrangement 508 further comprises at least one mechanical evaluation module 574. The mechanical evaluation module 574 can be set up to detect the torn anchor connection 522, based on the at least one detected mechanical parameter and at least one predetermined permissible mechanical parameter range.

The measuring cable 572 can be attached to the anchor connection 522 in such a way that if the anchor connection 522 breaks, the measuring cable 572 also tears. Before the measuring cable 572 breaks or is severed, the measuring cable tension detectable by the mechanical sensor 576 and/or the movement distance of the measuring cable 572 detectable by the mechanical sensor 576 can change, in particular due to the torn anchor connection 522. This can be detected by the mechanical sensor 576 and evaluated by the mechanical evaluation module 574. In particular, a tearing of the anchor connection 522 causes a change in the detected mechanical parameter such that the detected mechanical parameter (value) is no longer in the predetermined permissible optical parameter range.

The permissible mechanical parameter range defines in particular a parameter range (e.g. a maximum permissible voltage range, a maximum permissible movement distance, etc.) in which the at least one anchor connection 522 is intact or has not torn. In particular, at least one mechanical limit parameter value (e.g. voltage limit, movement distance limit) can be predefined.

As long as the detected mechanical parameter values of the at least one detected mechanical parameter are within the permissible parameter range, i.e. in particular the limit parameter value is not exceeded (or fallen below), it can be assumed that the at least one anchor connection 522 is intact or has not torn. However, if the at least one recorded mechanical parameter value is outside the permissible parameter range, for example if the limit parameter value is exceeded (or fallen below), an event or a parameter can be detected that indicates that the at least one anchor connection 522 (potentially or actually ) is torn or separated (or is in imminent danger of tearing). The switching device 512 can then preferably be triggered immediately, as described above.

The exemplary embodiments described 2 until 5 can be combined with each other. For example, the exemplary embodiment of 2 with an embodiment of the 3 until 5 be combined. In this way, for example, even in the case of a faulty position sensor or a faulty anchor connection structure sensor, an anchor connection tear indication, in particular a torn anchor connection, can be reliably detected. Also, in variants of the application, a further mechanical sensor (not shown) can be arranged (directly) on the anchor connection, in particular integrated, set up to detect at least one further mechanical parameter of the anchor connection, such as one on the anchor connection (e.g. a retaining bolt of the anchor connection ) load exerted by the anchor connection. A further mechanical evaluation module can be set up to detect anchor connection tear indication, based on the at least one further recorded mechanical parameter and in particular at least one further predetermined permissible mechanical parameter range.

The 6 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a buoyant power generation system 684 according to the present application.

To avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the exemplary embodiments already described will be described below. Otherwise, refer to the comments 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and/or 5 referenced. In particular, it should be noted that certain details have been omitted in order to provide a better overview. In particular, the detection of an anchor connection crack can be carried out in accordance with the statements on 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and/or 5.

The energy generation system 684 includes at least one buoyant offshore structure 600.1 with a switching device 612 according to the application and a detection arrangement 608 according to the application (cf. in particular 1 until 5 ).

Furthermore, the energy generation system 684 includes at least one previously described marine energy cable 616 and at least one further structure 600.2 electrically connected to the buoyant offshore structure 600.1 via the marine energy cable 616. In the present case, the further structure 600.2 is formed, for example, as a further buoyant offshore structure 600.2, which is formed essentially identically to the first buoyant offshore structure 600.1.

The switching device 612 of a buoyant offshore structure 600.1, 600.2 comprises, in addition to the at least one switching module 610 in the present case in particular a reception module 680. In the present case, the reception module 680 is in particular connected to the (optical) communication conductor of the at least one connected marine energy cable 616, preferably to all marine energy cables 616 connected to the respective buoyant offshore structure 600.1, 600.2. In other variants of the registration, alternatively or In addition, a wirelessly operable receiving module (e.g. a radio module) may be provided.

In addition, in the present exemplary embodiment, a buoyant offshore structure 600.1, 600.2 includes a communication device 682. The communication device 682 can preferably be coupled to the detection arrangement 608. Preferably, in addition, the communication device 682 can be connected to the (optical) communication conductor of the at least one connected marine energy cable 616, preferably to all marine energy cables 616 connected to the buoyant offshore structure 600.1, 600.2. In other variants of the registration, a wirelessly operable communication device can alternatively or additionally (e.g. radio module).

In variants of the registration, the receiving module can be integrated in the communication device.

An example of how it works will be explained in more detail below using the 7 described. The 7 shows a diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the present application.

In principle, the state of the at least one anchor connection can be continuously monitored by the detection arrangement according to the application. In particular, it can be continuously checked whether the at least one recorded parameter (e.g. geographical position, electrical parameter, optical parameter and/or mechanical parameter) satisfies the at least one permissible parameter range (e.g. position range, electrical parameter range, optical parameter range and/or mechanical parameter range). In particular, the continuously recorded parameter values of the at least one parameter can be continuously compared with the at least one permissible parameter range in order to determine whether the parameter values are within the permissible parameter range or not.

In a step 701, an anchor connection tear indication is detected by the detection arrangement of the first buoyant offshore structure, in particular due to a determination that a detected parameter does not fulfill the permissible parameter range, i.e. in particular lies outside the permissible parameter range.

Optionally, in step 702, an alarm message can be sent to at least one further structure connected to the first buoyant offshore structure via the marine energy cable to be de-energized immediately upon or after a detection of an anchor connection tear indication by a communication device of the first buoyant offshore structure.

The alarm message may contain instructions for electrically disconnecting the marine power cable. The further structure can, for example, as in 6 shown to be another floating offshore structure. Preferably, the communication device can be set up to transmit the alarm message via the (optical) communication conductor of the marine energy cable that is to be de-energized.

Then in step 703 (immediately) after or upon detection of an anchor connection tear indication and/or (immediately) after sending the alarm message, the switching device at least electrically disconnects the electrical connection to the marine energy cable. In particular, all marine energy cables connected to the offshore structure are switched off, in particular by load disconnectors of the switching device.

In an optional step 704, the transmitted alarm message is received by a receiving module of a switching device of the further building.

In the optional step 705, the switching device of the further structure at least electrically disconnects the electrical connection to the marine energy cable, which electrically connects the further structure to the first buoyant offshore structure.

Claims (17)

Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600), comprising: - at least one marine energy cable connection (106, 606), set up for connecting a marine energy cable (116, 616), - at least one anchor connection (114, 314, 414, 514, 614), set up for connecting at least one anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622) for anchoring the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600). an underwater floor, characterized in that the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) further comprises - at least one detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) set up to detect an anchor connection tear indication , and - at least one switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612), set up for at least electrically disconnecting the electrical connection to the marine energy cable (116, 616) connected to the marine energy cable connection (106, 606) during or after detection the anchor connection tear indication (122, 322, 422, 522, 622). Floatable offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600). Claim 1 , characterized in that - the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises a foundation (104, 204, 304, 404, 504, 604) with at least one floating body (132), and - the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises at least one device (102, 202, 302, 402, 402, 602) arranged on the foundation and having the marine energy cable connection (106, 606), - wherein the device (102, 202, 302, 402, 402, 602) is in particular an electrical energy generating device (102, 202, 302, 402, 402, 602). Floatable offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600). Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one position sensor (240), set up to detect the position of the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600), and - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one position evaluation module (242), set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication, based on the detected position and a predetermined permissible position range. Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one anchor connection structure sensor, set up for Detecting at least one anchor connection structure parameter of the anchor connection, and - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one anchor connection structure evaluation module, set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication, based on the at least one detected anchor connection structure parameter and at least one predetermined permissible anchor connection structure parameter range. Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) has at least one electrical sensor device (351) comprises, set up to detect at least one electrical parameter of an electrical conductor (356) which is at least partially guided along the anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622), and - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608 ) comprises at least one electrical evaluation module (354), set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication, based on the at least one detected electrical parameter and at least one predetermined permissible parameter range. Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) has at least one optical sensor device (461) comprises, set up to detect at least one optical parameter of an optical conductor (462) at least partially guided along the anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622), and - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608 ) comprises at least one optical evaluation module (468), set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication, based on the at least one detected optical parameter and at least one predetermined permissible optical parameter range. Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) has at least one mechanical sensor device (575) comprises, set up to detect at least one mechanical parameter of a measuring cable (572) which is at least partially guided along the anchor connection (122, 322, 422, 522, 622), and - the detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608) comprises at least one mechanical evaluation module (574), set up to detect the anchor connection tear indication, based on the at least one recorded mechanical parameter and at least one predetermined permissible mechanical parameter range. Floatable offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) has at least one interface (134, 234, 334, 434) arranged between the detection arrangement and the switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612). , 534, 634), - wherein the at least one interface (134, 234, 334, 434, 534, 634) comprises an analog interface (134, 234, 334, 434, 534, 634) and/or a digital interface (134 , 234, 334, 434, 534, 634) and/or a mechanical interface (134, 234, 334, 434, 534, 634). Floatable offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) comprises at least one switch-disconnector. Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) is set up for mechanically disconnecting the marine energy cable (116, 616). Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) has at least one communication device ( 682), set up to send an alarm message to at least one further structure (600.2) connected to the offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) via the marine energy cable (116, 616) upon or after detection of a Anchor connection tear indication, - wherein the alarm message includes instructions for electrically disconnecting the electrical connection to the marine energy cable (116, 616) on the further structure (600.2). Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) has at least one receiving module (680) comprises, set up to receive at least one alarm message, containing instructions for electrically disconnecting the marine energy cable (116, 616), - wherein the switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612) is set up to at least electrically disconnect the electrical connection to the connected marine energy cable (116, 616) when the alarm message is received. Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises at least one activation arrangement , set up to activate at least one consumer and/or at least one energy source, upon or after detection of an anchor connection tear indication, - wherein the at least one consumer is an actuator for closing a door and/or an actuator for interrupting a fluid flow and/or a lighting means , and/or - wherein the at least one energy source is a rechargeable battery and/or a fuel-powered generator. Buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) comprises at least one deactivation arrangement , set up to activate at least one consumer and / or at least one energy source, upon or after detection of an anchor connection tear indication, - whereby the at least one component is an electrolysis system, and / or - where the at least one energy source is a and / or a photovoltaic system. Power generation system (684), comprising: - at least one buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) according to one of the previous claims, - at least one marine energy cable (116, 616), and - at least one further structure (600.2) electrically connected to the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) via the marine energy cable (116, 616). Method comprising: - Detecting, by at least one detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608), an anchor connection tear indication, and - electrical disconnection, by at least one switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612), of the electrical connection to the marine energy cable connection (106, 606) of the offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) connected marine energy cable (116, 616) during or after detection of the anchor connection tear indication. Use of a detection arrangement (108, 208, 308, 408, 508, 608), set up to detect an anchor connection tear indication, and at least one switching device (112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612), set up to at least electrically disconnect the electrical connection that on a marine energy cable connection Sea energy cable connected to the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) upon or after a detection of an anchor connection tear indication, in the buoyant offshore structure (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600).

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