DE102022107219A1 - Method for operating a moving grate and moving grate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a moving grate (100) with several rows of grate bars (2), each of which has a grate bar support (5) on which several grate bars (3) are mounted, the grate bars (3) of adjacent rows of grate bars (2) being roof tile-like lie one above the other and surfaces (7) of the grate bars (3) have a non-planar surface contour (13), a first drive movement (A1) being or can be initiated in drivable grate bar supports (5a) in such a way that different drive positions alternate (p ), in which the grate bars (3) are adjusted differently on the respective drivable grate bar supports (5a) and also on non-drivable grate bar supports (5b), for transporting and/or stoking the fuel (B) located on the push grate surface (O). According to the invention, at least some of the drivable grate bar supports (5a) are divided into at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2) in such a way that the first drive movement (A1) is independently of one another in the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of different ones Grate bar row units (E; E1, E2), whereby the drivable grate bar supports (5a), which are assigned to the same grate bar row unit (E; E1, E2), are always driven synchronously, with different drive positions (S) alternating depending on a set movement Mode (M) can be set by initiating the first drive movement (A1) into the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of at least one of the at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2).

Description

The present invention relates to a method for operating a moving grate for an incinerator, in particular a waste incineration plant, and a moving grate for carrying out the method.

Moving grates are typically used in waste incineration plants where garbage is burned as fuel. Push grates usually consist of individual rows of grate bars with grate bars that are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the fuel and lie on top of each other like roof tiles. The grate bars of a row of grate bars are mounted on a grate bar support. Drives engage every second grate bar support and initiate a drive movement into the relevant driven or drivable rows of grate bars. This sets the drivable rows of grate bars in motion relative to the non-driven, fixed rows of grate bars. The drives of all drivable grate bar rows are controlled synchronously or simultaneously (equal stroke) by a control device so that each drivable grate bar row moves back and forth in the same way or simultaneously, so that there is a uniform movement sequence across the entire moving grate.

The described movement of the drivable rows of grate bars in the same stroke causes, on the one hand, a transport of the fuel applied to a moving grate surface of the moving grate through the furnace and, on the other hand, also a stirring of the fuel layer. The sliding grate surface is formed by the surfaces of the individual grate bars, the position of which therefore also influences the transport and stoking of the fuel layer. In known sliding grates, a circular segment-shaped first drive movement is introduced into the grate bar supports by the drive via torsion shafts and torsion levers, so that a corresponding grate bar movement of the grate bars mounted on the drivable grate bar supports results, as for example in US 6`332`410 B1 or DE 30 07 678 A1 described. Alternatively, a straight-line first drive movement via a linkage is also possible, resulting in a straight-line grate bar movement of the grate bars mounted on the drivable grate bar supports.

In DE 30 07 678 C2 A sliding grate with a torsion shaft is also described, the shaft bearings of which are height-adjustable in such a way that the rows of grate bars can again be driven in a rectilinear drive direction. Moving grates or moving grates with other types of drive are examples US 4179183 A , EP 3 845 806 A1 , CN 107062233 A , SE 1951417 A1 described.

In DE 10 2019 128 536 A1 It is further described that the surfaces of the grate bars of at least some of the rows of grate bars have a non-planar surface contour, so that in addition to the first drive movement, a second drive movement can be initiated by the relative movement between the grate bars of drivable and non-drivable rows of grate bars. This allows complex movement sequences to be represented, which further optimize the transport or feed and stoking of the firing material.

The disadvantage is that during the operation of such sliding grates, the transport or feed and the stoking of the fuel or the fuel layer are inseparably linked to one another. There is therefore only one movement mode in which the fuel is always transported in the same way and at the same time stoked by the simultaneous and coupled movement of the rows of grate bars that can be driven. In this movement mode, the effect on the fuel can only be adjusted by changing the speed of movement of the rows of grate bars that can be driven, but this does not affect the combination of transport and stoking.

In US 3863578 A or DE 23 59 635 A1 A feed grate is described with two rows of grate bar units, each of which has a plurality of grate members that are coupled to one another in terms of movement. The grate members of the respective grate bar row unit can be driven together or synchronously via a drive assigned to the respective grate bar row unit, whereby the drives assigned to the respective grate bar row units can be controlled independently of one another, so that the grate members of different grate bar row units also correspond accordingly can move independently of each other. The drivable grate members slide back and forth on fixed or fixed grate members, with both the drivable grate members and the non-drivable, fixed grate members having a planar surface contour.

The object of the invention is to provide a method and a moving grate with which flexible operation of the moving grate can be made possible with little effort.

This task is solved by a method and a moving grate according to the independent claims. The subclaims indicate preferred further developments.

Accordingly, a method for operating a moving grate is provided, wherein the moving grate has several (drivable and non-drivable) rows of grate bars, the rows of grate bars each have a grate bar support on which a plurality of grate bars are rotatably mounted via their first ends, the grate bars of adjacent rows of grate bars lying one above the other like a roof tile in such a way that a second end of the respective grate bar is supported on a surface of an adjacent grate bar in the direction of flow. The surfaces of the grate bars of the individual rows of grate bars together form a sliding grate surface and the surfaces of at least some, preferably all, grate bars also have a non-planar surface contour.

In drivable grate bar supports of the drivable grate bar rows, a first drive movement, which runs, for example, in the shape of a segment of a circle or in a straight line, can be initiated via a drive and a drive mechanism in such a way that alternately different drive positions result in which the grate bars are on the respective drivable grate bar supports and due to the Non-planar surface contour, the grate bars on the non-driveable grate bar supports of the non-driveable grate bar rows are also adjusted or moved differently, for transporting and / or stoking the firing material located on the sliding grate surface.

According to the invention, it is provided that at least some, preferably all, drivable grate bar supports of the drivable grate bar rows of the moving grate are preferably evenly divided into at least two grate bar row units in such a way that the first drive movement is independent of one another or decoupled into the drivable grate bar supports of different grate bar row units can be initiated, whereby the drivable grate bar supports, which are assigned to the same grate bar row unit, are always driven synchronously and / or coupled to one another. During operation of the moving grate, each drivable grate bar support is only assigned to one grate bar row unit and while the grate bar movement within a grate bar row unit takes place synchronously or together, the grate bar movement between the grate bar row units can depend on the situation, i.e. depending on the set movement mode, independently of one another take place, which already enables more flexible operation of the moving grate or individual moving grate modules of the moving grate, since not all driven rows of grate bars can always be driven synchronously or identically or at all.

Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention that alternately different drive positions are set depending on a set or predetermined movement mode, for example controlled by a control device, by introducing the first drive movement into the drivable grate bar supports of at least one of the at least two grate bar row units. Accordingly, with the help of an appropriately parameterized control device, different grate bar movements can be represented depending on the situation, purely on the control side and without additional expensive and fault-prone drive mechanisms.

Due to the non-planar surfaces of the grate bars, this grate bar movement is very complex, since not only the first drive movement contributes to the grate bar movement, but also in the grate bars, which are supported with the second ends on the non-planar surface contour of the grate bar adjacent in the direction of flow second drive movement is initiated by the relative movement between the grate bars of drivable and non-drivable rows of grate bars. The non-planar surface contour of the grate bars can, for example, have a curve profile running in the flow direction, preferably concave or convex and/or adjacent curve regions of a curve profile have different curvatures. Complex movement sequences can be achieved from these two drive movements, which, in conjunction with the movement mode set in each case, easily enable flexible operation of the moving grate.

This makes it possible, for example, to set a movement mode in the combustion process in which suitable drive positions are alternately set by selectively initiating the first drive movement into the respective drivable grate bar supports and the resulting second drive movement, with which particularly good stoking of the resting material to be fired is achieved becomes. After changing the movement mode, other drive positions can then be set alternately, with which particularly good transport efficiency can be achieved, for example in order to clear the firing material from the push grate. The stoking and transport of the firing material can be decoupled at least temporarily by specifically adjusting the respective movement mode.

Since the different grate bar row units can basically still be operated synchronously through appropriate control, as in the prior art, a movement mode can be set at least temporarily in which all drivable grate bar supports move synchronously. However, this is only one possible movement mode in which the moving grate can be operated temporarily.

According to the invention, a moving grate is further provided with a control device for carrying out the method, in particular consisting of several moving grate modules arranged one behind the other and/or next to one another, each of which has at least two grate bar row units each consisting of at least two synchronously drivable grate bar supports and grate bars rotatably mounted thereon. The sliding grate can therefore also be operated differently in different zones or areas. The drivable grate bar supports of different moving grate modules can also be assigned to different grate bar row units, which are then driven either the same or differently across modules, depending on which movement mode was selected. If all moving grate modules are controlled in the same way, the respective movement mode can be implemented over the entire moving grate or only in certain areas for individual moving grate modules, whose drivable grate bar supports are divided into at least two grate bar row units. This enables particularly flexible operation.

• - zumindest zeitweise zeitversetzt und/oder asynchron in die antreibbaren Roststabträger von unterschiedlichen Roststabreihen-Einheiten, oder
• - zumindest zeitweise in lediglich eine der mindestens zwei Roststabreihen-Einheiten bzw. nicht in alle Roststabreihen-Einheiten eingeleitet wird. Dadurch lassen sich in einfacher Weise Roststabbewegungen erzeugen, indem die antreibbaren Roststabträger unterschiedlicher Roststab-Einheiten relativ zueinander bewegt werden. Aus dieser Relativbewegung folgen dann weitere mögliche Antriebs-Stellungen, mit denen die Schürung und der Transport des Brenngutes entsprechend gezielt eingestellt werden können.

Preferably it is further provided that the first drive movement depends on the set movement mode

• - at least temporarily time-shifted and/or asynchronously into the drivable grate bar supports of different grate bar row units, or
• - is introduced at least temporarily into only one of the at least two grate bar row units or not into all grate bar row units. This allows grate bar movements to be generated in a simple manner by moving the drivable grate bar supports of different grate bar units relative to one another. This relative movement then results in further possible drive positions with which the stoking and transport of the firing material can be adjusted accordingly.

Preferably, it is further provided that at least two drivable grate bar supports of the same grate bar row unit are assigned a common drive in order to carry out the first drive movement via a common drive and, for example, via a correspondingly designed transmission linkage, synchronously or coupled to one another in at least two of the drivable grate bar supports, which are of the same grate bar rows -Unit assigned to initiate. In this way, the first drive movement can be initiated with a few drives and the synchronous movement within a grate bar row unit can be implemented more easily.

In addition, it can be provided that the first drive movement is initiated via the common drive only or exclusively in the at least two drivable grate bar supports of a single, i.e. the respectively assigned, grate bar row unit and not in another grate bar row unit. This ensures that the movement of the grate bar supports of different grate bar row units can also take place independently of one another, depending on the situation.

• - eine erste Antriebs-Stellung eingestellt wird oder werden kann, indem mindestens ein erster Antrieb, der die antreibbaren Roststabträger der ersten Roststabreihen-Einheit antreibt, und mindestens ein zweiter Antrieb, der die antreibbaren Roststabträger der zweiten Roststabreihen-Einheit antreibt, jeweils eingefahren werden, und/oder
• - eine zweite Antriebs-Stellung eingestellt wird oder werden kann, indem der mindestens eine erste Antrieb, der die antreibbaren Roststabträger der ersten Roststabreihen-Einheit antreibt, ausgefahren wird, und der mindestens eine zweite Antrieb, der die antreibbaren Roststabträger der zweiten Roststabreihen-Einheit antreibt, eingefahren wird, und/oder
• - eine dritte Antriebs-Stellung eingestellt wird oder werden kann, indem der mindestens eine erste Antrieb, der die antreibbaren Roststabträger der ersten Roststabreihen-Einheit antreibt, eingefahren wird, und der mindestens eine zweite Antrieb, der die antreibbaren Roststabträger der zweiten Roststabreihen-Einheit antreibt, ausgefahren wird, und/oder
• - eine vierte Antriebs-Stellung eingestellt wird oder werden kann, indem der mindestens eine erste Antrieb, der die antreibbaren Roststabträger der ersten Roststabreihen-Einheit antreibt, und der mindestens eine zweite Antrieb, der die antreibbaren Roststabträger der zweiten Roststabreihen-Einheit antreibt, jeweils ausgefahren werden. Demnach lassen sich im einfachsten Fall vier unterschiedliche Antriebs-Stellungen einstellen, entweder für jedes Schubrost-Modul des Schubrosts oder nur für einzelne Schubrost-Module innerhalb des Schubrosts. Zwischen diesen kann dann je nach eingestelltem Bewegungs-Modus alternierend gewechselt werden.

Preferably, it is further provided that (exactly) two grate bar row units are provided within a moving grate module of the moving grate, whereby

• - a first drive position is or can be set by at least a first drive, which drives the drivable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, and at least one second drive, which drives the drivable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit, each being retracted, and or
• - a second drive position is or can be set by extending the at least one first drive, which drives the drivable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, and the at least one second drive, which drives the drivable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit , is retracted, and/or
• - a third drive position is or can be set by retracting the at least one first drive, which drives the drivable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, and the at least one second drive, which drives the drivable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit , is extended, and/or
• - a fourth drive position is or can be set by the at least one first drive, which drives the drivable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit, and the at least one second drive, which drives the drivable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit, each being extended become. In the simplest case, four different drive positions can be set, either for each moving grate module of the moving grate or just for individual moving grate modules within the moving grate. You can then alternately switch between these depending on the movement mode set.

It is preferably provided that in a first movement mode the first drive position, the second drive position, the first drive position and the third drive position (in this order) are set sequentially and repeatedly. This allows pronounced grate steps and stoke pockets to be created within a moving grate module or across the entire moving grate, which move dynamically in the direction of flow due to the alternating drive position and thereby both constantly loosen up the material to be fired and transport it efficiently. Therefore, there is good transport efficiency and a good stimulating effect if this first movement mode is continuously set.

In addition, it can be provided that the at least one first drive drives the drivable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit in the first movement mode only when the at least one second drive does not drive the drivable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit or is at a standstill. This results in very pronounced, dynamically moving grate levels and stoke pockets due to the alternating counter-stroke movement.

Preferably, it is further provided that in a second movement mode the first drive position and the fourth drive position (in this order) are set sequentially and repeatedly, the at least one first drive driving the drivable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit , while the at least one second drive also drives or moves the drivable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit. As a result, the moving grate or an individual moving grate module can be operated at least temporarily in the same stroke, which temporarily results in a high transport efficiency with a low stoking effect, which is advantageous, for example, for clearing the moving grate. Accordingly, flexible operation can be made possible by the possibility of setting different movement modes.

Preferably, it is further provided that in a third movement mode the second drive position and the fourth drive position (in this order) are set sequentially and repeatedly, so that at least one of the drives, in particular the at least one first drive, in third movement mode stands still, in particular remains extended. Accordingly, only one grate bar row unit is driven, which results in a quasi-stationary stoking, i.e. a very low transport efficiency and, due to the lifting of the sliding grate surface, a very good loosening or stoking of the resting material to be fired. Stirring and transport can therefore be largely decoupled if this third movement mode is set for the moving grate or for individual moving grate modules.

Preferably, it is further provided that in a fourth movement mode the second drive position and the third drive position (in this order) are set sequentially and repeatedly, with the at least one first drive simultaneously controlling the drivable grate bar supports of the first grate bar row unit drives, while the at least one second drive also drives the drivable grate bar supports of the second grate bar row unit, so that there is an opposite movement of the driven grate bar supports or rows of grate bars. This means that appropriately coordinated transport and appropriately coordinated stoking of the material to be fired can be achieved for the respective situation.

Preferably, it is further provided that every second row of grate bars of the moving grate is a row of grate bars driven via the drive and the non-driven rows of grate bars are arranged in between, with every second driven row of grate bars of the moving grate or a moving grate module of the moving grate being assigned to the same grate bar row unit. This means that evenly distributed grate bar row units can be achieved, so that, depending on the movement mode set, a uniform movement of the moving grate surface can be set across the entire moving grate.

It is preferably further provided that the respective drive initiates the first drive movement via a drive mechanism into the respective drivable grate bar carrier, the respective drive mechanism having torsion levers attached to a torsion shaft, which connect the drive, for example a hydraulic cylinder, to the drivable grate bar carriers to effect a circular segment-shaped first drive movement about a second axis of rotation defined by the torsion shaft when the respective drive is actuated. In this way, the first drive movement can be easily initiated into the respective grate bar supports via the respective drive, and synchronization of the first drive movement can then be achieved in a simple manner within the respective grate bar row unit via a transmission linkage between the individual torsion levers.

• 1a, 1b ein Schubrost-Modul mit zwei separaten Antrieben in einer ersten Antriebs-Stellung;
• 2a, 2b das Schubrost-Modul gemäß 1a, 1b in einer zweiten Antriebs-Stellung;
• 3a, 3b das Schubrost-Modul gemäß 1a, 1b in einer dritten Antriebs-Stellung; und
• 4a, 4b das Schubrost-Modul gemäß 1a, 1b in einer vierten Antriebs-Stellung.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:

• 1a , 1b a moving grate module with two separate drives in a first drive position;
• 2a , 2 B the sliding grate module according to 1a , 1b in a second drive position;
• 3a , 3b the sliding grate module according to 1a , 1b in a third drive position; and
• 4a , 4b the sliding grate module according to 1a , 1b in a fourth drive position.

The figures show a moving grate module 1, which is part of a moving grate 100 for an incineration furnace (not shown), in particular a waste incineration plant (not shown), and during the combustion process the transport of fuel B, for example burned garbage, along a Flow direction F serves. The figures differ only in a set drive position S, in which grate bars 3 and grate bar supports 5 of a row of grate bars 2 of the sliding grate module 1 are located, as explained in more detail below.

A moving grate 100 normally consists of several such moving grate modules 1, which are arranged one behind the other in one to three areas that lie next to each other perpendicular to the flow direction F, and within the areas in several zones in the flow direction F. All moving grate modules 1 then form a continuous moving grate surface O across all zones and across all areas, on which the firing material B rests during the combustion process.

For this purpose, each moving grate module 1 has several rows of grate bars 2 arranged along the flow direction F, each of which is formed from grate bars 3 lying next to one another in the transverse direction Q (perpendicular to the flow direction F). The grate bars 3 of a row of grate bars 2 are mounted on a grate bar support 5 via a first end 4, so that each grate bar 3 can rotate about a first axis of rotation D1 defined by the respective grate bar support 5. The grate bars 3 of the individual rows of grate bars 2 continue to lie on top of each other like roof tiles, with a second end 6 of the respective grate bar 3 being supported by gravity on a surface 7 of the adjacent grate bar 3 seen in the flow direction F. The surfaces 7 of the individual grate bars 3 can thereby form the continuous sliding grate surface O on which the firing material B is transported, stoked and burned.

As shown in the figures, every second row of grate bars 2 is a driven or drivable row of grate bars 2a or every second grate bar carrier 5 is a driven or drivable grate bar carrier 5a, which interacts with a drive mechanism 9, the drive mechanism 9 being in a downwind area 200 of the sliding grate. Module 1 or the sliding grate 100 is arranged. The rows of grate bars 2 or grate bar supports 5 in between are non-driven or non-driveable grate bar rows 2b or non-driven or non-driveable grate bar supports 5b. A first drive movement A1 (see. 1b) into the drivable grate bar rows 2a or into the drivable grate bar supports 5a and thus also into the first end 4 of the grate bar 3 mounted thereon.

The first drive movement A1 is preferably in the shape of a circular segment (dotted in 1b) formed, the drive mechanism 9 having at least two torsion levers 11a, 11b attached to a torsion shaft 10, which connect a drive 12, in particular a linear actuator, for example a hydraulic cylinder, to the drivable grate bar supports 5a. This means that by actuating the drive 12, a circular segment-shaped first drive movement A1 can be effected about a second axis of rotation D2 defined by the torsion shaft 10, which results in a circular segment-shaped movement of the drivable grate bar supports 5a and the first end 4 of the grate bars 3 mounted thereon about the second axis of rotation D2 results.

In principle, however, drive mechanisms 9 are also possible, which have a straight-line first drive movement A1 (dash-dotted in 1b) and thus also cause a rectilinear movement of the drivable grate bar supports 5a and the first end 4 of the grate bars 3 mounted thereon. The circular segment-shaped or rectilinear first drive movement A1 results in a first grate bar movement Ba of the grate bars 3 mounted on the drivable grate bar supports 5a, which has a directional component both in the flow direction F and vertically upwards (perpendicular to the flow direction F and to the transverse direction Q), whereby the Firing material B can be transported along the flow direction F and can also be stoked at the same time.

In order to optimize this, the surfaces 7 of the individual grate bars 3 are designed in such a way that a second drive movement A2 can be additionally initiated into the respective grate bar 3 via the second end 6 of the respective grate bar 3 (see Fig. 1b) . According to the embodiment shown, this second drive movement A2 can be initiated both in the grate bars 3, which are mounted on the drivable grate bar supports 5a, and in the grate bars 3, which are mounted on the non-drivable grate bar supports 5b.

For this purpose, the surfaces 7 of the respective grate bars 3 have, on average, a non-rectilinear surface contour 13 in the manner of a curve profile K, which is convexly and/or concavely curved and can also be designed in a wave shape. As a result, the second ends 6 of the respective grate bar 3 adjacent to the flow direction F, which are supported thereon, are moved up or down depending on the position on the curve profile K, which results in the second drive movement A2. The second drive movement A2 introduced into the second end 6 of the respective grate bar 3 is therefore mainly dependent on the position of the second end 6 on the curve profile K of the grate bar 3 adjacent in the flow direction F.

This results in a first grate bar movement Ba for the grate bars 3, which are mounted on a drivable grate bar support 5a, which is particularly dependent on the first drive movement A1 and the second drive movement A2. For the grate bars 3, which are mounted on a non-driveable grate bar support 5b, there is a second grate bar movement Bb, which largely results from the second drive movement A2. The second drive movement A2 is determined by the curve profile K, whereby this curve profile K itself is not fixed, since the surfaces 7 of the grate bars 3 also move due to the respective grate bar movement Ba, Bb. The first and/or the second drive movement A1, A2 causes a complex grate bar movement Ba, Bb of the respective grate bars 3.

The transport and stoking process can be optimized by such a moving grate 100 with the possibility of a complex grate bar movement Ba, Bb, without the drive mechanism 9 or the drives 12 having to be changed or further extensive drive mechanisms 9 having to be positioned in the underwind area 200 , so that this solution does not increase the susceptibility to faults and reliability is maintained.

Furthermore, according to the invention it is provided that the drivable grate bar supports 5a or the drivable grate bar rows 2a of such a moving grate module 1 can be moved in a special way via a control device 50 in different movement modes M in order to move such moving grate modules 1 within a moving grate 100 to be able to operate even more efficiently and flexibly. For this purpose, individual drivable grate bar rows 2a with drivable grate bar supports 5a are first specifically assigned to a grate bar row unit E. This can be done in pairs, for example, as shown in the figures. In principle, other divisions are also possible.

Accordingly, a first pair P1 of drivable grate bar rows 2a of a moving grate module 1 is assigned to a first grate bar row unit E1 and a second pair P2 of drivable grate bar rows 2a is assigned to a second grate bar row unit E2, each drivable grate bar row 2a or each drivable grate bar carrier 5a only is assigned to a grate bar row unit E. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first and fifth rows of grate bars 2 (including non-driable rows of grate bars 2b) or the first and third drivable rows of grate bars 2a are assigned to the first grate bar row unit E1, this first grate bar row unit E1 via a common first drive 12a is driven.

The first drive 12a simultaneously acts via a transmission linkage 14 on the drive mechanisms 9 of the two drivable grate bar supports 5a of the first grate bar row unit E1, so that only a common first drive 12a is necessary for these. In the same way, a divided “first” drive 12a can also be provided in such a way that the two drivable grate bar rows 2a or the two drivable grate bar supports 5a, which are assigned to the first grate bar row unit E1, are driven via separate first drives 12a (not shown ). In this case, both separately designed first drives 12a are then controlled synchronously by the control device 50 in such a way that the same synchronous first drive movement A1 results for both drivable grate bar supports 5a of the first grate bar row unit E1 as in the version with only one common first drive 12a.

Comparable to the first grate bar row unit E1, the second grate bar row unit E2 is also assigned a second drive 12b (or two synchronously controlled, divided "second" drives 12b) in order to be integrated into the drive mechanisms 9 of the two drivable grate bar supports 5a of the second grate bar row unit E2 to be able to initiate a first drive movement A1 synchronously. It is therefore planned that both grate bar row units E; E1, E2 via their drives 12; 12a, 12b can be operated or moved independently of one another, the drivable grate bar rows 2a or the drivable grate bar supports 5a within a grate bar row unit E; E1, E2 are always driven together or synchronously.

This can result in different drive positions S for the grate bars 3 and grate bar supports 5 of a row of grate bars 2, which are shown in the different figures. If these drive positions S are set in a specific time sequence by the control device 50, this can occur depending on the situation during operation of the moving grate 100 different movement modes M can be implemented. These drive positions S and movement modes M are explained in more detail below using the figures. In the 2a , 2 B , 3a , 3b , 4a , 4b For the sake of clarity, only the reference symbols relevant to the respective drive positions S are shown.

In the 1a and 1b is shown from different perspectives, that both the first drive 12a of the first grate bar row unit E1 and the second drive 12b of the second grate bar row unit E2 are retracted, so that a first drive position S1 results.

In the 2a and 2 B is shown from different perspectives that the first drive 12a of the first grate bar row unit E1 is extended and the second drive 12b of the second grate bar row unit E2 is retracted, so that a second drive position S2 results.

In the 3a and 3b is shown from different perspectives that the first drive 12a of the first grate bar row unit E1 is retracted and the second drive 12b of the second grate bar row unit E2 is extended, so that a third drive position S3 results.

In the 4a and 4b is shown from different perspectives, that both the first drive 12a of the first grate bar row unit E1 and the second drive 12b of the second grate bar row unit E2 are extended, so that a fourth drive position S4 results.

In a first movement mode M1 (alternating counterstroke), the control device 50 can set the first drive position S1, the second drive position S2, the first drive position S1 and finally the third drive position S3 in succession. These positions S1, S2, S1, S3 are repeated in this order as long as the first movement mode M1 is activated. In this first movement mode M1, the alternating movement sequences of the two drives 12 take place; 12a, 12b not at the same time, i.e. while one drive 12a, 12b is being retracted and extended (S1-S2, S2-S1), the other drive 12b, 12a is continuously retracted and reversed (S1-S3, S3-S1) .

In the second drive position S2 and in the third drive position S3, pronounced grate steps 17 are formed from several grate bars 3 lying one above the other and corresponding stoke pockets 18 are formed in front of them in the flow direction F, which are not static due to the interim setting of the first drive position S1 the flow direction F continues to move, but rather dynamically. This is facilitated by the complex grate bar movement Ba, Bb as a result of the non-rectilinear surface contour 13 of the grate bars 3, so that the material B to be fired can be efficiently carried along and stoked at the same time via the dynamically moving grate steps 17 and stoke pockets 18. Overall, this results in good transport efficiency with a good stoking effect at the same time.

In a second movement mode M2 (equal stroke feed), the control device 50 can set the first drive position S1 and the fourth drive position S4 in succession. These two positions S1, S4 alternate in this order as long as the second movement mode M2 is activated. In this second movement mode M2, the alternating movement sequences of the two drives 12 take place; 12a, 12b at the same time, i.e. both drives 12a, 12b move in and out again at the same time, so that every second row of grate bars 2 or every drivable row of grate bars 2a moves back and forth at the same time and in the process, moving grate pockets 17 are also formed, which, in contrast to the second and However, the third drive position S2, S3 is flatter and moves less dynamically in the flow direction F. This results in very good transport efficiency, since the firing material B lying on it is transported simultaneously in the flow direction F via the grate bars 3 of all drivable grate bar rows 2a. At the same time, however, there is also a minimal possible (for the sliding grate module 1) stoking effect, since the non-rectilinear surface contour 13 of the grate bars 3 can only ensure reduced loosening.

In a third movement mode M3 (quasi-stationary stoking), the control device 50 can set the second drive position S2 and the fourth drive position S4 in succession. These two positions S2, S4 alternate in this order as long as the third movement mode M3 is activated. In this third movement mode M3, the alternating movement sequences of the two drives 12 take place; 12a, 12b such that one of the drives 12; 12a, 12b, in this case the first drive 12a, remains extended, and the other drive 12; 12b, 12a, in this case the second drive 12b, alternately moves in and out again.

Accordingly, the drivable grate bar rows 2a (here) of the first grate bar row unit E1 do not contribute to the transport of the firing material B. Therefore, the firing material B is only forwarded through every fifth row of grate bars 2 or through every second row of drivable grate bars 2a. At the same time, the firing material B receives Ba, Bb due to the complex grate bar movement due to the non-rectilinear surface chenkontour 13 of the grate bars 3 as well as the first drive movement A1 a small return component, so that overall, if at all, only a minimal transport (quasi-stationary) in the flow direction F is caused.

At the same time, the sliding grate surface O is raised over a large area when the fourth drive position S4 is set or the second drives 12b of the second grate bar row unit E2 are extended. This loosens up the material B to be fired and deashes it. Overall, in this third movement mode M3, a very good stirring effect is achieved with a transport efficiency of virtually zero, i.e. the stirring and the transport are virtually decoupled in the third movement mode M3. This third movement mode M3 can contribute to optimizing the combustion process if it is temporarily integrated into the combustion process.

In a fourth movement mode M4 (simultaneous counterstroke), the control device 50 can set the second drive position S2 and the third drive position S3 in succession. These two positions S2, S3 alternate in this order as long as the fourth movement mode M4 is activated. In this fourth movement mode M4, the alternating movement sequences of the two drives 12 take place; 12a, 12b at the same time but in opposite directions, i.e. one of the drives 12a, 12b retracts while the other drive 12b, 12a extends at the same time and then reversed. As a result, the drivable grate bar rows 2a of different grate bar row units E always move in opposite directions to one another, which can be used in the combustion process depending on the situation.

Therefore, by dividing the drivable grate bar rows 2a into different grate bar row units E; E1, E2 and through the separate or independent control option of the respectively assigned drives 12; 12a, 12b different movement sequences can be achieved, which can be used specifically in different situations during the combustion process. To do this, only the respective movement mode M needs to be set in the control device 50, whereupon the control device 50 activates the respective drives 12; 12a, 12b controls at the appropriate time.

The control can be carried out in the same way or at the same time for each moving grate module 1 of a moving grate 100, i.e. the moving grate modules 1 of all rows and zones of the moving grate 100 are controlled in an identical manner, so that an evenly distributed grate bar movement occurs the entire moving grate surface is set to O. The first and second drives 12a, 12b of all moving grate modules 1 are then controlled identically and this results in 100 extended grate bar row units E over the entire moving grate; E1, E2, within which synchronized driving of the respectively assigned drivable grate bar supports 5a takes place.

Depending on the application, however, it can also be provided that different movement modes M are set in sections or for different moving grate modules 1 in order to achieve a different transport and/or stimulating effect via the respective moving grate module 1 in certain zones or rows of the moving grate 100 to reach. The first and second drives 12a, 12b of different sliding grate modules 1 can then possibly also be driven differently, in which case the grate bar row units E; E1, E2 are not extended across modules, but only have drivable grate bar supports 5a from a sliding grate module 1.

In addition to the four movement modes M described, further movement modes M from a combination of the drive positions S shown or from further drive positions S are also possible, insofar as these can be efficiently integrated into the combustion process. For example, if more than two grate bar row units E are formed on a moving grate module 1 or across several moving grate modules 1, the drivable rows of grate bars 2a are controlled synchronously via corresponding drives 12 on the respective moving grate module 1 or across several moving grate modules 1 other movement modes M can also be implemented.

The control device 50 can therefore set the drivable rows of grate bars 2a of a moving grate module 1 or several moving grate modules 1 of the moving grate 100 in motion in a simple and flexible manner adapted to the respective application via the respective drives 12. No additional mechanical components are required for this, but only an appropriately parameterized or parameterizable control device 50, which is able to control the individual drives 12; 12a, 12b to be controlled in a coordinated manner.

Reference symbol list

1

Sliding grate module

2

Row of rust bars

2a

drivable row of grate bars

2 B

non-driven row of grate bars

3

Grate bars

4

first end of a grate bar 3

5

Grate bar carrier

5a

drivable grate bar support

5b

non-driven grate bar support

6

second end of a grate bar 3

7

Surface of a grate bar 3

9

Drive mechanics

10

Torsion shaft

11a, 11b

Torsion lever

12

drive

12a

first drive

12b

second drive

13

Surface contour

14

transmission linkage

17

rust level

18

poker pocket

100

sliding grate

200

Downwind area

b

firing material

Ba

first grate bar movement

Bb

second grate bar movement

D1

first axis of rotation

D2

second axis of rotation

E

Grate bar row unit

E1

first grate bar row unit

E2

second grate bar row unit

F

Flow direction

K

Curve profile

M

Movement modes

M1

first movement mode

M2

second movement mode

M3

third movement mode

M4

fourth movement mode

O

sliding grate surface

P1

first pair of drivable rows of grate bars 2a

P2

second pair of drivable rows of grate bars 2a

Q

Transverse direction

S

Drive position

S1

first drive position

S2

second drive position

S3

third drive position

S4

fourth drive position

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 6332410 B1 [0003]
• DE 3007678 A1 [0003]
• DE 3007678 C2 [0004]
• US 4179183 A [0004]
• EP 3845806 A1 [0004]
• CN 107062233 A [0004]
• SE 1951417 A1 [0004]
• DE 102019128536 A1 [0005]
• US 3863578 A [0007]
• DE 2359635 A1 [0007]

Claims (16)

Method for operating a moving grate (100), the moving grate (100) having a plurality of rows of grate bars (2), the rows of grate bars (2) each having a grate bar support (5) on which a plurality of grate bars (3) extend over their first ends (4). are rotatably mounted, the grate bars (3) of adjacent rows of grate bars (2) lying one above the other like roof tiles in such a way that a second end (6) of the respective grate bar (3) is on a surface (7) of an adjacent grate bar (3) in the flow direction (F). supported, the surfaces (7) of the grate bars (3) of the individual rows of grate bars (2) forming a sliding grate surface (O) and the surfaces (7) of the grate bars (3) having a non-planar surface contour (13), with drivable grate bar supports (5a) of drivable rows of grate bars (2a), a first drive movement (A1) is or can be initiated via a drive (12) in such a way that alternately different drive positions (S) result in which the grate bars (3) on the respective drivable grate bar supports (5a) and also on non-drivable grate bar supports (5b) of non-drivable grate bar rows (2b) can be adjusted differently, for transporting and / or stoking the firing material (B) located on the push grate surface (O), characterized in that that at least some of the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the drivable grate bar rows (2a) on at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2) are divided in such a way that the first drive movement (A1) can be initiated independently of one another into the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of different grate bar row units (E; E1, E2), the drivable grate bar supports (5a) being the same Grate bar row unit (E; E1, E2) are always driven synchronously, with alternating different drive positions (S) being set depending on a set movement mode (M) by the first drive movement (A1) being in the drivable Grate bar support (5a) of at least one of the at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2) is initiated. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the first drive movement (A1) depending on the set movement mode (M) - at least temporarily time-shifted and / or asynchronously in the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of different grate bar row units (E; E1, E2), or - is introduced at least temporarily into only one of the at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2). Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that a second drive movement (A2) is inserted into the grate bars (3), which are supported with the second ends (6) on the non-planar surface contour (13) of the grate bar (3) adjacent in the flow direction (F). is initiated by the relative movement between the grate bars (3) of drivable and non-drivable grate bar rows (2a, 2b), the non-planar surface contour (13) of the grate bars (3) preferably having a curve profile (K) running in the flow direction (F). ) exhibit. Procedure according to one Claim 3 , characterized in that - a first grate bar movement (Ba) of the grate bars (3) of the drivable grate bar rows (2a) is composed of the first drive movement (A1) induced via the first ends (4) and that induced via the second ends (6). second drive movement (A2), and/or that - a second grate bar movement (Bb) of the grate bars (3) of the non-drivable grate bar rows (2b) results from the second drive movement (A2) induced via the second ends (6). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a common drive (12; 12a, 12b) is assigned to at least two drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the same grate bar row unit (E; E1, E2) in order to carry out the first drive movement (A1). to initiate a common drive (12; 12a, 12b) synchronously in at least two of the drivable grate bar supports (5a), which are assigned to the same grate bar row unit (E; E1, E2). Procedure according to Claim 5 , characterized in that the first drive movement (A1) is initiated via the common drive (12; 12a, 12b) only into the at least two drivable grate bar supports (5a) of a single grate bar row unit (E; E1, E2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2) are provided within the moving grate (100) or within a moving grate module (1) of the moving grate (100), wherein - a first drive -Position (S1) is or can be set by at least a first drive (12a), which drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate bar row unit (E1), and at least a second drive (12b), which drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) drives the second grate bar row unit (E2), are retracted in each case, and / or - a second drive position (S2) is or can be set by the at least one first Drive (12a), which drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate bar row unit (E1), is extended, and the at least one second drive (12b), which drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate bar row unit (E2). drives, is retracted, and / or - a third drive position (S3) is or can be set by the at least one first drive (12a), which drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate bar row unit (E1), is retracted, and the at least one second drive (12b), which drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate bar row unit (E2), is extended, and / or - a fourth drive position (S4) is or can be set , in that the at least one first drive (12a), which drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate bar row unit (E1), and the at least one second drive (12b), which drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate bar row unit (E2) drives, can be extended. Procedure according to Claim 7 , characterized in that in a first movement mode (M1) the first drive position (S1), the second drive position (S2), the first drive position (S2) and the third drive position are sequentially and repeatedly (S3). Procedure according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the at least one first drive (12a) drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the first grate bar row unit (E1) in the first movement mode (M1) only when the at least one second drive (12b). drivable grate bar support (5a) of the second grate bar row unit (E2) does not drive or stands still. Procedure according to one of the Claims 7 until 9 , characterized in that in a second movement mode (M2) the first drive position (S1) and the fourth drive position (S4) are set sequentially and repeatedly, the at least one first drive (12a) controlling the drivable grate bar supports (5a) drives the first grate bar row unit (E1), while the at least one second drive (12b) also drives or moves the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate bar row unit (E2). Procedure according to one of the Claims 7 until 10 , characterized in that in a third movement mode (M3) the second drive position (S2) and the fourth drive position (S4) are set sequentially and repeatedly, so that at least one of the drives (12), in particular the at least one first drive (12a), in the third movement mode (M3), stands still, in particular remains extended. Procedure according to one of the Claims 7 until 11 , characterized in that in a fourth movement mode (M3) the second drive position (S2) and the third drive position (S3) are set sequentially and repeatedly, the at least one first drive (12a) controlling the drivable grate bar supports (5a) drives the first grate bar row unit (E1) at the same time, while the at least one second drive (12b) also drives the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the second grate bar row unit (E2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that every second row of grate bars (2) of the moving grate (100) is a row of grate bars (2a) driven via the drive (12) and the non-driven rows of grate bars (2b) are arranged in between, each second driven grate bar row (2a) is assigned to the same grate bar row unit (E; E1, E2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective drive (12) initiates the first drive movement (A1) via a drive mechanism (9) into the respective drivable grate bar support (5a), the respective drive mechanism (9) being connected to a torsion shaft ( 10) has attached torsion levers (11a, 11b), which connect the drive (12), for example a hydraulic cylinder, to the drivable grate bar supports (5a) in order to effect a first drive movement (A1) in the shape of a segment of a circle about a second one defined by the torsion shaft (10). Rotary axis (D2) when the respective drive (12) is actuated. Push grate (100) for an incineration furnace, in particular a waste incineration plant, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, with several rows of grate bars (2), each of which has a grate bar support (5) on which a plurality of grate bars (3) have their first ends (4) are rotatably mounted, and a control device (50), the grate bars (3) of adjacent rows of grate bars (2) lying one above the other like roof tiles in such a way that a second end (6) of the respective grate bar (3) is on a surface (7). grate bar (3) adjacent in the flow direction (F), the surfaces (7) of the grate bars (3) of the individual rows of grate bars (2) forming a sliding grate surface (O) and the surfaces (7) of the grate bars (3) forming a non-planar one Have a surface contour (13), and at least some of the rows of grate bars (2) are rows of grate bars (2a) that can be driven via a drive (12), wherein the control device (50) is designed to control the drives (12) in such a way that a first drive movement (A1) can be initiated into the drivable grate bar supports (5a) in such a way that alternately different drive positions (S) result, in in which the grate bars (3) on the respective drivable grate bar supports (5a) and also on non-drivable grate bar supports (5b) of non-drivable grate bar rows (2b) are adjusted differently, for transporting and/or stoking the firing material located on the push grate surface (O). (B), characterized in that the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the drivable grate bar rows (2a) are divided into at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2) and the control device (50) is designed - the first drive movement (A1 ) via the respective drives (12) independently of one another into the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of different grate bar row units (E; E1, E2), and - the drivable grate bar supports (5a) of the same grate bar row unit (E; E1, E2) are assigned to always drive synchronously, and - to alternately set different drive positions (S) depending on a set movement mode (M) by converting the first drive movement (A1) into the drivable ones via the respective drives (12). Grate bar support (5a) of at least one of the at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2) is initiated. Moving grate (100). Claim 15 , characterized in that the moving grate (100) is formed from several moving grate modules (1) arranged one behind the other and/or next to one another, each of which has at least two grate bar row units (E; E1, E2) each consisting of at least two synchronously drivable grate bar supports (5a ) and rotatably mounted grate bars (3).

Images