DE102022105601A1 - Fire door - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a door leaf comprising an insert made of a plate-shaped material and two cover layers which are arranged on the opposite main surfaces of the insert and are glued to the insert using an adhesive. In order to provide a door leaf that is easy to manufacture and meets today's fire protection requirements, it is provided that the adhesive for bonding the insert to the cover layers is intumescent and expands when exposed to heat to protect the insert from the heat.

Description

The invention relates to a door leaf according to the preamble of claim 1 and the use of an adhesive according to the preamble of claim 9.

Door leaves, in particular door leaves for interior doors, are usually constructed in multiple layers and have an internal core with frame timbers arranged around the core and external cover layers. The structural design depends on the technical requirements, for example in the areas of sound insulation and fire protection. The core usually consists at least partially of a cellulose-containing material, for example wood-based panels or the like.

In order to meet today's fire protection requirements, the structural design of the door is becoming increasingly complex. A well-known problem in fire protection is the fact that in the event of a fire, a door leaf distorts, i.e. it becomes round, which creates gaps between the door leaf and the door frame. Smoke gases and fire can spread through these gaps. This problem occurs particularly with thin doors, especially thin room doors in the range of 39 mm to 60 mm thick, as the door can be severely distorted in the event of a fire. In order to prevent this, it is known to provide the frame timbers or external layers arranged on the frame timbers with an intumescent impregnation or to apply an intumescent adhesive in this area, which foams in the event of a fire and closes any gaps that arise between the door frame and the door leaf. Such use of intumescent coatings to close through openings in the event of a fire is common practice and is also used, for example, in pipe breakthroughs. Intumescent layers are also used in interior cladding. This is how it reveals DE 10 2010 048 575 A1 for example, an acoustic panel with a honeycomb core and outer perforated decorative layers. The perforation is intended to provide particularly good sound insulation. In order to ensure fire protection, the DE 10 2010 048 575 A1 proposes gluing the outer decorative layer with an intumescent adhesive that foams in the event of a fire and closes the holes in the perforated outer layer.

Another approach to using intumescent coatings is from the AT 007574 U2 known, which also uses intumescent material in the side edge area of door leaves. However, when foaming, this should press the frame wood of the door leaf against the door frame, which on the one hand closes gaps between the door leaf and the door frame. The deforming door leaf should also be prevented from moving out of the door frame by applying particular pressure from the frame timbers into the door frame.

The use of intumescent agents in the area of doors, which is known from the prior art, is technically complex because the partial application of the intumescent agents in the area of the side edges always requires additional work steps when producing the door leaves.

The invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a door leaf that is easy to manufacture and meets today's fire protection requirements.

The invention solves the problem by a door leaf with the features of claim 1 and by using an adhesive for producing a door leaf with the features of claim 9. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. All of the features described are fundamentally the subject of the invention on their own or in any combination, regardless of their summary in the claims or their relationship.

The door leaf according to the invention comprises an insert made of a plate-shaped material and two cover layers, which are arranged on the opposite main surfaces of the insert and are glued to the insert with an adhesive, the adhesive being intumescent and expanding when exposed to heat to protect the insert from the to protect against heat.

While in the prior art the intumescent agents used in the door area are used in the edge area of doors, with the purpose of filling a gap between the door leaf and the door frame in the event of a fire and / or pressing the frame timbers into the door frame with a high contact pressure The core of the invention is to hold a rounding door in position with force, preventing the door from becoming round and thus the formation of gaps between the door leaf and the door frame from the outset. For this purpose, the intumescent adhesive applied over the area of the cover sides and the insert and not on the side edges forms a protective layer over the insert and under the cover layers in the event of a fire, whereby the insert is protected from high heat over a longer period of time. So the fire can attack and burn down the cover sides, the rounding of the insert and thus of the door leaf and thus the formation of gaps is effectively prevented from the outset.

By simply replacing the adhesives used today with intumescent adhesives, it is also possible to continue using the door manufacturing process without any additional process steps and with the common devices used today for the production of the inventive fire-protected door leaf. The fire resistance of the door leaf improves to such an extent that the fire resistance class EI 30 (EN 1634-1) is easily achieved with just a small amount of intumescent adhesive, which is only necessary for the adhesive strength.

A plate-shaped material refers to materials that are in plate form. They are characterized by sufficient bending rigidity, which distinguishes them from a mat. Accordingly, mats are excluded as inserts within the meaning of the invention. Plate-shaped material is preferably designed as a solid material so that the foaming adhesive cannot foam into the insert or can only foam through it very slightly or can even foam through the insert. A counter example to solid material would be honeycomb inserts, such as paper honeycomb.

The cover layers advantageously border directly on the main surfaces of the insert and are preferably connected directly to the surfaces of the insert. A cover layer is therefore arranged on each of the opposite main surfaces of the insert and is glued to the insert using an intumescent adhesive. Material panels (plate-shaped material) are used in particular as cover layers. The cover layers are distinguished accordingly from sheets, mats, foils, etc., which are not to be understood as cover layers within the meaning of the invention. In addition to the insert and the cover layers, further layers can be present on the door leaf, but these are preferably not arranged between the insert and the cover layers.

An adhesive is an adhesive substance that creates a sufficiently durable and strong connection between the insert and the cover layers for the use of a door. The main surfaces are the surfaces bounded by the side edges of the insert.

The expansion of the intumescent adhesive can be adjusted individually to the requirements of the door leaf, which affects both the trigger temperature at which the adhesive begins to foam and the degree of expansion. In the present invention, small expansion straight lines are usually sufficient, since no external gaps/openings are to be closed, but only a protective layer is to be formed. A particular advantage of the invention is that the adhesive is not visible from the outside and is therefore fire protection that is invisible to the consumer.

The door leaves according to the invention are designed in particular in such a way that they achieve at least fire resistance class EI 30 according to EN 1634-1.

According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that a frame made of frame bodies extending around the insert is arranged. Frame bodies are rigid, usually square or rectangular rods or tubes. The frame bodies are preferably made of wood, for example solid wood or panel material made of wood, such as strips of a veneer wood panel. Frame bodies made of wood are also called frame timbers. Particularly thin frame bodies are also known, for example, under the term “lippings”, which preferably comprise or consist of wood or wood-based materials.

The frame can either be arranged on the side edges of the insert and covered by the cover pages or it can be arranged on the side edges of the insert and the cover pages glued to the insert, i.e. H. the frame bodies are not covered by the cover sides. In this embodiment, the frame bodies are designed in particular as thin lippings (e.g. 2 mm to 10 mm thick). The frame is formed from at least two frame bodies, preferably three frame bodies, in particular four frame bodies. The frame bodies are arranged on the side edges of the insert (or insert with cover layers), with two frame bodies preferably on the opposite long sides, with three frame bodies preferably on the opposite long sides and the later head side of the door leaf, with four frame bodies on all four sides of the insert ( or insert with cover layers). The individual frame bodies can be arranged without contact in the corner areas in which two frame bodies adjoin one another, for example with the formation of a small gap, but are preferably connected to one another in the corner areas.

In both versions of the frame bodies, but in particular when arranging frame bodies between the cover sides, there are usually always gaps in the manufacturing process of the door leaves between the insert and the frame bodies, the insert with cover sides and the frame bodies or between the frame bodies even have gaps through which the fire and/or smoke gases can break through the door leaf relatively quickly in the event of a fire. A further effect of the intumescent adhesive between the insert and the cover layers is that these gaps between the insert and the frame bodies, between the insert with cover layers and frame bodies or between the frame bodies themselves are filled or at least covered by the intumescent adhesive in the event of a fire, so that The fire is also prevented from penetrating through these gaps in the door leaf.

The cover layers adjacent to the insert are usually glued to the entire surface of the insert. Accordingly, the intumescent adhesive is particularly preferably arranged over the entire surface, i.e. H. It temporarily bonds the entire main surface of the top layer to the main surface of the insert, if necessary with the insert and the frame. Gluing the frame bodies to the side edges of the insert/cover layers or the frame bodies to one another does not necessarily have to be done using the intumescent adhesive in order to close the production-related gaps. To close these gaps, it is sufficient to apply the intumescent adhesive to the main surfaces of the inserts/cover pages.

For the bonding of the cover layers adjacent to the insert, it is particularly preferred to use exclusively the intumescent adhesive, so that the simple replacement of the adhesive described above can be carried out in the manufacturing process. There are preferably no other adhesives between the cover layers and the insert, for example those that are applied in special sections.

The cover layers can be designed as outer layers of the door leaf, for example as decorative outer layers. In addition to the insert described and the cover layers, the door leaf can also include other layers - as already explained above. For example, it is possible for further cover layers and/or decorative outer layers, for example decorative layers, to be arranged on the cover layers. According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that at least one further cover layer and/or outer layer is arranged on one or both cover layers, the further cover layers/outer layers being glued at least in sections to the cover layers by means of an intumescent adhesive. This further increases fire resistance, as the cover layers are also additionally protected from direct heat and fire. Preferably, the same intumescent adhesive is used as between the insert and the cover layers, which further keeps the manufacturing process simple. The other cover layers/outer layers are preferably also designed as plate-shaped materials.

In principle, the insert in the door leaves according to the invention can consist of different materials that are plate-shaped. According to a further development of the invention, however, it is provided that the insert comprises at least one cellulose-based material board, in particular a material board based on a renewable raw material, for example a wood-based board and / or a material board based on an annual plant, in particular at least one flax board. The material board can be designed, for example, as chipboard, tubular chipboard and/or fiberboard. Alternatively or additionally, the insert can contain at least one mineral fiber board, in particular at least one mineral wool board. The inserts are advantageously designed as sandwich panels which comprise several layers made of the aforementioned materials and/or structures. In particular, the sandwich panels are designed with at least two identical layers. All of the aforementioned cellulose-based preferred materials and types of panels are combustible. The intumescent adhesive layer according to the invention protects them from fire, which on the one hand prevents the inserts from burning or burning prematurely, and on the other hand, because the heat of the fire is kept away, excessive drying out and the associated warping of the inserts are avoided. In addition to the aforementioned preferably cellulose-containing materials for the insert, the intumescent adhesives also effectively cause premature melting or warping in door leaves with inserts that contain at least one mineral fiber board, in particular at least one mineral wool board.

According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that the thickness of the door leaf is between 39 mm and 60 mm, in particular a maximum of 50 mm +/-2 mm, preferably a maximum of 45 mm +/-2 mm. The protective effect of the intumescent adhesive is particularly noticeable on such thin doors, as thin doors begin to round more quickly than thicker doors (thickness > 60 mm) and cannot withstand the fire loads. Accordingly, the door leaves are particularly preferred door leaves for interior doors.

Furthermore, the object on which the invention is based is achieved by using an adhesive for producing a door leaf with an insert and cover layers glued to the insert, an intumescent adhesive being used to glue the cover layers to the insert. As already stated above, the intumescent adhesive has two effects in particular. On the one hand, it forms a fire-protective layer over the insert and prevents the effect of heat on the insert in the event of a fire, which prevents the insert from burning down prematurely and the door leaf becoming round and the resulting gap openings between the door leaf and the door frame. If the door leaf also has a frame made of frame bodies, the intumescent adhesive between the insert and the frame bodies, the insert with cover sides and frame bodies or between the frame bodies fills or covers gaps that arise during production during expansion, which also prevents the fire from breaking through Smoke is prevented through such gaps in the door leaf.

Intumescent adhesives can be designed in a wide variety of forms. An intumescent adhesive based on acrylate, styrene acrylate or polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) is particularly preferably used. The advantage of these adhesives is that they can be easily interchanged with today's common adhesives in the door industry. The intumescent adhesive is preferably water-dilutable, so that the devices are easy to clean during the manufacturing process.

According to a further development of the invention, it is also provided that the adhesives used are applied as a liquid. When applied, the adhesives preferably have a viscosity of between 800 mPas and 2500 mPas at 20 °C. This ensures that the currently commonly used adhesives can be easily replaced by the intumescent adhesive, since this can be applied, for example sprayed or rolled on, using the known and existing devices.

In order to achieve fire resistance EI 30 according to EN 1634-1, it is sufficient to use thin layers of adhesive, as the intumescent adhesive itself does not have to fill larger gaps, for example gaps that form between the door leaf and the door frame, but only a protective layer the deposit should form. In this respect, according to a further development of the invention, between 80 g/m ² and 500 g/m ² of the adhesive is applied to bond the cover layers to the insert.

Although some aspects have been described in connection with the door leaf, it is understood that these aspects also represent a description of the claimed use, so that a block or component of the described door leaf is also to be understood as a corresponding use step or as a feature of the use . Similarly, aspects that have been described in connection with use or as a step of use also represent a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of the door leaf.

• 1 schematisch im Querschnitt ein erfindungsgemäßes Türblatt mit einer Einlage und an beiden Hauptoberflächen der Einlage angeordneten Decklagen und zwischen den Decklagen angeordneten Rahmenkörpern;
• 2 schematisch im Querschnitt ein erfindungsgemäßes Türblatt mit einer Einlage und an beiden Hauptoberflächen der Einlage angeordneten Decklagen und an den Seitenkanten der Einlagen und Decklagen angeordneten Rahmenkörpern.

The invention is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. Show it

• 1 schematically in cross section a door leaf according to the invention with an insert and cover layers arranged on both main surfaces of the insert and frame bodies arranged between the cover layers;
• 2 schematically in cross section a door leaf according to the invention with an insert and cover layers arranged on both main surfaces of the insert and frame bodies arranged on the side edges of the inserts and cover layers.

1 shows schematically in a cross section a door leaf 1 according to the invention with an insert 3 and the frame body 4 comprising the insert 3. In this exemplary embodiment, four frame bodies 4 are arranged, which form a frame 11. Depending on the requirements for the door leaf, only two or three frame bodies may be arranged, which can also be understood as a frame 11. Due to the manufacturing process, narrow production-related gaps 5 have arisen between the frame bodies 4 and the insert 3, and possibly also between the frame bodies 4 in the area of the corners of the door leaf 1. Cover layers 6 are arranged on both sides, on the respective main surfaces 2 of the insert 3. The frame bodies 4 are arranged between the cover layers 6. The cover layers 6 are glued with an intumescent adhesive 7, here over the entire surface to the insert 3 and here additionally to the frame bodies 4. Decorative outer layers 8 are arranged on the outer sides 10 of the cover layers 6, which are glued to the cover layers 6 using adhesive 9 arranged in sections, here adhesive center points.

The frame bodies 4 can be made of different materials, but here they are made of wood and are so-called frame timbers. The insert 3 is a multi-layer sandwich panel, here a flax fiber panel glued together from several layers of flax. Alternatively, for example, chipboard, tubular chipboard, corresponding fiberboard made of other cellulose-based material, mineral fiber board or sandwich panels with a different structure can be used. The structural structure of the insert 3 often depends on the sound insulation values to be achieved. The cover layers 6 are made of hardboard, here with a thickness of 6 mm educated. Decoratively coated hardboard panels on the outside were used as decorative outer layers 8. A PVAC-based adhesive 7 was used as the intumescent adhesive 7 between the insert 3 and the cover layers 6, which was applied to the entire surface of the insert 2 or the cover layers 6 in the liquid state using conventional rolling devices. The cover layers 6 were then appropriately layered with the insert 3 and pressed together, for example in a conventional cycle press. The decorative outer layers 8 were either layered and glued directly or can also be glued to the cover layers 6 later, for example at a door manufacturer separate from the door leaf manufacturer. The decorative outer layers 8 are glued here selectively to the cover layers 6 in order to achieve better sound insulation performance. The adhesives 9 used to bond the decorative outer layers 8 to the cover layers 6 are currently conventional adhesives from the door industry, but alternatively, intumescent adhesives 7, in particular PVAC-based intumescent adhesives 7, can also be used here.

2 shows schematically in cross section a door leaf 1 according to the invention with an insert 3 and cover layers 6 arranged on both main surfaces 2 of the insert 3 and frame bodies 4 arranged on the side edges 12 of the insert 3 and cover layers 6. The essential differences in 2 illustrated embodiment, compared to that in 1 The embodiment shown is that the frame bodies 4 are designed as thin lippings, here approximately 6 mm thick, and are not arranged between the cover layers 6, but are arranged both on the side edges 12 of the insert 3 and on the side edges 12 of the cover layers 6 . Accordingly, the intumescent adhesive 7 is not arranged between the cover layers 6 and the side edges 12 of the frame body 4, but only between the insert 3 and the cover layers 6, although of course this is also the case in both embodiments for gluing the frame body 4 to the insert 3/the cover layers 6 intumescent adhesives 7 can be used.

Reference symbol list

1.

door leaf

2.

Main surfaces

3.

inlay

4.

frame body

5.

gap

6.

Cover layers

7.

intumescent adhesive

8th.

decorative outer layers

9.

Adhesives

10.

Outside

11.

framing

12.

side edge

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102010048575 A1 [0003]
• AT 007574 U2 [0004]

Claims (12)

Door leaf comprising a - insert (3) made of a plate-shaped material and - two cover layers (6), which are arranged on opposite main surfaces (2) of the insert (3) and are glued to the insert (3) with an adhesive (7), - characterized in that - the adhesive (7) is intumescent and expands when exposed to heat in order to protect the insert (3) from the heat. door leaf Claim 1 , characterized by a frame (11) made of frame bodies (4) extending around the insert (3). Door leaf according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover layers (6) are glued to the insert (3) over the entire surface. Door leaf according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the intumescent adhesive (7) is arranged for bonding the cover layers (6) to the insert (3). Door leaf according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one further cover layer and/or outer layer (8) is arranged on one or both cover layers (6), the further cover layers/outer layers (9) being at least partially connected to the cover layers (6). are glued using an intumescent adhesive (7). Door leaf according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert comprises a cellulose-based material board, in particular a material board based on a renewable raw material, for example a wood-based board and / or a material board based on an annual plant and or at least one flax board and in particular as chipboard, Tubular chipboard, fiberboard is formed and / or the insert contains a mineral fiber board, in particular a mineral wool board or the insert comprises a sandwich board with several layers of the aforementioned materials and structures, in particular with at least two identical layers. Door leaf according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the door leaf (1) is between 39 mm and 60 mm. Door leaf according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the door leaf (1) is designed for an interior door. Use of an adhesive (7) for producing a door leaf (1) having an insert (3) and cover layers (6) glued to the insert (3), characterized in that for gluing the cover layers (6) to the insert (3). intumescent adhesive (7) is used. Use after Claim 9 , characterized in that the intumescent adhesive (7) is based on acrylate, styrene-acrylate or PVAC. Use after at least one of the Claims 9 until 10 , characterized in that the intumescent adhesive (7) is applied as a liquid, in particular when applied has a viscosity between 800 mPas to 2500 mPas at 20 ° C. Use after at least one of the Claims 9 until 11 , characterized in that between 80 g/m ² and 500 g/m ² of the intumescent adhesive (7) are applied to bond the cover layers (6) to the insert (3).

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