DE102022105539A1 - Safety housing element for a battery intended for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a safety housing element (1) which is designed to at least partially delimit a battery cell space (6). It has an opening (8) and a gas cooling device (4) through which fluid can flow, which is placed in or on the opening (8) in such a way that a battery cell (7) of the battery (2) is released due to a special thermal event (14). ) outflowing hot gas (13) in order to flow from the battery cell space (6) into an environment (16) of the battery (2), inevitably flows in the outflow direction (15) through the gas cooling device (4) and thereby rises from a hot gas outlet temperature (Tx). a predetermined hot gas limit temperature (T1, T2, T3, T4, Tu) is cooled below a hot gas self-ignition temperature, for which the gas cooling device (4) has a flame arrester disk (17), the flame arrester disk material body (18) of which runs along the outflow direction (15) from a flame arrester opening (19). is completely penetrated, which has a cross-sectional area that is designed to be flame retardant.

Description

The present invention relates to a safety housing element for a battery, the battery being adapted for use in a motor vehicle. The battery is in particular a traction battery for an at least partially drivable or movable motor vehicle.

As soon as a battery cell of a battery of an electrically driven or movable motor vehicle malfunctions or is damaged (e.g. due to a traffic accident of the motor vehicle) and as a result overheats, in particular thermally runaway, a vent opening in the battery cell, usually designed as a predetermined crack point, from which a hot gas flows out, tears. which has a hot gas outlet temperature of 850 °C (degrees Celsius) and more as well as a particularly high flow velocity. When the hot gas comes into contact with atmospheric oxygen, it ignites because the hot gas outlet temperature corresponds to or is higher than a self-ignition temperature of the hot gas. This creates a flash of flame that ultimately emerges from a battery housing in which the battery cell is housed. The flash flame finds the lowest flow resistance at pressure compensation elements of the battery housing, so that it strikes through the pressure compensation elements into the surroundings of the battery housing. There, the flash flame causes further damage and also poses a danger to any occupants of the vehicle.

The DE 10 2019 219 792 A1 addresses this problem with a battery housing whose housing cover is filled with a fire protection insulation layer. The exhaust gas produced during a thermal event in a battery cell will be diverted via an integrated channel in the housing cover to one or more emergency degassing valves. The exhaust gas therefore emerges from this conventional battery housing without significant cooling, whereby the exhaust gas can cause further damage in the surroundings of the conventional battery housing due to its high temperature.

In the DE 10 2020 101 679 A1 It is proposed that the hot gas generated during a special thermal event in the housing interior of a conventional battery housing be directed through an expandable diverter device, whereby the hot gas, as it flows through the diverter device, expands the diverter device and is thereby cooled. However, if the hot gas has already ignited before it flows through the diverting device, i.e. in the interior of the housing, the diverting device is damaged and a flame is directed into the surroundings of the conventional battery housing.

Through the DE 10 2020 120 041 A1 A battery system for a motor vehicle is proposed, the battery housing of which has a predetermined degassing path with a spark arrester, which is designed to reduce a flow speed of a gas stream compared to an initial speed and to direct the gas stream along a surface of the spark arrester in order to supply energy to the gas stream to the extent remove that a temperature of the gas stream has dropped to a value below a predetermined limit temperature value when escaping into the environment. However, the gas stream may have ignited before reaching the spark arrester, burning off the spark arrestor and thus escaping to the outside in the form of a flash of flame.

It is the object of the invention to further increase the safety of a battery.

This task is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Further possible embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims, the description and the figures. Features, advantages and possible configurations set out in the description for one of the subject matter of the independent claims are at least analogous to the features, advantages and possible embodiments of the respective subject matter of the other independent claims and any possible combination of the subject matter of the independent claims, if applicable in conjunction with one or more of the subclaims.

According to the invention, a safety housing element for a battery is proposed. The battery is in particular a traction battery for a motor vehicle. The battery has a battery housing that encloses or delimits a battery cell space. The battery housing can be at least partially formed by the safety housing element, which means that the safety housing element is designed to at least partially limit the battery cell space. In the finished or ready-to-use state, the battery has the safety housing element as a battery housing or as part of the battery housing. When the motor vehicle is finished or ready for use, a component of the motor vehicle is formed by the battery, i.e. by the battery housing and consequently by the safety housing element. The motor vehicle is in particular a passenger car and/or truck, a motorcycle, etc.

The safety housing element has an opening and a gas cooling device through which fluid can flow, the gas cooling device being placed in or on the opening. If a special thermal event occurs in a battery cell of the battery, in particular a thermal runaway, hot gas flows out of the affected battery cell and thereby into the battery cell space. The battery cell space is usually filled with air, so that the gas flowing out of the battery cell during the special thermal event can self-ignite upon contact with atmospheric oxygen if it is hotter than a hot gas self-ignition temperature. Alternatively or additionally, the hot gas could ignite in the battery cell space from an ignition source generated by the special thermal event (spark, fire, etc. due to another damaged battery cell, etc.).

In order to release the hot gas flowing into the battery cell space during such a thermal special event into the surroundings of the battery or the battery cell housing, without uncontrolled bursting and/or burning of the battery housing and without a flash of flame striking the surroundings, the surroundings of the battery and the Battery cell space is fluidly connected to one another by means of the opening and the gas cooling device which is fluidically connected to the opening. The fluidically tight connection of the gas cooling device is to be understood here as meaning that the gas cooling device is placed in or on the opening in such a way that the hot gas flowing out of the battery cell of the battery - in order to flow out of the battery cell space into an environment of the battery - inevitably flows through in the outflow direction the gas cooling device flows. In other words, the hot gas is not able to escape between the opening and the gas cooling device.

The safety housing element, in particular the gas cooling device, has a flame arrester disk or several flame arrester disks, which can be arranged one behind the other in the outflow direction. The (respective) flame arrester disk has a flame arrester opening arrangement which has one flame arrester opening or more flame arrester openings. The flame arrester disk is penetrated by the flame arrester opening arrangement, that is to say by the at least one flame arrester opening or the multiple flame arrester openings. The respective flame arrester opening is in particular straight and arranged parallel to the outflow direction, so that the hot gas flows through the flame arrester opening arrangement, that is through the flame arrester opening or through at least some of the flame arrester openings, in the event of the special thermal event.

A respective cross-sectional area of the respective flame barrier openings is dimensioned such that a flame is prevented from passing through. In other words, the cross-sectional area, for example a circular disk-shaped cross-sectional area, of the respective flame arrester opening is designed to be flame-retardant. This is to be understood as meaning that the cross-sectional area has such an area that the hot gas is accelerated as it enters the respective flame arrester opening to at least a certain flow velocity which is greater than a combustion or burn-off velocity of the hot gas. The combustion or burning rate can also be referred to as the flame propagation rate. In this respect, the hot gas has a lower flow speed before entering the respective flame arrester opening, which can be lower than the flame propagation speed, so that it can happen that the hot gas burns before entering the respective flame arrester opening, i.e. has a flame. In order to flow out of the battery cell space, the hot gas flows into the respective flame arrester opening, which has a small flow volume compared to the battery cell space. When the hot gas enters the respective flame arrester opening, the hot gas is accelerated to the specific flow speed due to the smaller flow volume in accordance with fluid mechanics laws (continuity laws for fluids, “nozzle effect”, “Venturi effect”). As a result, any flame that may be present cannot propagate further in the outflow direction, that is, not into the respective flame arrester opening and not through the respective flame arrester opening, so that flameless hot gas flows out of the flame arrester disk or out of the flame arrester opening arrangement.

As the flameless hot gas flows through the flame arrester opening arrangement or the flame arrester opening(s), i.e. through the flame arrester disk, it also passes along a respective inner surface of the respective flame arrester opening, whereby it is cooled. This is because the flame arrester disk is formed from a material that promotes heat transfer from the hot gas into the flame arrester disk, that is, in particular into a flame arrester disk material body. The flame arrester disk therefore has a dual functionality: Firstly, the flame arrester disk acts as a blocking element for a flame that may be present in the battery cell space and is fed by the hot gas, and secondly, the flame arrester disk acts as a heat exchanger element, by means of which the hot gas flowing through the flame arrester disk is warmed up or cooled. In the case of a special thermal event, the hot gas is blocked by means of the flame arrester disk cooled from the hot gas outlet temperature to a first hot gas temperature. The first hot gas temperature that the hot gas has when it exits the flame arrester disk can already be a temperature that is lower than the hot gas self-ignition temperature. In other words, the first hot gas temperature can correspond to or be smaller than the predetermined hot gas limit temperature. For example, the flame barrier disk is designed to be correspondingly long or thick along the outflow direction.

1. a) in die Umgebung austretendem Heißgas, das sich aufgrund einer zu hohen Heißgastemperatur am Luftsauerstoff der Luft in der Umgebung zu einer Stichflamme entzündet, und vor
2. b) einer aus dem Batteriezellraum in die Umgebung schlagenden Stichflamme.

Auf diese Weise ist ein besonders effizienter Brand- bzw. Feuerschutz realisiert, wodurch Insassen des Kraftfahrzeugs, das mit der das Sicherheitsgehäuseelement aufweisenden Batterie ausgerüstet ist, in besonders vorteilhaftem Maße vor Brandverletzungen geschützt sind. Ein besonderer Vorteil des Sicherheitsgehäuseelements ist, dass es passiv funktioniert, also die Flammsperrscheibe weder eine externe Steuerung noch eine externe Energieversorgung erfordert. Werden/wird also eine Steuereinheit und/oder ein elektrisches Bordnetz des Kraftfahrzeugs, das die Batterie mit dem Sicherheitsgehäuseelement aufweist, beschädigt, etwa durch einen Unfall, ist mittels des Sicherheitsgehäuseelements gewährleistet - ein ungerissenes Batteriegehäuse vorausgesetzt -, dass von dem Batteriegehäuse keine Stichflamme ausgeht und dass das in die Umgebung strömende Heißgas maßgeblich gekühlt wird.The gas cooling device is thus set up - that is, designed and arranged - to keep the hot gas, which in the case of the special thermal event or during the special thermal event from the battery cell space into the environment, from a hot gas outlet temperature that the hot gas has when it exits the battery cell , to cool to a predetermined hot gas limit temperature that the hot gas has when it exits the gas cooling device. The hot gas limit temperature is lower than the hot gas self-ignition temperature. In addition, the gas cooling device is set up to block a hot gas flame (if the hot gas burns in the battery cell space). The safety housing element thus provides security in the event of a special thermal event

1. a) hot gas escaping into the environment, which ignites into a flash flame due to the atmospheric oxygen in the air in the environment due to the hot gas temperature being too high, and before
2. b) a flash of flame emanating from the battery cell space into the surrounding area.

In this way, a particularly efficient fire or fire protection is realized, whereby occupants of the motor vehicle, which is equipped with the battery having the safety housing element, are protected from burn injuries to a particularly advantageous extent. A particular advantage of the safety housing element is that it functions passively, meaning that the flame arrester disk requires neither an external control nor an external energy supply. If a control unit and/or an electrical system of the motor vehicle, which has the battery with the safety housing element, is damaged, for example due to an accident, the safety housing element ensures - assuming an uncracked battery housing - that no flash flame comes from the battery housing and that the hot gas flowing into the environment is significantly cooled.

In a further embodiment, the safety housing element, in particular the gas cooling device, has a gas cooling disk arrangement which is fluidically downstream of the flame barrier disk in the outflow direction. The gas cooling device has one gas cooling disk or more gas cooling disks. The gas cooling disk arrangement can comprise more than two such gas cooling disks. The respective gas cooling disk has a gas cooling opening arrangement which has one gas cooling opening or more gas cooling openings. The gas cooling disk is penetrated by the gas cooling opening arrangement, that is to say by the at least one gas cooling opening or the multiple gas cooling openings. The respective gas cooling opening is in particular designed to be straight and arranged parallel to the outflow direction, so that the hot gas flows through the gas cooling opening arrangement, that is to say through the gas cooling opening or through at least some of the gas cooling openings, in the event of a special thermal event. For this purpose, the gas cooling disk arrangement is positioned downstream of the flame arrester disk in such a way that the hot gas flowing out of the flame arrester opening or openings - that is, from the flame arrester opening arrangement or out of the flame arrester disk - inevitably flows through the gas cooling opening or openings of the gas cooling disk arrangement, i.e. through the gas cooling disk(s). . For this purpose, the gas cooling disk arrangement or a first gas cooling disk thereof and the flame barrier disk can, for example, connect directly to one another. As the hot gas flows through the gas cooling opening arrangement, i.e. through the gas cooling disk arrangement or the gas cooling disk(s), it sweeps along a respective inner surface of the respective gas cooling opening of the gas cooling opening arrangement, whereby it is further cooled. This is because the gas cooling disk arrangement, that is to say its gas cooling disk(s), is/are formed from a material that promotes heat transfer from the hot gas into the at least one gas cooling disk, that is to say in particular into a gas cooling disk material body. By means of the gas cooling disk arrangement, the hot gas is cooled to the hot gas limit temperature below the hot gas self-ignition temperature if the first hot gas temperature is higher than the hot gas self-ignition temperature or equal to the hot gas self-ignition temperature. In any case, the hot gas is further cooled by means of the gas cooling disk arrangement, so that the hot gas has an even lower temperature when it emerges from the gas cooling disk arrangement, whereby it enters the environment, than when it exits the flame barrier disk.

In general, the respective flame arrester and/or gas cooling opening of the corresponding opening arrangements is, for example, a flame arrester or gas cooling disk, i.e. hole penetrating the corresponding material body. It is also conceivable that the respective opening arrangement is formed by primary shaping of the corresponding material body. Other cutting and/or non-cutting manufacturing processes for producing the openings are also conceivable, for example laser cutting, water jet cutting, etc. The material of the respective material body, i.e. the material of the respective pane, is a particularly efficiently heat-conducting material, in particular a Metal or a metal alloy. The flame barrier disk and the at least one gas cooling disk can be formed from the same material or from different materials. In general, it also applies to the safety housing element that the respective cross-sectional area of the respective flame arrester or gas cooling opening can be designed according to a circle. The respective flame arrester or gas cooling opening is therefore designed according to a straight hollow circular cylinder. These openings can furthermore have a differently shaped cross-sectional area, such as an oval, elliptical or polygonal cross-sectional area and/or a cross-sectional area which has oval, elliptical and/or polygonal portions along its outer contour. Thus, one or more of the flame arrester openings and/or one or more of the gas cooling openings can be, for example, a slot.

In a further possible embodiment of the safety housing element, a material or a material mixture of the flame barrier disk is designed such that it remains dimensionally stable when heated by the hot gas flowing out of the battery cell. As a result, the flame arrester functionality of the flame arrester disk is retained, even if the hot gas flowing towards the flame arrester disk during a special thermal event in the battery cell space acts on the flame arrester disk or the flame arrester disk material body, even if the hot gas is already ignited, that is, has a flame. Internal studies have shown that copper is particularly advantageous for the flame arrester disc.

In a further embodiment it is provided that the gas cooling disk arrangement is made of a different material than the flame barrier disk, wherein the material of the gas cooling disk arrangement - i.e. the material of the gas cooling disk (s) - is designed such that the (respective) gas cooling disk when heated by the Hot gas flowing out of the flame arrester disc remains dimensionally stable. In this respect, the material of the gas cooling disks does not have to have as high a resistance to thermal influences as the material of the flame barrier disk. Accordingly, aluminum, for example, comes into question for the (respective) gas cooling disks. The security housing element can thus be produced with particularly little effort. In addition, if a particularly light material is selected for the gas cooling disk(s), the gas cooling device can be designed to be particularly mass-efficient.

According to a further possible embodiment of the safety housing element, the gas cooling disk arrangement has a first gas cooling disk and a second gas cooling disk. The second gas cooling disk is fluidically downstream of the first gas cooling disk in the outflow direction in such a way that the hot gas flowing out of the flame barrier disk or from the flame arrester openings of the flame arrester opening arrangement at the first hot gas temperature, in order to flow into the environment of the battery, inevitably first passes through one or more of the gas cooling openings flows through the first gas cooling disk, thereby being cooled to a second hot gas temperature, and then flows through one or more of the gas cooling openings of the second gas cooling disk, thereby being cooled to a third hot gas temperature. For this purpose, the gas cooling disks can connect or border one another directly. If, in the case of the thermal special event, the hot gas already has a temperature between the flame barrier disk and the first gas cooling disk or between the first gas cooling disk and the second gas cooling disk, which is lower than the hot gas self-ignition temperature, the hot gas is due to the flow through the gas cooling disk fluidically connected downstream in the outflow direction (n) gradually cooled further. At least the third hot gas temperature is a temperature that is lower than the hot gas self-ignition temperature. In other words, at the latest when it flows out of the second gas cooling disk, i.e. when it flows into the environment, the hot gas has a temperature that corresponds to the predetermined hot gas limit temperature or is smaller than the hot gas limit temperature. Depending on requirements, another or more gas cooling disks can be connected downstream of the gas cooling disks described here in order to further cool the hot gas. As a result, the hot gas advantageously has a particularly low temperature when entering the environment, that is to say when exiting the gas cooling device, in particular from the second gas cooling disk.

In a further possible embodiment, the cross-sectional area (a ₁ ) or its cross-sectional area content of the respective flame arrester and / or gas cooling opening and an inner lateral surface (a ₂ ) or its inner lateral surface area of the same opening are in a predetermined mathematical relationship with one another, such that the Inner lateral surface is large enough to cool the hot gas flowing past it with the flow velocity predetermined by the cross-sectional area from a hot gas inflow temperature to a predetermined hot gas outflow temperature. The hot gas inflow temperature is held by the hot gas as it flows in or before it flows into the corresponding one of the flame arrester or gas cooling disks, whereby the hot gas has the hot gas outflow temperature as it flows out after flowing out of the corresponding one of the disks. The cross-sectional area and the inner surface area are therefore related by means of a given mathematical function: $$\text{f}\left({\text{a}}_1\right)={\text{a}}_2\text{or f}\left({\text{a}}_2\right)={\text{a}}_1$$

For example, it can be provided that the mathematical function establishing the predetermined relationship between the cross-sectional area (a ₁ ) and the inner lateral surface (a ₂ ) is a completely rational, in particular linear function, a power function or an exponential function.

In this way, a particularly efficient cooling or heat removal of the hot gas ejected from the battery cell due to the special thermal event is ensured by the expected flow speed that the hot gas has in the corresponding opening and a cooling contact surface - namely the inner surface on which the hot gas in the corresponding opening - are adapted to one another or coordinated with one another. This prevents a portion of the hot gas that does not come into direct contact with the inner surface as it flows through the corresponding opening from being insufficiently cooled.

According to a possible further development, the security housing element has a channel element that is placed in or on the opening. The channel element has an inner jacket wall which delimits a channel. The channel element can be formed entirely or partially, for example, by a hose and/or a pipe, the open ends of which are spaced apart from one another over a channel or pipe length. The channel element can be completely straight along its channel length or have at least one curve. It is further provided that the gas cooling device is held in the channel in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or material-locking manner, so that during the special thermal event the hot gas - in order to flow into the surroundings of the battery or the battery housing - through the channel element or its Channel and inevitably flows through the gas cooling device held/arranged in the channel. This means that the inner jacket wall and the flame barrier disk as well as the inner jacket wall and the gas cooling disk arrangement are each fastened to one another in a fluidly tight manner, so that the hot gas is prevented from flowing past between the flame barrier disk or the gas cooling disk arrangement and the inner jacket wall. It is conceivable that the channel element penetrates a housing wall element of the security housing element, so that the free ends of the channel or tube protrude from both sides of the housing wall element. In particular, it is provided that the channel element only protrudes into the environment on the outside, i.e. from an outer surface of the housing wall element, with the open ends of the channel element facing the housing wall element and the opening coinciding. In this respect, the opening of the safety housing element can be formed by the corresponding open end of the channel element.

The hot gas flowing out of the battery cell space through the opening during the special thermal event and thereby flowing into the channel can be directed to a preferred exit point by means of the channel element, in that the channel element is designed to be correspondingly long and with a corresponding geometry. In addition, the channel element creates a holder for the gas cooling device, whereby it is particularly securely fixed.

In a further possible embodiment, the safety housing element has a coolant chamber that can be filled or filled with a coolant and an inlet device that can be fluidly connected or connected thereto. This comprises an inlet element or more inlet elements, with the respective inlet element opening through the inner jacket wall into the channel and being adjustable from a blocking position to an inlet position. The blocking position is characterized in that the coolant chamber and the channel are fluidly sealed from one another by means of the inlet element or elements. In contrast, the inlet position is characterized in that the coolant chamber and the channel are fluidly connected to one another by means of the inlet element or inlet elements, so that the coolant flows from the coolant chamber into the channel. This further cools the hot gas flowing through the channel into the area around the battery. The coolant can be, in particular, water. Using a different coolant is also conceivable.

A further development of the safety housing element provides that its channel element has an outer jacket wall which surrounds the inside The jacket wall is arranged around and at a distance from it, such that the coolant chamber is formed between the jacket walls of the channel element and encloses the inner jacket wall. For example, the channel element can be designed according to a hollow cylinder or hollow prism. In the finished or ready-to-use state, the coolant chamber accommodates a coolant jacket, in particular a water jacket, between the inner jacket wall and the outer jacket wall when the coolant chamber has been filled accordingly with the coolant. In this way, complex supply elements between a coolant reservoir arranged elsewhere and the inlet element can advantageously be dispensed with.

According to a further possible embodiment of the safety housing element, the inlet element of the inlet device has a through opening penetrating the inner jacket wall and a sealing element. In the blocking position of the inlet device, the sealing element seals the through-opening in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting fluid manner, whereas in the inlet position of the inlet device, the through-opening is opened for the cooling liquid to flow through by means of the sealing element. The inlet device is arranged in its blocking position for as long as a coolant temperature is in a normal temperature range. The inlet device can be adjusted from the blocking position to the inlet position by heating the coolant arranged in the coolant chamber using the hot gas flowing out of the battery cell of the battery. This means that the inlet device can be adjusted to the inlet position due to the special thermal event. During operation of the safety housing element or the battery equipped with the safety housing element, whether the coolant is admitted into the channel by means of the inlet device depends causally on the presence of the special thermal event. If the special thermal event occurs, due to the heating of the coolant in accordance with thermodynamic laws, the sealing element, which is designed, for example, as a plug sitting in or on the side of the inner jacket wall at the through-opening, is driven out of the through-opening and into the channel, whereby As a result, the coolant can flow into the channel. This makes it particularly easy to introduce the cooling liquid into the channel for particularly efficient cooling of the hot gas.

In a further development of the safety housing element, the sealing element has a material that loses its dimensional stability at a material temperature that is above the normal temperature range of the coolant. For example, the material of the sealing element, in particular its sealing element material body, is designed and/or selected such that it has a melting point that is above the normal temperature range of the coolant. The material of the sealing element can be, for example, a metallic, plastic and/or waxy substance that becomes pasty or liquid as soon as it is exposed to a temperature by means of the coolant and/or by means of the inner wall element that is not the case during normal operation of the battery occurs, but occurs due to the special thermal event. This creates a particularly simple and yet particularly reliable way to introduce the coolant into the channel during the special thermal event.

In order to further support the cooling of the hot gas, according to a further possible embodiment, the flame barrier disk and the gas cooling disk arrangement are spaced apart from one another in the channel along the outflow direction via a first gas cooling chamber, which is delimited on the one hand by the flame barrier disk and on the other hand by the gas cooling disk arrangement and transversely to the outflow direction is limited by the inner jacket wall of the channel element. This means that in the case of a special thermal event, the hot gas flows out of the flame arrester disk and, as a result, initially flows into the first gas cooling chamber. There the hot gas finds a larger volume compared to the volume of the flame arrester opening arrangement, so that the hot gas is expanded while flowing into the first gas cooling chamber. According to thermodynamic laws, this leads to further cooling of the hot gas and thereby to a particularly reliable prevention of flame formation outside the battery housing or downstream of the flame arrester disk.

In order to advantageously further cool the hot gas escaping into the surroundings of the battery during the special thermal event, a further embodiment of the safety housing element provides that two gas cooling disks of the gas cooling disk arrangement, which follow one another along the outflow direction - for example the first gas cooling disk and the second gas cooling disk and/or or the second gas cooling disk and the third gas cooling disk - are spaced apart from one another in the channel along the outflow direction via a (respective) further gas cooling chamber, which is delimited along the outflow direction by the successive gas cooling disks and is delimited transversely to the outflow direction by the inner jacket wall of the channel element. In other words: the gas cooling disk arrangement has the first and at least the second gas cooling disk, the further (for example a second) gas cooling chamber being arranged between the first gas cooling disk and the second gas cooling disk. If the gas cooling disk arrangement has a further, for example a third, gas cooling disk, the second and the third gas cooling disk can be spaced apart from one another via a further gas cooling chamber, for example a third gas cooling chamber. The function and advantage(s) of the further gas cooling chamber(s) correspond analogously to the function and advantage(s) of the first gas cooling chamber.

According to a possible development of the safety housing element, at least one of the inlet elements of the inlet device opens directly into the further gas cooling chamber, that is, for example between the first gas cooling disk and the second gas cooling disk into the second gas cooling chamber. In addition, it can be provided that another/further inlet element of the inlet device opens directly into another, for example into the third gas cooling chamber. Furthermore, it cannot be ruled out that a further/different inlet element opens directly into the first gas cooling chamber, i.e. between the first gas cooling disk and the flame arrester disk. This results in a particularly strong cooling effect in that the hot gas in the further gas cooling chamber (that is, in the second gas cooling chamber and/or in the third gas cooling chamber) is cooled by the expansion and at the same time by the cooling liquid flowing into the further gas cooling chamber.

According to a further possible embodiment, the coolant chamber can have a coupling device, whereby the coolant chamber is set up to be fluidically coupled to an external coolant circuit, in particular of the motor vehicle and/or a battery system to which the battery belongs, so that the coolant chamber can be connected by means of the external Coolant circuit can be fed. In order to avoid that in the event of damage to the coolant circuit, for example due to an accident, the coolant flows out of the coolant chamber before it can be introduced into the channel, the coupling device can have a check valve element, through which the coolant can flow into the coolant chamber is, but flow of the coolant out of the coolant chamber is blocked. This means that the coolant chamber can be supplied with coolant particularly efficiently. This makes servicing the coolant or the coolant chamber particularly easy.

The coolant chamber can - in an alternative embodiment - be designed to be fluid-tight on all sides in the finished manufactured state, apart from the inlet device, and filled with the coolant. This means that the coolant chamber is then maintenance-free and there is no need to replace or refill the coolant chamber with coolant.

As has emerged from the description up to this point, a fluid can flow through the gas cooling device. This means that hot gas can flow through the gas cooling device not only in the event of a special thermal event, but also during normal operation. The gas cooling device can thus be used in conjunction with conventional pressure compensation devices which are provided for pressure compensation between the surroundings of the battery and the battery cell space, with a functionality of the conventional pressure compensation element and a functionality of the gas cooling device not influencing each other. Alternatively, in a further possible embodiment it is provided to use the safety housing element as a pressure compensation element for the battery. In particular, the safety housing element can be used instead of conventional pressure compensation elements, whereby the safety housing element, in particular the gas cooling device, can be used in a particularly versatile or flexible and multifunctional manner. This makes it possible to have a battery housing with a particularly few different components, which means that the battery housing can be manufactured particularly economically and ecologically. This advantage is passed on to the battery itself and to the motor vehicle equipped with the battery.

According to the invention, a battery is further proposed whose battery housing has a safety housing element designed according to the above description.

Also according to the invention, a motor vehicle is proposed which has a battery designed in accordance with the above description.

Further features of the invention can emerge from the claims, the figures and the description of the figures. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description as well as the features and combinations of features shown below in the description of the figures and/or in the figures alone can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without the scope of the invention to leave.

• 1 eine perspektivische Schnittansicht einer Batterie für ein Kraftfahrzeug, wobei die Batterie ein Sicherheitsgehäuseelement mit einer Gaskühleinrichtung aufweist;
• 2 eine schematische und geschnittene Detailansicht eines Bereichs A, der in 1 markiert ist;
• 3 eine perspektivische und teilweise Ansicht der Batterie, deren Sicherheitsgehäuseelement mehrere Gaskühleinrichtungen aufweist;
• 4 eine Ansicht eines Kraftfahrzeugs, das mit der Batterie (schematisch dargestellt) ausgerüstet ist; und
• 5 mögliche Ausführungsformen einer Flammsperrscheibe bzw. Gaskühlscheibe in einer jeweiligen Draufsicht, wobei je nach Ausführungsform Flammsperröffnungen bzw. Gaskühlöffnungen unterschiedlich ausgebildet sind.

The drawing shows in:

• 1 a perspective sectional view of a battery for a motor vehicle, the battery having a safety housing element with a gas cooling device;
• 2 a schematic and sectioned detailed view of an area A, which is in 1 is marked;
• 3 a perspective and partial view of the battery, the safety housing element of which has a plurality of gas cooling devices;
• 4 a view of a motor vehicle equipped with the battery (shown schematically); and
• 5 possible embodiments of a flame barrier disk or gas cooling disk in a respective top view, with flame barrier openings or gas cooling openings being designed differently depending on the embodiment.

A safety housing element 1, a battery 2 designed as an example of a traction battery and a motor vehicle 3 are presented in a joint description below. In the figures, identical and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

1 shows a perspective sectional view of the battery 2 for the motor vehicle 3, the battery 2 having the safety housing element 1 with a gas cooling device 4. The battery 2 has a battery housing 5, which has the safety housing element 1 and is thus partially formed in the present case by the safety housing element 1. The battery housing 5 delimits a battery cell space 6, in which battery cells 7 are arranged, of which only one is shown in the drawing here. A channel element 9, which has an inner jacket wall 10 and an outer jacket wall 11, is connected in a fluid-tight manner to an opening 8 of the battery housing 5, in this case the safety housing element 1. Through the inner jacket wall 10, the channel element 9 forms a channel 12, into which the gas cooling device 4 is inserted and fixed there. As a result, in the present example, the gas cooling device 4 is attached to the opening 8 in such a way that a hot gas 13, which flows out of one or more of the battery cells 7 due to a special thermal event 14, in particular a thermal runaway, and thereby flows into the battery cell space 6, inevitably flows in Outflow direction 15 flows through the channel 12 and consequently inevitably flows through the gas cooling device 4 in order to flow out of the battery cell space 6 into an environment 16 of the battery 2. By means of the gas cooling device 4, the hot gas 13 is cooled from a hot gas outlet temperature Tx, which is in particular higher than a hot gas self-ignition temperature at which the hot gas 13 would ignite upon contact with oxygen, in particular atmospheric oxygen, to a predetermined hot gas limit temperature Tu. The hot gas limit temperature Tu is lower than the hot gas self-ignition temperature.

In the present case, in the battery 2, the safety housing element 1 functions as a pressure compensation element, so that a functionality of a conventional pressure compensation element is taken over by the safety housing element 1, in particular by its gas cooling device 4. Therefore, the present battery 2 dispenses with a further conventional pressure compensation element. In other words: in the present example, the battery 2 is designed to be free of conventional pressure compensation elements, since the conventional pressure compensation element or elements are replaced by a safety housing element 1 or more safety housing elements 1. Accordingly, for normal operation of the battery 2 - that is, as long as the thermal special event 14 does not occur - a pressure equalization between the environment 16 of the battery 2 and the battery cell space 6 is created by means of the safety housing element 1.

The gas cooling device 4 has a flame arrester disk 17, the flame arrester disk material body 18 of which is completely penetrated parallel to the outflow direction 15 by a flame arrester opening arrangement 20 having a plurality of straight flame arrester openings 19. Because the respective cross-sectional area a ₁ of the flame barrier openings 19 is dimensioned such that a flame cannot pass through, the flame barrier disk 17 has at least a flame-retardant effect during the special thermal event. In addition, the hot gas 13 is cooled from the hot gas outlet temperature T _x to a first hot gas temperature T ₁ by flowing through the flame arrester disk 17, that is, through the flame arrester opening arrangement 20.

To block or lock the flame of the hot gas 13 that occurs during the special thermal event 14 so that it does not emerge from the battery cell space 6, the cross-sectional area a ₁ , which in the present case has the shape of a circular disk, of the respective flame arrester opening 19 is dimensioned to be flame-retardant. This is to be understood as meaning that the cross-sectional area a ₁ has such a large or small surface area that the hot gas 13 is accelerated at least to a certain flow speed when it enters the respective flame arrester opening 19, which is greater than a combustion or burn-off speed of the Hot gas 13 is. The combustion or burning rate can also be referred to as the flame propagation rate. In this respect, the hot gas 13 has a lower flow velocity before entering the respective flame arrester opening 19, which can be lower than the flame propagation velocity, so that it can happen that the hot gas 13 burns before entering the respective flame arrester opening 19, i.e. has a flame. In order to flow out of the battery cell space 6, the hot gas 13 flows into the respective flame arrester opening 19, which has a small flow volume compared to the battery cell space 6. When the hot gas 13 enters the respective flame arrester opening 19, the hot gas 13 is accelerated to the specific flow velocity due to the smaller flow volume in accordance with fluid mechanical laws. As a result, any flame that may be present cannot propagate further in the outflow direction 15, that is, not into the respective flame arrester opening 19 and not through the respective flame arrester opening 19, so that flameless hot gas 13 flows out of the flame arrester disk 17 or out of the flame arrester opening arrangement 20.

Furthermore, the gas cooling device 4 in the present case has a gas cooling disk arrangement 21, which has at least one gas cooling disk - here three gas cooling disks 22, 23, 24. The gas cooling disk arrangement 21 is fluidically connected downstream of the flame arrester disk 17, so that the hot gas 13 flowing out of the flame arrester opening arrangement 20 or out of the flame arrester disk 17 inevitably flows through the gas cooling disk arrangement 21. This means that the respective gas cooling disk 22, 23, 24 has a respective gas cooling opening arrangement 25, which has a plurality of gas cooling openings 26, the respective gas cooling opening 26 running straight and parallel to the outflow direction 15. The gas cooling disks 22, 23, 24 are arranged one behind the other in the channel 12 along the outflow direction 15 of the flame barrier disk 17. The respective flame arrester opening 19 and/or gas cooling opening 26 of the corresponding opening arrangements 20, 25 is formed in the present case by means of water jet cutting.

The cross-sectional area a ₁ (see 2 ) of the respective opening 19, 26, which penetrates the flame barrier disk 17 or the corresponding gas cooling disk 22, 23, 24, and an inner surface a ₂ (see 2 ) of the same opening 19, 26 are in a predetermined mathematical relationship with one another, such that the inner surface area a ₂ is large enough for the hot gas 13 passing by it at the flow speed predetermined by the cross-sectional area _a 1 to have a hot gas inflow temperature, for example can be the hot gas outlet temperature Tx, the first hot gas temperature T ₁ , the second hot gas temperature T ₂ , or the third hot gas temperature T ₃ , to cool to a predetermined hot gas outflow temperature. The hot gas outflow temperature is, for example, the first hot gas temperature T ₁ , the second hot gas temperature T ₂ , the third hot gas temperature T ₃ , the fourth hot gas temperature T ₄ or the hot gas limit temperature Tu. The hot gas inflow temperature has the hot gas 13 under the inflow or before flowing into the corresponding one of the disks 17, 22, 23, 24, the hot gas 13 having the hot gas outflow temperature while flowing out after flowing out of the corresponding one of the disks 17, 22, 23, 24.

As the hot gas 13 flows through the first gas cooling disk 22, it is cooled from the first hot gas temperature T ₁ to a second hot gas temperature T ₂ . With a subsequent flow of the hot gas 13 through the second gas cooling disk 23, it is further cooled to a third hot gas temperature T ₃ . By subsequently flowing the hot gas 13 through the third gas cooling disk 24, it is cooled to a fourth hot gas temperature T ₄ . In the present example, a last gas cooling disk 24 and thus an outflow element of the gas cooling device 4 is formed by the third gas cooling disk 24 in the outflow direction 15.

It is conceivable that the first hot gas temperature T ₁ is already smaller than the hot gas auto-ignition temperature. Then the hot gas 13 is additionally cooled as it flows through the gas cooling disks 22, 23, 24, so that the hot gas 13 advantageously has a temperature when it exits the gas cooling device 4, which is particularly far away from the hot gas self-ignition temperature. In any case, the hot gas 13 has a temperature which corresponds to or is below the hot gas limit temperature Tu at the latest when it leaves the gas cooling device 4, that is to say when it enters the environment 16. The hot gas limit temperature Tu is always specified so that the hot gas 13 does not self-ignite when it exits the gas cooling device 4 when it mixes with the air in the environment 16.

In the present example, a material of the flame barrier disk 17, that is to say the flame barrier disk material body 18, is copper or an alloy that largely contains copper. As a result, the flame barrier disk 17 remains dimensionally stable at least up to and including a temperature that the hot gas 13 flowing out of the battery cell 7 during the special thermal event 14 has. This will open the flame arrester opening Order 20 is not deformed during the special thermal event 14 and continues to provide the flame barrier effect even under strong thermal influence.

The gas cooling disc arrangement 21 can be formed from the same material as the flame barrier disc 17 or the flame barrier disc material body 18. In the present case, the gas cooling disc arrangement 21 is formed from a different material than that of the flame barrier disc material body 18, namely - but only mentioned as one of many conceivable examples - from aluminum . In general, the gas cooling disks 22, 23, 24 have a respective gas cooling disk material body 27, 28, 29, which are each made of aluminum or at least contain aluminum. Alternatively, it can be provided that the gas cooling disks 22, 23, 24 or gas cooling disk material bodies 27, 28, 29 individually or in groups have a different or further material. In any case, the material of the gas cooling disk material body 27 of the first gas cooling disk 22 is designed such that it remains dimensionally stable at least up to and including a temperature that the hot gas 13 flowing out of the flame barrier disk 17 has.

Out of 1 It can also be seen that the safety housing element 1 in the present case has a coolant chamber 30, which is formed, for example, between the jacket walls 10, 11 of the channel element 9. For this purpose, the jacket walls 10, 11 - in the present case in the radial direction of the channel element 9 - are spaced apart from one another, so that the coolant chamber 30 is delimited in the radial direction by the jacket walls 10, 11. The coolant chamber 30 is fluidly coupled or can be coupled to an inlet device 31 and can be filled with a coolant (not shown), for example water, for which purpose, as in 1 shown by way of example, has a coupling device 32, by means of which the coolant chamber 30 is fluidically coupled to an external coolant circuit 33, in the present case of the motor vehicle 3. As a result, during operation of the motor vehicle 3, that is to say during operation of the coolant circuit 33, coolant is pumped towards the coolant chamber 30 and pumped into the coolant chamber 30 at least once for the initial filling. The coupling device 32 may have a check valve element 34 to prevent the coolant from flowing through the coupling device 32 and out of the coolant chamber 30, for example if the coolant circuit 33 has been damaged.

In an alternative embodiment, the coolant chamber 30 in the finished state is designed to be fluid-tight on all sides, apart from the inlet device 31, and is filled with the coolant. It is, for example, conceivable that a cover 35 closes the coolant chamber 30 in a force-fitting, form-fitting and/or cohesive, fluid-tight manner after the coolant chamber 30 has been filled with the coolant. The lid 35 can also be attached before filling with the coolant and have a filling element 36, such as a filler opening, a filler neck, etc., in order to be able to fill the coolant into the coolant chamber 30. In any case (regardless of whether the coolant chamber 30 is connected to the coolant circuit 33 or not), the cover 35 in the present case has a dual functionality in that, on the one hand, it fluidly seals the coolant chamber 30 along the outflow direction 15 and, on the other hand, acts as a clamping element 37, by means of the channel element 9 is tensioned on a housing wall element 38 of the safety housing element 1 or the battery housing 5.

In 1 It can also be seen that the safety housing element 1 in the present case has three gas cooling chambers 39, 40, 41, which are arranged along the outflow direction 15 and are delimited transversely to the outflow direction 15 by the inner jacket wall 10. The first gas cooling chamber 39 is limited along the outflow direction 15 on the one hand by the flame barrier disk 17 and on the other hand by the first gas cooling disk 22. The second gas cooling chamber 40 is delimited along the outflow direction 15 on the one hand by the first gas cooling disk 22 and on the other hand by the second gas cooling disk 23. Analogously, the third gas cooling chamber 41 is delimited along the outflow direction 15 on the one hand by the second gas cooling disk 23 and on the other hand by the third gas cooling disk 24.

With reference to 2 , which is a schematic and sectioned detailed view of an area A (see 1 ) shows, the inlet device 31 will be explained further. It can be seen that the inlet device 31 has at least one inlet element 42, in this case a plurality of inlet elements 42. The respective inlet element 42 here has a through opening 43, which penetrates the inner jacket wall 10 in the radial direction, that is, transversely to the outflow direction 15. The respective through-opening 43, i.e. the respective inlet element 42, thus opens into the channel 12. One or more of the inlet elements 42 or one or more of the other through-openings 43 open/open directly into the second gas cooling chamber 40. It is over 1 It can further be seen that in the present example one or more of the other inlet elements 42 or one or more of the other through openings 43 open/open into the third gas cooling chamber 41. In addition, one or more of the other through openings 43 or inlet elements 42 open out at the top half of the outflow element, that is above the third gas cooling disk 24 into the channel 12.

The inlet device 31, that is, the respective inlet element 42, can be adjusted from a blocking position, which the inlet device 31 or the respective inlet element 42 holds during normal operation of the battery 2, into an inlet position due to the occurrence of the special thermal event 14. Normal operation is characterized by the fact that the battery 2 is operated within normal operating parameters, whereby the special thermal event 14 has not occurred. The coolant then has temperatures that are to be expected during normal operation. In other words, during normal operation of the battery, the coolant has 2 temperatures that fall within a normal temperature range. In the blocking position, the coolant chamber 30 and the channel 12 are fluidly sealed from one another by means of the respective inlet element 42, so that flow of the coolant out of the coolant chamber 30 and into the channel is blocked. In the inlet position, the coolant chamber 30 and the channel 12 are fluidly connected to one another by means of the respective inlet element 42, so that the coolant can flow out of the coolant chamber 30 and into the channel.

For example, the inlet device 31 has a number of sealing elements 44 for this purpose, namely as many sealing elements 44 as there are through openings 43. The respective sealing element 44 corresponds to an associated through opening 43 in size and geometry. The sealing element 44 is in the blocking position of the inlet device 31 - that is, in normal operation of the battery 2 without a special thermal event 14 - placed in or on the associated through opening 43, whereby the through opening 43 is fluidically blocked by means of the sealing element 44 against flow through with the coolant. Due to the special thermal event 14, the inlet device 31 can now be adjusted from the blocking position to the inlet position by the hot gas 13 heating the coolant arranged in the coolant chamber 30, whereby a pressure in the coolant chamber 30 is increased. If the pressure in the coolant chamber 30 reaches a pressure limit and/or the pressure limit in the coolant chamber 30 is exceeded, the sealing elements 44, if necessary through the through openings 43, into the channel 12, in particular into the corresponding one of the gas cooling chambers 39, 40, 41. driven and the cooling liquid flows into the channel 12, in particular into the corresponding one of the gas cooling chambers 39, 40, 41. There the cooling liquid mixes with the hot gas 13 and cools it.

For this purpose, a sealing element material body 45 of the respective sealing element 44 has, for example, a material that loses its dimensional stability at a material temperature that is above the normal temperature range of the coolant. For example, a positive connection between the through opening 43 and the associated sealing element 44 that prevails during normal operation of the battery 2 can be dissolved when the sealing element 44 is heated due to the special thermal event 14 and as a result significantly begins to flow. A possible material for the sealing element material body 45 is, for example, a material that has wax properties. Furthermore, an alloy is conceivable that has a melting point that is above the normal temperature range of the coolant.

3 shows a perspective and partial view of the battery 2, the safety housing element 1 of which has several gas cooling devices 4. It can be seen that the respective channel element 9 has the cover 35, which functions as a clamping element 37. In addition, in the present example, the respective channel element 9 is clamped to the housing wall element 38 via a base 46. Here, four tension devices 47 are provided for each channel element 9, not all of which are provided with the corresponding reference numerals for reasons of clarity. For example, and as in 1 and 3 shown, the respective tensioning device 47 has a tensioning element, such as a threaded bolt, which extends straight outwards from the housing wall element 38 parallel to the outflow direction 15 and thereby extends through a corresponding tensioning element receptacle of the cover 35. Above the cover 35, the tension element is fastened by means of a fastening element, for example a screw element, whereby the cover 35 is tensioned by means of the fastening element in the direction towards the housing wall element 38, the tension tension elements each being loaded in tension between the fastening element and the housing wall element 38 .

In 4 the motor vehicle 3 is shown, which has the battery 2 and consequently the safety housing element 1. In the present case, the motor vehicle 3 is a passenger car which is designed to be at least partially electrically movable. Accordingly, the motor vehicle 3 is, for example, a hybrid motor vehicle or a purely electrically powered motor vehicle (“electric car”). In any case, the motor vehicle 3 has an electrical machine designed as a traction motor 48, which is operated by means of the battery rie 2 electrical energy is provided in order to accelerate the motor vehicle 3, for example with increasing speed. In 4 Furthermore, the external coolant circuit 33 is shown, which has, for example, a heat exchanger unit 49 in order to cool the coolant circulating in the coolant circuit 33. The coolant circuit 33 can alternatively or in addition to feeding the coolant chamber 30 be connected to a device or more devices of the motor vehicle 3, for example with an interior air conditioning device 50 and / or with one or more of the battery cells 7 (only some in 4 shown) for tempering or conditioning the same.

5 shows - not exhaustively - possible embodiments of a flame barrier disk 17 or gas cooling disk 22, 23, 24 in a respective top view, that is, in or against the outflow direction 15 (in 5 Not shown). It can be seen that the flame arrester openings 19 or gas cooling openings 26 can be designed differently. According to option a), the openings 19, 26 can be circular. Consequently, in this possibility, the cross-sectional area a ₁ of the respective opening 19, 26 has a circular disk as a cross-sectional figure. The respective opening 19, 26 is then a hollow circular cylinder. According to options b) and c), the openings 19, 26 can be polygonal. Accordingly, in these options, the cross-sectional area a ₁ of the respective opening 19, 26 has a polygon as a cross-sectional figure; the respective opening 19, 26 is therefore a hollow prism. In option d), two of the disks 17, 22, 23, 24, which have the same shape, are rotated relative to one another about the outflow direction 15 along the outflow direction 15, which results in a particularly efficient cooling performance in order to cool the hot gas 13 or while flowing through the corresponding openings 19, 26.

Overall, the safety housing element 1, the battery 2 and the motor vehicle 3 show a respective possibility of how the safety of the battery 2 can be increased. Particular attention has been paid to protecting the occupants of the motor vehicle 3 if the special thermal event 14 occurs in the battery 2.

As soon as a battery cell 7, for example a lithium cell, within the battery becomes defective and overheats, so that a ventilation opening in the battery cell 7 tears, the approximately 850 ° C hot gas 13 is thrown out at high speed and ignites as soon as it reaches air (oxygen), in a violent flame. The means of the invention cools the hot gas 13 and prevents a fire by creating an area from which the flame or the burning hot gas 13 cannot escape. This area is battery cell room 6.

Reference symbol list

1

Security enclosure element

2

battery

3

motor vehicle

4

Gas cooling device

5

Battery case

6

Battery cell room

7

Battery cell

8th

opening

9

Channel element

10

Inner jacket wall

11

Outer jacket wall

12

channel

13

Hot gas

14

thermal special event

15

Outflow direction

16

Vicinity

17

Flame barrier washer

18

Flame barrier disc material body

19

Flame arrestor opening

20

Flame arrestor opening arrangement

21

Gas cooling disk arrangement

22

Gas cooling disc

23

Gas cooling disc

24

Gas cooling disc

25

Gas cooling vent arrangement

26

Gas cooling opening

27

Gas cooling disk material body

28

Gas cooling disk material body

29

Gas cooling disk material body

30

Coolant chamber

31

Inlet device

32

Coupling device

33

external coolant circuit

34

Check valve element

35

Lid

36

Filling element

37

Clamping element

38

Housing wall element

39

Gas cooling chamber

40

Gas cooling chamber

41

Gas cooling chamber

42

Inlet element

43

Passage opening

44

Sealing element

45

Sealing element material body

46

base

47

Tension device

48

traction motor

49

Heat exchanger unit

50

Interior air conditioning device

a1

Cross sectional area

a2

Inner lateral surface

Tx

Hot gas outlet temperature

Do

Hot gas limit temperature

T1

Hot gas temperature

T2

Hot gas temperature

T3

Hot gas temperature

T4

Hot gas temperature

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102019219792 A1 [0003]
• DE 102020101679 A1 [0004]
• DE 102020120041 A1 [0005]

Claims (10)

Safety housing element (1) for a battery (2) intended for a motor vehicle (3), which is designed to at least partially delimit a battery cell space (6) and which has an opening (8) and a gas cooling device (4) through which fluid can flow, which is placed in or on the opening (8), such that a hot gas (13) flowing out of a battery cell (7) of the battery (2) due to a special thermal event (14) flows out of the battery cell space (6) into an environment (16) of the battery (2), inevitably flows in the outflow direction (15) through the gas cooling device (4) and thereby from a hot gas outlet temperature (Tx) to a predetermined hot gas limit temperature (T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ , Tu ) is cooled below a hot gas self-ignition temperature, for which the gas cooling device (4) has a flame barrier disk (17) which is completely penetrated along the outflow direction (15) by a flame barrier opening (19) which has a cross-sectional area which is dimensioned to be flame retardant. Safety housing element (1). Claim 1 , characterized in that the gas cooling device (4) has a gas cooling disk arrangement (21) which is downstream of the flame barrier disk (17) in the outflow direction (15) in such a way that the hot gas (13) flowing out of the flame arrester opening (19) inevitably flows through a gas cooling opening (26) flows through the gas cooling disk arrangement (21) and thereby from a first hot gas temperature (T ₁ ), which the hot gas (13) has after it flows out of the flame barrier disk (17), to the hot gas limit temperature (T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ , Tu) is cooled below the hot gas auto-ignition temperature. Safety housing element (1). Claim 2 , characterized in that the gas cooling disk arrangement (21) has a first gas cooling disk (22) and a second gas cooling disk (23), which is downstream of the first gas cooling disk (22) in the outflow direction (15) in such a way that the gas cooling disk (17) comes out of the flame barrier disk (17). The hot gas (13) flowing out of the first hot gas temperature (T ₁ ) in order to flow into the environment (16) of the battery (2) inevitably first flows through a gas cooling opening (26) of the first gas cooling disk (22), thereby reaching a second hot gas temperature ( T ₂ ) is cooled and then flows through a gas cooling opening (26) of the second gas cooling disk (23), whereby it (13) is cooled to a third hot gas temperature (T ₃ ). Security housing element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-sectional area (a ₁ ) of the respective opening (19, 26) and an inner lateral surface (a ₂ ) of the same opening (19, 26) are in a predetermined mathematical relationship with one another, such that the inner surface area (a ₂ ) is large enough to allow the hot gas (13) flowing past it at the flow speed predetermined by the cross-sectional area (a ₁ ) from a hot gas inflow temperature (T _x , T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ ,) to one predetermined hot gas outflow temperature (T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ , T ₄ , T _u ) to cool. Security housing element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a channel element (9) placed in or on the opening (8), the inner jacket wall (10) of which delimits a channel (12) in which the gas cooling device (4) is held in such a way that that the hot gas (13) flowing into the environment (16) of the battery (2) inevitably flows through the gas cooling device (4) while flowing through the channel (12). Safety housing element (1). Claim 5 , characterized by a coolant chamber (30) filled with a coolant and an inlet device (31) fluidly connected thereto, the inlet element (42) of which opens through the inner jacket wall (10) into the channel (12) and from a blocking position in which the coolant chamber (30) and the channel (12) are fluidly sealed from one another, can be adjusted into an inlet position in which the coolant flows from the coolant chamber (30) into the channel (12). Safety housing element (4). Claim 6 , characterized in that the inlet element (42) of the inlet device (31) has a through opening (43) penetrating the inner jacket wall (10) and a sealing element (44) which, in the blocking position, in which a coolant temperature is in a normal temperature range, the through opening (43) seals fluidly, the inlet device (31) being adjustable into the inlet position by heating the coolant arranged in the coolant chamber (30) by means of the hot gas (13) flowing out of the battery cell (7) of the battery (2), whereby the Sealing element (44) releases the through opening (43). Security housing element (1) according to one of the Claims 2 until 4 and one of the Claims 5 until 7 , characterized in that the flame barrier disk (17) and the gas cooling disk arrangement (21) are spaced apart from one another in the channel (12) along the outflow direction (15) via a first gas cooling chamber (39), which on the one hand through the flame barrier disk (17) and on the other hand the gas cooling disk arrangement (21) is limited and is limited transversely to the outflow direction (15) by the inner jacket wall (10) of the channel element (9). Security housing element according to one of the Claims 5 until 8th , characterized in that two gas cooling disks (22, 23/23, 24) of the gas cooling disk arrangement (21) which follow one another along the outflow direction (15) are separated from one another in the channel (12) along the outflow direction (15) via a further gas cooling chamber (40/41). are spaced apart, which is limited along the outflow direction (15) by the successive gas cooling disks (22, 23/23, 24) and is delimited transversely to the outflow direction (15) by the inner jacket wall (10) of the channel element (9). Safety housing element (1). Claim 9 and one of the Claims 6 until 8th characterized in that an inlet element (42) of the inlet device (31) opens directly into the further gas cooling chamber (40/41).

Images