DE102022104942A1 - Electrical energy store with a particle filter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical energy store (10) for a motor vehicle, having a plurality of battery cells (11), each of which has a degassing element (12) for discharging gas. Furthermore, the electrical energy store (10) has a filter body (13) which is arranged opposite the respective degassing elements (12) and is preferably used to filter out particles from the discharged gas and/or is designed to absorb energy from the discharged gas. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle with an electrical energy store (10) of the same type.

Description

The invention relates to an electrical energy store for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle with such an electrical energy store.

Conventional battery cells, in particular lithium-ion battery cells as z. B. find application in vehicle batteries, can come under overload and / or as a result of a defect in a thermally difficult to control state. This can lead to gas formation and the build-up of a dangerous internal pressure inside the battery cells, which can ultimately lead to the cells bursting or exploding.

For this reason, corresponding battery cells often have so-called degassing elements, which are designed to release gases that are produced inside the respective battery cell in a controlled manner when a predetermined gas pressure is present from the respective battery cell. The corresponding degassing elements can e.g. B. be designed as pressure relief valves and / or bursting discs.

The problem in this context, however, is that the gas released as a result of a thermal runaway of a battery cell often has a high temperature of over 1000° C. in some cases. If the gas flow is not discharged or cooled, other (e.g. neighboring) battery cells can be plugged in due to the high temperatures, which in turn release hot gas, so that this chain reaction can ultimately lead to the entire battery being destroyed.

In addition, particles (e.g. electrically conductive metal particles) are often entrained in the gas discharged during degassing. These can settle on the contacts of (still) intact battery cells and/or reduce clearances and creepage distances within the traction battery to such an extent that short circuits can occur, which in turn can induce the thermal runaway of other battery cells.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing an improved energy store, by means of which the disadvantages of the previous solutions can preferably be avoided. It is preferably an object of the invention to provide an energy store that is as safe as possible, in which reliable functioning of the remaining cells is ensured even in the event of a thermal runaway of one or more battery cells.

These objects can be solved with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and applications of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims and are explained in more detail in the following description with partial reference to the figures.

According to a first independent aspect, an electrical energy store for a motor vehicle, preferably a utility vehicle (such as a truck or bus), is provided. The electrical energy store has a number of battery cells (e.g. lithium-ion battery cells). The multiple battery cells each include a degassing element (e.g., a pressure relief valve and/or a rupture disc) for venting gas. The respective degassing elements are preferably designed to discharge gases that are produced within the respective battery cell (e.g. as a result of a defect) from the respective battery cell when a predetermined gas pressure is present.

Furthermore, it is provided that the electrical energy store has a filter body, preferably a metal foam body. The filter body is arranged, preferably directly, opposite the respective degassing elements. In other words, the filter body and the respective degassing elements are preferably located opposite one another, preferably without further components being arranged between the filter body and the respective degassing elements. For example, the filter body can be arranged over the multiple battery cells, whose respective degassing elements are each oriented upwards. The filter body and the respective degassing elements can z. B. only be separated by an air gap. The filter body is preferably used to filter out particles (e.g. metal splinters and/or drops of electrolyte) from the gas discharged (e.g. from one or more degassing elements). Accordingly, the filter body can also be referred to as a particle filter. By providing a corresponding filter body, conductive particles in particular can advantageously be “caught” from the gas released (e.g. as a result of a thermal runaway) or bound in the filter body, whereby short circuits as a result of the gas release can be avoided as far as possible. In addition or as an alternative, the filter body can preferably also be designed to absorb energy (e.g. heat) from the discharged gas. For example, the filter body can be made of a good heat conductor (e.g. metal). In an advantageous manner, a “thermal sink” can be provided by means of which the temperature of the outflowing gas can be reduced, which means that further cells in the cell can be infected Case of a thermal runaway of the battery cells can be avoided in an advantageous manner as possible.

According to a further aspect, the filter body can be arranged above the plurality of battery cells. In other words, the filter body can be arranged higher up in the electrical energy store than the plurality of battery cells.

In addition or as an alternative, the filter body can be arranged at a distance from the multiple battery cells. For example, the filter body can be separated from the multiple battery cells by an air gap.

Additionally or alternatively, the filter body may not be in direct contact with the multiple battery cells. That is, the filter body and the plurality of battery cells should preferably not touch directly.

According to a further aspect, the filter body can be made of a heat-resistant material. That is, the filter body can be made of a material that is resistant to high temperatures. The material of the filter body is preferably resistant to such temperatures as are typically to be expected in the event of a thermal runaway of one of the battery cells. The material or the filter body is preferably resistant to temperatures above 500.degree. C., preferably above 750.degree. C., particularly preferably above 1000.degree.

Additionally or alternatively, the filter body can be made of ceramic and/or metal.

Additionally or alternatively, the filter body can comprise a metal foam and/or a ceramic foam. That is, the filter body can preferably comprise a cell structure made of metal and/or ceramic with gas-filled pores, the pores making up a large part of the volume (e.g. >60%). Although the term "foam" is sometimes used in the literature for cells with a closed-cell morphology, i. i.e. structures whose individual gas pockets are separated from one another by membranes and are therefore not connected to one another, the term metal or ceramic foam in the context of the present disclosure should primarily include open-cell structures - which are sometimes also referred to as "sponge" in the literature . In other words, the term metal or ceramic foam should preferably also designate gas-permeable and/or porous structures in which the cavities of the cells (e.g. due to the partial absence of cell walls) are connected to one another. In a preferred embodiment, the filter body is a metal foam body, preferably gas-permeable and/or porous, or a metal part, preferably gas-permeable and/or porous. Alternatively, the filter body can be a preferably gas-permeable and/or porous ceramic foam body or a preferably gas-permeable and/or porous ceramic part.

According to a further aspect, the filter body can be flat (e.g. rectangular or cuboid). That is, the filter body may preferably have an elongated shape, preferably within a horizontal plane. For example, the filter body can have a smaller thickness in relation to its length and width. In a preferred embodiment, the filter body can be plate-shaped. That is, the filter body may preferably have the shape of a plate. As a result, a large filter surface can be accommodated in an advantageous manner in a space-saving manner.

According to a further aspect, the filter body can be porous. In other words, the filter body can preferably be permeated by cavities (=pores) that have been intentionally introduced during production. The filter body is preferably open-pored. In other words, the filter body can preferably have cavities which are connected to one another and to the environment. In a preferred embodiment, the filter body has a pore size of less than 5 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.5 mm. In addition or as an alternative, the filter body can be gas-permeable. Reliable filtration of the gas can thereby be ensured in an advantageous manner.

According to a further aspect, the filter body (e.g. on its underside) can have an exposed side surface. In other words, the filter body can preferably have a surface that limits its shape and is not covered and/or encased. The side surface can face the degassing elements. In other words, the side surface is preferably oriented in the direction of the degassing elements. Provision is preferably made here for the gas discharged (e.g. as a result of thermal runaway) to be able to penetrate into the filter body over the entire lateral surface of the filter body. As a result, the largest possible gas intake can be achieved in an advantageous manner.

In another aspect, the filter body may be thermally coupled to a heat sink (e.g., a cold plate). In other words, the filter body can preferably be thermally conductively connected to a body which is primarily designed to absorb and/or dissipate heat. The heat sink preferably serves to cool the filter body and/or to absorb heat introduced into the filter body. According to the from the gas discharged from the battery cells, heat is first extracted from the filter body, which is then released from the filter body to the heat sink. The filter body is thus preferably used to cool the discharged gas and/or to absorb heat from the discharged gas. In a preferred embodiment, the heat sink is plate-shaped. That is, the heat sink may preferably have a flat shape, the thickness of which is small in relation to its other dimensions. For example, the heat sink can be a solid metal plate.

According to a further aspect, the heat sink can comprise a (e.g. rectangular and/or cuboid) temperature control plate through which a (e.g. liquid) heat transfer medium can flow. For example, the tempering plate can have one or more (e.g. meandering) channels for this purpose, in which the heat transfer medium can be guided. The heat transfer medium can be water and/or glycol, for example. Furthermore, the tempering plate can have appropriate fluid connections (e.g. for connecting to a cooling circuit). Reliable cooling or dissipation of heat can thereby be ensured in an advantageous manner.

In order to protect the heat sink (e.g. the tempering plate) from local temperature peaks and/or to ensure that heat is introduced into the heat sink over as large an area as possible, the electrical energy store can—according to a further aspect—further comprise a carrier plate to which the filter body is attached is. For example, the filter body can be non-positively, materially and/or positively connected to the carrier plate (e.g. a steel plate). Furthermore, the filter body can be thermally coupled to the heat sink via the carrier plate. In other words, the support plate is preferably arranged between the filter body and the heat sink. Advantageously, the heat sink can be protected as reliably as possible from excessive thermal loads, especially if it also includes materials (e.g. due to a more complex configuration) which could be damaged at the temperatures to be expected in the event of a thermal runaway of one of the battery cells to be protected.

According to a further aspect, the filter body can have a directional structure, so that gas entering the filter body is prevented from flowing back and/or is guided along a preferred direction in the filter body. In this way, the most reliable protection possible for the battery cells can be achieved in an advantageous manner, since the hot gas stream can be conducted away from the battery cells as a result of the aforementioned configuration.

According to a further aspect, the filter body can have a stepped shape. In other words, the filter body can preferably have one or more steps and/or stepped transitions. The stepped shape preferably results from regions of the filter body having different thicknesses.

Additionally or alternatively, the filter body can have at least one first area with a first thickness and at least one second area with a second thickness. The first thickness and the second thickness can be different. The second thickness is preferably greater than the first thickness. Furthermore, the at least one first region can be arranged above electrical contacts of the multiple battery cells. In other words, the at least one first region is preferably arranged directly above electrical contacts of the battery cells. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one second area can be arranged above degassing elements of the battery cells. In other words, the at least one second area is preferably arranged directly above the degassing elements of the battery cells. This advantageously ensures that the filter material is distributed as required in the energy store.

According to a further aspect, the multiple battery cells can be arranged in the form of multiple, preferably braced, battery cell stacks. For example, the multiple battery cells can be arranged in the form of multiple battery cell stacks, each with 15 battery cells. The battery cells of a battery cell stack can preferably each be stacked along a stacking direction.

In this case, the filter body can extend over the multiple battery cell stacks. In other words, the filter body can preferably cover the multiple battery cell stacks and/or have a lateral extent that is greater than or equal to a lateral extent of the multiple battery cell stacks.

In addition or as an alternative, the filter body can also be designed in the form of a plurality of filter body segments. That is, the filter body can be designed in several parts. The corresponding filter body segments can, for. B. pairs adjacent to each other and / or adjacent to each other. In a preferred embodiment, one of the multiple filter body segments is assigned to one of the multiple battery cell stacks. That is, a number of filter body segments can be equal to a number of battery cell stacks. The respective filter body segments can here z. B. each run directly over one of the battery cell stack and / or be arranged.

According to a further aspect, the electrical energy store can have a housing. The housing can be closed. The housing can B. be essentially cuboid. The several battery cells and/or the filter body can be arranged within the housing. That is to say, the plurality of battery cells and/or the filter body are preferably encased by the housing, e.g. B. to protect against moisture or other environmental influences. In a preferred embodiment, the housing comprises a (z. B. plate-shaped) housing cover to which the filter body is attached.

According to a further aspect, the filter body can extend over at least 50%, preferably over at least 70%, particularly preferably over at least 90%, of a length of the housing. Additionally or alternatively, the filter body can extend over at least 50%, preferably over at least 70%, particularly preferably over at least 90%, of a width of the housing. The information “length” and/or “width” here preferably relates to dimensions of the housing within a horizontal, i. H. orient perpendicular to the direction of gravity, plane.

Furthermore, the disclosure relates to a motor vehicle, having an electrical energy store, as is described in this document. The features described in this document in connection with the electrical energy store should also be disclosed and claimable in connection with the motor vehicle. The same should also apply vice versa. The motor vehicle can z. B. be an electrically driven motor vehicle. The motor vehicle is preferably a commercial vehicle (eg a truck or bus). A commercial vehicle can preferably be understood to mean a vehicle which, due to its design and equipment, is specially designed for transporting people, for transporting goods or for towing trailer vehicles. For example, the commercial vehicle can be a truck, a semitrailer, a construction site vehicle and/or an agricultural machine (e.g. a tractor).

• 1A: eine schematische Darstellung eines elektrischen Energiespeichers gemäß einer Ausführungsform;
• 1 B: eine schematische Darstellung des elektrischen Energiespeichers von 1A für den Fall eines thermischen Durchgehens einer der Batteriezellen;
• 2A: eine schematische Darstellung eines elektrischen Energiespeichers gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 2B: eine schematische Darstellung eines elektrischen Energiespeichers gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform; und
• 3: eine schematische Darstellung eines elektrischen Energiespeichers gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform.

The aspects and features of the invention described above can be combined with one another as desired. Further details and advantages of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

• 1A 1: a schematic representation of an electrical energy store according to an embodiment;
• 1 B : a schematic representation of the electrical energy store of 1A in the event of a thermal runaway of one of the battery cells;
• 2A 1: a schematic representation of an electrical energy store according to a further embodiment;
• 2 B 1: a schematic representation of an electrical energy store according to a further embodiment; and
• 3 1: a schematic representation of an electrical energy store according to a further embodiment.

The embodiments shown in the figures correspond at least in part, so that similar or identical parts are provided with the same reference symbols and, for their explanation, reference is also made to the description of the other embodiments or figures in order to avoid repetition.

The 1 until 3 each show (in a side view) an electrical energy store 10 (also called a battery pack) for a motor vehicle (not shown separately). The motor vehicle can, for. B. be a truck, a bus, a construction machine, an agricultural machine or a passenger car.

As a traction battery, the energy store 10 can provide electrical energy for at least one electric drive unit for driving the motor vehicle. For example, the motor vehicle can be driven by means of a central electric drive, by means of several electric wheel hub drives or several electric drives close to the wheel. The energy store 10 can be designed as a high-voltage energy store. The high-voltage energy storage can, for. B. with a DC voltage between 60 V and 1.5 kV, particularly preferably between 400 V and 850 V, operated or be operable. The energy store 10 can be charged externally via an electrical charging cable connected to a charging socket of the motor vehicle.

The energy store 10 can, for. B. be attached to a vehicle frame or roof of the motor vehicle. The energy store 10 can preferably be attached to an outer longitudinal side of one of the main side members of a vehicle frame of the motor vehicle designed as a ladder frame. Alternatively, the energy store 10 can be attached, for example, between the two main side members of a vehicle frame of the motor vehicle designed as a ladder frame.

The energy store 10 has a plurality of (e.g. prismatic) battery cells 11 . The multiple battery cells 11 can, for. B. Lithium-ion battery be ricellen. The plurality of battery cells 11 may each include a cell case. The plurality of battery cells 11 can each have electrical contacts 17, e.g. B. include a plus and minus contact. The cell housing can include a cover plate through which the electrical contacts 17 penetrate.

The plurality of battery cells 11 can be arranged in the form of one or more battery cell stacks 11a, 11b (e.g. with 15 battery cells each). The battery cells 11 of a battery cell stack 11a, 11b should preferably each be stacked along a stacking direction. The respective stacking direction can be freely selected, e.g. B. horizontally. All battery cell stacks 11a, 11b preferably have the same stacking direction. That is, the battery cell stacks 11a, 11b can be arranged parallel to one another. The battery cells 11 of a battery cell stack 11a, 11b can be pressed together. The battery cells 11 of a battery cell stack 11a, 11b can form a battery module or be grouped into a battery module.

The plurality of battery cells 11 each have a degassing element 12 for discharging gas. The respective degassing elements 12 can, for. B. be designed as pressure relief valves and / or bursting discs. The respective degassing elements 12 are preferably formed within the respective battery cell 11, e.g. B. within the cell housing, gases produced in the presence of a predetermined gas pressure from the respective battery cell 11 to drain. The respective degassing elements 12 can thus serve to protect the respective battery cell from damaging excess pressure. The respective degassing elements 12 can be arranged (e.g. on the cover plate) between the respective electrical contacts 17 of the battery cells 11 . The degassing elements 12 of the multiple battery cells 11 can all be oriented in the same direction. For example, the degassing elements 12 can all be oriented upwards.

Furthermore, the energy store 10 has a filter body 13 . The filter body 13 preferably serves to filter gas discharged from one or more degassing elements 12 . The filter body 13 is particularly preferably used to filter out particles (e.g. metal splinters and/or drops of electrolyte) from the (e.g. as a result of - in 1B gas illustrated by the solid arrows - thermal runaway 20 released. In this way, conductive particles in particular from the discharged gas can advantageously be bound in the filter body 13, whereby short circuits (e.g. due to a reduction in air and creepage distances due to particles deposited on the electrical contacts 17 as a result of the gas release) are avoided as far as possible. Correspondingly, the filter body 13 can also be referred to as a particle filter. Furthermore, the filter body 13 can also serve to cool the discharged gas and/or to absorb heat from the discharged gas, which will be described in more detail below.

For this purpose, the filter body 13 is preferably made of a heat-resistant material. The filter body 13 can, for example, be a metal foam body or a ceramic foam body. In other words, the filter body 13 can be a body made of metal or ceramic, which is traversed by cavities (=pores) that have been purposefully introduced during manufacture. The filter body 13 is preferably open-pored. That is, the corresponding cavities or pores can be connected to one another and to the outside. Correspondingly, the metal or ceramic foam body can also be referred to as a metal or ceramic sponge body.

The filter body 13 can, for example, be essentially cuboid. Alternatively, however, the filter body 13 can also have a different shape. The filter body 13 can be delimited by several side surfaces. The filter body 13 can include a side surface 13.1, referred to below as the first side surface, which faces the degassing elements 12. The first side surface 13.1 can be a base surface or underside surface of the filter body 13, for example. The first side face 13.1 is preferably exposed. That is, the first side surface 13.1 is preferably not covered and/or enclosed. In addition, the filter body 13 can include additional side surfaces, e.g. B. a side surface referred to below as the second side surface, which is oriented or arranged opposite to the first side surface 13.1. The second side surface can, for. B. a top surface or top surface of the filter body 13 may be. The filter body 13 can, for example, be fastened via the second side surface, which will be described in more detail below.

It is provided that the filter body 13 is arranged, preferably directly, opposite the respective degassing elements 12 . That is, the filter body 13 and the respective degassing elements 12 are preferably located opposite one another, preferably in such a way that no further components are arranged between the filter body 13 and the respective degassing elements 12 (cf. e.g. 1A) . For example, the first side surface 13.1 of the filter body 13 and the degassing elements 12 can face each other. An air gap is preferably provided between the plurality of battery cells 11 and the filter body 13 or the first side surface. In other words, the filter body 13 is preferably arranged at a distance from the multiple battery cells 11 . However, it is also possible for the filter body 13 to be in direct contact with the battery cells 11 (eg resting on them, not shown) at least in sections (eg in the region of the degassing elements 12).

Furthermore, the electrical energy store 10 can have a housing 18 . The housing 18 can serve to protect against moisture, dirt and/or other environmental influences. The housing 18 can, for example, be closed. The housing can be made of a metal alloy or plastic, for example. The housing 18 can include a plurality of side walls, a housing cover 18a and/or a housing base 18b. The housing can B. be essentially cuboid. The multiple battery cells 11 and/or the filter body 13 can be arranged within the housing 18 . In other words, the multiple battery cells 11 and/or the filter body 13 are preferably encased by the housing.

Furthermore, the filter body 13 can be attached to the housing cover 18a. For example, the filter body 13 can be welded, soldered and/or glued to the housing cover 18a. The filter body 13 can, for. B. be connected via the second side surface to the housing cover 18a or be in contact with the housing cover 18a via the second side surface. Correspondingly, the filter body 13 can be arranged above the plurality of battery cells 11 .

The filter body 13 can also be designed in one piece (cf. e.g. 1A) . That is, the filter body 13 can consist of only one part of the filter body. The one-piece filter body 13 preferably spans all battery cells 11 and/or degassing elements 12.

As an alternative to this, the filter body 13 can also be designed in several parts (cf. 2A and 2 B) . Correspondingly, the filter body 13 can also have several, in this case z. B. two filter body segments 13a and 13b. The filter body segments 13a and 13b can be arranged at a distance from one another or at least partially touch directly. The plurality of filter body segments 13a and 13b can in turn each comprise a first side face 13.1, which faces the degassing elements 12, and/or comprise a second side face, which is oriented or arranged opposite to the first side face 13.1. The respective filter body segments 13a and 13b can be held (eg on the housing cover 18a) via the respective second side faces.

In a preferred embodiment, one of the plurality of filter body segments 13a, 13b is assigned to one of the plurality of battery cell stacks 11a, 11b, in the side view of FIG 2A and 2 B only a last battery cell 11 of the respective battery cell stack 11a, 11b is visible. A number of filter body segments 13a, 13b is preferably equal to a number of battery cell stacks 11a, 11b. Particularly preferably, the respective filter body segments 13a, 13b each extend along their associated battery cell stack 11a, 11b. That is, a longitudinal direction of the respective filter body segments 13a, 13b can be oriented along the respective stacking direction.

The filter body 13 and/or the filter body segments 13a, 13b can also each be of flat design (e.g. cuboid). That is, the filter body 13 and/or each of the filter body segments 13a, 13b can preferably have a smaller thickness in relation to its length and width. For example, the filter body 13 can be essentially plate-shaped. That is, the filter body 13 and/or each of the filter body segments 13a, 13b can preferably have the shape of a plate (cf. e.g. 2A) . Furthermore, the filter body 13 can extend over at least 50%, preferably over at least 70%, particularly preferably over at least 90%, of a length of the housing 18 . In addition or as an alternative, the filter body 13 can extend over at least 50%, preferably over at least 70%, particularly preferably over at least 90%, of a width of the housing 18 . For example, the filter body 13 can essentially extend from one side surface to a side surface of the housing 18 opposite these side surfaces.

The filter body 13 and/or each of the filter body segments 13a, 13b can also have a stepped shape (cf. 2 B) . That is to say, the filter body 13 and/or each of the filter body segments 13a, 13b can preferably have a shape (e.g. as a result of areas of different thickness) which includes a gradation. For example, the filter body 13 and/or each of the filter body segments 13a, 13b can have at least one first region 16a with a first thickness and at least one second region 16b with a second thickness for this purpose. The first thickness and the second thickness can be different. The second thickness is preferably greater than the first thickness. Furthermore, the at least one first area 16a or the respective at least one first area 16a can be arranged above the electrical contacts 17 of the plurality of battery cells 11 . In addition or as an alternative, the at least one second area 16b or the respective at least one second area 16b can be arranged above the degassing elements 12 of the battery cells 11 . The filter body 13 and/or each of the filter body segments 13a, 13b can thus have a hat-shaped profile (eg on one of its end faces).

Additionally or alternatively, the first side surface 13.1 of the filter body 13 can have a structured area. The structured area preferably has a contour that is designed to be shape-matched to an outer contour of the battery cells 11 . For example, the structured area can have a contour that is shape-matched to an outer contour of the cover plate or a battery cell section facing the first side surface 13.1. The same can also apply to the first side surface 13.1 of the respective filter body segments 13a, 13b.

Furthermore, the filter body 13 can be thermally coupled to a heat sink 14 (eg a cooling plate). In other words, the filter body 13 can preferably be connected in a thermally conductive manner to a body which is primarily designed to absorb heat, in particular from the filter body 13 . The heat sink 14 can be substantially plate-shaped. For example, the heat sink 14 can be a metal plate. In this case one can also speak of passive cooling. In a preferred embodiment, the heat sink 14 has the housing cover 18a (cf. 1B) . I.e., the z. B. in the case of a thermal runaway 20 of a plurality of battery cells by the hot gas (solid arrows) discharged via the corresponding degassing element 12 in the filter body 13 heat can (e.g. by means of heat conduction) at least partially given off to the housing cover 18a as a heat sink 14 (dotted arrows). The heat can then be dissipated from the housing cover 18a to the environment. For the most reliable possible heat transfer between the filter body 13 and the housing cover 18a or heat sink 14, the filter body 13 can be thermally coupled to the housing cover 18a (e.g. via the largest possible contact surface). For the most reliable possible heat transfer between the discharged (hot) gas and the filter body 13 and thus the most reliable possible cooling of the gas through the filter body 13, it is preferably provided that the filter body 13 is made of a material that conducts heat well (e.g. metal).

Additionally or alternatively, the heat sink 14 can comprise a temperature control plate 14a through which a (e.g. liquid) heat carrier can flow (cf. e.g. 3 ). For this purpose, the tempering plate 14a can have one or more channels (eg, meandering) (not shown), in which the heat transfer medium can be guided. The heat transfer medium can be water and/or glycol, for example. Furthermore, the temperature control plate 14a can have appropriate fluid connections (for example for connecting to a cooling circuit of the motor vehicle). Since the heat in the tempering plate 14a can be dissipated in a targeted manner via the circulating heat transfer medium, one can also speak of active cooling of the filter body 13 in this context.

The tempering plate 14a can only serve to cool the filter body 13 . In a preferred variant, however, the temperature control plate 14a is also used to cool further battery cells 11, preferably in the case where the electrical energy store comprises a plurality of stacked levels of battery cells 11 (cf. 3 ). For example, the temperature control plate 14a can have a first temperature control surface and a second temperature control surface, it being possible for the second temperature control surface to be arranged opposite to the first temperature control surface. For example, the temperature control plate 14a can be oriented horizontally and the first temperature control surface can be oriented upwards and the second temperature control surface can be oriented downwards. The first tempering surface can be connected to the additional battery cells 11 or thermally coupled to additional battery cells 11 . The second tempering surface can be connected to the filter body 13 or thermally coupled to the filter body 13 . That is, the tempering plate 14a can be arranged between the filter body 13 and the other battery cells 11 . For example, the filter body 13 can be in mechanical and/or thermal contact with the second temperature control surface via its second side surface. Correspondingly, the temperature of the additional battery cells 11 can be controlled “from below” by the temperature control plate 14a, while the temperature of the filter body 13 can be controlled “from above” by the temperature control plate 14a. In this context, the tempering plate 14a can also be referred to as an “intermediate floor” or “climatic floor”.

Optionally, the electrical energy store 10 can also include a carrier plate 15 (cf. 3 ). The support plate 15 can be used to protect the temperature control plate 14a from local temperature peaks and/or to ensure that heat is introduced into the temperature control plate 14a over as large an area as possible. The carrier plate 15 can be arranged between the filter body 13 and the heat sink 14 or the tempering plate 14a. Correspondingly, the carrier plate 15 can have a first carrier plate side and a second carrier plate side, it being possible for the second carrier plate side to be oriented opposite to the first carrier plate side. For example, the carrier plate 15 can be oriented horizontally and the first carrier plate side can be oriented upwards and the second carrier plate side can be oriented downwards. The first support plate side can be connected to the heat sink 14 or the tempering plate 14a. The second carrier plate side can be connected to the filter body 13 . For example, the second support plate side can be connected to the second side face of the filter body 13 . For example, the filter body 13 can be fastened to the second side of the carrier plate in a non-positive, material and/or form-fitting manner. The filter body 13 can be thermally coupled to the heat sink 14 or temperature control plate 14a via the carrier plate 15 . The carrier plate 15 preferably has a higher temperature or heat resistance than the tempering plate 14a.

Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention should not be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but should include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. In particular, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and the features of the subclaims independently of the claims referred to.

Reference List

10

Electrical energy storage

11

battery cells

11a, 11b

battery cell stack

12

degassing element

13

filter body

13.1

side face

13a, 13b

filter body segment

14

heat sink

14a

tempering plate

15

backing plate

16a

First area

16b

second area

17

Electric contact

18

Housing

18a

housing cover

18b

caseback

20

Thermal Runaway

Claims (15)

Electrical energy store (10) for a motor vehicle, preferably a commercial vehicle, having: a plurality of battery cells (11), preferably lithium-ion battery cells, each comprising a degassing element (12) for discharging gas; and a filter body (13), preferably a metal foam body, which is arranged opposite the respective degassing elements (12) and preferably serves to filter out particles from the discharged gas and/or is designed to absorb energy from the discharged gas. Electrical energy store (10) after claim 1 , wherein the filter body (13): - is arranged above the plurality of battery cells (11); and/or - is arranged at a distance from the plurality of battery cells (11); and/or - is not in direct contact with the plurality of battery cells (11). Electrical energy store (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the filter body (13): - is made of a heat-resistant material; and or - is made of ceramic and/or metal; and or - comprises a metal foam and/or a ceramic foam. Electrical energy store (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the filter body (13) is flat, preferably plate-shaped. Electrical energy store (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the filter body (13) is gas-permeable and/or porous and preferably has a pore size of less than 5 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.5 mm. Electrical energy store (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the filter body (13) has an exposed side surface (13.1) which faces the degassing elements (12), so that the discharged gas can preferably penetrate the entire side surface (13.1) into the filter body (13). Electrical energy store (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the filter body (13) is thermally coupled to a preferably plate-shaped heat sink (14), preferably for cooling the filter body (13) and/or for absorbing heat introduced into the filter body (13). Electrical energy store (10) after claim 7 , wherein: the heat sink (14) comprises a tempering plate (14a) through which a, preferably liquid, heat transfer medium can flow. Electrical energy store (10) after claim 7 or 8th , comprising: a support plate (15) to which the filter body (13) is attached, wherein the filter body (13) is thermally coupled to the heat sink (14) via the support plate (15). Electrical energy store (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the filter body (13) has a directional structure, so that gas entering the filter body (13) is prevented from flowing back and/or is guided along a preferred direction in the filter body (13). Electrical energy store (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the filter body (13): has a stepped shape; and or has at least one first region (16a) with a first thickness and at least one second region (16b) with a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness, the at least one first region (16a) above electrical contacts (17) of the plurality of battery cells (11) and/or the at least one second area (16b) is arranged above degassing elements (12) of the battery cells (11). Electrical energy store (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: the multiple battery cells (11) are arranged in the form of multiple, preferably braced, battery cell stacks (11a, 11b), wherein: - the filter body (13) extends over the plurality of battery cell stacks (11a, 11b); and or - The filter body (13) comprises a plurality of filter body segments (13a, 13b), one of the plurality of filter body segments (13a, 13b) being assigned to one of the plurality of battery cell stacks (11a, 11b). Electrical energy store (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: a housing (18), the plurality of battery cells (11) and/or the filter body (13) being arranged within the housing (18); the housing (18) preferably comprising a housing cover (18a) to which the filter body (13) is attached. Electrical energy store (10) after Claim 13 , wherein the filter body (13): extends over at least 50%, preferably 70%, particularly preferably 90%, of a length of the housing (18) and/or over at least 50%, preferably 70%, particularly preferably 90%, of a width of the housing (18). Motor vehicle, preferably commercial vehicle, having an electrical energy store (10) according to one of the preceding claims.

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