DE102022103811A1 - Method for the form-fitting connection of two parallel plates and a device suitable for this purpose - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to positively connect two boards (1, 2) made of cardboard material without foreign material, parts of one board (1), for example flaps (1A), are pressed into or through the other board (2), with which they are thereby get stuck This process can be stabilized by pressing.

Description

I. Field of application

The invention relates to folding boxes made of cardboard material, as they are very often used for packaging goods.

II. Technical background

Such folding boxes are usually produced from flat, punched-out blanks by initially bending up certain surfaces from the blank plane, for example the side surfaces of the later carton, and fixing them to one another.

The fixing is usually done by placing so-called adhesive tabs on the inside or outside of the adjacent wall, for example, of the box and gluing them to it. Since the cartons are usually erected and fixed by gluing on a packaging line immediately before the products are inserted into the unfolded carton, the glue used and the machine equipment required for this, such as glue nozzles, glue rollers, etc .is a constant source of pollution and potential for disruption.

In addition, the adhesive is a foreign material compared to the cardboard material of the box, which makes the later disposal of the box and in particular its recycling more difficult.

In principle, it is known to produce two abutting plate-shaped elements, such as two layers of cardboard, simply by means of a form fit and without using a foreign material such as an adhesive or staples, but the load capacity of these connections achieved so far has not been satisfactory and / or the ability to automate has been difficult.

In this context, it is known, for example, to connect a few sheets of paper in a form-fitting manner instead of using a tacker clip, without foreign material, by pushing one or two tabs through the stack from one side of the paper stack, the edges of which interlock and the tabs spring back impede.

Similarly, it is known that empty beverage containers, such as plastic bottles, can be pressed into flat plates in order to reduce the volume of deposit-return machines and that the two adjacent wall layers are also cut and pushed through the other wall layer from one side so that the cut edges face each other to get caught and to prevent an elastic deformation of the bottles.

III. Presentation of the invention

a) Technical task

It is therefore the object of the invention to connect two plate-shaped elements, in particular of a material that is not very stretchable but has limited plastic deformability, in particular a cardboard material, in an automated, form-fitting manner, without the use of a foreign material such as an adhesive or a form-fitting connecting element made of foreign material as well as to provide a suitable device for this purpose.

b) Solution of the task

This object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 13. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

With regard to the method, this object is achieved in that a section of the first of the two plates - which are parallel to one another, in particular abutting one another - the so-called tab plate, is pressed transversely to the plane of the plate in a push-through direction into the second plate or even through it is pushed through and protrudes in particular on the back of this second plate.

This shifted section of the first board is positively connected to the sections of the second board in contact with it, preferably on the rear side, which can be achieved in particular by pressing on the section located, for example, on the rear side of the second board, such as a tab, opposite to the indentation Direction or push-through direction can be done to the back of this second plate.

In this way, more than two plates can also be connected to one another, in that at least one further intermediate plate can be located between the first and second plate described, on which in particular corresponding sections to be bent over are then also formed.

This form-fitting connection not only of the cutting or tearing edges of the created section of the first plate around its created through-opening, but of essentially the entire section, results in a very resilient connection, also depending on the degree of compression Connection between the two plates, such as two layers of cardboard generated.

In addition, this form-fitting connection is tamper-proof, because after being loosened once, the panels can be placed on top of each other again, but the original pressing state of the sections of the panels cannot be achieved again in the same form.

In addition to the material properties and the thickness of the cardboard, the load-bearing capacity naturally also depends on the size and shape of the bent sections produced and/or, in the case of pressing, on the level of the pressing force.

The plate plane is the main plane of a plate, whereby a plate usually has a constant thickness and the plate plane is thus defined as the center plane between the two main surfaces on both sides - i.e. the surfaces with the greatest extent of the plate.

In this way, a single-variety, since only form-fitting, connection is created, which greatly facilitates recycling of the packaging and can still be automated to a high degree and has sufficient resilience, both in the direction of the panel planes and transversely thereto.

Preferably, the pressing is carried out up to a plastic, i.e. no longer re-deforming, deformation of the folded-over section of the first panel, in particular by pressing this section flat on the rear side of the second panel, and clamping the edge area of the opening in the second panel created when pressing through , the edge areas of which are usually also folded backwards or outwards at the back.

The section created by piercing the first plate is thus quasi beaded around the edge regions of this second plate, in particular by more than 90°, in particular by up to 180°.

The pressing in of the section of the first plate is preferably continued until it is pressed through the second plate, ie until the second plate tears open.

However, an alternative solution can also consist in the second panel being a previously perforated panel and the sections of the first panel formed by tearing open the first panel, in particular tabs, being placed around the inner circumference of the holes in the previously perforated second panel .

In order to bring about a defined shape of the sections pressed in or pushed through, such as tabs, when pressing in or pressing through, an incision is made at the same time, in particular cutting through at least the first panel, preferably also the second panel behind it, so that defined cuts and defined sections between the cuts or tabs are created.

If the pressing in or pushing through is carried out by means of a physical pressing element, such as a stamping element, the flanging is carried out in a radial direction away from the pressing direction and/or in a circumferential direction around the pressing direction.

The pressing is preferably carried out from the rear of the second panel and preferably while supporting the front of the first panel. The front of the first panel is preferably supported by means of a push-through base, from which the individual physical push-through elements protrude, for example a plate-shaped base which in any case rests against the front of the first panel after being pressed in or pushed through and as a support for pressing on served from the back.

Preferably, the pressing is carried out from the back of the second panel while the pressing element is at least partially still in its pressing position, i.e. still in the thickness range of the first panel or even in its maximally advanced position in the pressing direction Position. This prevents the areas of the two plates to be deformed, such as the pushed-through sections, from being able to expand radially in the direction of the opening that was created by the push-in element.

If, on the other hand, an optimally tight connection is to be created, this is precisely why the pressing can only take place after the pressing elements have been completely withdrawn from the thickness area of the first plate in order to close the holes they have created again.

The retraction of the pressing-in element does not necessarily have to take place only in a linear pressing-in direction, which can in particular be directed perpendicularly to the plate plane, but the pressing can have an additional movement component, for example radial to the pressing-in direction, i.e. approximately in the plate level, or rotating around the indentation direction.

As a result, targeted folding movements of the sections to be folded, in particular tabs, of the first panel can be effected, which result in a defined, reproducible image of the form-fitting connection with the subsequent pressing on.

The direction of a cutting edge or guide surface on the pressing element for the section to be folded over, such as a tab, can also be arranged depending on the movement of the pressing element during pressing, i.e. with an additional rotating movement, this can change in the circumferential direction around the Extend indentation direction, at the same time, if necessary.

A linear pressing-in movement, which contains on the one hand a component perpendicular to the plane of the plate and on the other hand a component in the plane of the plate, can be used to perform a targeted beading of the detached section in a folding direction using a corresponding pressing-in element.

However, by designing the device appropriately, several different folding directions can be brought about in a targeted manner within a connection area to be produced by means of a form fit, which enables good durability due to the possibility of adapting to specific load directions.

While the procedure described so far is based on an order of magnitude of the section of the first plate to be produced, which is at least as large, rather larger than the thickness or at least half or at least a quarter of the thickness of the first plate, other procedures are conceivable if the material of the panels, at least that of the first panel, contains a multiplicity of fibres, in particular consists predominantly of fibres, as is the case with paper materials and cardboard material.

Then the produced sections of the first plate, which are pressed into the second or even pushed through it, can turn out to be much smaller in relation to the plate thickness, for example with a size dimension of the section - measured along the plane of the plate - of the maximum 1/ 5, better a maximum of 1/10, better a maximum of 1/20 of the thickness of the panel.

However, a large number of indentations or push-throughs must then take place, because the aim is to use an indenting element - be it physical or non-physical - to hit one of the fibers, which usually has a much higher tear resistance than the rest of the filling material of the plate around the fibers.

When this occurs, the fiber is displaced into the adjacent second plate, but most often only part of its length, or even pushed through that second plate, although in this case this is not the primary goal.

The aim is that after this process - hereinafter referred to as needling - a large number of fibers extend from the first to the second plate and, due to their non-linear course, hold both plates together.

Since the fibers and thus also the sections that are pressed through are very thin, usually in the range of a few 1/10 millimeters, it is not necessary to press on the folded sections that may protrude from the back of the second panel, in this case fibers. especially since the aim is to let the fibers end in the second plate.

This also has the advantage that one of the outer surfaces of the composite panel consisting of the two panels is undamaged, that is to say it is not perforated, and thus remains intact both optically and in terms of tightness.

In the case of a folding carton in which the connecting projections of a side wall are on the inside of the adjoining side wall, for example, and the needling is carried out from the inside out, this results in a particularly good optical appearance.

In this case, of course, the press-in element should have a size, in particular a diameter, which is in the order of magnitude of the fibers to be pushed through, ie for example a maximum of 5 times, better a maximum of 3 times, better a maximum of 2 times, better corresponds to a maximum of 1 times the diameter of the largest or average diameter of the fibres.

• So kann beispielsweise das Hindurchdrücken des Abschnittes der ersten Platte in oder durch die zweite Platte mittels eines mechanischen Eindrück-Elementes erfolgen, das Umbördeln auf der Rückseite der zweiten Platte dagegen statt mittels einer Leitfläche oder zusätzlich zu einer Leitfläche mittels einer Luftströmung erzielt werden, beispielsweise indem Druckluft durch das hohle Innere des körperlichen Eindrück-Elementes zugeführt wird und an der richtigen Stelle der Außenfläche des körperlichen Eindrück-Elementes ausströmt und gegen den umzubördelnden Abschnitt drückt.

Furthermore, the folding over of the sections of the first panel produced by pressing through, in particular on the rear side of the second panel, can be supported or even exclusively effected by means of a fluid flow, for example an air flow such as compressed air:

• For example, the section of the first panel can be pressed into or through the second panel by means of a mechanical press-in element, i.e. beading on the rear side of the second plate, on the other hand, can be achieved by means of an air flow instead of by means of a fin or in addition to a fin, for example by supplying pressurized air through the hollow interior of the physical impression element and flowing out at the right point on the outer surface of the physical impression element and presses against the section to be flanged.

This also has the advantage that a collision between the pressing-in element that is still in the pressing-in position and the counter-holder that is approaching can then be avoided.

However, by means of a fluid flow, such as a compressed air blast, both the tearing open or cutting of the first plate and the pressing in of the section generated thereby, such as a tab, of the first plate in or through the total and without a mechanical pressing-in element second plate are effected, for which under certain circumstances more than one nozzle is required for a section to be folded over, which require a different nozzle design and/or a different operating pressure.

With regard to a connecting device for the positive connection of two parallel, plastically deformable panels by means of a form fit and in particular only by means of a form fit, and also in the middle of the panel surface, i.e. away from the panel edge and its use, the existing task is solved in that a push-in element is present, which is able to push a portion of the first panel into or through the second panel, which is possible in particular by means of a physical push-in element, which controls transverse to the panel plane in a push-in direction is movable.

In this way, a form-fitting connection can be achieved between the section of the first panel that has been pressed in or pushed through and the surrounding material or adjacent material of the second panel.

The pressing-in element can also press sections of the first panel through the holes in a pre-punched second panel.

In particular, such a connection can be improved by having a counter-holder that can be moved transversely to the plane of the panel and is arranged opposite the press-in element in such a way that the two panels to be connected can be accommodated between them.

By pressing the counter-holder against the press-in element, in particular an approximately plate-shaped press-in base to which the in particular several press-in elements are attached and from which protrude - which is particularly advantageous with a large number of press-in elements - such a Pressure on the plate composite around the press-in element can be generated so that the abutting material parts of the two plates connect to each other plastically and in a form-fitting manner.

A first possibility for the push-in element is that it is a physical push-in element, such as a pin or a slider.

In order to produce defined sections when pressing in or pressing through, such a physical pressing-in element has a cutting edge for cutting through the first panel and/or a guide surface for guiding the section to be folded over produced by the incision, such as a tab, of the first panel, for example up to the back of the second plate. As a result, well reproducible connections and connection patterns can be achieved.

A counter-holder that may be present can also have a guide surface for guiding, in particular folding and beading, the section of the first panel, for example onto the rear side of the second panel.

• - nach radial außen

und / oder

• - entgegen der Eindrück-Richtung, die häufig die axiale Richtung des Eindrück-Elementes ist, nach hinten

und / oder

• - in Umfangsrichtung um die Eindrück-Richtung herum

erstrecken.Depending on the design of the press-in element and the press-in movement provided for it, in particular the press-in direction, such a cutting edge and/or a guide surface can protrude from the front area of the press-in element, in particular a tip

• - radially outwards

and or

• - Against the push-in direction, which is often the axial direction of the push-in element, backwards

and or

• - Circumferentially around the push-in direction

extend.

• - nach radial außen

und / oder

• - entgegen der Anlage-Richtung des Gegenhalters an dem Platten-Verbund nach hinten

und / oder

• - in Umfangsrichtung um die Anlage-Richtung herum

erstrecken.In the case of the counter-holder, too, a guide surface—a cutting edge is generally not necessary there—can extend from the central area of the counter-holder, which usually consists of a depression or an opening, which is then in the area of the through-opening the first and / or second plate is arranged after

• - radially outwards

and or

• - backwards against the contact direction of the counter-holder on the panel composite

and or

• - in the circumferential direction around the bearing direction

extend.

Preferably, the directions of the cutting edge and/or guide surfaces of the press-in element are matched to the shape and/or direction of the guide surface of the counter-holder in order to ensure good guidance of the section of the first panel to be folded over.

• - quer zur Eindrück-Richtung, insbesondere linear-quer hierzu

und / oder

• - um die Eindrück-Richtung herum

gesteuert beweglich ist.The pressing-in element can be designed and arranged in the machine in such a way that, in addition to the pressing-in direction, it can also be used in at least one further direction

• - Transverse to the indentation direction, in particular linearly transverse thereto

and or

• - around the indentation direction

controlled movable.

This is preferably in relation to a press-in base to which the physical press-in element is then attached, preferably movably.

A typical design of the press-in element is in the form of a rod or pin.

With such a design in particular, it can be useful to design the press-in element in such a way that its front area, which is located behind the back of the second plate in particular when pressed in, is designed to be variable in terms of its diameter in particular, for example in order to to guide or move the portion pushed through.

Furthermore, the press-in element can have outlet openings for a fluid, for example compressed air, in its outer surface, in particular its peripheral surface, in order to radially press away the section of the first plate that is located there and may be in contact with the press-in element and thereby fold it over or bead it, at least until the counter-holder presses the folded-over section firmly against the second plate and connects it to it in a form-fitting manner, in particular by pressing it.

In a second design, the press-in element can be an element that generates a fluid flow, for example a nozzle, with air, ie compressed air, preferably being used as the fluid. The nozzle is then always positioned on or in front of the front side of the first panel, and by means of the compressed air, in particular a compressed air blast, the first panel is pierced on the one hand, and thereby at least one section adjacent to this cut is produced, which is then - by means of the same Nozzle or a second nozzle arranged next to it - can be turned in the desired direction, i.e. can be shifted into the second plate or can be pushed through it.

Especially in the latter case, it makes sense that the blast of compressed air that pierced the first plate also pierces the second plate at the same time.

c) exemplary embodiments

• 1a - f: Schnittdarstellungen durch und Aussicht auf die Verbindungs-Vorrichtung einer ersten Bauform in verschiedenen Funktions-Stellungen,
• 2a, b: eine erste Bauform eines Eindrück-Elementes sowie der entstehenden Laschen-Bildung betrachtet in axialer Richtung,
• 3a, b: eine zweite Bauform eines Eindrück-Elementes und der entstehenden Laschen-Bildung in Seitenansicht und Aufsicht,
• 4: eine Ausschnittvergrößerung aus 1d mit einer leicht geänderten zweiten Bauform eines Eindrück-Elementes,
• 5a - d: Schnittdarstellungen durch eine zweite Bauform einer Verbindungs-Vorrichtung in verschiedenen Funktions-Stellungen,
• 6a- d: eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine dritte Bauform einer Verbindungs-Vorrichtung in verschiedenen Funktions-Stellungen,
• 7a, 8a: eine dritte Bauform eines Eindrück-Elementes in Seitenansicht und Aufsicht,
• 7b, 8b: das Schnittbild der durch dieses Eindrück-Element gemäß 7a, 8a eingeschnittenen Platten in Seitenansicht und Aufsicht,
• 7c, 8c: die durch dieses Eindrück-Element gemäß 7a, 8a gebildete Umlege-Situation,
• 9: eine vierte Bauform einer Verbindungs-Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von faserhaltigen Platten.

Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

• 1a - f: Sectional representations through and view of the connecting device of a first design in various functional positions,
• 2a, b : a first design of a press-in element and the resulting tab formation viewed in the axial direction,
• 3a, b : a second design of a press-in element and the resulting tab formation in side view and top view,
• 4 : a detail enlargement 1d with a slightly modified second design of a press-in element,
• 5a - i.e : Sectional representations through a second design of a connecting device in different functional positions,
• 6a - i.e : a sectional view through a third design of a connecting device in different functional positions,
• 7a , 8a : a third design of a press-in element in side view and top view,
• 7b , 8b : the sectional view of this indentation element according to 7a , 8a incised plates in side view and top view,
• 7c , 8c : those defined by this indentation element 7a , 8a formed transfer situation,
• 9 : A fourth type of connecting device for connecting fibrous panels.

The 1a - f show a sectional view of the form-fitting connection of two adjacent panels 1, 2 made of cardboard material, for example a side wall and an adjacent fastening projection of an adjacent side wall in a folding box folded from a blank, which must be fixed against each other in order to fold the folding box to keep in the erect form.

In the initial state of 1a the two plates 1, 2 lie parallel to one another, preferably in contact, and are to be connected to one another in a form-fitting manner and without foreign material in a predetermined area at a large number of adjacent points - as shown in the bottom part in the top view in a square grid.

For this purpose, according to 1b from one side of the plate stack 1+2, in this case shown from below, a multiplicity of in this case shaft-shaped, pointed at the free end, parallel pressing-in elements 3 approximately in the direction of plate stack 1+2. The indenting elements 3 can be attached to an indenting base 4 from which they all project in the same direction and to the same side and can be moved together with this.

The individual indentation elements 3, here indentation nails 3, have in the two right representations of the 1a at the free end a tip 3a from which three cutting edges 7 distributed over the circumference extend to the complete - round or triangular-star-shaped - cross section of the press-in nail 3, which adjoins the conical tip with the three cutting edges 7 forming a cone, as best in 2a , 3a evident.

The cutting edges are in 1a - f shown running straight in the axial direction, in contrast to the cutting edges 7 running slightly spirally from the tip, as alternatively in 3a shown.

However, the tip area of the indentation nail 3 can also be a triangular, quadrangular or polygonal cone whose side surfaces extend up to the correspondingly polygonal or round, complete cross section of the indentation nail 3 . In 1a on the left is a round push-in nail 3 with a quadrangular conical tip

Since in this case the penetration direction 6 is identical to the greatest direction in which the pressing-in elements 3 extend, both are collectively referred to as the axial direction. If, on the other hand, the two directions diverge, a distinction is made between the direction of penetration and, if applicable, the axial direction of the pressing-in elements.

When piercing the first plate 1, the so-called tab plate 1, which is closest to the pressing-in elements 3 when approaching and penetrating, a through opening 13 is formed in this and around this three - according to the number of cutting edges - freely ending sections 1A, in the following Tabs 1A called, according to the further penetration of the pointed part of the push-in element 1c out of the plate plane 11 of this tab plate 1, in this case upwards, are bent by approximately 90° or by more than 90° due to the bending process.

As the press-in element 3 advances further into the second plate 2 and through it, as in FIG 1c shown, the second plate, the receiving plate 2, is also torn open, either first by cutting through the cutting edges 7 of the tip of the press-in element 3 or already by pressing the tabs 1A of the tab plate 1 from below against the second plate 2 to form a through hole 14.

1d shows the state when both panels 1, 2 have been completely penetrated by the pointed initial area of the press-in element 3 and both panels 1, 2 from the respective panel plane 11, 12, in this case upwardly bent sections, namely the tabs 1A, 2A, which can be bent out of the plate plane 11 or 12 by more than 90°.

The tabs 2A are usually looped around by the tabs 1A.

It should be made clear that the press-in element 3 does not have to be slim, pin-shaped or pointed at the free end, but then the tearing of the plates 1, 2 and the bent sections 1A, 2A that form around the through-opening 13, 14 are less defined .

In order not to deform the two plates 1, 2 too much when piercing away from the piercing points, they can be supported in the area between the piercing points by a counter-holder 6* in contact with an indenting base 4, usually a simple chen and stable plate, as in 1b implied.

To create a positive connection, the in 1d tabs 1A, 2A—the tabs 2A should lie in the tabs 1A—are fixed against one another in a form-fitting manner, which is to be effected by mutual pressing.

For this purpose, after the two plates 1, 2 have been pierced, a counter-holder 6 is also placed in the area of the bent-over tabs 1A, 2A, ie correspondingly close to the through-openings 13, 14, for example running around them.

In this case, the counter-holder 6 is equipped with a passage opening that is only slightly larger than the shank diameter of the press-in element 3 and is located at the position of the press-in element 3, so that it is on the plate composite 1+2 in the axial direction of the pressing-in elements 3 can be moved and the two tabs 1A, 2A can be pressed against each other as in 1e shown.

During this process, the pressing-in element 3 remaining in the maximum pressed-in position increasingly extends through the through-openings 13, 14 into the counter-holder 6.

Compared to 1b it becomes clear that for this purpose the counter-holder 6 can be formed in two parts from a part 6* for supporting the area away from the puncture points and the part 6 for supporting the area around the puncture points.

The two parts 6*, 6 can be moved in a controlled manner relative to one another, in particular in the axial direction of the pressing-in elements 3, because the entire process runs automatically with a large number of pressing-in elements 3 at the same time and mostly in a matrix form via a defined connection Area of the plate compound 1 +2 distributed.

According to 1d the counter-holder 6 - even in the case of a two-part design - has in the counter-holder part 6 around the through-opening a collar 9 with a pointed cross-section and directed in the direction of the press-in base 4, which slides closely along the outer circumference of the press-in element 3 and its outer Circumferential contour on the side facing away from the through openings 13, 14 can have a concave curvature as a guide surface 9 - as in 1c , 1d and in 1e only shown for the two right counterholds 6. As a result, the tabs 1A, 2A are practically peeled off the peripheral contour of the press-in element 3 and beaded away from the press-in element 3, i.e. bent by more than 90° out of the plate plane 11, 12, preferably by up to 180° knocked down

At the two in 1e Left counter-holders 6, on the other hand, have a flat end face facing the plates 1, 2.

in the in 1e In the illustration on the far right, an annular depression 9* is additionally formed on the press-in base 4 around the press-in element 3 with a cross section of the negative form of the cross section of the collar 9, so that in the radial direction around the passage openings 13, 14 the axial distance between the collar 9 and the recess 9* remains the same.

In this position, the tabs 1A, 2A can be pressed against each other in a particularly good form-fitting manner and the overhang transverse to the plate planes 11, 12 of the folded and pressed tabs 1A, 2A are kept as small as possible, as in 1e shown.

1f right shows an alternative design of a counter-holder 6, which has no through-opening and consequently can only be moved in the direction of press-in base 4 when - preferably simultaneously - the press-in elements 3 backwards, ie downwards here, again out of the plate Compound 1 +2 withdraw.

In this solution, an intermediate plate 4* with a perforation is preferably placed on the plate-shaped press-in base 4 to which the press-in elements 3 are attached, through which the press-in elements 3 extend and which when the press-in base 4 is retracted in Plant can remain on the tab plate 1 as an abutment for the approaching counter-holder 6, which applies the necessary pressing force.

In addition, the entire press-in base 4 including the intermediate plate 4* can be slightly controlled in the direction of the plate plane 11, 12 relative to the plate stack 1+2, which takes place before the counter-holder 6 is placed and pressed, so that the support by the intermediate plate 4* at the through openings 13, 14 of the plates 1, 2 can take place through a continuous section of the intermediate plate.

In this design, as can be seen, the deflected tabs 1A, 2A are also pressed against one another, but at the same time also further radially in the direction of the center of the through openings 13, 14 created in the plates 1, 2 moves, which become smaller as a result, which may be desirable for optical reasons.

In this design, too, the counter-holder 6 can have a projecting collar, possibly with a pointed cross section, at the location of the through-opening 13, 14—then preferably with a smaller diameter than the original through-opening 13, 14—with an adjoining guide surface 9, or a Tip directed to the center of the through hole 13,14.

The contact direction 15 is preferably directed in the opposite direction to the pressing-in direction 16, but can also differ from this by a small angle of up to 30°.

1f On the left, however, shows pin-shaped counter-holders 6, the axial direction of which runs perpendicularly to the plate planes 11, 12, and one of which is arranged over each of the through-openings 21, 22 formed in the plates 1, 2.

The end faces pointing in the direction of the through-openings 21, 22 have a larger diameter than the through-openings 13, 14 in the plate assembly 1+2, and in addition each have a protruding tip on the end face.

While the tip extends to the outer circumference of the rest of the pin-shaped counter-holder 6 in the far left illustration, the end face of the other pin-shaped counter-holder 6 is flat and only in its center does a point, which is significantly smaller in diameter, rise, the base surface but is still preferably larger than the size of the through hole in 13, 14 to fold over the flaps 1A, 2A.

Of course, such pin-shaped counter-holders 6 can also all be fastened together to a counter-holder base (not shown) and pressed together for pressing by means of such a counter-holder base against the plate assembly 1+2.

3a shows a slightly differently designed push-in element 3, in which - in contrast to the design of 2a - the cutting edges 7 and guide surfaces 8 do not run purely radially and axially from the tip 3a, but are additionally curved in the circumferential direction U, i.e. the cutting edges 7 run spirally and extend around the circumference by about 40° to 120°, and between them the guide surfaces 8, which are also correspondingly curved, run.

With this design, according to 3b it can be achieved that the sections formed after piercing the corresponding plates, ie tabs 1A, 1B, are not only bent radially outwards as shown in FIG 2 B , but also rotated in the circumferential direction, which results in a particularly stable form-fitting connection after the subsequent pressing, for example because then in this supervision according to 3b considered, the tabs 1A, 2A located one behind the other in the same viewing direction no longer completely cover, but are slightly offset from one another in the circumferential direction, which during pressing results in a more intimate, form-fitting connection by also shifting the radial edges of the tabs 1A, 2A in the respective other tab 2, 1 results.

Based on 1a - f should also have become clear that for a form-fitting connection, the receiving plate 2 that is further away from the approaching press-in element 3 does not necessarily have to have or be pierced, but the tabs 1A of the tab plate 1 also only can extend into the thickness range of the receiving plate 2, but the resulting connection is significantly less resilient.

4 shows - in the same viewing direction, but enlarged compared to the 1d - A modified design of a pressing element 3 with active folding elements.

This also has in the circumferential direction between the blades, but in the axial direction after the end of the conical initial portion of the pressing element 3 - in one case - in the right half of the figure 4 shown - a folding lever 18 which can be folded out of the lateral surface of the pressing-in element 3 and which essentially runs in the pressing-in direction 16 in the pivoted-in starting position is completely in the pressing-in element 3 and does not project beyond its lateral surface.

The reversing lever 18 can, however, be pivoted out of the lateral surface with its front end in the pressing direction 16 about a tangential pivot axis 18' arranged in its rear end region in the pressing direction 13 by means of an actuating element (not shown) after piercing the plates 1, 2 and against the respective tab 1A and fold them specifically radially outwards.

Alternatively, in the left half of the figures 4 the representation of the press-in element 3 shows an outlet opening 17 for compressed air at approximately the same longitudinal position, which is also directed against the tab 1a located in the same peripheral area and can be pressurized with compressed air in a controlled manner via supply channels (not shown) inside the press-in element.

This compressed air, which can also only be applied briefly and intermittently when the counter-holder 6 is placed, should also be used to crimp the tab 1A and thus also the tab 2A by more than 90° from the plate level 11 or 12, in order to achieve an intimate , to achieve a form-fitting connection by means of the counter-holder 6 pressing on.

The formation of dust is low, since the ripping of the plates has already taken place, and the dust can still be sucked off via the counter-holder 6, as follows with reference to FIG 7b explained.

The 5 and 6 show solutions with an activatable, controllable folding element, which, however, in contrast to 4 is not part of a pressing element 3, but itself acts as a pressing element 3 at the same time.

In both cases, this combination element 19 is a plate-shaped parting blade with a limited thickness of usually at most a few millimeters and a correspondingly long cutting edge 19a, which runs transversely to the plane of the blade 19" at its front end.

Of the two cutting flanks - both peripheral flanks of the plate-shaped parting blade - which form the cutting edge 19a, one forms the outer end of the combination element 19 and the other serves as a concave guide surface 8 for folding over when penetrating the stack of plates 1+2 tabs 1A, 2A formed, and as a rule both are directed in later use in the same direction obliquely to the perpendicular 10 to the plate levels 11, 12.

In practice, the combination element 19 is usually cut out of a steel plate and the cutting edge 19a is sharpened.

With this cutting edge 19a, the combination element 19 is moved into the plate stack 1+2, in the representation of the figures from below, the stack being generally supported by a counter-holder 6 on the opposite upper side.

• In den 5a bis 5c wird das Kombi-Element 19 linear verfahren in einer Eindrück-Richtung 16, die in der Klingenebene 19" liegt und schräg zu den Plattenebenen 11, 12 der zu verbinden Platten 1, 2 gerichtet ist, beispielsweise in Richtung der äußeren der beiden Schneid-Flanken, welche sich in der Schneidkante 19a treffen.

However, the combined elements 19 can move in different ways according to the two sets of figures:

• In the 5a until 5c the combination element 19 is moved linearly in a pressing-in direction 16 which lies in the blade plane 19" and is directed obliquely to the plate planes 11, 12 of the plates 1, 2 to be connected, for example in the direction of the outer of the two cutting flanks , which meet in the cutting edge 19a.

The combination element 19 runs through a corresponding recess in a press-in base 4*, on which the stack of plates 1 + 2 rests, and pierces both plates 1, 2 one after the other in an oblique direction to the vertical 10.

Due to the movement component in the direction of the plate planes 11, 12, the ends of the plates 1, 2 that have arisen there, i.e. the tabs 1A, 2A, are blocked on the cutting flank pointing in the pressing direction 16 and partially compressed on this, partially also by the concave curvature of this cutting flank deflected upwards and in the direction of pressing in 16.

This already results in a certain form-fitting connection of the two tabs 1A, 2A, which according to 5d after moving the combination element 19 back against the pressing direction 13 - at least as soon as it no longer protrudes beyond the free rear side of the plate 2 - is reinforced by a counter-holder 6 pressed onto the plate 2, in which the tabs 1A, 2A are then held not only transverse to the direction of penetration 16, as by the combination element 19, but also transverse to the plate planes 11, 12 are pressed into one another.

In the 6a - 6d In contrast, the combination element 19 - which is otherwise of the same design - does not perform a linear movement, but rather a pivoting movement about a pivot axis 19' running transversely, preferably perpendicularly, to the blade plane 19'', about which the combination element 19 can be pivoted in the press-in base 4 is stored.

In the starting position according to 6a is the combination element 19 completely outside, here below, the thickness range of the plate stack 1 + 2. By controlled increasing panning - in this direction clockwise - the combination element 19 first pierces both plates 1, 2 one after the other according to 6b and with further pivoting, due to the concave cutting flank at the front in the pivoting direction, it wraps around the resulting tabs 1A, 2A as a guide surface, not only up to 90° transversely to the plate plane 11, 12, but further in the direction of the upper side of the plate 2, such as 6c shows.

6d shows the advantage of this embodiment, in which the combination element 19 can then be pivoted even further and the tabs 1A, 2A can also be pressed against one another as a result, essentially in the direction of the perpendicular 10 to the panel planes 11, 12.

As a result, a separate, controllable counter-holder 6 serving as a pressing tool can be dispensed with, and if a counter-holder is used at all, it can consist of a simple plate, optionally with openings, which can rest on the stack of plates from the start, but does not apply any pressing force must.

This saves one work step.

• Auch in diesem Fall soll der Platten-Stapel 1+2 sternförmig in Form eines dreizackigen Sternes durchschnitten werden.

The 7a until 8c show the production of the form-fitting connection by means of a non-physical press-in element 3, which in this case consists only of one or more purposefully applied air flows, which are discharged against the plate stack 1+2 by one or more nozzles 20:

• In this case, too, the stack of plates 1+2 should be cut through in the shape of a three-pointed star.

For this purpose, three slit-shaped nozzles 20a - c or a single star-shaped nozzle 20a, which is approached or even applied to the outside of the tab plate 1 at a close distance and can be easily installed on a plate by a compressed air blast with, for example, 8 bar pressure from a conventional compressed air network -Stack 1+2 can shoot through, the plates 1, 2 of which are made of a cardboard material with, for example, 1-2 mm thickness.

At the same time, or slightly offset in time, nozzles 20A, B, C, which usually have a round or oval nozzle outlet and are arranged in the gussets between the star-shaped slotted nozzles 20a - c, emit compressed air at an angle axially and radially outwards with the Usually then applied at a slightly lower pressure of, for example, 2 bar. As a result, the tabs 1A formed by the shooting through are in turn bent upwards out of the plate plane 11 in this illustration and preferably bent by more than 90°—as shown in FIG 7c shows - which take the resting tabs 2A of the resting receiving plate 2 with them and flang them, provided that a corresponding counter-holder 6 is present, as in 7c implied.

This results in a flap situation viewed from above as in 8c shown, which in turn can be pressed by a further counter-holder that is placed in the area of the puncture and is no longer shown, analogously to that in 1c, i.e , e shown process and design of the counterholder 6.

Although such a procedure generates dust when the plate stack 1, 2 is shot through and uses a comparatively large amount of expensive compressed air, the dust produced between the plate stack 1 +2 and the counterholder 6 can be sucked off on the one hand, and on the other hand there is the advantage that no wearing, i.e. blunt, physical pressing-in elements are required and, above all, by controlling the delivery pressure of the air flow, simple adaptation to plates 1, 2 of different stability and/or different thicknesses is possible.

For dust extraction, the counter-holder 6 can best be designed with its side facing the plate stack, in this case the lower side, so that it does not lie flat on the upper side of the receiving plate 2, but only with a large number of raised, mostly round in the top view, counterholder dots 6a, so that the free spaces in between are connected to one another in terms of flow and the suction point, through which the dust is sucked out of this free space by the counterholder 6, does not have to be exactly at the point where the bullet is penetrated.

9 shows a solution that is primarily suitable for fibrous boards 1, 2, in which the fibers 5 contained are comparatively long, i.e. at least twice, better three times, better five times the thickness of a board 1, 2 as a length this is the case, for example, with cardboard material reinforced with textile fibers.

The fibers 5 contained in the panels 1 can then be used to produce the form-fitting connection, in that fibers 5 of the first panel 1 are pressed with part of their length into the adjacent second panel 2 by means of press-in elements 3 and there with fibers located there 5 or other components of the plate hook in a form-fitting manner.

The fibers 5 in the plates 1, 2 are usually present in very large numbers and are also positively connected to one another within the plates.

Since the position and course of the fibers 5 are unknown, work can only be done randomly by using a very large number of closely adjacent, very thin, pin-shaped indentation elements 3 in the manner of a pin cushion from one side in the direction of indentation 13 blunt at the free end, press-in elements 3 are pushed into the first plate 1 and through this into the second board 2, with some of the press-in elements 3 randomly hitting fibers 5 in the first plate 1, others against it not, depending on the number and density of fibers 5 in the first plate 1.

The advantage of this procedure is that no complex mechanical or other precautions are necessary for the targeted folding of tabs of the plate material and, above all, the second plate 2 does not have to be completely pierced, since when the pressing-in elements advance until close to the A very good and resilient connection between the plates 1 and 2 can already be achieved on the rear side of the second plate 2 facing away from the first plate.

As a result, the back of the second plate 2 remains undamaged, which is advantageous for many applications for optical and sealing reasons.

Reference List

1

first plate, tab plate

2

second plate, recording plate

3

Indentation element, indentation element

4

Impression Base

5

fiber

6

counter holder

7

cutting edge

8th

guide surface

9

guide surface

10

plumb lines

11

plate level

12

plate level

13

passage opening

14

passage opening

15

attachment direction

16

indentation direction

17

outflow opening

18

flip lever

19

combo element

20 a - c

Nozzle, compressed air nozzle

20 A - C

Nozzle, compressed air nozzle

Claims (25)

Method for positively connecting at least two parallel, plastically deformable panels (1, 2) - in particular away from the panel edge and/or without using an additional connecting element, characterized in that - a section (1A), in particular a tab (1A), the first panel (tab panel) (1) transversely to the panel plane (11) in the pressing direction (16) into the front side of the second panel (receiving panel) (2), in particular through the other panel (2) through, is pressed, - the section (1A) of the first panel (1) is positively connected to the adjoining sections of the second panel (2), - in particular by pressing the section (1A) transversely to the panel plane (11) to the Back of the second panel (2). procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that the pressing is carried out until a plastic deformation of the portion (1A), in particular a flattening of the portion (1A) on the back of the second panel (2). A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portion (1A) of the first panel (1) is pushed in or pushed through by pushing or pushing through a push-in element (3) into the first plate (1) from that of the second plate (2) facing away from the front side and in particular pushing the section away from the press-in element (3) radially. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pushing in or pushing through is carried out by means of the pushing-in element (3) - either at least until the second panel (2A) tears open - or until it is pushed through through a hole in the second panel (2 ) previously made hole. (cutting:) Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when pressing in or pressing through, an incision, in particular cutting through, is effected at least in the first panel (1), in particular also in the second panel (2). (beading:) Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - when the section (1A) is pushed in or pushed through, the section (1A) is simultaneously flanged, in particular by more than 90° from the plane (11) of the first board (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flanging takes place around a section, in particular an edge section, of the second plate (2) around the passage opening (22) produced therein. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the pressing is carried out from the rear of the second panel (2) supporting the front of the first panel (1), - in particular by means of a pressing base (4) from which the individual press-in elements (3) protrude. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing on of the rear side of the second panel (2) is carried out while the pressing-in element (3) is still at least partially in its pressing-in position, i.e. still in the thickness Area of the first plate (1) protrudes or penetrates it. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the flanging takes place mechanically or by means of an air flow, - in particular by means of supplying the air via a hollow or grooved punching element. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing-in element (3) performs an additional movement component transversely to the pressing-in direction (16) during pressing in or through, in particular - radially, preferably linearly radially to the pressing-in direction ( 16) and/or - rotating around the push-in direction (16). Method according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein at least the material of the first plate (1) has a large number of fibers (5), - in particular consists predominantly of fibers (5), characterized in that - the pressing in or pressing through of the section with such a small area of the section measured in the plane of the plate (11, 12) that this is at most five times, better at most three times, better at most twice, better at most one time the largest, in particular the average, diameter of the fibers (5) corresponds, - in particular when using a punching element, the diameter, in particular the largest diameter, of the press-in element (3) is at most three times, better at most twice, better at most one time the largest, in particular the average, diameter of the fibers (5 ) corresponds. Connecting device for positively connecting two parallel, plastically deformable panels (1, 2), - in particular away from the panel edge and/or without using an additional connecting element, characterized by - at least one press-in element (3) which is capable of is to push a portion (1A) of the first panel (1) into or through the second panel (2). device after Claim 13 , characterized in that - a counter-holder (6, 6*) which can be moved transversely to the plane of the panel (11, 12) and which is arranged opposite the press-in element (3) in such a way that the two panels (1, 2) to be connected are held between them can become. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that - if there are a large number of press-in elements (3), these are fastened to a common press-in base (4). (Physical impression element:) Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the press-in element (3) - is a mechanically acting press-in element (3), - which can be moved in a controlled manner in a press-in direction (16) in particular transversely to the plane of the plate. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the mechanically acting pressing-in element (3) - a cutting edge (7) for cutting into the first plate (1) and/or - a guide surface (8) for guiding the through the Has incision generated tab (1A) of the first plate (1). Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the counter-holder (6) and/or the pressing-in base (4) has a guide surface (9) for guiding, in particular flanging, the section (1A) of the first plate (1) having. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the counter-holder (6) is ring-shaped with a through-opening through which the pressing-in element (3) fits with little play, in particular with one counter-holder (6) per through-opening (13, 14), or - is designed to be continuous and plate-shaped over a number of through-openings (13, 14), or - is arranged in the form of a pin over a respective through-opening (13, 14). Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that in the pressing-in element (3) the cutting edge (7) and/or the guide surface (8) from the foremost area, in particular a tip, - radially outwards and/or - towards the pressing-in direction (16), in particular the axial direction (3') of the pressing-in element (3), backwards and/or in the circumferential direction around the pressing-in direction (16). Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that in the case of the counter-holder (6), the guide surface (9) extends from the central area, in particular a depression or an opening, - radially outwards and/or - opposite the contact direction to the rear and /or - runs in the circumferential direction around the bearing direction. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the push-in element (3) in addition to the push-in direction (16) in at least one other direction - transverse to the push-in direction (16), in particular linear and / or - to is designed to be movable in a controlled manner around the pressing-in direction (16), in particular in relation to a pressing-in base (4). Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the press-in element (3) is rod-shaped with a cross-section that can be changed in a controlled manner in the front region, in particular with regard to the diameter. Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that the pressing-in element (3) has outflow openings (17) for a fluid, in particular compressed air, in its outer surface, in particular its peripheral surface. (Flow-generating indentation element:) Device according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that - the pressing-in element (3) is an outflow opening (17), in particular a nozzle, which is able to deliver a pressurized fluid, in particular compressed air, controlled, - in particular set back from a contact surface of the press-in base (4) for the first plate (1), and/or - the press-in base (4) has an outflow opening (17), in particular a nozzle, which is able to release a pressurized fluid, in particular compressed air, in a controlled manner.

Images