DE102021209040A1 - Radar system for detecting the surroundings with a waveguide antenna formed from a circuit board and a molded part - Google Patents

Abstract

Radar system for detecting the surroundings, having- a circuit board which carries at least one high-frequency component, with high-frequency signals being routed from the component to the circuit board via electrical connections, and- a molded part which has one or more individual antennas on its upper side for transmitting and/or receiving radar signals,- wherein the electrical connection between the circuit board and the at least one individual antenna on the upper side of the molded part is at least partially realized by an internal waveguide, characterized in that- the molded part is arranged on the same side of the circuit board as the at least one high-frequency component and is connected to it in particular by soldering and/or conductive bonding is at least partially and conductively connected,- at least one hollow waveguide is formed by a depression on the side of the molded part facing the circuit board and a metallized surface of the circuit board,- this at least one wave conductor is fed electrically from the circuit board and- due to this structure, the molded part can consist of a single-layer, at least partially metallized plastic part or a single-layer metal part, which is preferably produced by die-casting, deep-drawing or bending technology.

Description

The invention relates to a radar system for detecting the surroundings for motor vehicle applications. According to the invention, the radar system has a waveguide antenna and a high-frequency component, with the waveguide antenna and high-frequency component being located on the same side of the circuit board and the waveguide antenna being formed from the circuit board and a molded part.

State of the art

Motor vehicles are increasingly being equipped with driver assistance systems which, with the aid of sensor systems, detect the surroundings and derive automatic reactions of the vehicle from the traffic situation detected in this way and/or instruct the driver, in particular warn him. A distinction is made between comfort and safety functions.

As a comfort function, FSRA (Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control) plays an important role in the current development. The vehicle regulates its own speed to the desired speed specified by the driver, provided the traffic situation permits; otherwise, the vehicle's own speed is automatically adjusted to the traffic situation.

Security functions are now available in many different forms. Functions for reducing the braking or stopping distance in emergency situations through to autonomous emergency braking form one group. Another group are lane change functions: They warn the driver or intervene in the steering if the driver wants to change lanes dangerously, i.e. if a vehicle is in the adjacent lane either in the blind spot (referred to as BSD - "Blind Spot Detection") - designated) or approaching rapidly from behind (LCA - “Lane Change Assist”).

In the meantime, however, the driver is no longer only assisted, but the driver's task is increasingly being carried out autonomously by the vehicle, i. H. the driver is increasingly being replaced; one speaks of autonomous driving.

Radar sensors are used for systems of the type described above, often in fusion with sensors of other technologies, such as e.g. B. Camera sensors. Radar sensors have i.a. the advantage that they work reliably even in poor weather conditions and, in addition to the distance from objects, can also directly measure their radial relative speed using the Doppler effect. As a rule, 24GHz, 77GHz and 79GHz are used as transmission frequencies.

Due to the increasing functional scope of such systems, the requirements are constantly increasing, especially with regard to the maximum detection range. At the same time, however, there is a sharp fall in prices.

In addition to the environment detection of motor vehicles for systems of the type described above, the interior monitoring of motor vehicles is now also coming into focus, e.g. B. to identify which seats are occupied; frequencies in the 60GHz range are used. The radar sensors used for this must be particularly cost-effective in order to be able to compete with other interior surveillance technologies.

A central element of every radar sensor is the antenna; it largely defines the performance and the price of the sensor. Currently, the antennas are mostly implemented in planar technology on the high-frequency circuit board, e.g. B. as patch antennas. Disadvantages of such an antenna implementation are on the one hand the losses in the feed lines and antennas themselves (which limits the range) and on the other hand the high costs for such a circuit board (especially because special high-frequency capable substrates are required, which are expensive and require complex processing).

Out of DE 102018203106 A1 a basic structure of a generic radar sensor is known, which overcomes the disadvantages of planar technology in that a waveguide antenna made of plastic and a high-frequency component with at least one element for direct emission or reception is used, with the waveguide antenna and high-frequency component being on opposite sides of the circuit board and the coupling between the high-frequency component and the waveguide antenna takes place through the circuit board, e.g. B. via a simple hole in the circuit board. The antenna shown there as an example has internal waveguide channels, ie it must be composed of at least two layers.

Object, solution and advantages of the invention

The object of the invention is, based on the prior art (e.g. for the general concept DE 102018203106 A1 ) to propose a structure which, on the one hand, reduces the number of layers of the molded part required to realize the antenna and, on the other hand, does not require a special high-frequency component with elements for direct emission or reception, but is suitable for a conventional high-frequency component in which the high-frequency signals are transmitted via electrical connections from the component to the circuit board.

In principle, this object is achieved by a radar system according to claim 1 . Expedient developments of the invention are claimed in the dependent claims.

The advantages of the invention result from the fact that a radar system with improved performance and a lower price can be implemented in a robust and simple manner, and conventional high-frequency components can be used in the process.

• - eine Platine, welche mindestens ein Hochfrequenzbauteil trägt, wobei Hochfrequenzsignale über elektrische Anschlüsse vom Bauteil zur Platine geführt sind, und
• - ein Formteil, welches an seiner Oberseite eine oder mehrere Einzelantennen zum Senden und/oder Empfangen von Radarsignalen aufweist,
• - wobei die elektrische Verbindung zwischen der Platine und der mindestens einen Einzelantenne auf der Oberseite des Formteils zumindest teilweise durch einen innenliegenden Wellenleiter realisiert wird.

The radar system according to the invention for detecting the surroundings has the following:

• - A circuit board which carries at least one high-frequency component, with high-frequency signals being routed from the component to the circuit board via electrical connections, and
• - a molded part which has one or more individual antennas for transmitting and/or receiving radar signals on its upper side,
• - The electrical connection between the circuit board and the at least one individual antenna on the top of the molded part is at least partially realized by an internal waveguide.

• - das Formteil auf derselben Seite der Platine wie das wenigstens eine Hochfrequenzbauteil angeordnet und mit dieser insbesondere durch Lötung und/oder leitfähige Verklebung zumindest partiell und leitfähig verbunden ist,
• - wenigstens ein hohlförmiger Wellenleiter durch eine Vertiefung auf der der Platine zugewandten Seite des Formteils und eine metallisierte Oberfläche der Platine gebildet wird,
• - dieser wenigstens eine Wellenleiter von der Platine elektrisch gespeist wird und
• - durch diesen Aufbau das Formteil aus einem einlagigen zumindest partiell metallisierten Kunststoffteil oder einem einlagigen Metallteil, welches vorzugsweise durch Druckguss, Tiefziehen oder Biegetechnik hergestellt ist, bestehen kann oder besteht.

Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that

• - the molded part is arranged on the same side of the circuit board as the at least one high-frequency component and is at least partially and conductively connected to it, in particular by soldering and/or conductive bonding,
• - at least one hollow waveguide is formed by a depression on the side of the molded part facing the circuit board and a metallized surface of the circuit board,
• - This at least one waveguide is electrically fed by the circuit board and
• - Due to this structure, the molded part can consist of a single-layer, at least partially metallized plastic part or a single-layer metal part, which is preferably produced by die-casting, deep-drawing or bending technology.

Advantageously, the high-frequency electrical wiring between the high-frequency component and the waveguide formed by the circuit board and molded part can run at least in a section within the circuit board, in particular through a waveguide integrated in a substrate, and the molded part can be soldered or glued on top of this, in order to separate the high-frequency component and the through Circuit board and molding formed waveguide to prevent a connection through air.

Expediently, the molded part and circuit board can already be pressed together during the soldering process. The compression is preferably done by temporarily attached spring elements such. B. brackets and / or spring pins realized.

Alternatively, the pressing together can also be implemented by means of resilient elements integrated into the molded part, which are preferably connected to the circuit board by pressing in or clipping.

Furthermore, the molded part can have intended bending points, through which it can be arranged or pressed onto the circuit board more easily.

Solder beads, which are used for soldering and are part of the waveguide boundary, are preferably arranged on the side of the molded part facing the circuit board.

Expediently, the positioning of the molded part parallel to the circuit board can be realized by structures such as pegs and pins, which protrude from the molded part into recesses or holes in the circuit board.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one component can be arranged on the side of the circuit board facing the molded part, which is covered by a cavity in the molded part, the surface of which is preferably metallized.
Thermal contact can expediently be established between at least one component and the molded part, in particular by means of heat-conducting paste.

In addition, the present invention also includes a method for producing a radar system according to the invention, in which the molded part and the circuit board are pressed together during the soldering process.
The pressing together of molded part and circuit board is preferably carried out by temporarily attached spring elements such. B. brackets and / or spring pins, or integrated into the molded part resilient elements, which are preferably connected to the circuit board by pressing or clips.
Because predetermined bending points are provided, for example in the form of grooves, openings and/or webs, the molded part can be pressed onto the circuit board in a particularly simple manner.

character list

• 1 shows a high-frequency circuit board of a radar system according to the prior art.
• 2 shows the top (left) and bottom (right) of a cuboid plastic-based waveguide antenna.
• 3 shows a section through a radar sensor with direct emission from the top of a high-frequency chip into a waveguide antenna.
• 4 shows a section through a radar sensor with direct radiation from the underside of a high-frequency chip through openings in a circuit board into a waveguide antenna, which is located on the opposite side of the circuit board.
• 5 shows a section through the radar sensor according to the invention with a conventional high-frequency chip located on the upper side of the circuit board and a waveguide antenna, which is formed by a single-layer molded part and an at least partially metallized circuit board surface, the molded part and circuit board being at least partially conductively connected by soldering or gluing .
• In 6 the molded part is shown from its side facing the circuit board.
• 7 shows a temporary connection between the molded part and the circuit board during the soldering or gluing process using a spring pin.
• In 8th a spring element integrated into the molded part is shown for pressing the molded part and the circuit board together.
• 9 shows a molded part with intended bending points to make it easier to press the molded part and the circuit board together.

exemplary embodiments

Today, antennas for radar systems for detecting the surroundings are usually implemented as planar antennas on a high-frequency circuit board. In 1 shows a high-frequency circuit board with a high-frequency component, a so-called MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) and with three transmitting antennas (TX) and four receiving antennas (RX), the antennas each being composed of several individual radiators. The antennas are implemented as planar patch antennas.

The antennas and their leads from the high-frequency chip require a special substrate on the top layer of the high-frequency circuit board with material data suitable for high-frequency (e.g. defined thickness, defined dielectric constant, very low loss angle). In particular, the material costs of this special substrate and its processing (also because of the required high level of structural accuracy) lead to costs that are higher by a factor of a factor compared to a pure low-frequency circuit board of the same size and the same number of layers. In addition to the costs, however, the signal losses in the antennas and their feed lines are also disadvantageous. For a transmitting and a receiving antenna including feed lines, there is typically a power loss of around 6dB. Such a reduced sensor sensitivity can e.g. B. result in a 30% reduced maximum sensor range.

Due to the mentioned disadvantages of board-based antennas, so-called waveguide antennas are now being considered more and more. Here, antennas and their leads are realized with the help of waveguides, which in the simplest case represent rectangular cavities with metallic or metallized walls; this is why the term waveguide antenna is often used. Such an antenna can be designed as a cuboid plastic part and is, for example, 2 shown. As in 2 shown, there are openings for radiation on the top and openings for feeding on the bottom; Cavity structures run inside the plastic part, with all surfaces being metallized on the outside and inside (for the actual functionality, only the surfaces in the area of the waveguide and the individual antennas would have to be metallized, but for reasons of simple production, the entire surface is usually metallized); in 2 Not shown are depressions on the underside of the antenna for components located on the board underneath (in particular the high-frequency chip) and high-frequency lines to structures radiating into the waveguide antenna. Such an antenna is typically composed of at least two metallized layers in order to be able to realize internal waveguides; if three or more layers are used, it is also possible for high-frequency connections to cross. Since the arrangement of the individual antennas is now independent of the chip, as in 2 shown, the three transmitting antennas z. B. be arranged below the four receiving antennas (for the board-based antenna according to 1 they are arranged next to each other). Since the chip is no longer on the antenna level, smaller sensors can be implemented.

In addition to injection molding, 3D printing is now also an option as a manufacturing method for plastic antennas. Waveguide antennas made from plastic that is metallized on the surface typically have significant manufacturing and production costs compared to an all-metal realization cost advantages. Challenges with plastic-based waveguide antennas are the necessary accuracy of the structures and the precise connection of the several plastic layers - but new manufacturing processes are now making this possible.

In conventional high-frequency components, the high-frequency signals are fed from the component to the circuit board via electrical connections. For the use of waveguide antennas, this means that the high-frequency signals still have to be routed from the chip output to a structure on the circuit board that radiates into the waveguide antenna. It is true that the distances required for this can be quite short and thus the requirements on the high-frequency properties of the circuit board can be reduced, but this still requires a comparatively expensive and complex circuit board.

• - toleranzkritisch ist der Übergang vom Chip 3.6 in die Wellenleiterantenne 3.2; in die lange Toleranzkette geht insbesondere Folgendes ein: Lötung vom Chip, Dicke vom Chip, Toleranzen der Antenne;
• - direkter Kontakt der Antenne zum Chip (sowohl bei Produktion als auch über die Lebenszeit), wodurch der Chip geschädigt werden kann;
• - Chip 3.6 benötigt neben dem Siliziumkern 3.9, welcher hochfrequente, niederfrequente und digitale Schaltkreise enthält, nicht nur unten einen sogenannten Redistributionlayer 3.10, sondern auch oben einen weiteren Redistributionlayer 3.8 für die Abstrahlelemente 3.7;
• - Entwärmung vom Chip ist ungünstig, da Kunststoffantenne 3.2 und vorderes Kunststoffgehäuse 3.1 thermisch isolieren, so dass Wärme vom Chip fast ausschließlich nur über die Platine 3.3 abgeführt werden kann; die thermische Ankopplung des Chips an die metallische Sensorrückseite 3.5 über die Wärmeleitpaste 3.4 ist also nicht direkt, sondern nur durch die Platine hindurch möglich.

For this reason, efforts are being made to radiate directly from the top of the high-frequency chip into the waveguide antenna, as in 3 shown. However, this approach has some disadvantages:

• - The transition from chip 3.6 to waveguide antenna 3.2 is tolerance-critical; The long chain of tolerances includes the following in particular: soldering of the chip, thickness of the chip, tolerances of the antenna;
• - Direct contact between the antenna and the chip (both during production and over the lifetime), which can damage the chip;
• - In addition to the silicon core 3.9, which contains high-frequency, low-frequency and digital circuits, chip 3.6 requires not only a so-called redistribution layer 3.10 at the bottom, but also a further redistribution layer 3.8 at the top for the radiation elements 3.7;
• - Heat dissipation from the chip is unfavorable, since plastic antenna 3.2 and front plastic housing 3.1 thermally insulate, so that heat from the chip can be dissipated almost exclusively via circuit board 3.3; the thermal coupling of the chip to the metallic sensor back 3.5 via the heat-conducting paste 3.4 is therefore not possible directly, but only through the circuit board.

To avoid these disadvantages, DE 102018203106 A1 the general structure 4 suggested. The radiating elements 4.7 are now arranged on the underside of the chip 4.6, the chip 4.6 being on the opposite side of the circuit board 4.3 to the plastic antenna 4.2. The plastic antenna 4.2 is fed from the chip 4.6 through the circuit board 4.3, which is transparent to the radar waves at these points; high-frequency transitions from the chip 4.6 to the plastic antenna 4.2 are thus realized through the circuit board 4.3. Like in 4 shown, the permeability of the circuit board 4.3 can be realized simply through a hole in the circuit board 4.3, the side walls of the circuit board 4.3 then being metalized at this point, so that a type of waveguide is realized in each case. In the DE 102018203106 A1 The antenna shown as an example has internal waveguide channels, ie it must be composed of at least two layers - according to the antenna 4 the two layers are labeled 4.21 and 4.22.

As shown above, in order to avoid high-frequency signals on the circuit board, a special high-frequency component is required with elements implemented in the housing for direct transmission and reception. Due to the limited availability and possibly higher costs of such special high-frequency components, structures with conventional high-frequency components, which lead the high-frequency signals to the circuit board via electrical connections, are still being pursued. Due to the increased circuit board costs, it is important to design the waveguide antenna as inexpensively as possible. For this purpose, the following implementation according to the invention is proposed.

5 shows a waveguide antenna that is realized by soldering or conductive bonding of a metallic or at least partially superficially metallized single-layer molded part 5.2 onto the circuit board 5.3. In this way, three sides of internal waveguides 5.13 are realized by the molded part, and the fourth side is realized by the circuit board that is metallized on the surface there. Roughly speaking, the lower antenna position is 4.22 4 now replaced by board 5.3; of course, the groove for the waveguide in molded part 5.2 must now have the full depth of the waveguide. The advantage is that only a single-layer molded part is required, while e.g. B. the antenna 4 required two moldings; this leads to a significant price reduction and reduced overall height. The connection process used, i.e. soldering or gluing, is also inexpensive; In the simplest case, the molded part and the electronic components are soldered on in the same process, so that no additional process step is necessary.

While 5 shows the structure of the molded part and in particular its forward-radiating elements in a very simplified and schematic manner 6 the structure of the molded part 6.2 seen from the back in more detail. The hatched areas are indentations for waveguides 6.3 (hatched) and component cavities 6.4 (checkered hatching); 6.41 is the cavity for the high frequency component. Such cavities for components allow them to be electromagnetically shielded; it is assumed that the surfaces of the cavities are metallized. The slits 6.5 marked in white are openings to the top, which in turn is otherwise unstructured. The dotted area 6.6 represents the otherwise smooth rear side of the shaped part. At the beginning 6.31 of the waveguide, the feed from the circuit board takes place. In the feed area, the structure in the molded part can also be more complex in order to achieve better adaptation. In addition to the slots 6.5 shown, other structures such as e.g. B. horn radiator can be realized towards the top. It should be noted that in 6 assume that the chip's high frequency outputs are on opposite sides for RX and TX, while for 2 were accepted on adjacent pages. How out 6 As can be seen, with such a realization, individual antennas and high-frequency components can no longer lie on top of each other, so that a similar amount of area is required as if the antennas were realized on the printed circuit board, ie using planar technology.

To feed the waveguides from the circuit board, radiating elements implemented on the circuit board (e.g. so-called patches) can be used, which are each connected to the electrical connections of the high-frequency component via microstrip lines. However, the molded part must have a cutout above the microstrip lines and cannot be soldered, so that there is an air connection between the high-frequency component and the waveguides formed by the circuit board and molded part, which could be disadvantageous - for example with regard to insulation between the individual antennas. In order to avoid this connection via air between the waveguide and the high-frequency component, the high-frequency electrical wiring between the high-frequency component and the waveguide formed by the circuit board and the molded part must run at least in one section within the circuit board and be soldered or glued to the molded part. The partial electrical wiring inside the circuit board can be implemented using a waveguide integrated in a substrate, as is the case, for example, in EP000003100070B1 is presented. The output of this waveguide implemented in the circuit board can be designed in such a way that it feeds the wave directly (ie, for example without an explicit patch) into the waveguide implemented between the molded part and the circuit board.

An essential requirement for the realization of a waveguide through a molded part and circuit board is that there is a conductive connection between the molded part 6.2 and the circuit board underneath around the waveguide structures 6.3. Instead of a full-surface connection, individual points are also sufficient (with a spacing of typically <1 mm in a 77/79GHz radar system). A possible version of this is that the molded part is equipped with solder beads (balls) on the underside like a chip and is soldered to the circuit board via these.

It is advantageous for soldering or gluing if the molded part is as flat as possible on the back (of course only in the non-depressed areas). If the molded part is made of plastic using the injection molding process, thermoplastics as the base material are the simplest and cheapest solution in terms of production technology - however, the dimensional accuracy that can be achieved with thermoplastics and thus flatness and their thermal expansion behavior is generally not optimal. In addition, thermoplastics are not particularly heat-resistant, which can mean that a low-temperature soldering process is required when the molded part is soldered onto the circuit board. H. two separate soldering processes are then required.

These disadvantages can be avoided by using thermosets as the plastic base material; they deliver dimensionally stable and heat-resistant injection molded parts that also have a very smooth surface, which is important for the lowest possible loss waveguides (then you don’t need thick metallization layers to “smooth” the surfaces, but thin metallizations are sufficient, which saves costs). The disadvantage of molded parts made of duroplastics is that their production is generally somewhat more complex.

In addition to plastic molded parts produced by injection molding, the surface of which is metallized, other production processes and materials can also be used; e.g. B. Production with 3D printing and/or use of metallic base materials (e.g. aluminum die-casting or aluminum deep-drawing, possibly with subsequent surface finishing, or stamping and bending technology for metal sheets). It should be noted that, particularly in the case of single-layer molded parts, implementation as a fully metallic part can be acceptable in terms of costs. An advantage of fully metallic realization of the molded part is the better heat dissipation from the high-frequency component 5.6, especially if this is a thermal contact z. B. via thermal paste 5.4. with the molded part 5.2. Of course, such a thermal contact can also have a positive effect on heat dissipation in the case of a molded part made of plastic, in particular if a thermally conductive plastic is used.

If the molded part used is dimensionally accurate, it can be soldered or glued to the circuit board without being pressed. In order to avoid lateral, i.e. parallel displacement of the molded part to the circuit board (i.e. to ensure sufficiently precise lateral positioning), it is advantageous if there are protruding pegs or pins on the underside of the molded part, which protrude into corresponding holes in the circuit board.

In the case of molded parts that are less dimensionally stable, it may be necessary to press the antenna onto the circuit board during the soldering or gluing process, so that a sufficiently good soldering around the waveguide structures 6.3 is achieved. This can be done by pressing stamps from above and below.

Alternatively, it can be realized that before the soldering or gluing process, one or more resilient elements are attached to press the molded part and antenna together and these are then removed again after the soldering or gluing process; In addition to clamps, pins with a spring element can also be used, which are pressed from behind through a hole in the circuit board into a press-fit structure of the molded part, with a resilient element exerting a force on the circuit board from behind - an exemplary embodiment is in 7 shown, with the resilient element there consisting of a normal spring 7.6, which presses on one side against the head 7.5 of the pin 7.4 pressed into the molded part 7.2 and on the other side against the circuit board 7.3, so that the circuit board and the molded part are pressed together become (it's in 7 only a section of the entire arrangement is shown).

Instead of temporarily attaching separate resilient elements for the soldering or gluing process, these can also be implemented as an element of the molded part itself. 8th shows an example of this - above is a section of the molded part 8.2 made of metallized plastic from behind, below is a section through the molded part 8.2 and circuit board 8.3 in the compressed state. Structure 8.4, realized by a cavity pierced on three sides, carries a pin 8.5 protruding to the rear, which is pressed into a hole in plate 8.3; the spring effect is achieved by the structure 8.4 cut free on three sides and the use of an elastic plastic (e.g. made of thermoplastic); the breakthroughs for cutting free the structure 8.4 are denoted by 8.6.

Compressing is made easier if the molded part is as elastic as possible, which is achieved by predetermined bending points as in DE 102018213540 B3 suggested can be achieved. As in 9 shown as an example, the molded part can have deep grooves 9.7 and/or openings 9.8 for this purpose, so that thin, elastic connections or webs can be realized between individual areas of the molded part; Grooves can be made from the rear and/or front. In 9 the component cavities are not shown for reasons of illustration.

In the case of molded parts made of plastic, it can be advantageous with regard to the metallization process if the depressions for the waveguides are not narrow and deep at the same time. In the simplest case, waveguides are rectangular; it is therefore favorable if the wide side of the waveguide is parallel to the rear side and the narrow side represents or defines the depression. In the coupling area, however, there may not be enough space for such an orientation of a rectangular waveguide if the coupling points are close to one another. Then space-saving transition structures are required.

Small and shallow waveguides can also be realized in that their cross-section is not rectangular, but z. B. has a longitudinal raised ridge in the middle of one of the long sides; in technical jargon this is referred to as a "ridged waveguide".

So far, single-layer molded parts have been considered because they are the most cost-effective option. For complex antennas, the z. B. require a crossing of waveguides, at least one further layer is required. This at least one additional layer is preferably produced as an additional molded part using the same manufacturing process as the first molded part, and this at least one additional molded part is connected to the first molded part in the same process step (in particular by soldering or conductive adhesive bonding) as the connection between the first molded part and the circuit board realized.

• Bei einem Radarsystem wird in der Regel sowohl gesendet als auch empfangen. Vereinfachend wird in der obigen Beschreibung häufig nicht beides explizit ausgeführt bzw. unterschieden. Z. B. wird bei der Antenne oder den Elementen auf dem Chip von „(Ab)strahlen“ gesprochen - bei Empfangsantennen bedeutet das im Sinne der Erfindung natürlich „Empfangen“; und wenn beim Wellenleiter auf der Rückseite der Antenne von „Einspeisen“ gesprochen wird, dann bedeutet das im Sinne der Erfindung bei Empfangsantennen ein „Auskoppeln“.

Finally, the following should be noted:

• In a radar system, there is usually both transmission and reception. For reasons of simplification, both are often not explicitly stated or differentiated in the above description. For example, the antenna or the elements on the chip are referred to as "radiating" - in the case of receiving antennas, this of course means "receiving" within the meaning of the invention; and if the waveguide on the back of the antenna is referred to as "feeding in", then, in the context of the invention, this means "decoupling" in the case of receiving antennas.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102018203106 A1 [0010, 0011, 0030]
• EP 000003100070 B1 [0034]
• DE 102018213540 B3 [0043]

Claims (13)

Having a radar system for detecting the surroundings - a circuit board, which carries at least one high-frequency component, with high-frequency signals being routed from the component to the circuit board via electrical connections, and - a molded part which has one or more individual antennas on its upper side for transmitting and/or receiving radar signals, - the electrical connection between the circuit board and the at least one individual antenna on the upper side of the molded part being implemented at least partially by an internal waveguide, characterized in that - the molded part is arranged on the same side of the circuit board as the at least one high-frequency component and is connected to it, in particular by soldering and/or conductive bonding, at least partially and conductively connected, - at least one hollow waveguide is formed by a depression on the side of the molded part facing the circuit board and a metallized surface of the circuit board, - this at least ei ne waveguide is electrically fed from the circuit board and - due to this structure, the molded part can consist or consists of a single-layer, at least partially metallized plastic part or a single-layer metal part, which is preferably produced by die casting, deep drawing or bending technology. radar system claim 1 , characterized in that the high-frequency electrical wiring between the high-frequency component and the waveguide formed by the circuit board and the molded part runs at least in a section within the circuit board, in particular through a waveguide integrated in a substrate, and the molded part is soldered or glued on top of it, so as to between the high-frequency component and to prevent the waveguide formed by the circuit board and molding from being connected via air. Radar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded part and circuit board are pressed together during the soldering process. radar system claim 3 , characterized in that the pressing together is realized by temporarily attached spring elements, in particular clamps and/or spring pins. radar system claim 3 , characterized in that the pressing together is realized by integrated into the molded part resilient elements which are preferably connected to the circuit board by pressing or clipping. Radar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded part has intended bending points, in particular in the form of grooves, openings and/or webs, with the aid of which it can be arranged or pressed onto the circuit board. Radar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that solder beads are located on the side of the molded part facing the printed circuit board, which balls are used for soldering and represent part of the edge of the waveguide. Radar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning of the molded part parallel to the circuit board is realized by structures, in particular pegs and/or pins, which protrude from the molded part into recesses or holes in the circuit board. Radar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the side of the printed circuit board facing the molded part, at least one component, in particular the at least one high-frequency component, is covered, in particular by a cavity in the molded part, the surface of which is preferably metallic or metallized achieve electromagnetic shielding. radar system claim 9 , In which between the at least one component and the molded part, a thermal contact, in particular by thermal paste, is made. Method for manufacturing a radar system according to one of the preceding claims, in which the molded part and the circuit board are pressed together during the soldering process. procedure after claim 11 , characterized in that the pressing together of molded part and circuit board is realized by temporarily attached spring elements, in particular clamps and/or spring pins, or by resilient elements integrated into the molded part, which are preferably connected to the circuit board by pressing or clipping. procedure after claim 11 or 12 , characterized in that the molded part is pressed against the board with the aid of predetermined bending points, in particular in the form of grooves, openings and/or webs.

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