DE102021208292A1 - Method of creating a map of immissions in a geographic area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for creating a map of the immissions for a geographical area. The method comprises the following steps: - Receiving measurement data representing immissions at support points in the geographical area with a first spatial and temporal resolution; - Receiving meteorological data relating to the geographical area; - Creating the map by calculating data that immissions in represent the geographical area with a second spatial and temporal resolution, which is greater than the first resolution at least in terms of spatial resolution, from the measurement data and the meteorological data using a 3D CFD simulation.

Description

State of the art

From the DE 10 2020 205 273 A1 the applicant is already aware of a method for creating a map of the immissions in a geographical area, which is based on the recalculation of emission data using additional information.

The additional information can be obtained from immission measurements, for example to supplement, verify and/or check the calculated immission map for plausibility.

However, measuring stations for such immission measurements are comparatively expensive, so that in practice only a comparatively low spatial and temporal resolution of the measurement data received by immission measurements can be made available.

Advantages of the Invention

The inventors have recognized that creating a map of the immissions in the geographical area, which is greater than the resolution of the received measurement data, at least in terms of spatial resolution, from the measurement data and the meteorological data using a 3D CFD simulation is simple and easy high accuracy is available.

Within the scope of the invention, 3D-CFD simulation (computational fluid dynamics) is understood to mean numerical methods for dealing with spatial fluid-mechanical problems.

The geographical area is an actually existing part of the environment, for example covering the surface of a city or a region up to a certain altitude. Alternatively, it can also be a different part of the environment, for example a sea area or an airspace. A map of a geographic area includes, for example, support points and/or grid points arranged in the area and time-resolved immission values assigned to them.

The temporal resolution of this data, within the scope of the application, is preferably a temporal resolution that represents, for example, at least one data set per hour or more.

The emissions and/or the immissions can be, for example, NO, NO2, CO, SO2, CO2, O3 and/or particle masses, e.g. PM2.5, PM10. In principle, it can also be a matter of volatile substances with which odor nuisance is typically associated, for example in connection with animal husbandry, fertilization of agriculturally used areas, vapors and/or the like.

According to advantageous developments of the invention, the map is created using AI-based methods (artificial intelligence). The AI-based methods can be based on the use of training data that represent immissions in the geographical area with a third spatial and temporal resolution that is greater than the first resolution, at least in terms of spatial resolution. For example, the training data can be obtained by means of temporarily used additional measuring devices in a training phase that precedes the actual method according to the invention, for example once.

For example, a neural network can be trained to map the measurement data onto the training data, in particular as a function of the meteorological data.

Advantageously, it can be provided that the creation of the map, in particular the 3D CFD simulation, in addition to the measurement data and the meteorological data, information about a terrain topography and/or terrain topology and/or information about buildings in the geographical area; and/or uses information about emissions in the geographic area. The receipt of data representing these quantities can be provided as a step in the method.

Provision can advantageously be made for the creation of the map to be based on the Gaussian process regression method (also known as the kriging method).

In a further development of this method, it can be provided that information about the buildings in the geographical area is used, in that distances between the interpolation points in the geographical area are determined and further charged, taking the buildings into account. For example, instead of geometric distances between support points, the path lengths along paths that connect support points between elements of the building are determined and further calculated.

The creation of the map, in particular the 3D CFD simulation, can be relative to the period which the received data represent, be directed towards the future, i.e. reflect a trend (English: forecast).

In this case, information relating to the development of the geographical area, for example a building layer, can be taken into account, for example integrated into the trend as covariates.

Additionally or alternatively, information about emissions in the geographical area can be taken into account, for example integrated into the trend. The receipt of data representing the emissions can be provided as a step of the method.

Advantageously, in addition to creating the map, the received measurement data can be checked for plausibility, for example on the basis of a “leave individual boxes” method. The latter can, for example, provide indications of the need to check the measurement data, for example a measurement device on which certain measurement data are based.

Based on the immissions map created according to the invention, immissions maps with a lower temporal resolution can be generated by averaging, for example starting from an hourly resolution to a daily, weekly or monthly resolution.

In principle, the methodology presented can also be applied to the spread of pollutants and/or viruses within buildings. The latter also represent in particular a geographical area within the meaning of the invention.

The invention also relates to a computer program that is set up to carry out the steps of the method according to one of the preceding claims, a non-volatile memory on which such a computer program is stored, and a computing unit that includes such a non-volatile memory.

character list

• 1 shows an example of the sequence of the method according to the invention in a flow chart.
• 2 shows an example of a geographical area.
• 3 shows two methods for determining the distance within the framework of the kriging method.

Description of the exemplary embodiments

Based on the in the 1 illustrated flow chart is a first embodiment of the invention illustrated. This is, for example, a method that generates output variables 3 on the basis of input variables 1 with computational models 2 .

In the example, the input variables 1 are: measurement data 1.0 and meteorological input data 1.1, for example in the form of transients 1.1a or classifications 1.1b, topographical data 1.2, data relating to agricultural use 1.3; Data concerning the extension of buildings in the geographical area 1.4, as well as high-resolution topography data 1.5. In the example, further input variables relate to emissions 1.6, for example spatially and temporally resolved. The emissions 1.6 can be generated, for example, by traffic, industry or the like.

In the example, the following calculation models are provided: Meteorological models 2.1, into which, for example, meteorological input data 1.1, for example in the form of transients 1.1a or classifications 1.1b, topographical data 1.2 and data relating to agricultural use 1.3 are included; Flow models 2.2, in which, for example, data relating to the extent of buildings in the geographical area 1.4, high-resolution topographical data 1.5, and the output variables of the meteorological models 2.1 are included; Dispersion models 2.3, which include, for example, the output variables of the flow models 2.2 and the emissions 1.6.

In the example, the output variables 3 of the calculation models 2 are low-resolution (e.g. 50-300m) flow fields 3.1 as output variables of the meteorological models 2.1; high-resolution (e.g. 1-5m) river fields 3.2 as output values of the river models 2.2; and the immission map 3.3 as the output variable of the dispersion model 2.3.

2 illustrates an example of a geographical area 100 with buildings 101, currents 102 (wind) and measuring points 103 drawn therein 2 . It can be seen that the prevailing flow between the elements of the development 101 (eg buildings) is deflected and/or weakened locally to a greater or lesser extent.

3 shows in parts a and b a section from the in the 2 shown map 100. The following can be seen therein: The calculation of the distances d between the measuring points len 102 takes place in part a according to the straight line I as its length, while in part b it is a function of the buildings 101, the wind direction 102 and the topology and is represented as path p and given by its path length J dp.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102020205273 A1 [0001]

Claims (11)

Method for creating a map (3.3) of the immissions for a geographical area (100), comprising the following steps: - Receiving measurement data (1.0) representing immissions at support points (103) in the geographical area (100) with a first spatial and temporal resolution; - receiving meteorological data (1.1) relating to the geographic area (100); - Creation of the map (3.3) by calculating data representing immissions in the geographical area (100) with a second spatial and temporal resolution that is greater than the first resolution, at least in terms of spatial resolution, from the measurement data (1.0) and the meteorological data (1.1) using a 3D CFD simulation. procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that the creation of the map (100) using Al-based methods, the Al-based methods are based on the use of training data, the immissions in the geographical area (100) with a third spatial and temporal resolution represent, which is greater than the first resolution at least in terms of spatial resolution. procedure after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the creation of the map (100), in particular the 3D CFD simulation, in addition to the measurement data (1.1) and the meteorological data (1.1) information about a terrain topography and / or terrain topology (1.5) and / or information about a building (102) of the geographic area (100) and/or information about emissions in the geographic area (100). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the creation of the map (100) is based on the Gaussian process regression method. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that within the framework of the Gaussian process regression, information about the buildings (102) of the geographical area (103) is used by calculating distances between the support points (103) in the geographical area, taking into account the buildings (102 ) are determined and passed on. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the creation of the map (3.3) includes a trend prediction, in particular within the 3D CFD simulation. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the trend prediction makes use of: - information about a building (102) of the geographical area, in particular based on a building layer as a covariate and/or - information about emissions (1.6) in the geographical area ( 100). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition to the creation of the map (3.3), a plausibility check of the received measurement data (1.0) takes place, in particular based on a "leave individual boxes out" method. Computer program set up to carry out the steps of the method according to one of the preceding claims. Non-volatile memory on which is stored a computer program according to the preceding claim. Electronic processing unit comprising a non-volatile memory according to the preceding claim.

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