DE102021127381A1 - Hypoglycemia early warning system and early warning procedures - Google Patents
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- 208000013016 Hypoglycemia Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000002218 hypoglycaemic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 5
- OWFXIOWLTKNBAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl nitrite Chemical compound CC(C)CCON=O OWFXIOWLTKNBAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrate Chemical compound CO[N+]([O-])=O LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 methyl nitrate acetone ethylbenzene ethanol Chemical compound 0.000 claims 2
- ZPIZRHAHXTZZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;propane Chemical compound OC.CCC ZPIZRHAHXTZZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010009866 Cold sweat Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000004104 gestational diabetes Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010052804 Drug tolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000003443 Unconsciousness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002920 convulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000026781 habituation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037081 physical activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/082—Evaluation by breath analysis, e.g. determination of the chemical composition of exhaled breath
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/083—Measuring rate of metabolism by using breath test, e.g. measuring rate of oxygen consumption
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
- G01N33/4975—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath other than oxygen, carbon dioxide or alcohol, e.g. organic vapours
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
- A61B5/097—Devices for facilitating collection of breath or for directing breath into or through measuring devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/746—Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hypoglykämie-Frühwarnsystem mit einer im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Kapsel (12), einem Gasspektrographen und/oder Partikeldetektor (14), einer Gasleitung (16) die von der geschlossenen Kapsel zum Gasspektrographen und/oder Partikeldetektor führt. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Frühwarnverfahren zum Erkennen einer Hypoglykämie.The invention relates to a hypoglycemia early warning system with an essentially closed capsule (12), a gas spectrograph and/or particle detector (14), a gas line (16) leading from the closed capsule to the gas spectrograph and/or particle detector. The invention also relates to an early warning method for detecting hypoglycemia.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hypoglykämie-Frühwarnsystem sowie ein Frühwarnverfahren zum Erkennen einer Hypoglykämie.The invention relates to a hypoglycemia early warning system and an early warning method for detecting hypoglycemia.
Eine starke Unterzuckerung kann zu schwerwiegenden Schäden bis hin zum Tod der betroffenen Person führen. In den meisten Fällen tritt zunächst ein Verlust des Bewusstseins auf. Obwohl die meisten Betroffenen durch Schulungsmaßnahmen auf das Erkennen der entsprechenden Anzeichen einer Unterzuckerung (wie zum Beispiel kalter Schweiß etc.) vorbereitet werden, kann trotzdem nicht jede Unterzuckerung von den Betroffenen erkannt werden. Hinzu kommt, dass häufige leichte Unterzuckerungen das Risiko für eine starke Unterzuckerung vergrößern und das Erkennen aufgrund des Gewöhnungseffekts langfristig erschweren.Severe hypoglycaemia can cause serious damage and even death to the person concerned. In most cases, loss of consciousness occurs first. Although most of those affected are prepared through training measures to recognize the corresponding signs of hypoglycaemia (such as cold sweat, etc.), not every hypoglycaemia can be recognized by those affected. In addition, frequent slight hypoglycaemia increases the risk of severe hypoglycaemia and makes it more difficult to recognize in the long term due to the habituation effect.
Diabetiker können im Verdachtsfall durch eine einfache Blutzuckermessung, wie sie aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt ist, den Blutzuckerspiegel bestimmen und im Falle einer Unterzuckerung durch Trinken von Fruchtsaft oder ähnliche Maßnahmen das Problem schnell lösen. Problematisch ist, wenn die drohende Unterzuckerung nicht rechtzeitig erkannt wird.In case of suspicion, diabetics can determine the blood sugar level by a simple blood sugar measurement, as is known from the prior art, and, in the case of hypoglycaemia, can quickly solve the problem by drinking fruit juice or similar measures. It is problematic if the impending hypoglycaemia is not recognized in time.
Informationen zum Stand der Technik können den folgenden Veröffentlichungen entnommen werden:
- [1] Minh et al.: Noninvasive measurement of plasma glucose from exhaled breath in healthy and type 1 diabetic subjects, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118590/
- [2] Halbritter et al.: Human Breath Gas Analysis in the Screening of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, http://www.nrbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459034/
- [3] DLR eNOSE, http://www.dlr.de.dir.desktopdefault.aspx/tapid-10081/151 read-6433/vear-all/
- [4] Airsense PEN, http://www.airsense.com/en/products/portableelectronic-nose
- [5] Diabetiker-Warnhunde: Sensor auf vier Pfoten: http://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/index.php?id=33245
- [1] Minh et al.: Noninvasive measurement of plasma glucose from exhaled breath in healthy and type 1 diabetic subjects, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3118590/
- [2] Halbritter et al.: Human Breath Gas Analysis in the Screening of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, http://www.nrbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459034/
- [3] DLR eNOSE, http://www.dlr.de.dir.desktopdefault.aspx/tapid-10081/151 read-6433/vear-all/
- [4] Airsense PEN, http://www.airsense.com/en/products/portableelectronic-nose
- [5] Diabetic warning dogs: sensor on four paws: http://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/index.php?id=33245
Nachteilig am Stand der Technik ist, dass ein Betroffener die Anzeichen einer drohendenden Unterzuckerung, wie kalter Schweiß oder krampfartiges Schütteln, zu spät oder gar nicht wahrnimmt. Dies ist insbesondere während des Schlafs oder bei körperlichen Aktivitäten ein Problem.The disadvantage of the prior art is that a person affected notices the signs of an imminent hypoglycaemia, such as cold sweat or convulsive shaking, too late or not at all. This is especially a problem during sleep or physical activity.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Systeme bekannt, die kontinuierlich die Glukosekonzentration im Plasma (CGM) oder dem Fettgewebe (Flash-Monitoring) überwachen.Systems are known from the prior art which continuously monitor the glucose concentration in the plasma (CGM) or in the adipose tissue (flash monitoring).
Praktikable nicht-invasive Systeme zur dauerhaften Überwachung des Blutzuckerspiegels im Falle einer Unterzuckerung stehen bisher nicht zur Verfügung.Practical, non-invasive systems for the permanent monitoring of blood sugar levels in the event of hypoglycaemia are not yet available.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Hypoglykämie-Frühwarnsystem sowie ein Frühwarnverfahren zum Erkennen einer Hypoglykämie bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is to provide a hypoglycemia early warning system and an early warning method for detecting hypoglycemia.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 5.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claims 1 and 5.
Das erfindungsgemäße Hypoglykämie-Frühwarnsystem weist eine im Wesentlichen geschlossene Kapsel auf. Hierbei kann es sich beispielsweise um die Fahrgastzelle eines Kraftfahrzeugs, um das Cockpit eines Fluggeräts, beispielsweise eines Flugzeugs oder um ähnliche Kapseln handeln, die im Wesentlichen gasdicht verschlossen sind. Wichtig ist hierbei, dass die Kapsel soweit gasdicht ist, dass Atemgase der zu überwachenden Personen oder andere Partikel, die von dieser ausgestoßen werden, dort in höherer Konzentration gesammelt werden als in der Umgebung. Diese Atemgase und/oder Partikel sollen erfindungsgemäß zur Erkennung einer Hypoglykämie verwendet werden. Dies erfolgt durch einen Gasspektrographen und/oder Partikeldetektor, der über eine Gasleitung mit der geschlossenen Kapsel verbunden ist.The hypoglycemia early warning system according to the invention has an essentially closed capsule. This can be, for example, the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, the cockpit of an aircraft, for example an airplane, or similar capsules that are sealed in a substantially gas-tight manner. It is important here that the capsule is gas-tight to such an extent that the breathing gases of the persons to be monitored or other particles emitted by them are collected there in higher concentrations than in the surrounding area. According to the invention, these breathing gases and/or particles are to be used to detect hypoglycemia. This is done using a gas spectrograph and/or particle detector, which is connected to the closed capsule via a gas line.
Beim Detektieren einer Gasmenge eines oder mehrerer der genannten Gase und/oder einer bestimmten Menge von Bakterien, Mikroorganismen oder anderen Partikeln wird von einer Hypoglykämie ausgegangen. Es erfolgt das Ausgeben eines Warnsignals, sodass der Blutzucker der Betroffenen Person durch ein aus dem Stand der Technik bekanntes Messverwahren bestimmt werden kann. Hier kann es sich insbesondere um ein invasives Verfahren unter Verwendung des Blutes der betroffenen Person handeln.Hypoglycaemia is assumed if a quantity of gas of one or more of the named gases and/or a specific quantity of bacteria, microorganisms or other particles is detected. A warning signal is output so that the blood sugar of the person concerned can be determined by a measurement procedure known from the prior art. In particular, this can be an invasive procedure using the blood of the person concerned.
Die dauerhafte Überwachung des Blutzuckerspiegels der betroffenen Person kann jedoch nicht-invasiv erfolgen. Es genügt, wenn sich diese Person in der geschlossenen Kapsel aufhält und normal atmet.However, the permanent monitoring of the affected person's blood sugar level can be done non-invasively. It is sufficient if this person stays in the closed capsule and breathes normally.
Bevorzugt weist das Frühwarnsystem eine Pumpe auf, durch die eine insbesondere kontinuierliche und/oder periodische Zufuhr von Gas von der geschlossenen Kapsel zum Gasspektrographen und/oder Partikeldetektor erfolgt. Hierdurch kann das Gas, beziehungsweise die Gaszusammensetzung, durch den Gasspektrographen analysiert werden oder andere Partikel durch den Partikeldetektor detektiert werden.The early warning system preferably has a pump, through which gas is supplied, in particular continuously and/or periodically, from the closed capsule to the gas spectrograph and/or particle detector. This allows the gas, or the gas composition, to be analyzed by the gas spectrograph the particle or other particles are detected by the particle detector.
Bevorzugt ist der Gasspektrograph als elektronische Nase ausgebildet. Hierbei kann beispielsweise die DLR eNose gemäß Veröffentlichung [3] verwendet werden.The gas spectrograph is preferably designed as an electronic nose. For example, the DLR eNose according to publication [3] can be used here.
Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, dass durch den Gasspektrographen eine Detektion eines oder mehrerer der folgenden Gase erfolgt:
- Methylnitrat
- Azeton
- Ethylbenzol
- Ethanol,
- Iso-Pentylnitrit
- Propan
- Methanol
- methyl nitrate
- acetone
- ethylbenzene
- ethanol,
- iso-pentyl nitrite
- propane
- methanol
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Frühwarnverfahren zum Erkennen einer Hypoglykämie mit den folgenden Verfahrensschritten:
- Zuführen eines Gases zu einem Gasspektrographen und/oder Partikeldetektor (14),
- wobei durch den Gasspektrographen (14) eine Detektion eines oder mehrerer der folgenden Gase erfolgt:
- Methylnitrat
- Azeton
- Ethylbenzol
- Ethanol,
- Iso-Pentylnitrit
- Propan
- Methanol
- und/oder durch den Partikeldetektor eine Detektion von Bakterien, Mikroorganismen oder anderen Partikeln erfolgt
- wobei beim Detektieren einer Gasmenge eines oder mehrerer dieser Gase und/oder einer bestimmten Menge von Bakterien, Mikroorganismen oder anderen Partikeln von einer Hypoglykämie ausgegangen wird und das Ausgeben eines Warnsignals erfolgt.
- Supplying a gas to a gas spectrograph and/or particle detector (14),
- wherein the gas spectrograph (14) detects one or more of the following gases:
- methyl nitrate
- acetone
- ethylbenzene
- ethanol,
- iso-pentyl nitrite
- propane
- methanol
- and/or the particle detector detects bacteria, microorganisms or other particles
- wherein if a quantity of gas of one or more of these gases and/or a specific quantity of bacteria, microorganisms or other particles is detected, hypoglycemia is assumed and a warning signal is emitted.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann sämtliche Merkmale der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung aufweisen sowie umgekehrt.The method according to the invention can have all the features of the device according to the invention and vice versa.
Im Folgenden wird eine bevorzuge Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand einer Figur erläutert:
- Die Figur zeigt einen portablen Gasspektrographen, der beispielsweise in Form der DLR eNose ausgebildet werden kann. Durch einen solchen Gasspektrographen erfolgt in einer Gas-Probe ein Detektieren der Existenz und des Mischungsverhältnisses bestimmter Gase, die als „volatile organic compounds“ bezeichnet werden.
- The figure shows a portable gas spectrograph, which can be designed in the form of the DLR eNose, for example. Such a gas spectrograph detects the existence and mixing ratio of specific gases in a gas sample, which are referred to as “volatile organic compounds”.
Dem Gasspektrographen 14 wird über eine Gasleitung 16 die Atemluft einer zu überwachenden Person zugeführt, die sich beispielsweise in einer geschlossenen Kammer aufhalten kann. Die Auswertung kann in einer Steuervorrichtung 18 erfolgen. Alternativ kann die Vorrichtung auch ähnlich einem Alkoholtest in der Form verwendet werden, dass die zu testende Person in einen Schlauch bläst, wodurch ihre Atemluft dem Gasspektrographen zugeführt wird.The breathing air of a person to be monitored, who may be in a closed chamber, for example, is supplied to the
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021127381.1A DE102021127381A1 (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Hypoglycemia early warning system and early warning procedures |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021127381.1A DE102021127381A1 (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Hypoglycemia early warning system and early warning procedures |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| DE102021127381A1 true DE102021127381A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
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| DE102021127381.1A Pending DE102021127381A1 (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Hypoglycemia early warning system and early warning procedures |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070265509A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2007-11-15 | Smiths Detection Inc. | Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry |
| US20090163825A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | The Cooper Health System | Non-Invasive Method and System of Signaling a Hyper or Hypoglycemic State |
-
2021
- 2021-10-21 DE DE102021127381.1A patent/DE102021127381A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070265509A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2007-11-15 | Smiths Detection Inc. | Detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of a medical condition or disease with artificial olfactometry |
| US20090163825A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | The Cooper Health System | Non-Invasive Method and System of Signaling a Hyper or Hypoglycemic State |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| HALBRITTER, Susanne [u.a.]: Human breath gas analysis in the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus. In: Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, Vol. 14, 2012, No. 10, S. 917-925. - ISSN 1520-9156 (P); 1557-8593 (E). DOI: 10.1089/dia.2012.0076. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3459034/pdf/dia.2012.0076.pdf [abgerufen am 2021-12-23] |
| MINH, Timothy D. C. [u.a.]: Noninvasive measurement of plasma glucose from exhaled breath in healthy and type 1 diabetic subjects. In: American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 300, 2011, No. 6, S. E1166 - E1175. - ISSN 0193-1849 (P); 1522-1555 (E). DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00634.2010. URL: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpendo.00634.2010 [abgerufen am 2021-12-23] |
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