DE102021120871B4 - Apparatus and method for adjusting an axle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and a method for adjusting an axis, also referred to as an axis of rotation, such as is used, for example, in a plane grating monochromator for rotating the plane mirror and plane grating. The device (V) comprises a stator (2) for static connection to an axis (A1, A2) to be adjusted and a rotor (1), the rotor (1) on the stator (2) being offset in four positions by 90° Positions (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) and means for positively and coaxially receiving the device on an axis (A1, A2) to be adjusted arranged on the stator (2), a plane mirror (3) which is mounted on the rotor (1 ) is arranged and can be tilted at at least two tipping points (4a, 4b) in relation to the rotor (1), and wherein the plane mirror and the at least two tipping points (4a, 4b) are arranged symmetrically to the center point of the rotor and one for the rotation of the rotor (1) centered target mark (8). The method according to the invention associated with the device (V) is characterized in that the device is first adjusted to the axis of rotation, an axis (A1, A2) to be adjusted, which itself only needs to be rotatable within a limited range for this purpose, using the full range of rotation of the rotor (1) of the device (V) and then the axis (A1, A2) to be adjusted is adjusted to a predetermined direction in space using the pre-adjusted device (V). The method uses a second theodolite with autocollimation and a focally adjustable telescope (T).

Description

technical field

The present invention relates to a device and a method for adjusting an axis, also referred to as an axis of rotation, such as is used, for example, in a plane grating monochromator for monochromatizing X-ray radiation for rotating the plane mirror and plane grating.

State of the art

Plane grating monochromators are known from the prior art and are described, for example, in Article 1 by F. Senf et al. (A plane-grating monochromator beamline for the PTB undulators at BESSY II; Journal of Synchrotron Radiation Vol. 5, 1998, pp. 780-782). They essentially consist of a plane mirror and a plane grating. In the plane grating monochromators, the light or the X-ray radiation is diffracted by means of the plane grating, which can also be designed as a reflection grating, whereby monochromatization is achieved. Only the diffracted part of the incident light or the incident X-rays is used further in the beam path behind the planar grating monochromator. Monochromatization here means a limitation of the spectral width, i.e. the wavelength range around a specific wavelength for which the diffraction conditions at the plane grating are fulfilled. The quality of the monochromatization depends in particular on the spectral width. The narrower the wavelength range in the diffracted beam, the better the monochromatization performance. By using a plane mirror, the light is shifted in height in the further beam path or in advance. With a known line density d of the plane grating, a specific wavelength λ can be selected from an incident beam by setting the corresponding diffraction angle α+β by diffraction at the plane grating, whereby this beam is monochromatized in the further beam path. Plane gratings and plane mirrors are usually housed in an evacuable housing with entry and exit windows for the radiation and are each provided with drives with which they can be rotated about an axis of rotation that is perpendicular to the incident beam and lies in the plane of the plane grating or plane mirror .

An essay 1 generic monochromator is in DE 30 45 931 A1 disclosed. A plane grating monochromator working with grazing incidence is disclosed in a monochromator chamber, which uses a planar pre-mirror to throw a beam of wave radiation to be spectrally split (to be monochromatized) in grazing incidence onto a diffraction grating. Furthermore, the monochromator comprises an exit slit in the chamber, a concave mirror for focusing the radiation split by the diffraction grating onto the exit slit, and an adjustment mechanism coupled to the pre-mirror and the diffraction grating. This mechanism enables a predetermined adjustment of the angle of incidence and reflection of the radiation with respect to the plane of the diffraction grating and this depending on the wavelength, which is provided for monochromatization and is to be focused by the concave mirror onto the exit slit.

The alignments or adjustments of the plane grating and the plane mirror to each other and to the beam and possible other optics in the beam path or target locations are the decisive parameters on which the quality of the monochromatization depends. Of central importance is the alignment of the axis of rotation of the plane grating to the axis of rotation of the plane mirror, which are ideally oriented parallel to one another, and the alignment of both axes in relation to an X-ray beam incident on the plane grating monochromator, with the axes in an ideal Way perpendicular to the X-ray beam are aligned. In the case of plane grating monochromators, as well as possibly other devices in which axes are provided for rotation, the fact that the axes can only be rotated within a very limited range, e.g. approx. 10° - 30° in the plane grating monochromator, hinders adjustment , since not the entire (360°) or at least half of a possible rotation (180°) is available for the adjustment.

task

The object of the present invention is to specify a device and an associated method with which an axis, e.g the axis.

The object is solved by the features of claims one and four. Advantageous embodiments are subject matter of the dependent claims.

The device according to the invention for adjusting an axle comprises at least the components described below. The device can also be designed as a kit, in which the device can be assembled from two or more components, which can each comprise one or more components of the device is. The composition of the components of the kit can result in particular when the device is mounted on an axis to be adjusted.

The device initially comprises a component that can be addressed as a stator in conjunction with a component that can be addressed as a rotor. The stator is intended for static connection with the axis to be adjusted, which results in the property as a stator. The rotor is freely rotatable relative to the stator about a common axis of rotation. The rotor is advantageously connected to the stator and mounted for rotation via a radial bearing. The radial bearing is advantageously designed as a ball bearing, other designs than roller bearings, such as tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, needle bearings, etc., can also be used, as well as plain bearings in principle.

According to the invention, the rotor can also be locked on the stator in four positions, each offset by 90°. The four positions can result from four locking positions on the stator, each offset by 90°, and a locking position on the rotor that interacts with the four locking positions on the stator, or vice versa, by four locking positions specified on the rotor, which are connected to a locking position on the interact with the stator. The locking can be provided by interacting means on the rotor and stator, such as hooks and eyes, means for locking and locking positions, clamps, etc. and advantageously by bores and a locking bolt, as the latter is also provided in a first embodiment. The four positions, each offset by 90° from one another, enable alignment with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor and the stator, which is sufficient for adjustment. This is done by an alignment, which is carried out in each of the four positions and this in a particularly advantageous manner, in which, in each case in two positions offset by 180 ° -diametrical positions- and in particular in the space vertical and horizontal alignment of the diametrical positions, alternately an alignment in the two diametrical positions can be carried out separately. The vertical and horizontal alignment of the diametrical positions facilitates the orientation of a person skilled in the art using the device to carry out the associated method according to the invention. The stator is advantageously to be arranged on an axis to be adjusted in such a way that the four locking positions are oriented in pairs vertically and horizontally by eye.

Rotor and stator and possibly the parts of the rotary bearing and other leading parts are advantageously manufactured on a lathe. Due to the type of execution, this type of production always brings a high degree of accuracy of the workpieces in relation to the axis of rotation used during production and thus predetermined, i.e. in other words, a high degree of coaxial accuracy. This accuracy is included in the accuracy of the adjustment to be achieved with the device according to the invention and a method carried out with it.

A means for positively and coaxially receiving the device on an axis to be adjusted is arranged on the stator. The means is provided in an advantageous manner by the form-fitting design of the stator at one end of the axis to be adjusted, i.e. the negative design of the positive shape of the axis end in the center of the stator. In particular, the design as a cylinder (the axis) and a complementary hole/bore (on the stator) should be mentioned here. However, other designs familiar to those skilled in the art, such as a square or hexagonal end of the axle and a corresponding square or hexagon socket on the stator, can also be used. Advantageously, the means for the form-fitting reception is also to be equipped with a means for locking the device, i.e. the stator of the device, on the axis to be adjusted. This means can be provided, for example, by a bore in the axle, with which the stator can be screwed to the axle, as corresponds to a second embodiment in the form of a bolt with a target. Other locking means, such as clamps, magnetic components, locking bolts, etc., known to those skilled in the art may also be used.

According to the invention, a plane mirror is arranged on the rotor, which can be tilted at at least two tilting points in relation to the stator and the rotor. The two points should not be on a line with the axis of rotation of the rotor, since in this position adjustment can only be made in one direction in relation to a rotation of the rotor. The tilting of the plane mirror in relation to the stator is the possibility of alignment that should be emphasized for the adjustment of an axis with the device according to the invention. The final orientation of the plane mirror perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the stator makes it possible to use the plane mirror to adjust the axis to be adjusted. A plane mirror that can be tilted in at least two tilting points is known to the person skilled in the art as an adjustment device that is familiar in optics and astronomy. Such a device is borrowed from the Anglo-Saxon as "kinematic mirror mount", or "mirror mount" for short, in German roughly "plan mirror tilting axis adjustment", and is known, for example, in U.S. 2010/0 207 005 A1 disclosed. In particular, the plane mirror and the two pivot points are oriented symmetrically with respect to the center of the rotor of the device. This offers the advantage of facilitating the use of the device.

The device also has a target centered on the axis of rotation of the stator. The target can be performed integrated on the stator or z. B., as it also corresponds to the second embodiment, as a part, e.g. as a screw or bolt, of the means for the form-fitting reception of the device on the axle.

The method according to the invention for adjusting an axis using a device according to the invention comprises at least the steps listed below.

First of all, the objects and equipment needed to carry out the procedure must be made available. This includes the provision of an axis to be adjusted. In this case, each axis that is suitable for receiving a device according to the invention, such as is described above, can be adjusted. In particular, an axis of a planar grating monochromator is to be provided for adjustment.

Furthermore, a device according to the invention for adjusting an axle, such as is described above and characterized in claims 1 to 3, is to be provided.

In addition, a second theodolite with an autocollimation device and a focus-adjustable telescope must be provided to carry out the procedure. Secondary theodolites with an autocollimation device and a focally adjustable telescope are known to the person skilled in the art and can usually be purchased.

In order to adjust the axis using the theodolite and the device according to the invention, a measuring network must ultimately be provided in space. Since the axis has to be aligned perpendicular to a specific direction in space, which can be given, for example, by the direction of incidence of an X-ray beam on a plane grating monochromator, a corresponding directional specification in space is required, to which the theodolite in particular has to be aligned. This directional specification is given by a measuring network, with the measuring network being characterized by position marks and directional marks for the theodolite. The direction markers can be made with high precision, for example, by measuring an X-ray beam in space. Alignment of a theodolite on a measuring network for leveling and alignment horizontally and vertically corresponds to professional work. In one step of the method, the theodolite is arranged horizontally and centered on a measuring point in the measuring network. The measuring point results from the arrangement of the axis and the marked direction in space, to which the axis is to be aligned perpendicularly. In addition, the optical axis of the theodolite is arranged perpendicular to this direction in the measuring network, e.g. the axis to be adjusted is adjusted.

The device according to the invention is to be arranged on the axis to be adjusted. For this purpose, the means provided on the device for positively locking the device onto the axle are to be used, as they are described above.

The four locking positions of the rotor with the stator are advantageously to be aligned in such a way that the tiltable plane mirror can be oriented or pivoted diametrically horizontally and diametrically vertically with respect to space.

The space referred to here is always characterized by a horizontal or horizontal plane, to which e.g. a plumb line (plumb) or a circular or tubular spirit level is to be aligned, and by a vertical (corresponds to the plumb line), which is always oriented perpendicular to the horizontal line is and can therefore also be found through the horizontal.

In a first adjustment step, the plane mirror of the device is aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the stator. This is done first by locking the rotor to the stator and this in succession in each case diametrically vertically and horizontally in the four locking positions, each offset by 90° to one another. This split is done to separate the alignment horizontally and vertically, ensuring adequate alignment of the mirror that can be achieved in just a few steps. The mirror is aligned by tilting it in the respective locking positions until the plane mirror is in autocollimation with the theodolite and the autocollimation cross observed in the eyepiece of the theodolite appears stationary in relation to the crosshairs of the theodolite when the rotor rotates. The autocollimation cross, i.e. the cross reflected by the plane mirror, does not have to coincide with the crosshairs in the theodolite. The plane mirror is now aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the stator.

The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention make use of the fact that for checking the orientation of the plane mirror by observing the reflected crosshairs, it is sufficient that the plane mirror in autocollimation of the theodolite covers only part of the image captured by the telescope of the theodolite and does not have to be centered.

In a next adjustment step, the plane mirror is aligned perpendicular to the axis to be adjusted. This is done by rotating the axis to be adjusted in the achievable range of rotation and aligning the plane mirror by tilting it until it is in autocollimation with the theodolite and thus the observed autocollimation cross appears stationary in relation to the crosshairs of the theodolite when the axis to be adjusted is rotated.

The plane mirror is now aligned perpendicular to the axis to be adjusted.

In the last adjustment step, the axis to be adjusted is aligned congruently with the directional optical axis of the theodolite by changing the positioning of the axis, so that the target mark on the stator coincides with the center point of the crosshairs in the theodolite in the focus setting and in autocollimation, regardless of any rotation of the axis Autocollimation reticle of the plane mirror coincides with the reticle in the theodolite.

The axis of rotation of the axis to be adjusted and thus this axis itself are then adjusted congruently with the optical axis of the theodolite and thus perpendicular to a marked direction in the measuring network to which the optical axis of the theodolite is aligned perpendicularly.

Carrying out the method in the same way, in the same measuring network on a further axis to be adjusted, allows this further axis to be aligned not only perpendicularly to a marked direction in the measuring network but also parallel to an already adjusted axis.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that a two-stage pre-adjustment of an axis to be adjusted takes place via the device according to the invention used, which also for axes to be adjusted with a small range of rotation via the stator and rotor and the establishment of the plane mirror, in a simplified and easily accessible manner in the full range of rotation, can be done in a few steps. The method according to the invention also uses the high level of accuracy with regard to coaxiality of the parts of the device according to the invention when the same are manufactured on a lathe. The use of a second theodolite also ensures high accuracy with regard to the optical measurement. The method according to the invention with the device is particularly suitable for axes of an order of magnitude that allows the use of a commercially available theodolite for geodetic surveying, since minimal errors in the optical adjustment have a correspondingly smaller effect with these orders of magnitude.

example

The invention is to be explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment and with the aid of two figures.

• 1: Schematische Darstellungen einer Vorrichtung zur Justierung von Drehachsen: a) Darstellung in schräger Aufsicht auf den Rotor der Vorrichtung und b) Darstellung in schräger Aufsicht auf den Stator der Vorrichtung;
• 2: Schematischer Aufbau (Explosionsansicht) zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zur Justierung von Drehachsen unter Nutzung der Vorrichtung zur Justierung von Drehachsen und zu justierende Drehachsen eines Plangittermonochromators;

The figures show:

• 1 : Schematic representations of a device for adjusting rotary axes: a) Representation in an oblique view of the rotor of the device and b) Representation in an oblique view of the stator of the device;
• 2 : Schematic structure (exploded view) for carrying out the method for adjusting rotary axes using the device for adjusting rotary axes and rotary axes to be adjusted of a plane grating monochromator;

The 1 shows a schematic representation of a device V for adjusting axes of rotation in a) an oblique view of the rotor 1 of the device and b) an oblique view of the stator 2 of the device. A plane mirror 3 is arranged on the rotor 1 and can be tilted at two tilting points 4a, 4b. In the exemplary embodiment, the tilting takes place by changing the distance of the carrier 9 of the plane mirror 3 by turning screws in or out at the tilting points 4a, 4b. A bore 7 is provided in the rotor 1, into which a locking bolt 6 can be inserted and which can be aligned with four bores 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, each offset by 90°, as locking positions on the stator, so that the rotor can be locked at four positions offset by 90° with the stator using the locking bolt. For easier orientation, the hole 7 on the rotor is to be aligned through the centered target mark 8, with the plane mirror 3 and tipping points 4a, 4b arranged symmetrically thereto. A bolt 5 is inserted in the rotor, which is used for attachment to an axis to be adjusted (see Fig 2, A1 /A2) is used.

In the exemplary embodiment, the components rotor 1, stator 2 and bolt 5 are made of stainless steel and are manufactured on a lathe. The plane mirror 3 together with the carrier 9 and screws at the tipping points 4a, 4b can be purchased prefabricated.

The 2 shows a schematic structure in an exploded view, such as is to be provided for carrying out the method according to the invention for adjusting rotary axes using the device for adjusting rotary axes, except for a measuring network in space, which is not shown. In addition to the device V according to the invention, the figure shows the theodolite T; in the exemplary embodiment, this is provided by a second theodolite with an autocollimation device and a focally adjustable telescope, and the planar grating monochromator MC. The plane grating monochromator MC in the exemplary embodiment corresponds to one as described in article 1. The plane grating monochromator MC comprises a plane mirror M and a plane grating G as well as one axis of rotation A1, A2 for plane mirrors and plane gratings. The axes of rotation A1 and A2 correspond to the axes to be adjusted. The device according to the invention for adjusting an axis V in the exemplary embodiment in 2 is placed in a form-fitting manner on axis A1 and secured there with bolt 5 (see 1a and b) fixed by screwing. An incident X-ray (X-ray) is shown with .

The method according to the invention for adjusting an axis takes place as follows in the exemplary embodiment. First, a device V according to the invention is provided on a planar grating monochromator MC, as well as a theodolite T as a second theodolite with an autocollimation device and a focally adjustable telescope. A measurement grid for alignment of the theodolite is also provided and includes markers for leveling and aligning the theodolite with the direction of incidence of an X-ray (X-ray) beam. The device is arranged on one of the axes of rotation A1, A2 as the axis to be adjusted and fixed with the bolt 5 of the device V. The device V is arranged on the axis A1, A2 to be adjusted by manufacturing the components on a lathe with a high level of coaxial accuracy. The four locking positions 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d on the stator 2 are aligned in such a way that the rotor 1 can be oriented diametrically horizontally and diametrically vertically by locking it on the stator 2. The second theodolite is aligned and leveled vertically and horizontally with respect to the measurement grid, to align the axis to be adjusted perpendicular to the direction of an incident X-ray beam represented by the measurement grid, congruent to the optical axis of the theodolite. In a first step for adjusting the axis to be adjusted, the plane mirror 3 of the device V is adjusted perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the stator 2 . For this purpose, the rotor 1 is locked in the four locking positions 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d of the stator 2 with the stator 2, in each case diametrically vertically and horizontally, and the plane mirror 3 is aligned in the locking positions 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d by tilting, until the plane mirror 3 is in autocollimation with the theodolite T and the observed autocollimation cross in the eyepiece of the theodolite T appears stationary with respect to the crosshairs of the theodolite T when the rotor rotates. Then the plane mirror 3 of the device V is aligned perpendicular to the axis A1 to be adjusted, in which the axis A1, A2 to be adjusted is rotated and the plane mirror 3 is aligned by tilting until it is exactly in autocollimation with the theodolite T and thus the observed autocollimation cross appears stationary in relation to the crosshairs of the theodolite T when the axis A1, A2 to be adjusted rotates. Finally, the axis A1, A2 to be adjusted is then adjusted congruently with the directional optical axis of the theodolite T. This is done by changing the positioning of the axis A1, A2 to be adjusted so that, regardless of a rotation of the axis A1, the target mark 8 on the rotor 1 coincides with the center of the crosshairs in theodolite T in the focus setting and in autocollimation the observed autocollimation crosshairs of the plane mirror coincide with the Cross hairs in the theodolite collapse.

The device V according to the invention and the method according to the invention using the device according to the invention allow a precise and simplified adjustment of an axis A1, A2 even with a restricted range of rotation of the axis A1, A2. This is done in particular by decoupling the alignment of the plane mirror 3 perpendicular to the axis A1, A2 to be adjusted in the full range of rotation (360°) of the device V according to the invention.

Claims (4)

Device for adjusting an axis, at least comprising - a stator (2) for static connection to an axis (A1, A2) to be adjusted and a rotor (1), the rotor (1) being fixed to the stator (2) in four positions (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) can be locked, - Means for positively and coaxially receiving the device on an axis (A1, A2) to be adjusted arranged on the stator (2), - a plane mirror (3), which is arranged on the rotor (1) and can be tilted at at least two tipping points (4a, 4b) in relation to the rotor (1), and wherein the plane mirror (3) and the at least two tipping points (4a , 4b) are arranged symmetrically to the center of the rotor (1) and - A target (8) centered on the rotation of the rotor (1). Device for adjusting an axis claim 1 , characterized in that the means for positively and coaxially receiving the device (V) on an axis to be adjusted (A1, A2) is fastened with a bolt (5) on the axis (A1, A2) in such a way that its axis is connected to a The axis of rotation of the stator (2) and the axis to be adjusted (A1, A2) coincide and the bolt (5) includes a target mark (8). Device for adjusting an axis claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the four positions (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), each offset by 90°, for locking the rotor (1) on the stator (2) through four bores (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) in the stator (2nd ) and a locking bolt (6) with a bore (7) on the rotor (1). Method for adjusting an axis using a device according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , At least comprising the steps - providing an axis to be adjusted (A1, A2), a device for adjusting an axis (V) according to one of Claims 1 until 3 and a second theodolite with an autocollimation device and focally adjustable telescope (theodolite, T) as well as a measuring network in space, - arrangement of the device (V) on the axis to be adjusted (A1, A2), - alignment of the four locking positions (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) on the stator (2), so that the rotor (1) can be oriented diametrically horizontally and diametrically vertically by locking it on the stator (2), - Arrangement of the theodolite (T) vertically and horizontally in relation to the measuring network, for aligning the to adjusting axis (A1, A2) perpendicular to a direction in the measuring network and congruent to the optical axis of the theodolite (T), - Adjusting the plane mirror (3) of the device perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the stator (2) by locking the rotor (1) with the Stator (2) diametrically vertically and horizontally using the locking positions (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) and aligning the plane mirror (3) in the locking positions (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) by tilting until the plane mirror (3) in autocolli mation to the theodolite (T) so that the observed autocollimation cross appears stationary in the eyepiece of the theodolite (T) when the rotor (1) rotates in relation to the crosshairs of the theodolite (T) and then, - adjustment of the plane mirror (3) of the device perpendicular to the axis to be adjusted (A1, A2) by rotating the axis to be adjusted (A1, A2) and aligning the plane mirror (3) by tilting until it is exactly in autocollimation with the theodolite (T) and thus the observed autocollimation cross when rotating the axis to be adjusted (A1, A2) appears stationary with respect to the crosshairs of the theodolite (T), - adjustment of the axis to be adjusted (A1, A2) congruent to the directional optical axis of the theodolite (T) by changing the positioning of the axis to be adjusted (A1, A2), so that independently of a rotation of the axis to be adjusted (A1, A2) the target mark on the rotor (1) with the center point of the cross hairs in the theodolite (T) in focus adjustment coincides and in autocollimation the observed autocollimation reticle of the plane mirror (3) coincides with the reticle in the theodolite (T).

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