DE102021116159A1 - Process for the production of fire-resistant steel components - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing fire resistance and/or fire resistance in steel components or for providing steel components with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular a method for producing fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel components.

Description

The present invention relates to the technical field of fire protection, in particular structural fire protection, but also fire protection in other technical areas (such as, for example, in the field of automobile or vehicle manufacture).

In particular, the present invention relates to a method for generating fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, on a steel component and/or for equipping a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, in particular a method for generating a fire and/or or fire-resistant steel component, in particular a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer to produce fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977- 09, on a steel component and/or for equipping a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, preferably for Production of a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component, in particular a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09.

In addition, the subject of the present invention is also the use of hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) or a hot-dip galvanizing process to produce fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102- 2: 1977-09, on a steel component and/or for equipping a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977- 09, in particular for producing a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component, preferably a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09.

The present invention also relates to the use of aluminum to increase and/or improve fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977 -09, a hot-dip galvanized steel component and/or a steel component with a hot-dip galvanized layer.

Furthermore, the subject of the present invention is also the use of a steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanized layer as a structural component to meet the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanized layer as a structural component of receiving devices, in particular housings or containers, for energy stores or energy converters, such as fuel cells, accumulators, batteries, galvanic elements or the like, in particular for the automotive sector. preferably to meet fire resistance and/or fire resistance requirements.

In addition, the present invention relates to a supporting structure, in particular a steel structure, for a structure, in particular for a building or part of a building, the supporting structure having a multiplicity of hot-dip galvanizing layers containing aluminum and/or aluminum alloy as structural design components to meet the requirements for fire resistance and/or fire resistance provided steel components, as well as a building, in particular a building or a part of a building, which has the structure according to the invention.

Finally, the present invention also relates to the use of an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer for generating fire resistance and/or fire resistance on iron-based or iron-containing, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects and/or to equip ferrous or ferrous, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects with fire resistance and/or fire resistance.

Fire protection in general means all measures that prevent the development and spread of a fire (i.e. fire and smoke) (i.e. preventive fire protection or fire prevention) and enable the rescue of people and animals as well as effective extinguishing work in the event of a fire (i.e. defensive fire protection). . Fire protection is multifaceted and complex and can therefore be found in many areas of everyday life. In Germany, for example, there are fire protection requirements in a large number of legal provisions, such as the fire brigade laws and building regulations of the federal states as well as numerous other laws, ordinances and guidelines.

As explained above, a general distinction is made between preventive fire protection on the one hand and defensive fire protection on the other. Preventive fire protection is in particular the term for all preventive measures taken to counteract the development and spread of fires through structural, technical and organizational measures and to limit the effects of fires as far as possible. Consequently, preventative fire protection is divided into structural fire protection, plant fire protection and organizational fire protection.

In terms of building regulations, preventive fire protection serves to protect life and limb, the environment and public safety and is a prerequisite for effective firefighting. The public law regulations of the state building codes are issued in Germany as minimum requirements. In addition to the building regulations, the requirements relating to property protection are based on private law agreements; The requirements that the respective property insurer places on the design of the building or its technical systems are often decisive here.

Preventive structural fire protection is therefore a very complex area of activity, with the possible solutions for meeting the protection goals, such as fire prevention, preventing the spread of fire, rescue and effective firefighting, etc., leading to a wide variety of solutions, which must be approved by the responsible building supervisory authority are. Aspects that can influence fire protection solutions are, for example, the construction (e.g. position of the buildings on the site and to each other), the type of construction (e.g. structural condition, such as solid, skeleton, half-timbered, prefabricated construction, etc .), the choice of building materials, the location of the building (e.g. reachability and accessibility), the type and number of people using it, the dimensions (e.g. size, structure and subdivision of the building), the type and quantity of fire loads and hazardous substances (e.g. risk of fire and damage spreading), the dangers of fire and/or damage occurring (e.g. sources of ignition, conditions and probabilities), the type of use (e.g. operational and technical use). processes), fire detection (e.g. probability of detection and reporting), the start of rescue and firefighting measures, the scope and duration of the rescue and firefighting measures, the performance of the vessels defense forces (e.g. B. Fire brigade, rescue service, provision of extinguishing agents, etc.), the presence of technical equipment (e.g. extinguishing systems, fire alarm systems, smoke and heat extraction systems, hazard alarm systems), the scope of operational hazard prevention measures (e.g. fire protection regulations, hazard prevention plans, training courses, instructions, plant fire brigades , extinguishing aids, etc.).

The main tasks and protection goals of preventive fire protection are to protect life, health, property, possessions and the environment.

Within the framework of structural fire protection, the structural measures are very diverse and include, among other things, the building materials and components used, regulated in Europe and Germany, for example, in DIN EN 13501 and DIN EN 1992-1-2 for reinforced concrete construction, DIN EN 1993-1-2 for steel construction and DIN EN 1995-1-2 for timber construction, as well as structural fire protection in industrial buildings (regulated in DIN 18230), but also the planning of escape routes and the provision of extinguishing systems in buildings. Above all, the structural measures must take into account the fire behavior of building materials and the fire resistance of the components.

Fire protection is particularly important in the case of steel construction, with the term steel construction being to be understood broadly within the scope of the present invention and not just pure steel construction but also includes composite steel construction, in which steel elements are connected to concrete, steel skeleton construction and structural steel construction.

Steel construction thus describes a technical area of civil engineering in which steel is primarily used for the construction of supporting structures. In pure steel construction, rolled steel girders, sheet metal and pipes made of construction steel are connected to one another to form a supporting structure, for example by screwing, welding or riveting. As explained above, steel construction - in addition to pure steel construction - also includes steel composite construction, in which steel elements are used in combination with concrete, steel skeleton construction and steel building construction. Steel structures are usually designed according to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures (EN 1993). The steel construction combines the advantage of a comparatively short planning and construction time with a flexible design of the supporting structure, whereby this flexibility results, for example, from the use of relatively light and slim, but highly resilient components and a high and precise degree of prefabrication and thus shorter assembly times.

However, steel components that are exposed to the weather must be protected against corrosion, for example by special surface coatings or the like.

Steel structures and steel (component) parts are also often exposed to elevated temperatures in various situations and applications. This load can be planned, either permanently or cyclically, e.g. B. in the field of thermoprocessing systems, or it can only occur in exceptional situations, e.g. B. in case of fire in a building. As a rule, a heat-resistant steel is used for structural components subject to thermal stress, the strength of which is reduced to a lesser extent by the prevailing temperature in comparison to non-heat-resistant steel; such heat-resistant steel is completely unsuitable for use in construction. If the thermal load represents an extraordinary, i.e. not planned load case, the adjustment of the steel grade does not make sense for economic reasons; Rather, an attempt is made to protect the components from overcritical thermal stress by means of additional protective measures. The measures required for this usually see passive protection systems, such. B. coatings, panels or the like. However, these measures are associated with significant costs, which on the one hand include the pure application of the coating and on the other hand the necessary measures to ensure the durability of the coatings, panels or the like, z. B. both the repairs, which may occur as a result of damage during assembly and/or in the course of structural or usage-related measures, as well as ongoing maintenance.

According to the previous state of the art, passive fire protection coatings in particular are used in structural steel construction to protect the steel structure against a fire; such coatings are applied to the steel components. Their function is based on the fact that they contain substances that foam up or intumesce under thermal load in the event of fire and in this way achieve an insulating effect, i. H. the heating of the steel component is prevented for a defined period of time. The disadvantage of these coatings, however, is that their effectiveness is only approved for a limited period (in particular a maximum of 10 years) and regular renewal is therefore necessary, which is particularly time-consuming and costly. In addition, fire protection coatings are susceptible to mechanical loads and must be protected against them accordingly or, if this is not possible or desired, be examined for possible damage in the event of potential events. From the point of view of sustainability, in addition to the limited durability, the lack of circularity of the materials used is to be named as a disadvantage.

The required fire protection of steel components is therefore usually ensured by passive measures, in particular by fire protection cladding or fire protection coatings.

However, steel structures in particular often require special fire protection, since the relatively thin-walled cross-sections of the steel components (e.g. beams) and their good thermal conductivity heat them up quickly in the event of a fire. Since the mechanical properties of steel are highly temperature-dependent, as a result of this heating, the yield point of steel at 600 °C, for example, falls by half the value at 20 °C, with the modulus of elasticity (E-modulus) also decreasing as the steel temperature increases. Depending on the fire load and the intended use of the structure, the functionality of the supporting structure (load-bearing capacity) can be secured for a specified minimum period and premature failure of the structure can be prevented by oversizing the steel components to match the required fire resistance period and/or with special fire protection sheathing or fire protection coatings.

For fire protection, a fire resistance period required by law for the respective building must be observed, which is defined for normal buildings in the state building codes of the federal states. This required fire resistance period is divided into categories depending on the structure and use, for example according to the German standard (DIN 4102: Fire behavior of building materials and components, in particular DIN 4102-2: 1977-09) in the categories F30, F60, F90, F120 or F180, these numbers specifying the minimum duration (expressed in minutes) that the structure must withstand the fire. The standard fire to be assumed for the overdimensioning of the component and/or for the determination of the insulating fire protection measures is the standard temperature/time curve (also called ETK for short), which describes a temperature/time curve, according to which the gas temperature within the first few minutes rises steeply to over 600 °C and then slowly but steadily increases. In this way, all additional measures to protect a steel component prove their performance profile. The method of overdesign (according to the European standard EN 1993-1-2 or according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12), on the other hand, is based on a calculated determination, with the starting point being the calculated determination of the steel temperature in an "ETK fire". and with the determination of the steel temperature, the mechanical properties necessary for the design can be determined, whereby the actual design takes place similar to the cold design with the heat-affected mechanical properties under the fire-adjusted safety factors (whereby this design method is calibrated by tests). On the other hand, no fire protection is used or applied in hot design, but rather the component is oversized, ie the component is designed to be stronger than would be required for cold design. Due to the resulting larger component dimensions (ie bulkiness of the component), the component heats up more slowly under fire load, which in turn correlates with a lower reduction in steel strength and a correspondingly higher load-bearing capacity.

For the fire protection of pure steel components, oversizing is often excessive and therefore not feasible or at least not economical; consequently, additional passive and/or active fire protection measures must generally be provided. Fire protection measures subsequently applied to the steel component generally have an insulating, shielding and/or heat-dissipating effect. Insulating, shielding and/or heat-dissipating fire protection measures are, for example, casings or cladding made of cement-bound spray plaster such as e.g. B. with vermiculite or mineral fibers (usually together with a necessary plaster base), box-shaped casings z. g. plasterboard, intumescent coatings, room-enclosing systems such as suspended ceilings, filling of steel profile cavities with pump-independent and thermally freely circulating water, etc. However, these necessary fire protection measures are time-consuming and expensive to install and require the attachment of further or additional materials and materials. This is disadvantageous in terms of economic, technical and safety factors, but also in terms of aesthetic aspects. This is also detrimental in terms of sustainability.

The problem on which the present invention is based is therefore to provide the required fire protection (i.e. fire resistance and/or fire resistance) for steel components in a simplified manner, with the disadvantages of the prior art described above being at least largely avoided or at least mitigated.

In particular, a method for generating fire resistance and/or fire resistance on steel components or for equipping steel components with fire resistance and/or fire resistance is to be provided, with which, compared to conventional constructive fire protection measures of the prior art, it is simplified and cost-effective and reliable from a technical point of view realizing way fire and / or fire-resistant steel component can be produced.

In particular, within the scope of the present invention, the aspects of reproducibility in relation to planning and execution, process economy and business compatibility, as well as sustainability, including improved use of costs and resources, should also be made possible.

To solve the problem described above, the present invention proposes - according to a first aspect of the present invention - a method for generating fire resistance and/or fire resistance on a steel component and/or for equipping a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to claim 1; further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the method according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant method dependent claims.

Furthermore, the present invention relates - according to a second aspect of the present invention - to the use of an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer to produce fire resistance and/or fire resistance and/or to equip a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to the relevant independent use claim ( claim 22); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant subclaims for use.

Furthermore, the present invention relates - according to a third aspect of the present invention - the use of hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) or a hot-dip galvanizing process to produce fire resistance and / or fire resistance on a steel component and / or to equip a steel component with fire resistance and / or fire resistance according to the related independent use claim (claim 24); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant subclaims for use.

In addition, the present invention relates - according to a fourth aspect of the present invention - to the use of aluminum to increase and/or improve the fire resistance and/or the fire resistance of a hot-dip galvanized steel component and/or a steel component provided with a hot-dip galvanized layer in accordance with the relevant independent use claim (claim 25); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant subclaims for use.

Likewise, the present invention relates - according to a fifth aspect of the present invention - the use of a steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer as a structural component to meet the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to the relevant independent use claim (claim 47); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant subclaims for use.

Furthermore, the subject of the present invention - according to a sixth aspect of the present invention - is the use of a steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer as a structural component of receiving devices, in particular housings or containers, for energy stores or energy converters, such as fuel cells, accumulators, batteries, galvanic elements or the like, in particular for the automotive sector, preferably to meet the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance, according to the relevant independent use claim (claim 50); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant subclaims for use.

Equally, the present invention relates—according to a seventh aspect of the present invention—to a supporting structure, in particular a steel structure, for a building, in particular for a building or part of a building, according to the relevant independent claim (claim 52); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the supporting structure according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant dependent claims.

In addition, the present invention relates—according to an eighth aspect of the present invention—to a structure, in particular a building or part of a building, having the supporting structure according to the invention, according to the relevant independent claim (claim 54); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the structure according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant dependent claims.

Finally, the subject of the present invention - according to a ninth aspect of the present invention - is the use of an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer for generating fire resistance and/or fire resistance on iron-based or iron-containing, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects and/or for finishing iron-based or ferrous, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects with fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to the relevant independent claim (claim 56); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the structure according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant dependent claim.

It goes without saying in the following explanations that configurations, embodiments, advantages and the like, which are only explained below for one aspect of the invention in order to avoid repetition, of course also apply correspondingly to the other aspects of the invention, without this being a separate one needs mentioning.

In the case of all the relative or percentage weight-based information given below, in particular relative quantity or weight information, it should also be noted that within the scope of the present invention these are to be selected by the person skilled in the art in such a way that they add up to the sum including all components or ingredients, in particular as defined below, always complete or add up to 100% or 100% by weight; but this is self-evident for the expert.

Furthermore, it applies that the person skilled in the art can deviate from the range information given below if necessary, depending on the application or on a case-by-case basis, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In addition, all values or parameter information or the like mentioned below can be determined or determined using standardized or explicitly stated determination methods or otherwise using determination or measurement methods familiar to the person skilled in the art in this field.

With that said, the present invention will now be explained in detail below.

The subject of the present invention - according to a first aspect of the present invention - is therefore a method for generating fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977 -09, on a steel component and/or for equipping a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, in particular Process for producing a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component, in particular a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09,
wherein the steel component is provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or wherein the steel component is subjected to hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed molten zinc,
in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m ( ie emissivity of the surface ε _m according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10) below 0.7 (ie therefore ε _m <0.7, with the value of 0.7 itself being excluded), in particular of at most 0.65, preferably not more than 0.60, particularly preferably not more than 0.55, very particularly preferably not more than 0.50, and/or that with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum steel component provided with an alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, an emissivity ( Emissivity) of the surface ε _m (i.e. emissivity of the surface ε _m according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10) below 0.7 (i.e. ε _m < 0.7, so the value of 0.7 itself is excluded), in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range of 0, 05 to 0.55.

Because, as the applicant has now found out completely surprisingly, the fire resistance and/or fire resistance (in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09) of steel components achieve this in an efficient manner by providing the relevant steel components with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer. In a completely unexpected way, such an aluminum-containing or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer significantly reduces and slows down the heating of the component in the event of a fire (without additional constructive and complex fire protection measures, as described at the beginning in connection with the prior art).

It is particularly surprising that the fire resistance or fire resistance of such steel components, which are provided with an aluminum-containing or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, not only have significantly improved or increased fire resistance or fire resistance compared to ungalvanized steel components, but also compared to Conventionally galvanized steel components (ie steel components which are provided with a conventional zinc coating of pure zinc, ie without aluminum content). The term pure zinc is used in the context of the present invention to describe zinc melts or hot-dip galvanizing layers produced from them by hot-dip galvanizing, which consist of pure or quasi-pure zinc (i.e. which are provided without a relevant aluminum content or are at least essentially free, preferably are (completely) free of aluminium.

Such a significant increase or improvement in the fire resistance or fire resistance of the steel components provided with the aluminium-containing or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer according to the present invention was not foreseeable for the person skilled in the art and is therefore to be regarded as completely surprising.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the surprisingly found generation of fire resistance and/or fire resistance on steel components as a result of the aluminum-containing or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer can possibly be explained by the fact that in the event of a fire or fire, in particular due to diffusion, a transformation of Zn / Al phases takes place in Fe / Al phases, which have a reduced emissivity compared to zinc and / or Fe / Zn phases, and / or that in the event of fire, temperature-resistant aluminum oxides are formed in the hot-dip galvanizing layer, whereby the surface of the with a such aluminum-containing or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer provided steel component is efficiently shielded from the fire or fire or from the high temperatures, so that a significantly weakened and / or delayed heating of the component occurs.

As the applicant has equally surprisingly found, the presence of aluminum means that the fire resistance or fire resistance can be significantly increased or improved not only compared to ungalvanized steel components, but also compared to conventionally galvanized steel components with a hot-dip galvanizing layer based on pure zinc, as follows will be carried out in detail. Compared to conventionally galvanized steel components, the aluminum content of the hot-dip galvanizing layer means that significantly lower layer thicknesses can be achieved (as well as significant resource and weight savings).

In addition, the aluminium-containing or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer ensures efficient corrosion protection, which is also improved compared to conventionally galvanized steel components (especially with the simultaneously lower layer thicknesses of the hot-dip galvanizing layer).

The concept according to the invention allows the fire resistance or fire resistance of steel components to be generated or effected to such an extent that no further additional constructive fire protection measures are required, as initially mentioned and described as disadvantageous in connection with the description of the prior art (such as fire protection coatings, fire protection cladding, etc.).

The present approach to the solution of the invention is based in particular on the use of aluminum-alloyed zinc melts, in particular for batch galvanizing of structural elements made of steel for the purpose of fire protection and/or combined corrosion and fire protection of the same. In particular, from a content of 250 ppm or 500 ppm aluminum in the zinc melt (and consequently also in the resulting hot-dip galvanizing layers), zinc coatings are formed which behave significantly more favorably than aluminum-free zinc coatings under the influence of thermal loads, such as typically occur in the event of fire.

In particular, with the new approach according to the invention, a large number of advantages and special features are achieved, some of which have already been mentioned above.

• Mit zunehmendem AI-Gehalt in der Zinkschmelze (und damit im Zinküberzug) verbleibt die Emissivität ε, welche ein Maß für das Verhältnis von absorbierter zu reflektierter Wärmestrahlung darstellt (mit ε = 0 = vollständige Reflektion und ε = 1 = vollständige Absorption), bis zu höheren Temperaturen auf niedrigem Niveau, wodurch die Aufwärmung des derart verzinkten Bauteils im Vergleich zu einem in einer AI-freien bzw. quasi AI-freien Zinkschmelze verzinkten Bauteil verlangsamt wird.

In a non-limiting manner, the following advantages and special features of the present invention should also be pointed out, which - in addition to the advantages of conventional galvanized components already described above - represent a significant improvement over the prior art:

• With increasing Al content in the zinc melt (and thus in the zinc coating), the emissivity ε, which represents a measure of the ratio of absorbed to reflected thermal radiation (with ε = 0 = complete reflection and ε = 1 = complete absorption), remains up to higher temperatures at a low level, as a result of which the heating of the component galvanized in this way is slowed down compared to a component galvanized in an Al-free or quasi-Al-free zinc melt.

The level of increase in emissivity at the onset of temperature-related diffusion processes under fire load is also lower when using Al-alloyed zinc melts (again in comparison to a component galvanized in an Al-free or quasi-Al-free zinc melt), which also means that the heating of the component is slowed down.

The reduction in emissivity achieved according to the invention results in a lower component temperature after a defined fire duration compared to a component galvanized in an Al-free or virtually Al-free zinc melt, which is associated with a higher load-bearing capacity. Alternatively, if the same component temperature is achieved, i. H. the same load-bearing capacity, the cross-section of the steel profile can be reduced, which in turn is accompanied by a significant saving in the necessary steel mass.

The use of Al-alloyed zinc melts also leads to a reduction in the zinc layer thickness, especially above 1,200 ppm Al in the zinc melt, but also below this value. As a result, for applications in which no or only low corrosion requirements are placed on the steel structures, such as. B. with a corrosivity category C1 or C2 according to DIN EN ISO 12944, significantly thinner zinc layers can be applied, which also increases the material and component efficiency.

The use of Al-alloyed zinc melts, especially from levels > 1,200 ppm Al in the zinc melt (but also below this value), also means that the appearance of the zinc coating is becoming increasingly independent of the steel chemistry. From an AI content of approx. 1,200 ppm, all steels in categories A to D according to DIN EN ISO 14713-2 can be used. The limitation to categories A and B that previously existed in the prior art, which is required to achieve reduced emissivity of up to 500° C. according to the prior art, no longer exists within the scope of the present invention.

The use of thin-layer, in particular transparent after-treatment coatings, e.g. B. a passivation and / or a seal, preferably with a layer thickness in the range of a few nanometers to a few micrometers, is possible within the scope of the present invention in the same way and is even advantageous in relation to the result to be achieved.

As described above, the present invention thus provides a method for producing fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09 a steel component and/or for equipping a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, in particular a production method a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component, in particular a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09,
wherein in the method according to the invention the steel component is provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or wherein the steel component is subjected to hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt,
in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m ( ie emissivity of the surface ε _m according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10) below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0.55, very particularly preferably of at most 0.50, and/or that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer or that of Fe Steel construction subjected to over-galvanizing using a galvanizing bath containing aluminum and/or aluminum alloy partly at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m (ie emissivity of the surface ε _m according to DIN EN 1993-1 -2: 2006-10) below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60 , most preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55.

The terms fire resistance and fire resistance, as used in the context of the present invention, are to be understood as synonyms and are used in accordance with the relevant standard regulations and norms, in particular DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and DIN 4102-2 : 1977-09 (but also other relevant standards and standard regulations, such as DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10 and DIN EN 1991-1-2/NA: 2015-09).

The so-called emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m can be used as a measure of the heating of the steel component in the event of a fire.

In the context of the present invention, the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m designates the emissivity of the surface ε _m according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10.

The emissivity (synonymously also referred to as emissivity) of a body indicates how much radiation the body emits compared to an ideal thermal radiator (i.e. a black body); consequently, the emissivity value is always between zero (no absorption) and one (100% absorption). The emissivity is therefore a measure of how strongly a material or a body (e.g. a steel component in the case of the present invention) exchanges thermal radiation with its surroundings.

The emissivity or the emissivity ε is a dimensionless physical quantity, which therefore provides a measure of how strongly a material or its surface emits thermal radiation to its surroundings; because the relevant Eurocodes are based on Kirchhoff's law, which states that a good radiator is also a good absorber, and which is therefore based on the approximation that the absorptivity α corresponds to the emissivity ε of a body. The emissivity of real objects and in particular of metallic surfaces, as in the case of the present invention of steel components, depends on many different parameters, such as the surface texture, the component temperature, the wavelength range and the radiation angle and is therefore a highly variable physical variable. Since the parameter of emissivity ε combines these influencing variables in a single parameter, this parameter is particularly suitable in the case of the present invention for characterizing the fire resistance or the fire resistance of the steel components designed according to the invention.

The parameter of the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m , as used according to the invention, is used in accordance with the aforementioned relevant standard DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10.

According to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10, the emissivity of an ungalvanized structural steel surface is to be set at 0.70. In comparison, for conventionally galvanized structural steel (i.e. structural steel with a hot-dip galvanizing layer of pure zinc) at temperatures of up to 500 °C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of around 0.35 can be assumed, but at temperatures of 500 and above °C an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of 0.70 and more (i.e. as of ungalvanized structural steel) (cf. also the second draft of the project team SC3.T6 of the standardization committee CEN/TC 250/SC 3/WG 2 N 82 to update EN 1993-1-2 from 2019).

In a completely surprising manner, it was found within the scope of the present invention that as a result of the incorporation of aluminum in the hot-dip galvanizing layer or as a result of the alloying with aluminum in relation to the hot-dip galvanizing layer, the emissivity (emissivity) of the surface ε _m even at temperatures above 500 ° C can be lowered significantly below 0.70 (which means that in the event of a fire, the steel component in question shows significantly reduced and delayed heating; cf. also the above statements).

According to the invention, the wording means that there is an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, ie ε _m <0.7, with the value of 0.7 itself being excluded (hence the wording “below”).

The temperature-dependent parameter of the emissivity (degree of emission) ε _m of steel surfaces can be determined experimentally using routine methods and measuring methods known per se to those skilled in the art (in particular using heat sensors, in particular infrared sensors, and/or thermocouples). In the context of the invention, the determination according to the so-called emissivity performance test, as described in detail in: C. Gaigl and M. Mensinger, Technical Report "Thermal impact on HDG construction", Technische University of Munich, February 2018, and M. Mensinger and C. Gaigl, essay "Fire resistance of galvanized steel structures", Stahlbau, Vol. 88, pages 3 to 10, January 2019. This determination method for the emissivity (emissivity) of the surface ε _m is also within the scope of the present invention, in particular also within the scope of the exemplary embodiments according to the invention. This determination method is based in particular on the experimental recording of the temperature profile of the steel component in the event of a fire (e.g. according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10), with the steel component or test specimen in question being continuously or increasingly is thermally stressed. From this, the emissivity can then be determined or calculated using Planck's law of radiation.

mit:

• T = Brandraumtemperatur [°C]; t = Zeit [min]

The so-called standard temperature-time curve (ETK) is generally available as a thermal effect for the assessment of internal steel constructions. Depending on the existing building code, natural fire models can also be used. According to DIN EN 1991-1-2, the ETK is defined as thermal stress or load as follows: $$T=345{\text{log}}_{10}\left(\mathrm{8th}t+1\right)+20\left[{}^{\circ }C\right]$$

With:

• T = fire room temperature [°C]; t = time [min]

Irrespective of the thermal effect, heat is transported in the event of a fire by exchanging energy between several systems. The thermal energy is always transported from the higher to the lower energy level. If components are not in direct contact, this can occur through two different mechanisms, namely through convection and/or through electromagnetic radiation. The temperature increase Δθ _a,t of an unprotected steel component can be calculated during a time interval Δt < 5 [sec] using the following equation from (1): $$\Delta {\theta }_{a,t}=k_{sH}\cdot \frac{A_m/V}{c_a\cdot p_a}\cdot {\dot{H}}_{net}\cdot \Delta t$$

$${\dot{h}}_{net}={\alpha }_c\cdot \left({\theta }_g-{\theta }_a\right)$$

$${\dot{h}}_{net,r}=\varphi \cdot {\epsilon }_m\cdot {\epsilon }_f\cdot \sigma \cdot \left[{\left({\theta }_g+273\right)}^4-{\left({\theta }_a+273\right)}^4\right]$$

In addition to factors such as the correction factor for shading effects k _{sh ,} the profile factor A _m /V and the specific heat capacity c _a and the bulk density of steel _pa, the net heat flow ḣ _net is reflected in the component heating. The latter consists of the two parts of convection ḣ _net,c and radiation ḣ _net,r , cf. the following equations (2) to (4): $${\dot{H}}_{net}={\dot{H}}_{net,c}+{\dot{H}}_{net,\mathrm{right}}$$

$${\dot{H}}_{net}=a_c\cdot \left({\theta }_G-{\theta }_a\right)$$

$${\dot{H}}_{net,\mathrm{right}}=\varphi \cdot e_m\cdot e_f\cdot \sigma \cdot \left[{\left({\theta }_G+273\right)}^4-{\left({\theta }_a+273\right)}^4\right]$$

As can be seen from formulas (2) to (4), the thermal radiation contributes a significantly larger proportion to the heating of the components, especially in the area of large temperature differences between the component and the environment. The heat transfer from radiation is significantly influenced by the surface of the components, so that an effect occurs here due to hot-dip galvanizing.

Both emissivities, ie both the emissivity of the component surface ε _m and the emissivity of the fire area ε _f , influence the radiation component of the heat flow. According to the assumption ε _f = 1.0 of the relevant Eurocodes (ie DIN EN 1993-1-2, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures, Part 1-2: General rules, structural design in the event of fire, as well as DIN EN 1994-1 -2, Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures, Part 1-2: General rules, structural design in the event of fire) the emissivity of the environment becomes the property tens of an ideal black body. For construction steel, on the other hand, an emissivity of ε _m = 0.70 is assumed, regardless of its actual surface properties; this corresponds to a heat absorption of 70% of the radiant energy introduced.

The use according to the invention of an aluminum-containing or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer on steel components thus leads - as described above - in the event of fire or fire to a significant reduction in the emissivity (emissivity) on the surface ε _m , in particular in comparison to corresponding ungalvanized steel components, but also in Compared to conventionally galvanized (ie with a hot-dip galvanized layer of pure zinc) steel components. In this way, within the scope of the present invention, fire protection requirements of the relevant standards and standard regulations, in particular DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, can also be achieved without additional or further constructive fire protection measures.

The aluminium-containing or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layers used within the scope of the present invention and their production or manufacture are sufficiently known to the person skilled in the art from the prior art, so that no further explanations are required in this regard. So far, however, such aluminum-containing or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layers have only been provided for corrosion protection in the prior art, i. H. an influence with regard to the improvement of the fire resistance or the fire resistance has not been recognized in the prior art and consequently has not been implemented. This knowledge and technical teaching goes back - in a completely surprising way - only to the applicant of the present invention.

As a result, the present invention is based on the applicant's surprising finding that fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09 a steel component can be produced or a steel component can be equipped with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, by the steel component is provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or by subjecting the steel component to hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that the aluminum-containing and /or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer provided steel component or the Feuerve Steel component subjected to galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500° C., in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C , very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500 ° C to 800 ° C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0, 55, very particularly preferably at most 0.50, and/or that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range of 500° C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, an Em isivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0, 60, most preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55.

In order to achieve the effect of fire resistance or fire resistance desired according to the invention, certain minimum thicknesses of the aluminium-containing or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer should be provided; on the other hand, for reasons of sustainability, material savings and, in particular, the weight of the steel component, the layer thickness should not exceed a certain upper limit.

In this context, it has proven itself within the scope of the present invention that the aluminum-containing or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer has a layer thickness in the range from 1 μm to 250 μm, in particular in the range from 1 μm to 200 μm, preferably in the range from 1.5 μm to 150 μm, preferably in the range from 2 μm to 100 μm, particularly preferably in the range from 2 μm to 80 μm, very particularly preferably in the range from 2.5 μm to 70 μm, even more preferably in the range from 2.5 μm to 60 μm, more preferably in the range from 3 μm to 50 μm, even more preferably in the range from 3.5 μm to 30 μm, most preferably in the range from 4 μm to 25 μm, is applied to the steel component.

In particular, it is advantageous according to the invention that the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has a layer thickness of at least 1 μm, in particular at least 1.5 μm, preferably at least 2 μm, preferably at least 2.5 μm, particularly preferably at least 3 μm , very particularly preferably at least 3.5 microns, even more preferably at least 4 microns, is applied to the steel component.

It is equally advantageous according to the invention that the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer with a layer thickness of up to 250 μm, in particular up to 200 μm, preferably up to 150 μm, preferably up to 100 μm, particularly preferably up to 80 μm, very particularly preferably of up to 70 μm, even more preferably of up to 60 μm, further preferably of up to 50 μm, even further of up to 30 μm, most preferably of up to 25 μm, is applied to the steel component .

Particularly good results can be achieved according to the invention with the aforementioned layer thicknesses. Nevertheless, it is not impossible to deviate from the aforementioned values and value ranges, in particular due to individual cases, without departing from the scope of the present invention; this is at the discretion of the professional.

In the same way, the proportion of aluminum or aluminum content of the aluminium-containing or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer used according to the invention should vary within certain ranges in order on the one hand to ensure adequate fire resistance or sufficient fire resistance and on the other hand to take into account or comply with aspects of material weight, material economy and sustainability .

In this context, it has proven particularly useful according to the invention that the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, or the aluminium-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in the range from 0.025% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.04% by weight to 45% by weight, preferably in Range from 0.05% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.075% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight , very particularly preferably in the range from 1.5% by weight to 15% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 2% by weight to 12.5% by weight, more preferably in the range from 3% by weight % to 10% by weight, more preferably in B in the range of 3.5% to 9% by weight, most preferably in the range of 4% to 8% by weight.

In this context, it is particularly advantageous according to the invention that the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer (used to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer). zinc melt has an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, of at least 0.025% by weight, in particular at least 0.04% by weight, preferably at least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.075% by weight. -%, particularly preferably at least 0.1% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 1.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 2% by weight, more preferably at least 3% by weight more preferably at least 3.5% by weight, most preferably at least 4% by weight.

Furthermore, it has proven particularly useful in this context within the scope of the present invention that the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the (used to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer ) aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt, of up to 50% by weight, in particular of up to 45% by weight, preferably of up to 40% by weight up to 30% by weight, particularly preferably up to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably up to 15% by weight, even more preferably up to 12.5% by weight, more preferably up to at 10% by weight, more preferably up to 9% by weight, most preferably up to 8% by weight.

As far as the composition of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer or the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) is applied or attached to the fire-resistant or fire-resistant steel component according to the invention, this composition can vary within certain ranges, with certain specifications relating to the overall composition of the aluminium-alloyed or aluminium-containing hot-dip galvanizing layer or the aluminium-alloyed or aluminium-containing zinc melt being given by the aluminum content mentioned above.

• (i) Zink (Zn) in Mengen von 50 Gew.-% bis 99,975 Gew.-%, insbesondere im Bereich von 55 Gew.-% bis 99,96 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 60 Gew.-% bis 99,95 Gew.-%, bevorzugt im Bereich von 70 Gew.-% bis 99,925 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 80 Gew.-% bis 99,1 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 85 Gew.-% bis 98,5 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt im Bereich von 87,5 Gew.-% bis 98 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt im Bereich von 90 Gew.-% bis 97 Gew.-%, noch weiter bevorzugt im Bereich von 91 Gew.-% bis 96,5 Gew.-%, am meisten bevorzugt im Bereich von 92 Gew.-% bis 96 Gew.-%,
• (ii) Aluminium (AI) in Mengen von 0,025 Gew.-% bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere im Bereich von 0,04 Gew.-% bis 45 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,05 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,075 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,1 Gew.-% bis 20 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 1,5 Gew.-% bis 15 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt im Bereich von 2 Gew.-% bis 12,5 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt im Bereich von 3 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-%, noch weiter bevorzugt im Bereich von 3,5 Gew.-% bis 9 Gew.-%, am meisten bevorzugt im Bereich von 4 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.-%,
• (iii) gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere weitere Metalle, insbesondere ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von Bismut (Bi), Blei (Pb), Zinn (Sn), Nickel (Ni), Silizium (Si), Magnesium (Mg) sowie deren Kombinationen, insbesondere in Mengen von 0,001 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere im Bereich von 0,001 Gew.-% bis 9 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,01 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.-%, bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,02 Gew.-% bis 6 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,05 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,1 Gew.-% bis 4 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,2 Gew.-% bis 3,5 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,3 Gew.-% bis 3 Gew.-%, noch weiter bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,4 Gew.-% bis 2 Gew.-%, am meisten bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,5 Gew.-% bis 1 Gew.-%.

In the context of the present invention, it has proven particularly useful that the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer or the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has the following composition, with all the quantitative data given below in the case of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer or in the case of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt are related and are to be selected such that a total of 100% by weight result:

• (i) Zinc (Zn) in amounts of 50% by weight to 99.975% by weight, in particular in the range from 55% by weight to 99.96% by weight, preferably in the range from 60% by weight to 99.95% by weight, preferably in the range from 70% by weight to 99.925% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 80% by weight to 99.1% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 85 % by weight to 98.5% by weight, more preferably in the range from 87.5% by weight to 98% by weight, more preferably in the range from 90% by weight to 97% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 91% to 96.5% by weight, most preferably in the range of 92% to 96% by weight,
• (ii) aluminum (AI) in amounts of 0.025% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.04% by weight to 45% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.05% by weight % to 40% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.075% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 1 .5% by weight to 15% by weight, more preferably in the range from 2% by weight to 12.5% by weight, more preferably in the range from 3% by weight to 10% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 3.5% to 9% by weight, most preferably in the range of 4% to 8% by weight,
• (iii) optionally one or more other metals, in particular selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, in particular in amounts of 0.001% by weight to 10% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.001% by weight to 9% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.01% by weight to 8% by weight in the range from 0.02% by weight to 6% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05% by weight to 5% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 4% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 0.2% to 3.5% by weight, more preferably in the range from 0.3% to 3% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 0.4% to 2% by weight, most preferably in the range of 0.5% to 1% by weight.

The composition and/or formation of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer described above, in particular the aluminum content of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer, can be adjusted and/or controlled within the scope of the present invention by means of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt used in hot-dip galvanizing will. This is known as such to a person skilled in the art, so that no further explanations on this aspect are required.

In the context of the present invention, it can be provided in particular that the fire resistance and/or the fire resistance is adjusted by means of the thickness and composition and/or formation of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular by means of the aluminum content of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, and /or is controlled.

In particular, the fire resistance and/or fire resistance can be increased in this context by increasing the aluminum content of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or by increasing the layer thickness of the aluminium-containing and/or alumi nium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer to increase fire resistance and/or fire resistance.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention, the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer is applied to the steel component with a layer thickness in the range from 4 μm to 25 μm.

In this context, it is particularly preferred that the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight or that the (for Production of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer used) aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight.

• (i) Zink (Zn) in Mengen von 92 Gew.-% bis 96 Gew.-%,
• (ii) Aluminium (AI) in Mengen von 4 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.-%,
• (iii) gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere weitere Metalle, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von Bismut (Bi), Blei (Pb), Zinn (Sn), Nickel (Ni), Silizium (Si), Magnesium (Mg) sowie deren Kombinationen, insbesondere in Mengen von 0,001 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-%.

It is also particularly preferred according to the invention that the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer or the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has the following composition, with all the quantitative data given below in the case of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer are related to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer or in the case of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) are related to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt and such are to be selected so that a total of 100% by weight result:

• (i) zinc (Zn) in amounts from 92% to 96% by weight,
• (ii) aluminum (AI) in amounts of 4% by weight to 8% by weight,
• (iii) optionally one or more other metals selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, in particular in Amounts from 0.001% to 10% by weight.

With the aforementioned particularly preferred embodiments, particularly good results are obtained within the scope of the fire protection or fire resistance aimed at according to the invention.

In order to achieve particularly good results in terms of fire resistance and/or fire resistance, it has been found to be advantageous according to the invention that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath Temperatures above 500° C., in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7 (ie ε _m <0.7), in particular of at most 0.65, preferably of at most 0.60, particularly preferably of at most 0.55, entirely particularly preferably of at most 0.50. In this way, particularly good results are obtained according to the invention.

It is also advantageous in the context of the present invention that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 850° C , in particular at temperatures in the range from 500 ° C to 800 ° C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55. Particularly good results are also obtained in this way according to the invention.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 650 ° C has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of at most 0.40, in particular at most 0.35, preferably at most 0.30, particularly preferably at most 0.25, and that with the aluminum-containing and / or aluminum-alloyed Steel component provided with a hot-dip galvanized layer or steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using a galvanizing bath containing aluminum and/or aluminum alloy at temperatures in the range from 650 °C to 850 °C has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of at most 0.65, in particular at most 0.60, preferably at most 0.55.

• • wenn die aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht mit einer Schichtdicke im Bereich von 4 µm bis 25 µm auf das Stahlbauteil aufgebracht wird; und/oder
• • wenn die aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht einen Aluminiumanteil, bezogen auf die aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht, im Bereich von 4 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.-% aufweist bzw. wenn die (zur Erzeugung der aluminiumhaltigen und/oder aluminiumlegierten Feuerverzinkungsschicht eingesetzte) aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Zinkschmelze einen Aluminiumanteil, bezogen auf die aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Zinkschmelze, im Bereich von 4 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.-% aufweist; und/oder
• • wenn die aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht die folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist, wobei alle nachfolgend genannten Mengenangaben auf die aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht bezogen sind und derart auszuwählen sind, dass insgesamt 100 Gew.-% resultieren, bzw. wenn die (zur Erzeugung der aluminiumhaltigen und/oder aluminiumlegierten Feuerverzinkungsschicht eingesetzte) aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Zinkschmelze die folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist, wobei alle nachfolgend genannten Mengenangaben auf die aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Zinkschmelze bezogen sind und derart auszuwählen sind, dass insgesamt 100 Gew.-% resultieren:
  • (i) Zink (Zn) in Mengen von 92 Gew.-% bis 96 Gew.-%,
  • (ii) Aluminium (AI) in Mengen von 4 Gew.-% bis 8 Gew.-%,
  • (iii) gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrere weitere Metalle, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von Bismut (Bi), Blei (Pb), Zinn (Sn), Nickel (Ni), Silizium (Si), Magnesium (Mg) sowie deren Kombinationen, insbesondere in Mengen von 0,001 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-%.

This particularly preferred embodiment should be considered in particular

• • if the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer is applied to the steel component with a layer thickness in the range from 4 µm to 25 µm; and or
• • if the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer, in the range of 4% by weight to 8% by weight or if the (to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt used in the hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight; and or
• • if the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has the following composition, with all of the quantities specified below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and to be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results, or if the (to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer used) aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt has the following composition, with all the quantitative data given below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt and being selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results:
  • (i) zinc (Zn) in amounts from 92% to 96% by weight,
  • (ii) aluminum (AI) in amounts of 4% by weight to 8% by weight,
  • (iii) optionally one or more other metals selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, in particular in Amounts from 0.001% to 10% by weight.

In contrast to this, the steel component used according to the invention has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m ≥ 0 before the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer is applied at temperatures above 500° C., in particular at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 850° C ,7 on.

The concept of emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, as used throughout the present invention, corresponds in particular to the definition and/or determination according to DIN EN 1993-1-2 : 2006-10 (= emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10).

The emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer can be determined using methods or processes known per se to the person skilled in the art. In particular, it is provided in this context that the emissivity (emissivity) of the surface ε _m , in particular according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10, of the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer from the temperature profile with continuous and /or increasing thermal stress, in particular in the event of fire and/or fire (in particular in accordance with DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10), is determined and/or determined. In particular, the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m , in particular according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10, can be determined by an emissivity performance test according to C. Gaigl and M. Mensinger, Technical Report “Thermal impact on HDG construction", Technical University of Munich, February 2018, and/or according to M. Mensinger and C. Gaigl, essay "Fire resistance of galvanized steel structures", Stahlbau, Vol. 88, pages 3 to 10, January 2019.

As stated above, the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath is fire-resistant or fire-resistant.

In the context of the present invention, it is particularly preferred that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath has a fire resistance class according to DIN 4102-2: 1977-09 of at least F30, in particular at least F60, preferably at least F90, particularly preferably at least F120.

Furthermore, it is equally preferred within the scope of the present invention that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath has a fire resistance class according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016- 12 of at least R30, in particular of at least R60, preferably of at least R90, particularly preferably of at least R120.

As far as the steel component used according to the invention is concerned, any desired steel components can in principle be used.

In the context of the present invention, it is particularly advantageous that the steel of the steel component is selected from (i) low-silicon steel, in particular with a silicon content of ≦0.03% by weight and with a phosphorus content of <0.02% by weight. % based on the steel; (ii) Sandelin steel, in particular with a silicon content of between 0.03% and 0.14% by weight, based on the steel; (iii) Sebisty steel, in particular with a silicon content of between 0.14% and 0.25% by weight; (iv) high-silicon steel, in particular with a silicon content of >0.25% by weight, based on the steel; and their combinations.

In the context of the present invention, it is particularly equally advantageous that the steel of the steel component is selected from steel of categories A, B, C and/or D according to DIN EN ISO 14713-2: 2020-05 and combinations thereof.

It is also advantageous within the scope of the present invention that the steel component is a steel construction element, a steel girder, a steel profile, a profile steel, a steel sheet, a steel tube or the like.

In particular, it can be provided according to the invention that the steel component is a steel component intended for construction and/or wherein the steel component is a steel construction element or component intended for construction.

Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention in particular that the steel component is a steel component intended or designed for construction or for vehicle construction or automobile manufacture.

As far as the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer is concerned, which is applied to the steel component, it can be applied using hot-dip galvanizing methods known per se (synonymously also as hot-dip galvanizing), so that no further explanations are required in this regard.

Hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) is probably the most important method of protecting steel from corrosion by means of metallic coatings; however, this method has not yet been associated with fire protection or fire protection. In hot-dip galvanizing, steel is continuously (e.g. strip and wire) or piecemeal (e.g. components) dipped into a heated tank with liquid zinc (melting point of zinc: 419, 5 °C), so that a resistant alloy layer of iron and zinc forms on the steel surface and a very firmly adhering layer of pure zinc forms on top.

In the case of hot-dip galvanizing, a distinction is made between discontinuous batch galvanizing (cf. e.g. DIN EN ISO 1461) and continuous strip galvanizing (cf. e.g. DIN EN 10143 and DIN EN 10346). Both batch galvanizing and strip galvanizing are standardized processes. Strip-galvanized steel is a preliminary or intermediate product (semi-finished product), which is further processed after galvanizing, in particular by forming, punching, cutting, etc., whereas components to be protected by piece galvanizing are first completely manufactured and only then hot-dip galvanized (which means that the construction parts are protected from corrosion all around). Batch galvanizing and strip galvanizing also differ in terms of the zinc layer thickness, which results in different protection periods. The zinc layer thickness of strip-galvanized sheet metal is usually at most 20 to 25 microns, whereas the zinc layer thickness of batch-galvanized steel parts is usually in the range of 50 to 200 microns and even more.

Hot-dip galvanizing provides both active and passive protection against corrosion. Passive protection is provided by the barrier effect of the zinc coating. The active corrosion protection is due to the cathodic effect of the zinc coating. Compared to more noble metals of the electrochemical series, such. B. iron, zinc serves as a sacrificial anode, which protects the underlying iron from corrosion until it is completely corroded itself.

In the so-called piece galvanizing according to DIN EN ISO 1461, the hot-dip galvanizing of mostly larger steel components and constructions takes place. Steel-based blanks or finished workpieces (components) are immersed in the molten zinc bath after pre-treatment. In particular, inner surfaces, weld seams and hard-to-reach areas of the workpieces or components to be galvanized can be easily reached by dipping.

Conventional hot-dip galvanizing is based in particular on dipping iron or steel components into molten zinc to form a zinc coating or coating on the surface of the components. To ensure the adhesion, integrity and uniformity of the zinc coating, a thorough preliminary surface preparation of the components to be galvanized is generally required, which usually includes degreasing followed by rinsing, followed by acid pickling followed by rinsing and finally fluxing (i.e. a so-called fluxing ) with a subsequent drying process.

Typically, within the scope of the present invention, the hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) can be carried out at a temperature in the range from 375° C. to 750° C., in particular a temperature in the range from 380° C. to 700° C., preferably a temperature in the range from 390° C. to 680° C, more preferably in the range of 395°C to 675°C.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) is carried out for a time sufficient to ensure effective hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing), particularly for a time in the range of 0.0001 to 60 minutes, preferably in the range of 0.001 to 45 minutes, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 30 minutes, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 15 minutes.

The typical process sequence for the hot-dip galvanizing carried out according to the invention is usually as follows.

1. (a) Entfettungsbehandlung, vorzugsweise alkalische Entfettungsbehandlung, des Stahlbauteils, insbesondere in mindestens einem Entfettungsbad;
2. (b) gegebenenfalls Spülen des in Verfahrensschritt (a) entfetteten Stahlbauteils, insbesondere in mindestens einem Spülbad;
3. (c) Beizbehandlung, vorzugsweise saure Beizbehandlung, des in Verfahrensschritt (a) entfetteten und gegebenenfalls in Verfahrensschritt (b) gespülten Stahlbauteils, insbesondere in mindestens einem Beizbad;
4. (d) gegebenenfalls Spülen des in Verfahrensschritt (c) gebeizten Stahlbauteils, insbesondere in mindestens einem Spülbad;
5. (e) Flussmittelbehandlung des in Verfahrensschritt (c) gebeizten und gegebenenfalls in Verfahrensschritt (d) gespülten Stahlbauteils mittels einer Flussmittelzusammensetzung in einem Flussmittelbad;
6. (f) gegebenenfalls Trocknungsbehandlung des in Verfahrensschritt (e) der Flussmittelbehandlung unterzogenen Stahlbauteils;
7. (g) Feuerverzinkung (Schmelztauchverzinkung) des in Verfahrensschritt (e) der Flussmittelbehandlung unterzogenen und gegebenenfalls in Verfahrensschritt (f) getrockneten Stahlbauteils in einer aluminiumhaltigen und/oder aluminiumlegierten Zinkschmelze, vorzugsweise durch Tauchen des Stahlbauteils in die aluminiumhaltige und/oder aluminiumlegierte Zinkschmelze.

In the context of the present invention, hot-dip galvanizing is carried out in such a way that hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing), including the pre-treatment and/or post-treatment processes, comprises the following process steps, in particular in the order listed below (whereby further steps can be added if necessary, but which are optional):

1. (a) degreasing treatment, preferably alkaline degreasing treatment, of the steel component, in particular in at least one degreasing bath;
2. (b) optionally rinsing the steel component degreased in method step (a), in particular in at least one rinsing bath;
3. (c) pickling treatment, preferably acidic pickling treatment, of the steel component degreased in process step (a) and optionally rinsed in process step (b), in particular in at least one pickling bath;
4. (d) optionally rinsing the steel component pickled in process step (c), in particular in at least one rinsing bath;
5. (e) flux treatment of the steel component pickled in method step (c) and optionally rinsed in method step (d) by means of a flux composition in a flux bath;
6. (f) optional drying treatment of the steel component subjected to the flux treatment in process step (e);
7. (g) Hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) of the steel component which has been subjected to the flux treatment in process step (e) and optionally dried in process step (f) in an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, preferably by immersing the steel component in the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt.

If necessary, within the scope of the present invention, the hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) carried out in process step (g) can be followed by a cooling step (h) and/or the steel component hot-dip galvanized (hot-dip galvanized) in process step (g) can be subjected to a cooling treatment (h), optionally followed from a further post-processing and/or post-treatment step (i). In particular, the cooling step (h) and/or the cooling treatment (h) can be carried out using air and/or in the presence of air, preferably down to ambient temperature.

In the context of the present invention, it is also preferred that hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) is carried out as piece galvanizing, in particular discontinuous piece galvanizing, preferably in accordance with DIN 50997: 2020-08 (i.e. zinc/aluminum coatings applied to steel by thin-layer galvanizing).

In the context of the present invention, it is also possible that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath and/or the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an additional Post-treatment and / or surface treatment is subjected, in particular by means of passivation and / or by means of sealing, preferably silicate coating or silicate. Such post-treatment or surface treatment processes are known per se to a person skilled in the art, so that this aspect does not need to be explained in any more detail. Within the scope of the present invention, the additional post-treatment or surface treatment can have a further positive influence with regard to the fire resistance or the fire resistance of the steel component.

A hot-dip galvanizing process that is particularly suitable according to the invention using a zinc/aluminum melt is, for example, in WO 2002/042512 A1 and the relevant publication equivalents to this patent family (e.g. EP 1 352 100 B1 , DE 601 24 767 T2 and U.S. 2003/0219543 A1 ) disclosed. With the method disclosed there, anti-corrosion coatings can be produced with very small layer thicknesses (generally well below 50 micrometers and typically in the range of 2 to 20 micrometers) and with very low weight with high cost efficiency, which is why the method described there is commercially available under the name microZINQ ^® method is applied.

As a result, within the scope of the present invention, an efficient and economical method is provided for steel components with fire resistance and / or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and / or fire resistance according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and / or DIN 4102-2: 1977 -09 to equip or equip.

Furthermore, the present invention relates - according to a second aspect of the present invention - to the use of an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer to produce fire resistance and/or fire resistance and/or to equip a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to the relevant independent use claim ( claim 22); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject of the relevant dependent claims (claims 23 and 27 to 46) and are explained in more detail below.

The subject matter of the present invention according to the second aspect of the invention is therefore the use of an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer to produce fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102- 2: 1977-09, on a steel component and/or for equipping a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977- 09, preferably for producing a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component, in particular a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09.

In the context of the use according to the invention according to the second aspect of the invention, it can be provided in particular that the steel component is provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or the steel component is subjected to hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C (Emissivity) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0.55, very particularly preferably at most 0.50, and/or that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C ° C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range of 0, 0.5 to 0.60, most preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55.

For further details on the use according to the invention according to the second aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above explanations in relation to the first aspect of the invention, which also apply in a corresponding manner to the use according to the invention according to the second aspect of the invention.

Furthermore, the present invention relates - according to a third aspect of the present invention - the use of hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) or a hot-dip galvanizing process to produce fire resistance and / or fire resistance on a steel component and / or to equip a steel component with fire resistance and / or fire resistance according to the related independent use claim (claim 24); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant dependent claims (claims 27 to 46) and are explained in more detail below.

The subject of the present invention according to the third aspect of the invention is therefore the use of hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) or a hot-dip galvanizing process to produce fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, on a steel component and/or for equipping a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, in particular for the production of a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component, preferably a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09,
wherein the steel component is provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or wherein the steel component is subjected to hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed molten zinc,
in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below of 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0.55, very particularly preferably at most 0.50, and/or that with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer provided steel component or the hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminium-containing and / or aluminum minimum-alloyed galvanizing bath subjected steel component at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range of 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55.

For further details on the use according to the invention according to the third aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above explanations in relation to the first and second aspect of the invention, which also apply correspondingly to the use according to the invention according to the third aspect of the invention.

In addition, the present invention relates - according to a fourth aspect of the present invention - to the use of aluminum to increase and/or improve the fire resistance and/or the fire resistance of a hot-dip galvanized steel component and/or a steel component provided with a hot-dip galvanized layer in accordance with the relevant independent use claim (claim 25); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant dependent claims (claims 26 to 46) and are explained in more detail below.

The subject of the present invention according to the fourth aspect of the invention is therefore the use of aluminum (i.e. use of aluminum in the hot-dip galvanizing layer) to increase and/or improve fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501- 2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, of a steel component which is hot-dip galvanized and/or provided with a hot-dip galvanizing layer, with aluminum being incorporated and/or alloyed into the hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular in the manner and/or with the proviso that an aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer results and/or that the steel component is provided with an aluminium-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer.

In the context of the use according to the invention according to the fourth aspect of the invention, it can be provided in particular that the steel component is provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or the steel component is subjected to hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C (Emissivity) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0.55, very particularly preferably at most 0.50, and/or that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C ° C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range of 0, 0.5 to 0.60, most preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55.

For further details on the use according to the invention according to the fourth aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above explanations in relation to the first to third aspects of the invention, which also apply correspondingly to the use according to the invention according to the fourth aspect of the invention.

For the uses according to the invention according to the second, third and fourth aspect of the invention, further, particularly special and/or advantageous common configurations of these uses according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant use dependent claims (claims 27 to 46). The special features of these configurations have already been described and explained above in connection with the first aspect of the invention.

Likewise, the present invention relates - according to a fifth aspect of the present invention - the use of a steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer as a structural component to meet the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to the relevant independent use claim (claim 47); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject of the relevant dependent claims (claims 48 and 49 as well as 57) and are explained in more detail below.

The subject matter of the present invention according to the fifth aspect of the invention is therefore the use of a steel component provided with an aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular a steel component which can be obtained by a method according to the invention as described above and is provided with an aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, as a structural component for Compliance with the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09.

In the context of the use according to the invention according to the fifth aspect of the invention, it can be provided in particular that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500° C, in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity ( Emissivity) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, more preferably at most 0.55, most preferably at most 0.50, and / or that with the steel component provided with the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer or d The steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using a galvanizing bath containing aluminum and/or aluminum alloy at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.55.

According to a special embodiment according to the fifth aspect of the invention, it can also be preferred that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer is used in the absence of or without additional constructive fire protection measures and devices.

For further details on the use according to the invention according to the fifth aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above statements in relation to the first to fourth aspects of the invention, which also apply correspondingly to the use according to the invention according to the fifth aspect of the invention.

Furthermore, the subject of the present invention - according to a sixth aspect of the present invention - is the use of a steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer as a structural component of receiving devices, in particular housings or containers, for energy stores or energy converters, such as fuel cells, accumulators, batteries, galvanic elements or the like, in particular for the automotive sector, preferably to meet the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance, according to the relevant independent use claim (claim 50); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the use according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant dependent claims (claims 51 and 57) and are explained in more detail below.

The subject of the present invention according to the sixth aspect of the invention is therefore the use of a steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanized layer, in particular a steel component obtainable by a method according to the invention as described above, provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanized layer, as a structural component of receiving devices , In particular housings or containers, for energy storage or energy converters, such as fuel cells, accumulators, batteries, galvanic elements or the like, especially for the automotive sector, preferably to meet the requirements of fire resistance and / or fire resistance.

Within the scope of the use according to the invention according to the sixth aspect of the invention, it can be provided in particular that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or that of the hot-dip galvanizing using an alu steel component subjected to a minium-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500° C., in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0.55, very particularly preferably of at most 0.50, and/or that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 850 °C C preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface Area ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.55.

For further details on the use according to the sixth aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above statements in relation to the first to fifth aspects of the invention, which also apply correspondingly to the use according to the sixth aspect of the invention.

Equally, the present invention relates—according to a seventh aspect of the present invention—to a supporting structure, in particular a steel structure, for a building, in particular for a building or part of a building, according to the relevant independent claim (claim 52); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the supporting structure according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant dependent claims (claims 53 and 57) and are explained in more detail below.

The subject matter of the present invention according to the seventh aspect of the invention is therefore a supporting structure, in particular a steel structure, for a building, in particular for a building or part of a building, the supporting structure being used as structural design components to meet the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, a large number of steel components provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular a large number of those obtainable by a method according to the invention as described above steel components provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, the supporting structure being free of additional constructive fire protection measures and devices and/or the supporting structure having no additional constructive fire protection elements.

In the context of the seventh aspect of the invention, it can be provided in particular that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of Surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular not more than 0.65, preferably not more than 0.60, more preferably not more than 0.55, most preferably not more than 0.50, and / or that with the aluminum-containing and /or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer provided steel component or the hot-dip galvanizing ng using an aluminum-containing and / or aluminum-alloyed galvanizing bath subjected steel component at temperatures in the range of 500 ° C to 850 ° C, preferably at temperatures in the range of 500 ° C to 800 ° C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range of 0, 05 to 0.55.

For further details on the seventh aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above statements in relation to the first to sixth aspects of the invention, which also apply correspondingly to the seventh aspect of the invention.

In addition, the present invention relates—according to an eighth aspect of the present invention—to a structure, in particular a building or part of a building, having the supporting structure according to the invention, according to the relevant independent claim (claim 54); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the structure according to the invention are the subject of related dependent claims (claims 55 and 57) and are explained in more detail below.

The subject matter of the present invention according to the eighth aspect of the invention is therefore a building, in particular a building or part of a building, which has a structure according to the invention as described above according to the seventh aspect of the invention.

In the context of the seventh aspect of the invention, it can be provided in particular that the structure is free of additional constructive fire protection measures and devices and/or the structure has no additional constructive fire protection elements.

For further details on the eighth aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above statements in relation to the first to seventh aspects of the invention, which also apply in a corresponding manner to the seventh aspect of the invention.

Finally, the subject of the present invention - according to a ninth aspect of the present invention - is the use of an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer for generating fire resistance and/or fire resistance on iron-based or iron-containing, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects and/or for finishing iron-based or ferrous, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects with fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to the relevant independent claim (claim 56); further, particularly special and/or advantageous configurations of the structure according to the invention are the subject matter of the relevant dependent claim (claim 57) and are explained in more detail below.

The subject matter of the present invention according to the ninth aspect of the invention is therefore the use of an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer for generating fire resistance and/or fire resistance on iron-based or iron-containing, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects and/or for finishing iron-based or iron-containing, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects with fire resistance and/or fire resistance

For further details on the ninth aspect of the invention, reference can be made to the above statements in relation to the first to eighth aspects of the invention, which also apply in a corresponding manner to the ninth aspect of the invention.

The present invention is also described on the basis of further drawings or figure representations, with the relevant statements applying to all aspects of the invention and with the relevant statements not being restrictive in any way; With regard to the drawings or figure representations, reference can also be made to the following explanations according to the exemplary embodiments.

• 1 in Kleinbrandversuchen ermittelte Diagrammdarstellung des Verhaltens der Emissivität (Emissionsgrad) ε_m der Oberfläche verschiedener Stahlbauteile (jeweils Niedrig-Silizium-Stahl, Si-Gehalt < 0,03 %) bei zunehmender Temperatur in Abhängigkeit vom Aluminiumgehalt im Überzug (Reinzink-Feuerverzinkungsschicht mit 0 % AI als Vergleich bzw. Referenz, erfindungsgemäß AI-legierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht mit 500 ppm AI und erfindungsgemäß AI-legierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht mit 5 Gew.-% AI), wobei mit zunehmenden AI-Gehalt der Emissivitätswert signifikant abgesenkt wird;
• 2 in Kleinbrandversuchen beobachtete Entwicklung der Bauteiltemperatur verschiedener Stahlbauteile (jeweils Niedrig-Silizium-Stahl, Si-Gehalt < 0,03 %; unverzinktes Stahlbauteil als Vergleich bzw. Referenz, Reinzink-Feuerverzinkungsschicht mit 0 % AI als Vergleich bzw. Referenz, erfindungsgemäß AI-legierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht mit 500 ppm Al und erfindungsgemäß Al-legierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht mit 5 Gew.-% Al) in Abhängigkeit von der Brandgastemperatur, wobei das Ausmaß der Bauteilerwärmung mit zunehmendem Aluminiumgehalt signifikant verringert wird;
• 3 in Kleinbrandversuchen ermittelte Diagrammdarstellung des Verhaltens der Emissivität (Emissionsgrad) ε_m der Oberfläche verschiedener Stahlbauteile (jeweils Niedrig-Silizium-Stahl, Si-Gehalt < 0,03 %) bei zunehmender Temperatur in Abhängigkeit von einer zusätzlichen Passivierung oder Versiegelung bei konstantem Aluminiumgehalt im Überzug von 5 Gew.-% (jeweils AI-legierte Feuerverzinkungsschicht mit 5 Gew.-% AI), wobei durch die zusätzliche Passivierung oder Versiegelung der Emissivitätswert weiterführend abgesenkt wird

In the figure representations shows:

• 1 Diagram of the behavior of the emissivity (degree of emission) ε _m of the surface of various steel components (each low-silicon steel, Si content < 0.03%) determined in small fire tests with increasing temperature as a function of the aluminum content in the coating (pure zinc hot-dip galvanized layer with 0% Al as a comparison or reference, according to the invention Al-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer with 500 ppm Al and according to the invention Al-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer with 5% by weight Al), the emissivity value being significantly reduced with increasing Al content;
• 2 Development of the component temperature of various steel components observed in small fire tests (each low-silicon steel, Si content <0.03%; ungalvanized steel component as comparison or reference, pure zinc hot-dip galvanized layer with 0% AI as comparison or reference, according to the invention AI-alloyed Hot-dip galvanizing layer with 500 ppm Al and, according to the invention, Al-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer with 5 wt.
• 3 Diagram of the behavior of the emissivity (degree of emission) ε _m of the surface of various steel components (each low-silicon steel, Si content < 0.03%) determined in small fire tests with increasing temperature as a function of an additional passivation or sealing with a constant aluminum content in the coating of 5% by weight (each AI-alloyed hot-dip tin layer with 5 wt. % Al), the emissivity value being further reduced by the additional passivation or sealing

Further configurations, modifications and variations of the present invention can be easily recognized and implemented by a person skilled in the art when reading the description, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The present invention is illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments, which, however, are not intended to restrict the present invention in any way, but are merely intended to explain exemplary and non-limiting implementation methods and configurations.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

General experimental setup and execution

The test set-up and the test procedure, in particular the performance of the small fire tests, including measurement of the temperature behavior in the event of fire, recording of the ETK curves and determination of the emissivity (degree of emission) ε _m of the steel surfaces is carried out according to the emissivity performance test mentioned in the general description part, as it is is described in detail in: C. Gaigl and M. Mensinger, Technical Report "Thermal impact on HDG construction", Technical University of Munich, February 2018, and M. Mensinger and C. Gaigl, Essay "Fire resistance of galvanized steel structures", Stahlbau, Vol 88, pages 3 to 10, January 2019. The determination method for the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m uses a so-called emissivity performance test, whereby the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m (ie according to DIN EN 1993-1 -2: 2006-10) is determined and determined from the temperature profile with continuous or increasing thermal load (see. above statements in the description).

The temperature measurement in the small test was carried out using two infrared (IR) sensors from Optris. The first model "LT" measures in a spectral range from 8 to 14 µm, the second pyrometer model "3MH1" measures in the range around the wavelength of 2.3 µm.

Depending on the spectral range, only a certain temperature range is covered. At certain wavelengths, measurements can only be made if the temperatures are sufficiently high.

The higher the radiation intensity, the higher the temperature. The radiation intensity is then shifted to the short-wave spectral range. At low temperatures little or no radiation is detected in the range of the 2.3 µm sensor. At temperatures above 400 °C, the 2.3 µm sensor experiences a significantly higher radiation intensity than a sensor that measures in the longer-wave spectrum. The higher the radiation intensity, the lower the susceptibility to deviations in measurements. For the 3MH1 sensor, only results above temperatures of approx. 200 °C are relevant.

Four thermocouples are used to measure the temperature in the steel samples during the test, which are inserted into the 5 mm deep holes provided in the test specimen. Three specimens are provided for each of the small fire tests.

The emissivity is adjusted so that the temperature of the pyrometers matches the temperature of the thermocouples. A temperature-dependent emissivity can be determined by recording the measured data.

The evaluation of the results begins at temperatures of 200 °C, because below this temperature the results of the IR sensors do not receive enough radiation energy

Experimental procedures and results

10mm thick test sheets are galvanized in different variants. The emissivity of the various surfaces is then determined in small fire tests.

Surface and steel variants: Hot-dip galvanizing layer alloy post-treatment The internal term steel Pure Zn (Al << 50 ppm)* - duroZINQ Low-Si (<0.03%) Zn - 500ppm Al - duroZINQ AI Low-Si (<0.03%) Zn - 0.5% Al - Sebisty (Si > 0.12%) Zn - 1% Al - Sebisty (Si > 0.12%) Zn - 5% Al - microZINQ Low-Si (<0.03%) Zn - 5% Al Passivation (Cr III - based) microZINQ + duropass Low-Si (<0.03%) Zn - 5% Al sealing (silicication) microZINQ + duroseal Low-Si (<0.03%) Zn - 5% Al sealing microZINQ + duroseal Sebisty (Si > 0.12%)
* not according to the invention

Behavior with low-Si steel

This is reflected in the small fire tests 1 shown behavior of the emissivity with increasing temperature as a function of the Al content in the zinc melt or in the coating. 1 thus shows the influence of the Al content in relation to the behavior of the emissivity with increasing temperature (here specifically for steel with a low Si content). The conventionally galvanized steel component (pure zinc hot-dip galvanizing layer) shows that above 500 °C, at the latest from 530 °C, there is a rapid increase in the emissivity value up to 0.6 at 565 °C and then, at a slower rate, from 735 °C to over 0.7 (not according to the invention, upper curve). On the other hand, even a low Al content in the hot-dip galvanizing layer of only 500 ppm causes a significant shift in the increase in the emissivity value towards a higher temperature, namely to 550 °C, and a significant reduction in emissivity at higher temperatures (middle curve ); the emissivity of 0.6 is only reached at a temperature of 615 °C (instead of 565 °C). With an Al content of 5% by weight in the zinc melt on which the formation of the zinc layer is based, these positive developments in the emissivity value are again significantly improved (lower curve).

1 , which relates to the influence of the Al content in the hot-dip galvanizing layer on steel with a low Si content (Si < 0.03%), shows that the increase in emissivity shifts towards higher temperatures with increasing Al content, with the increase additionally lower.

To carry out the hot design according to DIN EN 1993-1-2, constant emissivities can be derived in sections from the test curves and the development of the component temperature under the standardized unit fire load can be calculated. This shows that reduced emissivity has such an effect that the steel profile heats up more slowly in the event of a fire.

In 2 (which relates to the development of the component temperature with various zinc coatings on low-Si steel) is the temperature development for a steel profile HEM 280 in the ungalvanized state (not according to the invention = reference) and with three zinc coatings (pure zinc = not according to the invention; Zn - 500 ppm Al and Zn - 5% Al) for comparison. As in 2 As can be seen, the same component heats up more slowly when galvanizing with a zinc melt containing Al, the higher the Al content. The unprotected (i.e. non-galvanized) profile listed as a reference heats up the fastest compared to all galvanizing variants.

For the typical fire classes R30 and R60 according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12, for which a fire resistance of the supporting structure of 30 minutes or 60 minutes is required, the calculation results in the following temperatures according to the corresponding fire durations: Si < 0.03% emissivity ε _m temperature after 30 min temperature after 60 min ungalvanized* 0.7 continuous 665.5 917.1 Pure Zn* 0.35 0.7 up to / from 500 °C 546.7 902.9 Zn - 500ppm Al 0.2 0.7 up to / from 500 °C 439.7 878.6 Zn - 5% Al 0.2 0.5 up to / from 650 °C 439.7 754.8
* not according to the invention

A lower component temperature at the design time (30 minutes or 60 minutes) means with regard to the structural analysis that the steel component under consideration can withstand a higher load and is therefore advantageous. Alternatively, the size of the considered component can be reduced while maintaining the component temperature, resulting in mass savings on the steel side.

For the above example, the savings are as follows: Condition profile Profile weight [kg/m] temperature after 30 minutes zinc-plated* HEM 280 189 546 Zn - 5% AI HEB 360 142 547
*not according to the invention

The steel profile required to achieve the same component temperature after 30 minutes of exposure to fire can be reduced from a HEM280 steel profile to a HEB360 steel profile, resulting in a weight saving of 47 kg/m.

Behavior with steel containing Si

In the case of steel with a Si content in the Sebisty range (Si content > 0.12%), the small fire tests with coatings produced in Al-containing zinc melts again result in emissivity/temperature curves which differ significantly from the profile used as a reference with an AI-free zinc coating. It can be seen that the slope of the curves is shifted to higher temperatures as the Al content increases. The maximum emissivity values are again well below 0.7.

As already described for steel with a low Si content, constant emissivities can also be derived section by section for calculating the temperature development under fire load. The resulting results are again determined for a steel profile HEM280.

The effect according to the invention of fire resistance is thus achieved independently of the steel alloy of the steel component.

Influence of post-treatments

With regard to the influence of a passivation or sealing subsequently applied to the Zn/Al coating, the small fire tests show that these lead to very similar emissivities as in the untreated system. Accordingly, there is an existing positive, albeit tendentially minor, effect in relation to the temperature development (cf. figure according to 3 ).

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• WO 2002042512 A1 [0124]
• EP 1352100 B1 [0124]
• DE 60124767 T2 [0124]
• US20030219543A1[0124]

Claims (57)

Process for generating fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, on a steel component and/or for equipping a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, in particular a method for producing a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component, in particular one according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09 fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component, the steel component being provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or the steel component being hot-dip galvanized ( Hot-dip galvanizing) is subjected to using an aluminum-containing and / or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in particular such and / or with the proviso that with the steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550 °C, preferably at temperatures above 600 °C, particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably of at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0.55, very particularly preferably at most 0.50, and/or that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or that of the hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or or aluminum alloy galvanizing bath at T temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 850° C., preferably at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to < 0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55. procedure after claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer has a layer thickness in the range from 1 μm to 250 μm, in particular in the range from 1 μm to 200 μm, preferably in the range from 1.5 μm to 150 μm, preferably in the range from 2 μm to 100 μm, particularly preferably in the range from 2 μm to 80 μm, very particularly preferably in the range from 2.5 μm to 70 μm, even more preferably in the range from 2.5 μm to 60 μm, more preferably in the range from 3 μm to 50 µm, even more preferably in the range from 3.5 µm to 30 µm, most preferably in the range from 4 µm to 25 µm, is applied to the steel component; and/or wherein the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer has a layer thickness of at least 1 μm, in particular at least 1.5 μm, preferably at least 2 μm, preferably at least 2.5 μm, particularly preferably at least 3 μm, very particularly preferably at least 3.5 µm, even more preferably at least 4 µm, is applied to the steel component; and/or wherein the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has a layer thickness of up to 250 μm, in particular up to 200 μm, preferably up to 150 μm, preferably up to 100 μm, particularly preferably up to 80 μm particularly preferably of up to 70 μm, even more preferably of up to 60 μm, further preferably of up to 50 μm, even further of up to 30 μm, most preferably of up to 25 μm, is applied to the steel component. procedure after claim 1 or claim 2 , wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in the range from 0.025% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.04% by weight to 45 % by weight, preferably in the range from 0.05% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.075% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight % to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 1.5% to 15% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 2% to 12.5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 3% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 3.5% to 9% by weight, most preferably in the range of 4% to 8% by weight. -%, or where the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing un d/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in the range from 0.025% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.04% by weight to 45% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.05% by weight to 40% by weight before preferably in the range from 0.075% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 1.5% by weight to 15% % by weight, even more preferably in the range from 2% by weight to 12.5% by weight, more preferably in the range from 3% by weight to 10% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 3, from 5% to 9% by weight, most preferably in the range from 4% to 8% by weight; and/or wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, of at least 0.025% by weight, in particular at least 0.04% by weight, preferably at least 0.05% by weight %, preferably at least 0.075% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.1% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 1.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 2% by weight preferably at least 3% by weight, more preferably at least 3.5% by weight, most preferably at least 4% by weight, or or wherein used) aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt has an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, of at least 0.025% by weight, in particular at least 0.04% by weight, preferably mi At least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.075% by weight, more preferably at least 0.1% by weight, very preferably at least 1.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 2% by weight %, more preferably at least 3%, even more preferably at least 3.5%, most preferably at least 4%; and/or wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, of up to 50% by weight, in particular of up to 45% by weight, preferably of up to 40% by weight. %, preferably up to 30% by weight, particularly preferably up to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably up to 15% by weight, even more preferably up to 12.5% by weight, more preferably of up to 10% by weight, even more preferably of up to 9% by weight, most preferably of up to 8% by weight, or wherein the (for producing the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer used) aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt has an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, of up to 50% by weight, in particular of up to 45% by weight, preferably of up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 30% by weight, particularly preferred of up to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably of up to 15% by weight, even more preferably of up to 12.5% by weight, more preferably of up to 10% by weight, even more preferably of up to 9% by weight, most preferably up to 8% by weight. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has the following composition, all quantitative data given below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and to be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results, or . Wherein the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has the following composition, with all the quantities specified below relating to the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt and to be selected in such a way that a total of 100 wt % result: (i) Zinc (Zn) in amounts of 50% by weight to 99.975% by weight, in particular in the range of 55% by weight to 99.96% by weight, preferably in the range of 60 % by weight to 99.95% by weight, preferably in the range from 70% by weight to 99.925% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 80% by weight to 99.1% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 85% by weight to 98.5% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 87.5% by weight. -% to 98% by weight, more preferably in the range from 90% to 97% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 91% to 96.5% by weight, most preferably im range from 92% by weight to 96% by weight, (ii) aluminum (Al) in amounts from 0.025% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.04% by weight to 45% by weight %, preferably in the range from 0.05% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.075% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 1.5% by weight to 15% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 2% by weight to 12.5% by weight, more preferably in in the range of 3% to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 3.5% to 9% by weight, most preferably in the range of 4% to 8% by weight %, (iii) optionally one or more other metals, in particular selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, in particular in amounts of 0.001% by weight % to 10% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.001% by weight to 9% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.01% by weight to 8% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.02% by weight % to 6% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05% by weight to 5% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 4% by weight more preferably in the range of 0.2% to 3.5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.3% to 3% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 0.4% to 2% by weight, most preferably in the range of 0.5% by weight. -% to 1% by weight. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition and/or formation of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular the aluminum content of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer, is adjusted and/or controlled by means of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt used in the hot-dip galvanizing . Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fire resistance and/or fire resistance is adjusted and/or controlled by means of the thickness and composition and/or formation of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular by means of the aluminum content of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer; In particular, with an increase in the aluminum content of the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, the fire resistance and/or the fire resistance is/are increased; and or In particular, with an increase in the layer thickness of the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, the fire resistance and/or the fire resistance is/are increased. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer is applied to the steel component with a layer thickness in the range from 4 µm to 25 µm; and or wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight or wherein the (to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer used) aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt has an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight; and or where the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has the following composition, with all the quantities specified below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and to be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results, or where the (to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer used) aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt has the following composition, all of the quantitative data given below being based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt and are to be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results: (i) zinc (Zn) in amounts from 92% to 96% by weight, (ii) aluminum (AI) in amounts of 4% by weight to 8% by weight, (iii) optionally one or more other metals selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, in particular in Amounts from 0.001% to 10% by weight. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550 °C C, preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0 .7, in particular not more than 0.65, preferably not more than 0.60, particularly preferably not more than 0.55, very particularly preferably not more than 0.50; and/or wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 850 °C, in particular at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferred in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, most preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 7 , where the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 650 °C of at most 0.40, in particular at most 0.35, preferably at most 0.30, particularly preferably at most 0.25, and wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and / or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the hot-dip galvanizing using a aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed galvanizing bath has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of at most 0.65, in particular at most 0.60, preferably at most 0.55, at temperatures in the range from 650° C. to 850° C ; In particular, the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer being applied to the steel component with a layer thickness in the range from 4 μm to 25 μm; and/or in particular where the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight or in particular where the (for producing the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight; and/or in particular where the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has the following composition, with all quantitative data specified below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and to be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results, or in particular where the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has the following composition, with all the quantity data given below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt and being selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight % result: (i) zinc (Zn) in amounts from 92% to 96% by weight, (ii) aluminum (AI) in amounts from 4% to 8% by weight, (iii) optionally one or more other metals selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel ( Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, in particular in amounts of 0.001% by weight to 10% by weight. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the steel component, before the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer is applied, has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m ≥ 0.7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer of the definition and/or determination according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10 (= emissivity ( Emissivity) corresponds to the surface ε _m according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m , in particular according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10, of the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer from the temperature profile with continuous and/or or increasing thermal stress, in particular in the event of fire and/or fire (in particular in accordance with DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10), is determined and/or determined; in particular the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m , in particular in accordance with DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10, by an emissivity performance test in accordance with C. Gaigl and M. Mensinger, Technical Report “Thermal impact on HDG construction ", Technical University of Munich, February 2018, and/or according to M. Mensinger and C. Gaigl, essay "Fire resistance of galvanized steel structures", Stahlbau, Vol. 88, pages 3 to 10, January 2019. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath has a fire resistance class according to DIN 4102-2: 1977-09 of at least F30, especially of at least F60, preferably at least F90, more preferably at least F120. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath has a fire resistance class according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 of at least R30 , in particular at least R60, preferably at least R90, particularly preferably at least R120. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel of the steel component is selected from (i) low-silicon steel, in particular with a silicon content of ≦0.03% by weight and with a phosphorus content of <0.02% by weight, based on the steel; (ii) Sandelin steel, in particular with a silicon content of between 0.03% and 0.14% by weight, based on the steel; (iii) Sebisty steel, in particular with a silicon content of between 0.14% and 0.25% by weight; (iv) high-silicon steel, in particular with a silicon content of >0.25% by weight, based on the steel; and their combinations; and or where the steel of the steel component is selected from steel of categories A, B, C and/or D according to DIN EN ISO 14713-2: 2020-05 and combinations thereof. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel component is a steel construction element, a steel beam, a steel profile, a section steel, a steel sheet, a steel tube or the like. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel member is a steel member intended for civil engineering and/or wherein the steel member is a structural steel member or member intended for civil engineering; and or wherein the steel component is a steel component intended or designed for construction or for vehicle construction or automobile manufacture. Method according to one of the preceding claims, hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) at a temperature in the range from 375 °C to 750 °C, in particular a temperature in the range from 380 °C to 700 °C, preferably a temperature in the range from 390 °C to 680 °C, even more preferably in range of 395°C to 675°C; and or hot-dip galvanizing being carried out for a period of time sufficient to ensure effective hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing), more preferably for a period in the range of 0.0001 to 60 minutes, preferably in the range of 0.001 to 45 minutes in the range of 0.01 to 30 minutes, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 15 minutes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing), including the pre-treatment and/or post-treatment processes, comprises the following process steps, in particular in the order listed below: (a) degreasing treatment, preferably alkaline degreasing treatment, of the steel component, in particular in at least one degreasing bath; (b) optionally rinsing the steel component degreased in method step (a), in particular in at least one rinsing bath; (c) pickling treatment, preferably acidic pickling treatment, of the steel component degreased in process step (a) and optionally rinsed in process step (b), in particular in at least one pickling bath; (d) optionally rinsing the steel component pickled in process step (c), in particular in at least one rinsing bath; (e) flux treatment of the steel component pickled in method step (c) and optionally rinsed in method step (d) by means of a flux composition in a flux bath; (f) optional drying treatment of the steel component subjected to the flux treatment in process step (e); (g) Hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) of the steel component which has been subjected to the flux treatment in process step (e) and optionally dried in process step (f) in an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, preferably by immersing the steel component in the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt. procedure after claim 19 , wherein the hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) carried out in process step (g) is followed by a cooling step (h) and/or wherein the steel component hot-dip galvanized (hot-dip galvanized) in process step (g) is subjected to a cooling treatment (h), optionally followed by a further post-processing and/or post-treatment step (i); in particular the cooling step (h) and/or the cooling treatment (h) being carried out by means of air and/or in the presence of air, preferably down to ambient temperature. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) being carried out as piece galvanizing, in particular discontinuous piece galvanizing; and or wherein the steel component provided with the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy galvanizing bath and/or the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer is subjected to an additional post-treatment and/or surface treatment, in particular by means Passivation and/or by means of sealing, preferably silicate coating or silicate coating. Use of an aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer to generate fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, on a steel component and/or or to equip a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, preferably for generating a fire and/or fire-resistant steel component, in particular a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09. use after Claim 22 , wherein the steel component is provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or wherein the steel component is subjected to hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that the steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550 °C, preferably at temperatures above 600 °C, particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably of at most 0.60 , particularly preferably at most 0.55, very particularly preferably at most 0.50, and/or that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 850° C., preferably at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55. Use of hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) or a hot-dip galvanizing process to produce fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, on a steel component and/or to equip a steel component with fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular with fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, in particular for generating a fire and /or fire-resistant steel component, preferably a fire-resistant and/or fire-resistant steel component in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, the steel component being provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer and / or wherein the steel component is hot-dip galvanized (hot-dip galvanizing) using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt below is raised, in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the hot-dip galvanizing using steel component subjected to an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500° C., in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0.55 particularly preferably of at most 0.50, and/or that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, an emissivity (degree of emission) the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.55. Use of aluminum to increase and/or improve fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, a hot-dip galvanized and /or steel component provided with a hot-dip galvanizing layer, wherein aluminum is incorporated and/or alloyed in the hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that a hot-dip galvanizing layer containing aluminum and/or aluminum alloy results and/or that the steel component is coated with an aluminum-containing and /or aluminum alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer. use after Claim 25 , wherein the steel component is provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and/or wherein the steel component is subjected to hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in particular in such a way and/or with the proviso that the steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550 °C, preferably at temperatures above 600 °C, particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably of at most 0.60 , particularly preferably at most 0.55, very particularly preferably at most 0.50, and/or that the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 850° C., preferably at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55. Use according to one of the preceding claims, the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer having a layer thickness in the range from 1 µm to 250 µm, in particular in the range from 1 µm to 200 µm, preferably in the range from 1.5 µm to 150 µm, preferably in the range from 2 µm to 100 μm, particularly preferably in the range from 2 μm to 80 μm, very particularly preferably in the range from 2.5 μm to 70 μm, even more preferably in the range from 2.5 μm to 60 μm, more preferably in the range from 3 μm to 50 µm, even more preferably in the range from 3.5 µm to 30 µm, most preferably in the range from 4 µm to 25 µm, is applied to the steel component; and or the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer having a layer thickness of at least 1 μm, in particular at least 1.5 μm, preferably at least 2 μm, preferably at least 2.5 μm, particularly preferably at least 3 μm, very particularly preferably at least 3.5 µm, more preferably at least 4 µm, is applied to the steel component; and or wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer has a layer thickness of up to 250 μm, in particular up to 200 μm, preferably up to 150 μm, preferably up to 100 μm, particularly preferably up to 80 μm, very particularly preferably from up to 70 μm, even more preferably up to 60 μm, more preferably up to 50 μm, even further up to 30 μm, most preferably up to 25 μm, is applied to the steel component. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in the range from 0.025% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.04 % by weight to 45% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.05% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.075% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1% to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range from 1.5% to 15% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 2% to 12.5% by weight %, more preferably in the range from 3% to 10% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 3.5% to 9% by weight, most preferably in the range from 4% by weight. -% to 8% by weight, or where the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has an aluminum minimum proportion, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in the range from 0.025% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.04% by weight to 45% by weight, preferably in the range from 0 .05% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.075% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 1.5% to 15% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 2% to 12.5% by weight, more preferably in the range from 3% to 10% by weight wt%, more preferably in the range of 3.5 wt% to 9 wt%, most preferably in the range of 4 wt% to 8 wt%; and/or wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, of at least 0.025% by weight, in particular at least 0.04% by weight, preferably at least 0.05% by weight %, preferably at least 0.075% by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.1% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 1.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 2% by weight preferably at least 3% by weight, more preferably at least 3.5% by weight, most preferably at least 4% by weight, or or wherein used) aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt has an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, of at least 0.025% by weight, in particular at least 0.04% by weight, preferably mi At least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.075% by weight, more preferably at least 0.1% by weight, very preferably at least 1.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 2% by weight %, more preferably at least 3%, even more preferably at least 3.5%, most preferably at least 4%; and/or wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, of up to 50% by weight, in particular of up to 45% by weight, preferably of up to 40% by weight. %, preferably up to 30% by weight, particularly preferably up to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably up to 15% by weight, even more preferably up to 12.5% by weight, more preferably of up to 10% by weight, even more preferably of up to 9% by weight, most preferably of up to 8% by weight, or wherein the (for producing the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer used) aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt has an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, of up to 50% by weight, in particular of up to 45% by weight, preferably of up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 30% by weight, particularly preferred of up to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably of up to 15% by weight, even more preferably of up to 12.5% by weight, more preferably of up to 10% by weight, even more preferably of up to 9% by weight, most preferably up to 8% by weight. Use according to one of the preceding claims, in which the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has the following composition, all quantitative data given below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and to be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results, or . Wherein the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has the following composition, with all the quantities specified below relating to the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt and to be selected in such a way that a total of 100 wt % result: (i) Zinc (Zn) in amounts of 50% by weight to 99.975% by weight, in particular in the range of 55% by weight to 99.96% by weight, preferably in the range of 60 % by weight to 99.95% by weight, preferably in the range from 70% by weight to 99.925% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 80% by weight to 99.1% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 85% by weight to 98.5% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 87.5% by weight. -% to 98% by weight, more preferably in the range from 90% to 97% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 91% to 96.5% by weight, most preferably im range of 92% by weight to 96% by weight, (ii) aluminum (AI) in amounts from 0.025% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.04% by weight to 45% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.05% by weight to 40% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.075% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 1.5% by weight to 15% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 2% by weight to 12.5% by weight, further preferably in the range from 3% by weight to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 3.5% to 9% by weight, most preferably in the range of 4% to 8% by weight, (iii) optionally or several other metals, in particular selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, in particular in amounts of 0.001% by weight % to 10% by weight, in particular in the range from 0.001% by weight to 9% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.01% by weight to 8% by weight, preferably in the range from 0, 0 2% by weight to 6% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05% by weight to 5% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 0.1% by weight to 4% by weight , even more preferably in the range from 0.2% by weight to 3.5% by weight, more preferably in the range from 0.3% by weight to 3% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 0, 4% to 2% by weight, most preferably in the range of 0.5% to 1% by weight. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition and/or formation of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular the aluminum content of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, is adjusted and/or controlled by means of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt used in hot-dip galvanizing . Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fire resistance and/or fire resistance is adjusted and/or controlled by means of the thickness and composition and/or formation of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular by means of the aluminum content of the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer; In particular, with an increase in the aluminum content of the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, the fire resistance and/or the fire resistance is/are increased; and or In particular, with an increase in the layer thickness of the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, the fire resistance and/or the fire resistance is/are increased. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer is applied to the steel component with a layer thickness in the range from 4 µm to 25 µm; and or wherein the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight or wherein the (to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer used) aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt has an aluminum content, based on the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight; and or where the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has the following composition, with all the quantities specified below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and to be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results, or where the (to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer used) aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt has the following composition, all of the quantitative data given below being based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt and are to be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results: (i) zinc (Zn) in amounts from 92% to 96% by weight, (ii) aluminum (AI) in amounts of 4% by weight to 8% by weight, (iii) optionally one or more other metals selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, in particular in Amounts from 0.001% to 10% by weight. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C., very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of Surface area ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0.55, very particularly preferably at most 0.50; and/or wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 850 °C, in particular at temperatures in the range from 500° C. to 800° C., an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferred in the range from 0.05 to 0.60, most preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55. Use according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to Claim 32 , where the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 650 °C of at most 0.40, in particular at most 0.35, preferably at most 0.30, particularly preferably at most 0.25, and wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and / or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the hot-dip galvanizing using a aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed galvanizing bath has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of at most 0.65, in particular at most 0.60, preferably at most 0.55, at temperatures in the range from 650° C. to 850° C ; In particular, the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer being applied to the steel component with a layer thickness in the range from 4 μm to 25 μm; and/or in particular where the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight or in particular where the (for producing the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has an aluminum content, based on the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt, in the range from 4% by weight to 8% by weight; and/or in particular where the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer has the following composition, with all quantitative data specified below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer and to be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results, or in particular where the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt (used to produce the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer) has the following composition, with all the quantity data given below relating to the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed zinc melt and being selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight % result: (i) zinc (Zn) in amounts from 92% to 96% by weight, (ii) aluminum (AI) in amounts from 4% to 8% by weight, (iii) optionally one or more other metals selected from the group consisting of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel ( Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, in particular in amounts of 0.001% by weight to 10% by weight. Use according to one of the preceding claims, in which the steel component, before the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer is applied, has an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m >_ 0.7. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m of the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer of the definition and/or determination according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10 (= emissivity ( Emissivity) corresponds to the surface ε _m according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10). Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m , in particular according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10, of the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer from the temperature profile with continuous and/or or increasing thermal stress, esp especially in the event of fire and/or fire (in particular according to DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10), determined and/or determined; in particular the emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m , in particular in accordance with DIN EN 1993-1-2: 2006-10, by an emissivity performance test in accordance with C. Gaigl and M. Mensinger, Technical Report “Thermal impact on HDG construction ", Technical University of Munich, February 2018, and/or according to M. Mensinger and C. Gaigl, essay "Fire resistance of galvanized steel structures", Stahlbau, Vol. 88, pages 3 to 10, January 2019. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath has a fire resistance class according to DIN 4102-2: 1977-09 of at least F30, in particular at least F60, preferably at least F90, particularly preferably at least F120. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath has a fire resistance class according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 of at least R30 , in particular at least R60, preferably at least R90, particularly preferably at least R120. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel of the steel component is selected from (i) low-silicon steel, in particular with a silicon content of ≦0.03% by weight and with a phosphorus content of <0.02% by weight, based on the steel; (ii) Sandelin steel, in particular with a silicon content of between 0.03% and 0.14% by weight, based on the steel; (iii) Sebisty steel, in particular with a silicon content of between 0.14% and 0.25% by weight; (iv) high-silicon steel, in particular with a silicon content of >0.25% by weight, based on the steel; and their combinations; and or where the steel of the steel component is selected from steel of categories A, B, C and/or D according to DIN EN ISO 14713-2: 2020-05 and combinations thereof. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel component is a steel construction element, a steel beam, a steel profile, a section steel, a steel sheet, a steel tube or the like. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel member is a steel member intended for civil engineering and/or wherein the steel member is a structural steel member or member intended for civil engineering; and or wherein the steel component is a steel component intended or designed for construction or for vehicle construction or automobile manufacture. Use according to one of the preceding claims, hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) at a temperature in the range from 375 °C to 750 °C, in particular a temperature in the range from 380 °C to 700 °C, preferably a temperature in the range from 390 °C to 680 °C, even more preferably in range of 395°C to 675°C; and or wherein the hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) is carried out for a period of time sufficient to ensure effective hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing), in particular for a period of time in the range from 0.0001 to 60 minutes, preferably in the range from 0.001 to 45 minutes, preferably in in the range of 0.01 to 30 minutes, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 15 minutes. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) including the pre-treatment and/or post-treatment processes comprises the following process steps, in particular in the order listed below: (a) degreasing treatment, preferably alkaline degreasing treatment, of the steel component, in particular in at least one degreasing bath; (b) optionally rinsing the steel component degreased in method step (a), in particular in at least one rinsing bath; (c) pickling treatment, preferably acidic pickling treatment, of the steel component degreased in process step (a) and optionally rinsed in process step (b), in particular in at least one pickling bath; (d) optionally rinsing the steel component pickled in process step (c), in particular in at least one rinsing bath; (e) flux treatment of the steel component pickled in method step (c) and optionally rinsed in method step (d) by means of a flux composition in a flux bath; (f) optional drying treatment of the steel component subjected to the flux treatment in process step (e); (g) Hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) of the steel component which has been subjected to the flux treatment in process step (e) and optionally dried in process step (f) in an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt, preferably by immersing the steel component in the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed zinc melt. use after Claim 44 , wherein the hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) carried out in process step (g) is followed by a cooling step (h) and/or wherein the steel component hot-dip galvanized (hot-dip galvanized) in process step (g) is subjected to a cooling treatment (h), optionally followed by a further post-processing and/or post-treatment step (i); in particular the cooling step (h) and/or the cooling treatment (h) being carried out by means of air and/or in the presence of air, preferably down to ambient temperature. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath and/or the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer undergoes an additional post-treatment and/or or is subjected to surface treatment, in particular by means of passivation and/or by means of sealing, preferably silicate coating or silicate coating. Use of a steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular one using a method according to one of Claims 1 until 21 available steel component provided with an aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, as a structural component to meet the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance in accordance with DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and/or DIN 4102-2 : 1977-09. use after Claim 47 , wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer is heated at temperatures above 500 °C, in particular at temperatures above 550 °C, preferably at temperatures above 600 °C, very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500 °C to 800 ° C, particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500 ° C to 850 ° C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0 .55, very particularly preferably not more than 0.50, and/or wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range of 500 °C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, an emissive ity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0, 60, most preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55. use after Claim 47 or 48 , whereby the steel component provided with the aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer is used in the absence of or without additional constructive fire protection measures and devices. Use of a steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular one using a method according to one of Claims 1 until 21 available steel component provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanized layer, as a structural component of receiving devices, in particular housings or containers, for energy stores or energy converters, such as fuel cells, accumulators, batteries, galvanic elements or the like, in particular for the automotive sector, preferably to meet the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance. use after Claim 50 , wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer is heated at temperatures above 500° C., in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C, very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500 ° C to 800 ° C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0 .55, very particularly preferably not more than 0.50, and/or wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range of 500 °C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, an emissive ity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0, 60, most preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55. Supporting structure, in particular steel structure, for a building, in particular for a building or part of a building, the supporting structure as a structural design component for compliance with the requirements of fire resistance and/or fire resistance, in particular fire resistance and/or fire resistance according to DIN EN 13501-2: 2016-12 and /or DIN 4102-2: 1977-09, a large number of steel components provided with an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, in particular a large number of by a method according to one of Claims 1 until 21 available steel components provided with an aluminium-containing and/or aluminium-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer, whereby the supporting structure is free of additional constructive fire protection measures and devices and/or the supporting structure has no additional constructive fire protection elements. supporting structure Claim 52 , wherein the steel components provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer are at temperatures above 500° C., in particular at temperatures above 550° C., preferably at temperatures above 600° C., particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500° C. to 850° C, very particularly preferably in the temperature range from 500 ° C to 800 ° C, an emissivity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular at most 0.65, preferably at most 0.60, particularly preferably at most 0 .55, very particularly preferably not more than 0.50, and/or wherein the steel component provided with the aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy hot-dip galvanizing layer or the steel component subjected to hot-dip galvanizing using an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloy galvanizing bath at temperatures in the range of 500 °C to 850 °C, preferably at temperatures in the range from 500 °C to 800 °C, an emiss activity (degree of emission) of the surface ε _m below 0.7, in particular in the range from 0.05 to <0.7, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.65, particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0, 60, most preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.55. Structure, in particular a building or part of a building, having a structure Claim 52 or Claim 53 . building after Claim 54 , whereby the structure is free of additional constructive fire protection measures and devices and/or the structure has no additional constructive fire protection elements. Use of an aluminum-containing and/or aluminum-alloyed hot-dip galvanizing layer to produce fire resistance and/or fire resistance on iron-based or iron-containing, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects and/or to equip iron-based or iron-containing, in particular steel-based or steel-containing, objects with fire resistance and/or fire resistance. Use after one of Claims 47 until 51 , structure after Claim 52 or Claim 53 , structure after Claim 54 or Claim 55 or use after Claim 56 , each characterized by one or more of the features of Claims 1 until 46 .

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