DE102021108323A1 - Switching device with a locking mechanism, and commercial vehicle with such a switching device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a switching device (30) with a first and a second push rod (34, 36), each of which has at least one groove (38, 40) running around its circumference, and with a third push rod (32) on which a lever (42), wherein the three push rods are each mounted in an axially displaceable manner, with a first cylindrical pin (44) which, when the third push rod (32) is rotated in a direction of rotation in the direction of the first push rod ( 34) and with a second cylindrical pin (46) which can be displaced by the lever (42) when the third push rod (32) rotates in the other direction of rotation in the direction of the second push rod (36). The lever (42) has a first area (52) with a smaller width (B1) and a second area (54) with a larger width (B2), wherein the larger width (B2) is chosen such that starting from a neutral position, only the first or the second push rod (34, 36) can be moved axially when the third push rod (32) is moved axially, and the smaller width (B1) is selected in such a way that a displacement of the third push rod (32) in the axial Direction is blocked when, starting from the neutral position, the first and the second push rod (34, 36) are axially displaced.

Description

The invention relates to a shifting device with a locking mechanism, in particular a manual transmission such as is used in commercial vehicles, for example in trucks.

Manual transmissions in trucks use a plurality of gear pairs which are slidable or are arranged on slidable shafts in order to achieve a large number of gears, for example 12 or 16 gears. This results in optimal power transmission to the drive axle. However, certain gear sequences must be avoided, since unfavorable gear sequences can damage the manual transmission. Such gearboxes therefore have a locking mechanism that protects the gearbox.

U.S. 3,452,614 discloses a manual transmission having multiple shift rails that are axially slidable to effect multiple gear ratios. A locking mechanism, operable by one of the shift rails when it is shifted from its neutral position to one of its gear positions, moves into engagement with the other shift rail and the groove therein to hold the other shift rail in a neutral position and to prevent accidental displacement of the same.

In the 1 a shifting device 1 according to the prior art is shown, which has three coaxially arranged shifting shafts 10, 11, 12 and a coaxially arranged cylinder 14. Gears, not shown, are arranged on the selector shafts 10, 11, 12, and the selector shafts 10, 11, 12 are mounted in an axially displaceable manner for engaging and disengaging gears with corresponding gear ratios. It is pointed out that the gear wheels are not arranged directly on the selector shafts, but are engaged by shift forks, which are arranged on the selector shafts, by axially displacing a selector sleeve.

The switching shafts 10, 11, 12 are arranged in the shape of a triangle with equal distances from one another. However, a person skilled in the field of vehicle transmissions will understand that the same distances from one another are not absolutely necessary. The cylinder 14 is located, for example, in the approximate center of the triangle and is arranged within a cylinder housing 16 so that it can move in the direction of the switching shafts 10, 11, 12. Between the control shafts 10, 11, 12 and the cylinder 14, a cylinder pin 18, 19, or 20 is arranged, via which the cylinder 14 can be displaced by the control shafts 10, 11, 12. Each of the cylindrical pins 18, 19, 20 is located in a cylindrical pin guide 22, 23, or 24, which allow only an axial movement for the cylindrical pins 18, 19, 20. The selector shafts 10, 11, 12 each have a recess 26, 27, or 28, in which the cylinder pin 18, 19, or 20 associated with the selector shaft 10, 11, or 12 can engage. The indentations 26, 27, 28 are, in particular, rounded grooves, which each run over the entire or only part of the circumference of the corresponding selector shaft 10, 11, or 12.

The switching device 1 is in the 2 shown with the switching shafts 10, 11, 12 rotated by 90°, whereby the functioning of the switching device 1 can be better recognized. In the 2 is the switching device 1 in a neutral position in which all shift shafts 10, 11, 12 are designed. In this position, the control shafts 10, 11, 12 are in a position in which the cylinder pins 18, 19, 20 are engaged or can engage in the relevant recess 26, 27, or 28 respectively.

If a gear is now engaged, for example by shifting the selector shaft 10 axially, in the 3 shown, and a corresponding gear wheel is inserted, this movement causes the cylinder pin 18 to slip out of the recess 26 and is therefore pushed by the selector shaft 10 in the direction of the cylinder 14 . The cylinder 14 is thereby shifted in the direction of the cylinder pins 19 and 20.

If another gear is subsequently inserted, the selector shaft 11 is moved through the example in addition to the selector shaft 10, in which 4 shown, the cylinder pin 18 is pushed in the direction of the cylinder 14 by the control shaft 10 and the cylinder pin 19 associated with the control shaft 11 is also pushed in the direction of the cylinder 14 by the control shaft 11 . As a result, the cylinder 14 is displaced by the cylinder pins 18 and 19 in the direction of the cylinder pin 20 in such a way that the cylinder pin 20 engages in the groove 28 and therefore the selector shaft 12 can no longer be displaced. An additional displacement of the selector shaft 12 from the neutral position is therefore blocked.

Since the selector shafts 10, 11, 12 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the cylinder 14, it is ensured that the third of the selector shafts is blocked when two other selector shafts are engaged. The switching device 1 therefore contains a locking mechanism which causes only two of the three connecting rods to be axially displaceable out of the neutral position. This therefore corresponds to a 2-out-of-3 locking mechanism.

The object of the invention is to specify such a switching device which has a simplified design and, as a result, has lower costs.

This object is achieved by a switching device according to claim 1 and by a commercial vehicle according to claim 11.

The dependent claims contain advantageous developments and improvements of the invention according to the following description of these measures.

The invention relates to a switching device with at least one first and one second connecting rod, each of which has at least one groove running over its entire or only part of its circumference, and with at least a third connecting rod on which a lever is arranged. The push rods are each mounted in an axially displaceable manner. In a preferred embodiment, the switching device has at least three push rods. The switching device also contains a first cylindrical pin which can be displaced by the lever when the third push rod rotates in one direction of rotation in the direction of the first push rod, and a second cylindrical pin which can be displaced by the lever when the third push rod rotates in the other direction of rotation is displaceable in the direction of the second push rod, the lever having a first area with a smaller width and a second area with a larger width. The greater width is selected such that, starting from a neutral position, only the first or second push rod can be displaced axially when the third push rod is displaced axially, and the smaller width is selected such that displacement of the third push rod in the axial direction is blocked , when starting from the neutral position, the first and the second push rod are axially displaced. The cylindrical pins are in particular cylindrical pins. In a particular embodiment, the switching device has at least three cylindrical pins in order to formulate at least one functional connection between four push rods.

In a preferred embodiment, the neutral position of the switching device is a positioning of the push rods in which the first pin lies between the groove of the first push rod and the first portion of the lever and the second pin lies between the groove of the second push rod and the first portion of the lever, and wherein all three pushrods are axially translatable from the neutral position.

In a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the pins in the switching device are displaced in the direction of the lever when the first and second push rods are axially displaced from the neutral position, with the two pins thereby blocking an axial displacement of the third push rod.

In a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the second area of the lever engages with the two pins in the switching device when the third push rod is axially displaced from the neutral position, so that only the first or the second push rod can be displaced axially.

In a further preferred exemplary embodiment, when the first and third push rods are axially displaced out of the neutral position, the pin arranged between the second and third push rods is displaced in the switching device by rotating the lever in the direction of the second push rod and in the groove of the second Push rod engaged, so that a displacement of the second push rod from the neutral position is blocked.

In a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the widths of the two areas of the lever are selected in such a way that after an axial displacement of one of the three push rods out of the neutral position, only one further push rod can still be displaced axially.

In another preferred embodiment, the first and second push rods are arranged as outer push rods and the third push rod is arranged at a position between the first and second push rods.

In a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the ends of the pins assigned to the push rods are rounded and the grooves of the push rods are correspondingly rounded to accommodate the pin ends.

In a further preferred exemplary embodiment, at least one gearwheel is arranged on the first and the second connecting rod in each case for a gear ratio.

In a further preferred exemplary embodiment, the first and the second connecting rod are designed as shifting shafts and/or a further shifting shaft can be actuated via the third connecting rod.

The switching device can advantageously be used for a commercial vehicle, in particular for a truck.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings and are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures.

• 1 eine Schalteinrichtung nach dem Stand der Technik mit drei koaxial angeordneten Schaltwellen in einer Schnittzeichnung;
• 2 die Schalteinrichtung der 1 mit um 90° gedrehten Schaltwellen;
• 3 die Schalteinrichtung der 2 mit einem eingelegten Gang, bei dem eine Schaltwelle axial verschoben ist;
• 4 die Schalteinrichtung der 2 mit einem eingelegten Gang, bei dem zwei Schaltwellen axial verschoben sind;
• 5 eine Schalteinrichtung nach der Erfindung mit drei koaxial angeordneten Schubstangen in einer Schnittzeichnung;
• 6 eine zentrale Schubstange der Schalteinrichtung der 5, die einen Hebel aufweist, in einer Aufsicht;
• 7 die Schalteinrichtung der 5 in einer Aufsicht;
• 8a die Schalteinrichtung der 5 mit einem eingelegten Gang in einer Schnittzeichnung;
• 8b die Schalteinrichtung der 8a in einer Aufsicht;
• 9a die Schalteinrichtung der 5 mit einem anderen eingelegten Gang in einer Schnittzeichnung;
• 9b die Schalteinrichtung der 9a in einer Aufsicht;
• 10a die Schalteinrichtung der 5 mit einem weiteren eingelegten Gang in einer Schnittzeichnung;
• 10b die Schalteinrichtung der 10a in einer Aufsicht;
• 11 eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Schalteinrichtung der 5;
• 12a eine Schalteinrichtung nach der Erfindung mit vier parallel angeordneten Schubstangen in einer Aufsicht; und
• 12b eine Schalteinrichtung nach der Erfindung mit vier parallel angeordneten Schubstangen in einer Schnittzeichnung.

Show it:

• 1 a switching device according to the prior art with three coaxially arranged shift shafts in a sectional drawing;
• 2 the switching device 1 with selector shafts rotated by 90°;
• 3 the switching device 2 with an engaged gear in which a selector shaft is axially displaced;
• 4 the switching device 2 with an engaged gear in which two selector shafts are shifted axially;
• 5 a switching device according to the invention with three coaxially arranged push rods in a sectional drawing;
• 6 a central push rod of the switching device 5 , which has a lever, in a top view;
• 7 the switching device 5 in a supervision;
• 8a the switching device 5 with a gear engaged in a sectional drawing;
• 8b the switching device 8a in a supervision;
• 9a the switching device 5 with a different gear engaged in a sectional drawing;
• 9b the switching device 9a in a supervision;
• 10a the switching device 5 with another gear engaged in a sectional drawing;
• 10b the switching device 10a in a supervision;
• 11 an advantageous embodiment of the switching device 5 ;
• 12a a switching device according to the invention with four parallel push rods in a top view; and
• 12b a switching device according to the invention with four parallel push rods in a sectional drawing.

This description illustrates the principles of the inventive disclosure. It is thus understood that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements which, while not explicitly described herein, embody principles of the inventive disclosure and are intended to be protected within their scope.

In the following embodiments of 5 through 12, the elements with identifiers of "32", "34" and "36" are named as either "shift shaft" or "push rod". For example, the push rod marked "32" may be called the "central push rod or central shift shaft" and the push rod marked "34" and "36" may be called the "outer push rod or outer shift shaft". In particular, the push rod marked '34' may be referred to as 'first outer push rod or first outer shift shaft' and the push rod marked '36' may be referred to as 'second outer push rod or second outer shift shaft'.

In a preferred embodiment in which 5 shown schematically in a sectional drawing, a shifting device 30 contains the central shifting shaft 32 and two outer shifting shafts 34, 36, which are arranged parallel to one another. Each of the selector shafts 34, 36 has a groove 38 or 40 running over its circumference. A lever 42 is arranged on the selector shaft 32, through which a cylinder pin 44 can be pushed in the direction of the selector shaft 34 and a cylinder pin 46 can be pushed in the direction of the selector shaft 36 by a corresponding rotation of the selector shaft 32. The cylinder pins 44, 46 are each in a pin guide 48 or 50, so that the cylindrical pins 44, 46 are displaceable only in the axial direction, for example in the permissible direction within the pin guide 48 or 50. The switching shafts 32, 34, 36 are each mounted axially displaceably and are in the switching device 30 in the embodiment of 5 arranged in one plane or at the same height.

The seated on the central push rod or shift shaft 32 lever 42 is in the 6 shown in a plan. The lever 42 has a first area 52 with a smaller width B1 and a second area 54 with a larger width B2 and is fixedly arranged on the push rod 32 so that the lever 42 rotates when the push rod 32 rotates.

The switching device 30 of 5 is in the 7 shown schematically in a top view. The push rods 32, 34, 36 are pushed into a neutral position in which no gear is engaged. In this position, the grooves 38 and 40 of the push rods 34, 36 are each level with the cylinder pins 44 and 46, or along a line L, from the perspective of the top view, and the Push rod 32 is in a position where the smaller width portion B1 of lever 42 is also level with cylinder pins 44 and 46. The width B1 and the lengths of the cylinder pins 44, 46 are chosen in such a way that the cylinder pins 44, 46 can be moved axially. As a result, the central push rod 32, as well as the push rods 34 and 36, can each be displaced axially, in particular in the direction of an arrow 56.

If a gear is now engaged, for example by the outer push rod 34 being displaced axially in which 8a shown, the cylinder pin 44 is pushed in the direction of the lever 42 if the cylinder pin 44 projects into the groove 38 of the push rod 34 beforehand. Depending on how the lever 42 was positioned before the gear was engaged, the lever 42 can be displaced by this movement in the direction of the cylindrical pin 46 by turning the central push rod 32 clockwise.

The one in the 8a realized adjustment of the push rods 32, 34, 36 is in the 8b shown schematically in a top view. It can be seen here that only the push rod 34 has been displaced in the direction of the arrow 56 . The cylindrical pins 44 and 46 are still in engagement with the area 52 with the smaller width B1 of the lever 42. As a result, both the push rod 32 and the push rod 36 can continue to be displaced in the axial direction, in the direction of the arrow 56.

If another gear is now engaged, for example by the central push rod 32 being displaced axially in addition to the outer push rod 34 in which 9a shown, the second area 54 with the greater width B2 is in engagement with the cylindrical pins 44 and 46. If the cylindrical pin 44 previously projects into the groove 38 of the push rod 34, the cylindrical pin 44 is thereby pushed in the direction of the lever 42, and the lengths of the cylinder pins 44, 46 and the width B2 are selected in such a way that the push rod 32 rotates clockwise as a result of the axial displacement of the cylinder pin 44 and the lever 42 thereby pushes the cylinder pin 46 into the groove 40 of the push rod 36, so that the push rod 36 is blocked and an axial displacement of the push rod 36 is prevented.

The one in the 9a set positions of the push rods 32, 34, 36 are in the 9b shown schematically in a top view. It can be seen here that both the central push rod 32 and the push rod 34 have been displaced in the direction of the arrow 56 . The two cylinder pins 44, 46 are therefore in engagement with the second area 54 with the larger width B2 of the lever 42, so that the cylinder pin 46 is pushed into the groove 40 of the push rod 36, whereby the push rod 36 is blocked and no longer axial can be moved.

The same situation occurs when, starting from the neutral position of the switching device 30, a gear is engaged with which the connecting rods 32 and 36 are displaced axially in the direction of the arrow 56. In this case, the second area 54 with the greater width B2 of the lever 42 is also in engagement with the two cylindrical pins 44, 46, so that the cylindrical pin 44 is thereby pushed into the groove 38 of the push rod 32. Accordingly, the push rod 32 is blocked and can no longer be displaced axially.

In another example, starting from the neutral position of the shifting device 30, a gear is engaged by the two outer push rods 34, 36 being displaced axially, as in FIG 10a shown. If the cylindrical pin 44 is located in the groove 38 of the push rod 34, it is pushed in the direction of the lever 42 by the axial displacement of the push rod 34. The cylinder pin 46 is also pushed in the direction of the lever 42 if the cylinder pin 46 has previously been in the groove 40 of the push rod 36 .

The lengths of the cylinder pins 44, 46 are selected in such a way that the lever 42, the area 52 of which with the smaller width B1 is in engagement with the cylinder pins 44, 46 in the neutral position, is thereby blocked by the cylinder pins 44, 46, so that neither a rotation of the central push rod 32 nor an axial displacement in the direction of the arrow 56 is possible. As a result, in a next step no gear can be engaged in which the push rod 32 is involved.

The one in the 10a set positions of the push rods 32, 34, 36 are in the 10b shown schematically in a top view. It can be seen here that both the push rod 34 and the push rod 36 are displaced in the direction of the arrow 56, and as a result the cylindrical pins 44, 46 cannot be displaced into the groove 38 or 40. The two cylinder pins 44, 46 are therefore in engagement with the first area 52 with the smaller width B1 of the lever 42, along the line L. Since the width B1 of the first area 52 of the lever 42, as well as the lengths of the cylinder pins 44, 46, are selected in such a way that the second area 54 with the larger width B2 does not fit between the two cylindrical pins 44, 46, an additional axial displacement of the push rod 32 in the direction of the arrow 56 is hereby prevented.

The switching device 30 therefore contains a locking mechanism which causes that only two of the three push rods are axially displaceable. In this exemplary embodiment, this corresponds to a 2-out-of-3 locking mechanism. The two push rods 34 and 36 are, for example, selector shafts that move one or more gears axially via shift forks and can thus engage them. Another selector shaft can be actuated by the connecting rod 32, for example. Depending on the arrangement of the gears, this can have the effect in the shifting device 30 that certain gear sequences are prevented.

The locking mechanism of the switching device 30 requires only a small number of components and is therefore inexpensive to produce. Due to the small number of components, the tolerances of the components can also be better controlled. Other locking mechanisms can be realized by the invention, such as switching devices with a 3-of-5, 1-of-3 or 1-of-4 locking mechanism by the lengths of the cylindrical pins and the widths B1 and B2 of the lever or 42 so adjusted so that the planned number of axial insertion movements is not exceeded. If more than 3 push rods are involved, a further push rod with a lever 42 is arranged between the two outer push rods, which has a further cylinder pin to the already existing lever 42 on the already existing push rod.

Such a switching device 60 is in the 11 shown schematically in a top view. The switching device 60 has two outer push rods 64, 66, a central push rod 62 and two cylindrical pins 74, 76. In this exemplary embodiment, push rod 64 has two grooves 68 running around the circumference of push rod 64, and push rod 66 has two grooves 70 running around the circumference of push rod 66. Here, push rod 64 moves a shift fork 78 axially and push rod 62 moves one Shift fork 80 axial. A lever 72 is attached to the central push rod 62 . The push rods are actuated by a pneumatic cylinder, not shown here.

12a shows another such switching device 90 according to the invention with four parallel push rods 92, 94, 96, 98 in a top view.

The switching device 90 according to the present exemplary embodiment comprises three cylinder pins 100, 102, 104 in order to connect the four push rods 92, 94, 96, 98 arranged in parallel. Also shows 12a an embodiment in which at least two shift forks 106 and 108 have been shown purely schematically. Here, the push rod 94 moves a shift fork 106 axially and the push rod 92 moves a shift fork 108 axially. The push rods are actuated by a pneumatic cylinder, not shown here.

In the present embodiment, two levers 120 and 122 are mounted on the centrally located push rods 92 and 96. In the present exemplary embodiment, push rod 94 has two grooves 110 running around the circumference of push rod 94, and push rod 98 has two grooves 112 running around the circumference of push rod 98.

12b represents the switching device 80, which is also in 12a shown, according to the invention with the four parallel push rods 82, 84, 86, 88 in a sectional drawing. The details and the explanations of the embodiment according to 12a are also relevant here. For this reason, this information is not repeated.

All examples mentioned herein, as well as conditional language, are to be understood as not being limited to such specifically cited embodiments. The disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described here. There is room for various adaptations and modifications that those skilled in the art would contemplate based on their skill in the art as well as belonging to the disclosure.

Reference List

1

switching device

10,11,12

switching shafts

14

cylinder

16

cylinder body

18, 19, 20

straight pins

22, 23, 24

straight pin guides

26, 27, 28

indentations

30

switching device

32

central push rod or central shift shaft

34, 36

outer push rods or outer shift shafts

38, 40

grooves

42

lever

44, 46

straight pins

48, 50

pin guides

52, 54

areas of the lever

56

Arrow

60

switching device

62

central push rod or central shift shaft

64, 66

outer push rods or outer shift shafts

68, 70

grooves

72

lever

74, 76

cylindrical pins

78, 80

shift forks

90

switching device

94, 98

outer push rods or outer shift shafts

92

first central push rod or central shift shaft

96

second central push rod or central shift shaft

110, 112

grooves

120, 122

lever

100, 102, 104

straight pins

106, 109

shift forks

B1, B2

Lever widths

L

line

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• US3452614 [0003]

Claims (11)

Switching device (30; 60, 90) consisting of at least one first and one second connecting rod (34, 36; 64, 66; 94, 98), each of which has at least one groove (38, 40; 68, 70; 110 , 112) and having at least one third push rod (32; 62; 92) on which a lever (42; 72; 120; 122) is arranged, wherein the push rods (32, 34, 36; 62, 64, 66 ; 92, 94, 96, 98) are each mounted in an axially displaceable manner, with a first cylindrical pin (44; 74, 100) which is actuated by the lever (42; 72; 120; 122) when the third push rod (32; 62; 92) is slidable in a rotational direction toward the first push rod (34; 64, 94), and a second cylindrical pin (46; 76; 102) activated by the lever (42; 72; 120) upon rotation of the third push rod (32; 62; 92) in the other direction of rotation in the direction of the second push rod (36; 66; 96) is displaceable, wherein the lever (42; 72; 120, 122) has a first area (52) with a smaller width (B1) and a second area (54) with a larger width (B2), the greater width (B2) is selected in such a way that, starting from a neutral position, only the first or the second push rod (34, 36; 64, 66; 94, 98) can be displaced axially when the third push rod (32; 62; 92) is displaced axially, and the smaller width (B1) is selected in such a way that displacement of the third push rod (32; 62; 92) in the axial direction is blocked when, starting from the neutral position, the first and second push rods (34, 36; 64, 66, 94 , 98) are axially shifted. Switching device (30; 60; 90) according to claim 1 , wherein in the neutral position of the switching device (30; 60; 90) the first pin (44; 74, 100) between the groove (38; 68, 110) of the first connecting rod (34; 64, 94) and the first area (52 ) of the lever (42; 72; 120) and the second pin (46; 76; 102) lies between the groove (40; 70; 112) of the second push rod (36; 98) and the first area (52) of the lever ( 42; 72; 122), and the two pins (44, 46; 74, 76; 100, 102, 104) thereby blocking an axial displacement of the third push rod (32; 62; 92, 96). Switching device (30; 60; 90) according to claim 2 , With an axial displacement of the first and the second push rod (34, 36; 64, 66; 94, 98) out of the neutral position, the pins (44, 46; 74, 76; 100, 102, 104) in the direction of the lever (42; 72; 120, 122) are displaced and the third push rod (32; 62; 92, 96) is thereby blocked by the two pins (44, 46; 74, 76; 100, 102, 104). Switching device (30; 60; 90) according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein when the third push rod (32; 62; 92, 96) is axially displaced out of the neutral position, the second area (54) of the lever (42; 72; 120, 122) engages with the two pins (44, 46; 74, 76; 100, 102, 104) and as a result only the first or the second push rod (34, 36; 64, 66; 94, 98) can be displaced axially. Switching device (30; 60; 90) according to claim 4 , with an axial displacement of the first and the third push rod (34, 32, 64, 62; 94, 92, 96) out of the neutral position of the between the second and the third push rod (36, 32, 66, 62; 98, 92, 96) arranged pin (46; 76; 102, 104) is displaced by a rotation of the lever (42; 72; 120, 122) in the direction of the second push rod (36; 66; 94, 98) and in the groove ( 40; 70; 112) of the second push rod (36; 66; 94, 98) is engaged, thereby blocking displacement of the second push rod (36; 66; 94, 98) out of the neutral position. Switching device (30; 60; 90) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the widths (B1, B2) of the two areas (52, 54) of the lever (42; 72; 120, 122) are selected such that after an axial displacement from one of the connecting rods (32, 34, 36; 62, 64, 66; 92, 94, 96, 98) from the neutral position only one further connecting rod (32, 34, 36; 62, 64, 66, 92, 94 , 96, 98) is axially displaceable. Switching device (30; 60; 90) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and the second push rod (34, 36; 64, 66; 94, 98) are arranged as outer push rods and the third push rod (32; 62; 92, 96) is located in a position between the first and second push rods (34, 36; 64, 66; 94, 98). Switching device (30; 60; 90) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ends of the pins (44, 46; 74, 76; 100, 102, 104) are rounded and the grooves (38, 40; 68, 70; 110, 112) of the push rods (32, 34, 36; 62, 64, 66; 92, 94, 96, 98) for a recording of the pin ends are rounded accordingly. Shifting device (30; 60; 90) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one shifting fork is arranged on the first and the second connecting rod (34, 36; 64, 66; 94, 98) for a gear ratio. Switching device (30; 60; 90) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and the second push rod (34, 36; 64, 66; 94, 98) are designed as shift shafts and/or a further shift shaft can be actuated via the third connecting rod (32; 62; 92, 96). Commercial vehicle, in particular truck, which has a switching device (30; 60; 90) according to one of the preceding claims.

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