DE102021103778A1 - Transport recording for accumulator cells and method for the characterization and selection of accumulator cells - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transport mount for accumulator cells and a method for characterizing and selecting accumulator cells. The object is to enable individual cells to be measured easily, reliably and with reduced time and/or handling effort Plurality of accumulator cells, the transport receptacle comprising at least one AD converter and having a line and switching arrangement, characterized in that the line and switching arrangement is set up to contact each of the accumulator cells accommodated at the positive and negative poles and is set up to optionally electrically connect at least one AD converter individually to each of the accommodated cells in such a way that the AD converter is supplied with the individual cell voltage of the individual accumulator cell, the transport accommodation being set up, the line and switching arrangement and the at least one Controlling AD converters in such a way that the at least one AD converter, in particular repeatedly and/or successively, measures the individual cell voltage of each of the accumulators.

Description

The present invention relates to a transport receptacle for accumulator cells and methods for characterizing and selecting accumulator cells.

It is known that accumulators have a self-discharge. This has been studied many times, for example in "Cell-to-cell variation of calendar aging and reversible self-discharge in 18650 nickel-rich, silicon-graphite lithium-ion cells", I. Zilberman, S. Ludwig, A. Jossen , Journal of Energy Storage 26 (2019) 100900 and "Reversible self-discharge and calendar aging of 18650 nickel-rich, silicon-graphite lithium-ion cells", I Zilberman*, J Sturm, A Jossen, Journal of Power Sources 425 (2019) 217-226.

Various methods are also known for determining the properties of accumulators, for example from "A comparison of methodologies for the non-invasive characterization of commercial Li-ion cells", Barai et al. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 72 (2019) 1-31.

It is also known that some properties of accumulators are temperature-dependent.

Also known are devices for housing batteries made up of accumulators, capable of displaying the voltage of the battery, for example the Newport Vessels Smart Battery Box.

Due to the fluctuation in production quality and the fire hazard posed by lithium cells, they are often tested for 72 hours to ensure adequate and/or consistent quality of secondary batteries. Efforts are known to reduce this test time.

Also it is from the KR 2015 0081731 A known to interconnect a battery management with accumulators so that the voltages of the accumulators can be measured individually and the accumulators can be selectively connected in parallel via module switches.

It is also known to sort and/or group individual cells on the basis of measurements in order to form batteries from them. The accumulator cells are usually sorted according to quality. As a rule, the procedure is such that cells that fall below a minimum quality level are sorted out, in some cases the remaining cells are assigned to different quality levels and/or combined to form accumulator cell batteries connected in parallel in such a way that the overall quality of the batteries of one quality level or of all batteries is as similar as possible and/or or have as few fluctuations as possible. As a measure of the quality of the individual cell and/or the battery, for example, capacity, internal resistance and/or service life expectancy can be used. The service life expectancy can be used, for example, the expected maximum number of cycles, in particular until a predetermined remaining capacity limit and/or maximum resistance limit is reached, and/or the expected maximum calendar storage time. Such expectations are formed according to different methods based on different measured values.

The object is to specify a device, a method and a use that allows the individual cells to be measured easily, reliably and with reduced time and/or handling effort and in particular enables a plurality of measurements and/or a particularly reliable statement about properties of the individual cells , in particular to carry out a sorting and/or grouping based on this.

The object is achieved by a transport mount according to claim 1, a method according to claim 5 or 10 and a use according to claim 7 or 9. The dependent claims specify advantageous developments.

• korrelierende Spannung = L * Einzelzellenspannung der einzelnen Akkumulatorzelle + K,
• wobei L dimensionslos und K in V gegeben ist.

The object is achieved by a transport mount for accommodating a plurality of, in particular separate, battery cells, in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical connections and/or round cells, in particular of the 18650 type. The transport mount is set up, the majority of the battery cells like this record that these are recorded in a stationary manner for transport, in particular by means of clamps, in particular each of the plurality of battery cells. Advantageously, all battery cells are electrically connected to electrically conductive elements of the transport receptacle with both poles in the received state. The transport recording includes at least one AD converter and a line and switching arrangement. The transport recording is characterized in that the line and switching arrangement is set up to contact each of the accumulator cells at the plus and at the negative pole and set up to connect the at least one AD converter individually to each of the cells so that the AD converter receives the individual cell voltage of the individual accumulator cell and/or a voltage correlating to the individual cell voltage of the individual accumulator cell is supplied. For example, in the case of an electrical separation, the individual cell voltage can be supplied to the individual accumulator cell, for example by establishing a conductive electrical connection, in particular with a resistance of less than 1 ohm, in particular less than 10 mOhm. However, a galvanically isolated connection can also be created, for example. In both alternatives, a voltage that correlates to the individual cell voltage of the individual accumulator cell can be fed to the AD converter, which voltage corresponds in particular to the individual cell voltage of the individual accumulator cell or depends on it, in particular via the following equation with predetermined constants L and K:

• correlating voltage = L * single cell voltage of the single accumulator cell + K,
• where L is dimensionless and K is given in V.

This can be implemented, for example, by an optocoupler or a voltage divider or an amplifier. This allows a high measurement accuracy and/or a low measurement current to be implemented.

In particular, it is preferred if the arrangement is selected in such a way that only a small current flows out of the accumulator during the measurement and an even smaller current flows out of the accumulator in times without measurement. In particular, it is preferred at times when there is no measurement of the individual battery cell voltage of an individual battery cell to keep the discharge current lower than the current that flows when the battery cell is short-circuited with a resistance of 1 megohm, in particular 10 megohm, preferably 1 giga ohm . As a result, the influence on the accumulator cell is kept as low as possible. This applies in particular to all individual accumulator cells. In particular, the transport receptacle is designed accordingly, which can be done by activating the accumulator cells or the contact lugs by means of a relay. Instead of a relay, however, correspondingly high-impedance electrical switching means such as MOSFETS can also be used.

The transport receptacle is set up, in particular, to control the line and switching arrangement and the at least one AD converter in such a way that the at least one AD converter, in particular repeatedly and/or successively, measures the individual cell voltage of each of the accumulator batteries.

The transport receptacle is designed in particular as a tray and/or as a flat receptacle and/or that is rectangular in plan. In particular, it is formed with a height that is less than each of the width and length dimensions. In particular, it is a receptacle suitable for transport in a container for a large number of individual accumulator cells and is particularly designed, particularly in the state in which another identical transport receptacle is stacked, to partially shield the accommodated accumulator cells from external influences, the individual cells, in particular with the stacked transport receptacle, from to surround all sides.

The object is also achieved by a set and/or stack of several transport mounts according to the invention and by a set and/or stack of several transport mounts according to the invention and a communication, storage and/or power supply unit.

The object is also achieved by a method for determining the self-discharge and/or the influence of temperature and/or the influence of acceleration on the individual cell voltage of a plurality of accumulator cells, in particular separate accumulator cells, in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical connections and /or round cells, in particular of the 18650 type, with a plurality of individual cell voltages of each of the accumulator cells being determined during transport by road, water and/or air, in particular by means of a transport mount according to the invention.

The task is also solved by using the time to transport a number of accumulators together, in particular separate accumulator cells, in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical connections and/or round cells, in particular of the 18650 type, on the road, on the Water and/or the air to determine the self-discharge and/or the influence of temperature and/or the influence of accelerations on the individual cell voltages during transport, in particular by means of a transport receptacle according to the invention.

The object is also achieved by using the voltage series of the individual cell voltages of a plurality of battery cells, in particular separate battery cells, in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical connections and, obtained during transport by road, water and/or air /or Round cells, in particular of the 18650 type, over the period of transport to determine the grouping and/or the sorting of the plurality of battery cells, in particular by means of a transport receptacle according to the invention.

1. a. Produktion einer Mehrzahl von Akkumulatorzellen, insbesondere separaten, Akkumulatorzellen, insbesondere mit frei liegenden Polen und/oder frei liegenden elektrischen Anschlüssen und/oder Rundzellen, insbesondere vom Typ 18650,
2. b. Transport der Mehrzahl von Akkumulatorzellen, insbesondere in mindestens einer erfindungsgemäßen Transportaufnahme,
3. c. Herstellung der Mehrzahl der Akkumulatorbatterien aus der Mehrzahl transportierter Akkumulatorzellen,

dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Transports eine Mehrzahl von Einzelzellspannungswerten jeder der Mehrzahl von Akkumulatorzellen bestimmt wird, insbesondere mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Transportaufnahme, und die Anordnung und/oder Auswahl der Mehrzahl von Akkumulatorzellen zur Bildung der Mehrzahl der Akkumulatorbatterien auf Basis der Mehrzahl von gemessenen Spannungswerten erfolgt.The object is also achieved by a method for producing a plurality of accumulator batteries, the accumulator cells of each accumulator battery being electrically connected in parallel to one another, comprising

1. a. Production of a plurality of accumulator cells, in particular separate accumulator cells, in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical connections and/or round cells, in particular of the 18650 type,
2. b. Transport of the plurality of accumulator cells, in particular in at least one transport receptacle according to the invention,
3. c. Production of the majority of accumulator batteries from the majority of transported accumulator cells,

characterized in that a plurality of individual cell voltage values of each of the plurality of accumulator cells is determined during transport, in particular by means of the transport mount according to the invention, and the arrangement and/or selection of the plurality of accumulator cells to form the plurality of accumulator batteries takes place on the basis of the plurality of measured voltage values .

Uncovered poles are to be understood, in particular, as meaning those that are not protected against contact and/or those that are not arranged in a recess and/or connector housing. In particular, the poles are arranged diametrically opposite one another on two opposite sides of the cell and/or on the same side of the cell.

A stationary recording is in particular one in which the position of the battery cell is limited within clearly defined limits. This can be achieved, for example, by partially enclosing the battery cell. This enclosing can be done, for example, by walls, clamping lugs and/or contact lugs. In particular, the transport receptacle has a base body which is in particular non-conductive and/or made of plastic. In particular, this base body has indentations through which the slots are formed, with exactly one indentation being provided in particular for each slot. This depression has a wall on at least three, in particular five, adjoining sides. Freedom of movement is further restricted on two sides, in particular by poll loops. An accumulator cell can be inserted into this depression. To prevent it from falling out, the transport receptacle, in particular the base body, has, in particular in each slot, preferably at least one, in particular at least two, removal safeguards, in particular clamping means, in particular clamping lugs, and/or cover element(s), for example covers. These are in particular formed integrally with the base body. The movement of the accumulator cell is thus limited in particular in three, four, five or six directions by the base body. In particular, its movement is restricted in two directions, in particular opposite one another, by two contact lugs, and in particular it is clamped. For this purpose, the contact lugs are designed in particular to be resilient.

The base body and/or the transport mount is/are preferably designed in such a way that the base body accommodates the other elements of the transport mount, in particular AD converter, temperature measuring probe, at least one circuit board, contact lugs and/or line and circuit arrangement and these are fixed to the base body, in particular the base body holds them, in particular by means of locking means.

Transport means, in particular, transport in a truck, a ship and/or an airplane, in particular in a container. The transport lasts in particular at least 72 hours, preferably at least 144 hours and/or takes place in particular over at least 1500 km. In particular, the transport takes a maximum of eight weeks.

During transport, the transport receptacle is preferably exposed to different accelerations and/or temperatures as a result of the transport itself. In particular, the transport receptacle is not air-conditioned and/or is only air-conditioned to the extent that the accumulator cells and/or the transport receptacle are not damaged. The temperature differences occur primarily due to different environmental influences during transport. The accelerations occur in particular as a result of accelerations in the means of transport, in particular trucks, ships and/or airplanes. Namely in and against the direction of travel as well as perpendicular to it, for example due to steering movements and/or bumps, waves and/or air pockets. Thus, the environmental influences or transport movements that occur without additional costs can be used. An additional active generation of different temperatures and/or accelerations for the purpose of measurement can thus be dispensed with and transport can be used instead.

During transport, in particular, exactly one battery cell is accommodated in a slot and in particular at least 50%, in particular all slots of the and/or the transport receptacle are filled with battery cells. In this case, the accumulator cells are in particular electrically contacted at both poles, in particular by means of contact lugs of the transport receptacle.

During transport, in particular a plurality of transport receptacles, in particular at least ten transport receptacles, are stacked on top of one another and, in particular, are electrically connected to one another. In particular, several such stacks are transported together.

A voltage series is to be understood in particular as meaning the measurement of the individual cell voltage at a plurality of, in particular at least five, preferably at least ten, different points in time. These points in time are preferably selected in such a way that they span the transport time by at least 75% and/or in particular have distances from one another that are at least mostly, in particular all in the range from 50% to 200%, of the transport time spanned by the measurements by dividing them through the number of time points resulting time span.

In particular, at least five, preferably at least ten, voltage measurements are carried out for each accumulator cell during transport. In particular, the intervals between the voltage measurements of an accumulator cell are at least one hour, in particular at least two hours, and/or a maximum of 24 hours, in particular a maximum of 12 hours. In particular, each of the voltage measurements takes place in a time span of up to a maximum of 1 s. In particular, during this period of time, several voltage values, in particular a number in the range from 10 to 50, are measured, in particular in each case over a maximum period of 100 ms, and these are averaged, which then results in a voltage measurement.

To measure such voltage series, the accumulator cells are repeatedly electrically connected one after the other to an AD converter assigned to them and arranged next to the row of receiving slots, and the individual voltage is measured using the AD converter. For this it is important that only the voltage of the individual cell is fed to the AD converter. Although poles of several individual cells can be connected to an input of the AD converter, it is important that only one individual cell is connected to the AD converter with both poles, for example galvanically or electronically. One input of the AD converter is advantageously connected to the negative pole of a large number of individual cells, but the associated second input is only connected to the positive pole of one of this large number of accumulator cells. It can also be done the other way around with regard to plus and minus poles.

At least one series of temperature measurements, in particular at least one temperature sensor, in particular of the transport receptacle, is advantageously also recorded. In particular, the transport receptacle is set up for this.

A series of temperature measurements is to be understood in particular as the measurement of the temperature or of a voltage correlating thereto at a plurality of, in particular at least five, preferably at least ten, different points in time. These points in time are preferably selected in such a way that they span the transport time by at least 75% and/or in particular have distances from one another that are at least mostly, in particular all in the range from 50% to 200%, of the transport time spanned by the measurements by dividing them through the number of time points resulting time span.

In order to connect the AD converter to different poles and/or accumulator cells, the transport receptacle has the switching arrangement with at least one switching means. The switching means can be formed by a relay, a transistor and/or a MOSFET, for example.

With particular advantage, the switching means is designed in such a way that it is electrically isolated when not connected or at least has a high resistance, in particular with a resistance of at least 10 mega ohms, in particular at least one giga ohm.

This means in particular that the accumulator cells not connected to the AD converter for measurement or their pole(s) are preferably electrically isolated from the AD converter or at least a resistor of at least one megohm, in particular at least one giga ohm, is connected in between. In particular, the measuring circuit for voltage measurement has a resistance of at least 100 k ohms and/or is designed in such a way that during the measurement a current flows less than the current from the individual accumulator cell, than the current that flows through a resistance of 100 k ohms when the accumulator cell is short-circuited would flow.

In particular, the line arrangement has a ground line that is permanently electrically connected to a respective first contact lug of all slots. In particular, a second contact lug of each slot is connected to a circuit board and/or connected directly to a switching element and/or designed and/or arranged to be connectable to an AD converter by means of a switching element.

The transport receptacle, in particular AD converter, power and/or switching arrangement is/are designed in particular to measure the individual cell voltage with an accuracy of at least 0.5 mV, in particular with an accuracy of at least 0.1 mV.

With an accuracy of at least 0.5 mV, the accuracy is 0.5 mV or an accuracy with a lower voltage deviation, for example 0.2 mV.

In particular, one AD converter is provided in the transport receptacle for every five to 20 slots and/or accumulator cells. In particular, the transport receptacle has 40 to 100 slots and/or four to ten rows of slots and/or one to ten, in particular two to five, AD converters.

mit a reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V/s und b reeller Zeit mit der Einheit V
oder $$\text{Einzelzellenspannungstemperatureinfluss}\left(\text{Temperatur}\right)=\text{c * Temperatur}+\text{d}$$

mit c reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V/K und d reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V.
so bestimmt, dass eine Abweichung, insbesondere die quadratische Abweichung, von den Messreihen minimiert wird.In particular, the dependency of the individual cell voltage of each of the individual accumulator cells recorded on the temperature and/or time is determined by means of a regression, in particular linear regression, or other mathematical methods. In particular, this calculates several constants. In particular, for each accumulator cell included, the constants of a mathematical equation such as $$\text{single cell voltage}\left(\text{Period of time}\right)=\text{a * time span}+\text{b}$$

with a real number with the unit V/s and b real time with the unit V
or $$\text{Single cell voltage temperature influence}\left(\text{temperature}\right)=\text{c * temperature}+\text{i.e}$$

with c real number with unit V/K and d real number with unit V.
determined in such a way that a deviation, in particular the square deviation, from the series of measurements is minimized.

In particular, before the constants for the mathematical equation for the individual voltage are determined, the measurement series is adjusted for temperature.

mit e reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V/K und f reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V.This can be done, for example, by first determining the constants of a mathematical equation for the dependence of the individual voltage on the temperature for the individual accumulator cell, for example the equation $$\text{Single cell voltage correction}\left(\text{temperature}\right)=\text{e * temperature}+\text{f}$$

with e real number with unit V/K and f real number with unit V.

The measured individual cell voltages can then be corrected using the equation to a uniform temperature, in particular within the range of the temperatures that actually occurred or a temperature in the range from 0 to 30 °C.

mit a reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V/s und b reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V
so bestimmt, dass eine Abweichung, insbesondere die quadratische Abweichung, von den Messreihen minimiert wird.With this corrected individual voltage range, the dependency of the individual cell voltage of the individual accumulator cell on time can then be determined, in particular by means of a regression, in particular linear regression, or other mathematical methods. In particular, this calculates several constants. In particular, the constants of a mathematical equation are like $$\text{single cell voltage}\left(\text{Period of time}\right)=\text{a * time span}+\text{b}$$

with a real number with unit V/s and b real number with unit V
determined in such a way that a deviation, in particular the square deviation, from the series of measurements is minimized.

mit g reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V/s und h reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V/K und k reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V.It is also possible to work with a combined equation, e.g. as follows: $$\begin{array}{l}\text{single cell voltage}\ddot{\text{a}}\text{change}\left(\text{Period of time}\text{, temperature}\ddot{\text{a}}\text{change}\right)=\\ \text{g * time span}+\text{h * temperature}\ddot{\text{a}}\text{change}+\text{k}\end{array}$$

with g real number with unit V/s and h real number with unit V/K and k real number with unit V.

mit m reeller Zahl mit der Einheit V/(m/s²) und n reeller Zeit mit der Einheit V so bestimmt, dass eine Abweichung, insbesondere die quadratische Abweichung, von den Messreihen minimiert wird. Als Beschleunigung kann Dauer der Beschleunigung, ein Mittelwert der Beschleunigung und/oder der Maximalwert der Beschleunigung und/oder eine Metrik aus diesen Werten und/oder aus den gemessenen Beschleunigungswerten und der Zeiten verwendet werden.The transport receptacle is advantageously set up to measure the acceleration of the transport receptacle and/or the accumulator cells accommodated, in particular to record at least one series of acceleration measurements. In particular, an acceleration is also recorded for each voltage measurement. With particular advantage, the acceleration is recorded continuously, in particular at time intervals in the range from 1 Hz to 1000 Hz. In particular, the acceleration is detected with an accuracy of 1m/s or better. In particular, the transport tray is set up for this. Continuous recording also allows the influence of the acceleration between the voltage measurements to be taken into account. Acceleration can have permanent effects on the battery voltage, which can be explained by micro-short circuits, for example. In particular, the dependency of the individual cell voltage of each of the individual accumulator cells recorded on the acceleration is also determined with regard to the influence of the acceleration on the individual cell voltage, in particular by means of a regression, in particular linear regression, or other mathematical methods. As a result, one or more constants is/are calculated in particular. In particular, for each accumulator cell included, the constants of a mathematical equation such as $$\begin{array}{l}\ddot{\text{A}}\text{Change in single cell voltage}\left(\text{acceleration}\right)=\text{m * acceleration}+\text{n}\\ \end{array}$$

with m real number with the unit V/(m/s ² ) and n real time with the unit V determined in such a way that a deviation, in particular the quadratic deviation, from the series of measurements is minimized. Duration of the acceleration, a mean value of the acceleration and/or the maximum value of the acceleration and/or a metric from these values and/or from the measured acceleration values and the times can be used as the acceleration.

In the production of a plurality of storage batteries, in particular at least two, preferably at least five storage batteries, but advantageously at least 50 storage batteries are produced. The production of accumulator batteries with accumulator cells connected in parallel to one another does not rule out the possibility of arranging several of these accumulator batteries, for example in a common housing, and electrically connecting them in parallel and/or in series.

In particular, the sorting, grouping and/or mixing, arrangement and/or selection of the accumulator cells is carried out using the determined series of measurements and/or mathematical equations calculated therefrom, in particular constants calculated. In particular, the procedure is such that groups of accumulator cells are formed on the basis of the constants, in that limits and/or limit values for the constants are and/or are specified, on the basis of which the groups are formed. For example, a group can be defined as rejects and/or groups of different qualities can be formed, for example different self-discharge and/or different temperature influences.

Alternatively and/or additionally, the accumulator cells, in particular of a group, can be arranged in accumulator batteries in such a way that the sum, an average value or another measure of the values derived from the voltage measurements of the accumulator cells of an accumulator battery, in particular constants, are as similar as possible and/or within one defined range, in particular as centrally as possible.

If, for example, there are 30 accumulator cells within a group, which are to be arranged into accumulator batteries each with three accumulator cells connected in parallel, this can be done, for example, in such a way that the mean value of one or more constants, for example the constant a calculated from the mean value of the constants a of all accumulator cells one Accumulator battery is as similar as possible for all accumulator batteries. This can be determined using known methods, in particular using a computer, and then implemented accordingly, in particular using robots.

However, other measures used to determine the arrangement are also conceivable, for example, a function from several constants of a battery cell can be specified and these can be determined for each of the battery cells and the arrangement can be carried out in such a way that the mean value of the measure of all battery cells one accumulator battery is as homogeneous as possible for all accumulator batteries. The measure can also be specified directly for the entire accumulator battery instead of a measure for each accumulator cell.

In particular, the transport receptacle is fire-retardant and/or meets the requirements of the UN3090/UN3091 and/or UN3480/UN3481 standards. As a result, the transport and/or the measurements can be carried out particularly reliably.

With particular advantage, the transport mount or at least one transport mount of the stack and/or set has an accumulator for the electrical supply of the transport mount, in particular for measurement and switching. Alternatively, the transport receptacle can be set up to draw current from one or more battery cells accommodated in the slots in order to carry out the switching and/or measurement.

The invention also makes it possible to check whether specified transport conditions, for example with regard to temperature and/or acceleration during transport, have been complied with and/or whether accumulator cells have possibly been damaged by extreme conditions.

Advantageously, the transport receptacle has several rows of receptacles for accommodating the accumulator cells, with at least one AD converter being arranged, in particular in each case, between two rows and with in particular a line arrangement around the two rows arranged adjacent to an AD converter on both sides, in particular circumferentially formed for joint contacting of one pole of each of the accumulator cells accommodated in the receptacles of the two rows arranged adjacent to the AD converter on both sides, and this line arrangement is connected and/or connectable to an input of the AD converter arranged between the two rows.

This enables a simple arrangement and a cost-saving design and comparatively short line paths. In particular, the transport receptacle is designed such that one pole of each of the cells accommodated in two adjacent rows is electrically interconnected and/or designed such that one contact of each of the slots arranged in two adjacent rows is electrically interconnected.

In particular, a row has a number of slots in the range from five to 20, in particular from eight to 15. Each slot has in particular two, in particular exposed contacts, in particular contact lugs, for contacting the poles of an accumulator cell that has been accommodated.

The transport receptacle preferably has at least one means for measuring the temperature. Advantageously, it comprises means for measuring the temperature at several points, in particular at one point per one or two slot(s), in particular in the immediate vicinity of the slot(s), in particular at a distance of less than 15 mm, in particular less than 5 mm, from each of the recorded accumulator cells. In this way, the influence of the temperature can be determined, in particular with temperature measurements for each individual cell recorded or for each pair of cells recorded in adjacent slots. In particular, the means for temperature measurement are set up, a temperature with an accuracy of at least 0.5°C, in particular at least 0.1°C, in particular in and/or over the range from -10 to +40°C.

In particular, the transport mount is set up to determine the temperature using the same analog/digital converter that is also used for cell voltage measurements.

The transport receptacle or at least one transport receptacle of the set or stack is particularly advantageously set up to transmit the measured individual cell voltages to a storage and/or transmission device and/or to make them available. In this way, they can easily be used for further steps and/or evaluations. A data memory can be provided for storage. Means for wireless or wired communication, for example WLAN, Bluetooth, mobile radio, LoRa or LAN interfaces, but also RFID modules or other means of communication can be included for transmission.

With particular advantage, the transport receptacle, in particular the transport receptacles of the set each, have at least one means for identifying the transport receptacle and/or each individual slot. Such means can, for example, by one or more barcodes and/or QR code and/or other optically visible markings and/or RFID chips and/or the electrical contacts and a unit electrically connected to these, which can output an ID via the electrical contacts, be given. To identify each individual slot, it may be sufficient to mark the alignment of the transport receptacle and to design the transport receptacle in an identifiable manner. By means of identification, it is easily possible to assign the measured values to a slot and thus to a cell contained therein. For this purpose, the measured values of the cells are stored in a database in particular.

The transport receptacle, in particular the transport receptacles of the set or stack, each have means for interlocking two transport receptacles stacked on top of one another and/or means for electrically connecting two transport receptacles stacked on top of one another. In particular, a majority of the trays of a set have such means on its top and bottom that it is suitable to be stacked on top of and/or under another tray and an interlocking and/or electrical to effect contact by stacking. Alternatively, the transport receptacles can also be set up to communicate wirelessly with one another.

A set and/or stack particularly advantageously contains at least one transport receptacle with and a plurality of transport receptacles without a communication unit, at least one transport receptacle with and a plurality of transport receptacles without a storage unit and/or at least one transport receptacle with and a plurality of transport receptacles without a power supply unit.

The connection through the electrical contact allows measured values and/or control commands to be transmitted in a simple manner. In particular, the means for contacting are set up such that contacting forms a bus line between the stacked transport receptacles and the transport receptacles are set up in particular to use this bus line or the electrical connection as a bus line and/or for data transmission.

This allows a functional system to be created particularly easily and inexpensively. For example, a communication unit, a storage unit and/or a power supply unit can be contained in each stack of transport receptacles.

The determined self-discharges and/or the determined temperature influences and/or the determined influences of acceleration on the individual cell voltages are used with particular advantage to determine the grouping and/or the sorting of the plurality of accumulator cells. As a result, qualities that are as homogeneous as possible and/or different quality levels of accumulator batteries can be produced.

Advantageously, the accumulator cells are placed in and/or removed from the transport receptacle in an automated manner, e.g. by a robot arm.

• 1 eine Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Transportaufnahme mit mit 18650 Zellen gefüllten Slots,
• 2 eine Ansicht eines Ausschnitts der erfindungsgemäßen Transportaufnahme aus 1 mit teilweise mit 18650 Zellen gefüllten Slots,
• 3 ein Blockschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.

A possible embodiment of the invention is to be explained below purely schematically and not restrictively with reference to the following figures. show:

• 1 a view of a transport receptacle according to the invention with slots filled with 18650 cells,
• 2 a view of a section of the transport receptacle according to the invention 1 with slots partially filled with 18650 cells,
• 3 a block diagram of a device according to the invention.

1 shows a transport receptacle 4 according to the invention with six rows, each with ten slots. All slots each have two contact tabs for contacting the 18650 cell 1 accommodated in the slot. One contact lug of each slot is connected to a common ground line 3 . A circuit board 2 is arranged between each two rows. The contact tab of each slot that is not connected to the ground line is connected to one of the three circuit boards 2. The circuit boards have at least one AD converter and a circuit arrangement with which the AD converter is connected to the ground line and can be sequentially connected to each of the contact lugs not connected to the ground line of the respective one row of slots adjacent on each side. In this way, the AD converter can be used to determine the individual cell voltage of each of the 18650 cells recorded in the slots adjacent to the circuit board 2 on which it is accommodated. This can be done repeatedly.

Furthermore, a thermocouple is arranged on each circuit board, with which the temperature can be measured together with the AD converter of the circuit board.

2 shows a section of the transport receptacle 4 1 , where two of the slots shown have no cells. As a result, the contact tabs 5 of the two slots connected to the circuit board and the clamping means for clamping the accommodated 18650 cell can be seen better. This is fixed in position by this and by the contact tabs.

3 shows a block diagram of a device according to the invention. A large number of lithium-ion accumulator cells 16 can be seen. These can be connected individually to the interconnected via the measuring channel coupling or multiplexing 14, which forms the line and switching arrangement together with the cabling to the accumulator cells 16 and the galvanic isolation 13 galvanic separation 13 with the measuring device (AD converter) 12 are connected. In addition, there is a power supply 10 and a memory and communication device, for example a data memory and/or a radio module. In addition, a system controller 15 is provided for controlling the various components.

The transport mount of the figures has a circuit as in 3 shown on, with measuring device (AD converter) 12, galvanic isolation 13 and measuring channel coupling/multiplexing 14 being provided on each of the circuit boards and each circuit board having a corresponding arrangement of lithium ion accumulator cells 16 in rows to the left and right of the circuit board and with the ground line of all Lithium ion battery cells 16 is formed together.

Reference List

1

18650 type battery cell

2

circuit board

3

ground wire

4

transport recording

5

contact tab

6

clamp nose

7

slot

10

power supply

11

storage and communication unit

12

Measuring device (AD converter)

13

Galvanic isolation

14

Measuring channel coupling/multiplexing

15

control panel

16

Lithium-ion battery cell

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• KR 20150081731 A [0007]

Claims (10)

Transport mount (4) for accommodating a plurality of, in particular separate, accumulator cells (1, 16), in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical connections and/or round cells, in particular of the 18650 type, the transport mount being set up, the majority of the accumulator cells in such a way that they are stationarily accommodated for transport, in particular by means of clamps, in particular each of the plurality of accumulator cells, and in particular in the accommodated state all of the accumulator cells are electrically connected to both poles with electrically conductive elements of the transport receptacle, with the transport receptacle having at least one AD Converter (12) and has a line and switching arrangement (2, 3, 5, 14), characterized in that the line and switching arrangement is set up to contact each of the accumulator cells at the plus and minus pole and is set up , the at least one AD converter wahlwe ise to be connected individually to each of the accommodated cells in such a way that the AD converter is supplied with a voltage that correlates to the individual cell voltage of the individual accumulator cell, with the transport accommodation being set up to control the line and switching arrangement and the at least one AD converter in such a way that the at least an AD converter, in particular repeatedly and/or successively, measures the individual cell voltage of each of the accumulators. Transport recording after claim 1 , wherein the transport receptacle has several rows of receptacles for accommodating the accumulator cells and wherein, in particular, at least one AD converter is arranged between each two rows and wherein in particular a line arrangement ( 3) for joint contacting of one pole of each of the accumulator cells accommodated in the receptacles of the two rows arranged adjacent to the AD converter on both sides, and this line arrangement being connected and/or connectable to an input of the AD converter arranged between the two rows. Transport receptacle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transport receptacle has at least one means for temperature measurement. Transport mount according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transport mount is set up to transmit the measured individual cell voltages to a storage and/or transmission device (11) and/or to make them available. Method for determining the self-discharge and/or the influence of temperature and/or the influence of acceleration on the individual cell voltage of a plurality of accumulator cells, in particular separate accumulator cells, in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical connections and/or round cells, in particular of the type 18650, with a plurality of individual cell voltages of each of the accumulator cells being determined during transport by road, water and/or air. procedure after claim 5 , wherein the determined self-discharges and/or the determined temperature influences and/or the determined influences of acceleration on the individual cell voltages are used to determine the grouping and/or the sorting of the plurality of accumulator cells. Use of the time of the joint transport of a plurality of accumulators, in particular separate accumulator cells, in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical connections and/or round cells, in particular of the 18650 type, on the road, the water and/or the air to Determination of the self-discharge and/or the influence of temperature and/or the influence of acceleration on the individual cell voltages during transport. use after claim 7 , wherein the determined self-discharges and/or the determined temperature influences and/or the determined influences of acceleration on the individual cell voltages are used to determine the grouping and/or the sorting of the plurality of accumulator cells. Use of the voltage series of the individual cell voltages of a plurality of accumulator cells, in particular separate, accumulator cells, in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical cells, obtained during transport by road, water and/or air Connections and/or round cells, in particular of the 18650 type, over the period of transport to determine the grouping and/or sorting of the plurality of accumulator cells. A method for producing a plurality of accumulator batteries, the accumulator cells of each accumulator battery being electrically connected in parallel with one another, comprising a. Production of a plurality of accumulator cells, in particular separate accumulator cells, in particular with exposed poles and/or exposed electrical connections and/or round cells, in particular of the 18650 type, b. Transporting the plurality of battery cells c. Production of the plurality of accumulator batteries from the plurality of transported accumulator cells, characterized in that during the transport a plurality of individual cell voltage values of each of the plurality of accumulator cells is determined and the arrangement and/or selection of the plurality of accumulator cells to form the plurality of accumulator batteries on the basis of the plurality from measured voltage values.

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