DE102021103629A1 - battery module and battery cell - Google Patents

Abstract

Battery module (1), at least comprising a module housing (2) and arranged therein at least one plurality of battery cells (3); each of the battery cells (3) having an elastically deformable, gas-tight cell housing (4) and arranged therein at least one stack (5) of electrode foils (6, 7) arranged one on top of the other; wherein the at least one stack (5) has a main direction of extension (8), depending on operation or aging, in which the at least one stack (5) shows a greatest change in an extent (9) of the at least one stack (5) during operation of the battery cell (3); wherein the battery cells (3) are arranged stacked on top of one another along the main direction of extension (8); At least one first expansion compensation element (10) is arranged inside the cell housing (4) and at least partially compensates for the change in the extent (9) of the stack (5) in the main direction of expansion (8).
Battery cell (3), at least having an elastically deformable, gas-tight cell housing (4) and arranged therein at least one stack (5) of electrode foils (6, 7) arranged one on top of the other.

Description

The invention relates to a battery module, at least comprising a module housing and at least one plurality of battery cells arranged therein, each of the battery cells having an elastically deformable, gas-tight cell housing and arranged therein at least one stack of electrode foils arranged one on top of the other. The invention also relates to a battery cell, at least having an elastically deformable, gas-tight cell housing and arranged therein at least one stack of electrode foils arranged one on top of the other. The battery module has in particular a plurality of the battery cells described.

A battery cell is an electricity storage device that B. is used in a motor vehicle for storing electrical energy. In particular, z. B. a motor vehicle has an electric machine for driving the motor vehicle, wherein the electric machine can be driven by the electrical energy stored in the battery cell. In a battery cell, electrode foils, ie anodes and cathodes, are arranged stacked on top of one another, with different electrode foils being arranged separated from one another by separator foils or a separator material. The electrode foils are arranged in an electrolyte.

There are e.g. B. battery cells with liquid or solid electrolytes (solid battery) are known.

A battery module includes, in particular, a plurality of battery cells which are electrically connected to one another in series or in parallel and are arranged in a module housing. Individual battery modules can also be electrically connected to one another in series or in parallel. A battery includes a battery module or a plurality of battery modules.

The battery cells of a battery change their volume during a charging and discharging process and/or as a result of aging over the service life. As a lithium-ion cell (prismatic, pouch or round cell) ages, the thickness within the battery cell increases due to cyclization. This growth in thickness occurs to an increased extent along the normal vector to the battery cell, i.e. transversely to the plane of the electrode foils (also referred to below as the main direction of expansion). In addition, there are changes in length, which, however, are significantly smaller and can therefore be ignored. The operating characteristics of lithium-ion pouch cells, for example, depend heavily on the external conditions due to their low mechanical stability. The external pressure on the cells is a decisive factor for the performance, service life and structural stability of a battery or a battery module of a battery.

Each battery cell has a specific volume depending on the energy content stored in it, which ranges between a low volume for a low energy content or low SOC (state-of-charge; i.e. state of charge) and a volume for a high energy content or .high SOC, large volume changed. The change in volume takes place in particular essentially in the area of the at least one anode of the cells. The anode, e.g. B. consisting of graphite or a metal, or in a lithium-ion battery of metallic lithium, changed their volume by the deposition of pure metallic lithium.

The problem of the increase in thickness is additionally intensified by new cell technologies such as the solid-state battery. With this cell technology, significant changes in volume or translational growth occur, in particular as a result of the change in volume of the anode. When the battery cell is discharged, there is a very small amount of lithium on the anode and when it is charged, there is a very large amount of lithium. With certain anode materials, the difference in quantity can be up to a 100% change in volume between the charged and discharged state. In order to also maintain the boundary layers, or the contact surfaces, of the individual layers within the battery cell, they must be permanently mechanically braced.

The technical problem is therefore to enable the battery cell to be mechanically braced and at the same time to ensure translational compensation. A strained at any time arrangement of the battery cells in a module housing is preferred to z. B. to prevent mechanical damage to the battery cells or the electrical connections by a relative movement relative to the module housing. However, care must be taken here that the preload does not exceed a limit value. If the translational balance is not created, there will be deficits in cell performance and, in the worst case, the battery cell will fail.

The change in volume that occurs during operation of a battery is to be balanced out or compensated for in particular. The use of pressure mats between the battery cells or the bracing of the battery cells in the battery modules of a battery using spring elements or by screwing the end plates of the battery modules is known for this.

With today's battery cells, which show a very small change in thickness during individual charging cycles and swelling of at most approx. 5% over aging, pressure mats (so-called gap pads) are placed between the battery cells in the battery module. The cells are usually initially braced with a small amount of pressure and thus held in position. The pressure mats and the module housing absorb the thickness change of 5% and generate a stronger pressure than the initial bracing pressure. Cell housings of pouch and hard case battery cells can withstand this small change in thickness and pressure.

When charging and discharging a battery cell with solid-state technology (i.e. solid-state battery) and Li-metal anode, a change in thickness in the range of regularly up to 20% or even more can be observed. This change in thickness requires a new design of the cell housing and the battery module. The cell case must accommodate the change in extension of the stack of electrode foils and the battery module the sum of the change in extensions. In addition to a new housing design, this requires modified bracing, additional space and modified connections for the battery cell in the battery module. All of these characteristics of a battery module that need to be changed must be able to withstand and keep up with the displacements of the individual components caused by the "breathing" of the battery cell.

The known pressure mats can only partially absorb this magnitude of the change in thickness. Another problem is that the module housing cannot withstand this strong stroke in the main direction of expansion (the thickness) for the high number of cycles, and this results in damage.

The expenditure on equipment to compensate for the change in volume can be very expensive and error-prone.

From the DE 698 39 213 T2 an arrangement for thermal management of a solid energy storage device is known. A change in the length of the battery cells depending on their state of charge is compensated for by a spring device between the housing and the battery cells.

From the DE 10 2016 206 671 A1 a length expansion monitoring for determining the aging of a battery cell or a battery module is known. In this case, a sensor is used, the z. B. detects the deformation of a spring element, which is arranged to compensate for the state of charge-dependent change in length of a battery cell stack between a housing and the battery cells.

the DE 10 2018 212 450 A1 is aimed at a battery cell with a dimensionally stable housing. A spring can be arranged inside the housing as a compensating device for compensating for a change in size of the stack arranged in the housing.

The object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems cited with reference to the prior art. In particular, a battery module and a battery cell are to be proposed which enable the volume change to be compensated for and at the same time ensure that damage to the battery module or the battery cell is prevented. It should also be possible to reliably compensate for large changes in volume. Costs and installation effort are to be kept as low as possible.

A battery module with the features according to patent claim 1 and a battery cell according to patent claim 6 contribute to the solution of these tasks. Advantageous developments are the subject matter of the dependent patent claims. The features listed individually in the patent claims can be combined with one another in a technologically meaningful manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description and/or details from the figures, with further embodiment variants of the invention being shown.

A battery module is proposed, at least comprising a module housing and arranged therein at least a plurality of battery cells, in particular exclusively identical battery cells. Each of the battery cells has, in particular, an elastically deformable, gas-tight cell housing and, arranged therein, at least one stack of electrode foils arranged one on top of the other. Depending on operation or aging, the at least one stack has a main direction of extension, in which the at least one stack has a greatest change in an extension of the at least one stack during operation of the battery cell. The battery cells are stacked on top of one another along the main direction of extension. At least one first expansion compensation element is arranged inside the cell housing, which at least partially compensates for the change in the extension of the stack in the main direction of expansion.

Depending on operation or aging, a stack of electrode foils has a main direction of expansion, in which an expansion of the stack is comparatively greater occurs as an extension in the other directions. The expansion in the main direction of expansion is responsible in particular for the largest proportion of the change in the volume of the stack or the battery cell or the cell housing, which increases in size as a result.

Each stack has z. B. depending on the energy content stored in it, a certain volume, which ranges between a low volume with a low energy content or low SOC (state-of-charge; i.e. state of charge) and a low volume with a high energy content or high SOC, large volume changes. The change in volume takes place in particular essentially in the area of the at least one anode of the stack. The anode, e.g. B. consisting of graphite or a metal, or in the case of a lithium-ion battery cell of metallic lithium, changes its volume through the intercalation of the lithium ions or the deposition of pure metallic lithium.

The anode is designed in particular as a flat electrode film and extends with the largest area transverse to the main direction of extension. The change in volume essentially affects the main direction of expansion, i. H. the degree of thickness of the anode varies depending on the anode material.

In particular, electrode foils, ie anodes and cathodes, are stacked one on top of the other in each battery cell, with different electrode foils being arranged separated from one another by separator foils or a separator material. The separator material can also be designed as a solid electrolyte. The electrode foils are arranged in an electrolyte. Electrical connections are routed from the battery cell to the outside of the battery cell via the cell housing.

A stack comprises at least an anode, a cathode and a separator arranged therebetween. The stack may contain multiple of these components or multiple of these stacks may be contained within the battery cell. The multiple components or stacks can be connected in series or in parallel with one another.

The module housing is in particular designed to be dimensionally stable and is therefore not or only slightly deformable when the battery module is used as intended, in particular not sufficiently to compensate for the change in the extension.

In particular, the respective cell housing is not a dimensionally stable hard case but a deformable housing, e.g. B. in the manner of a pouch film, ie a deformable composite film. A pouch film is a well-known deformable housing part that is used as a housing for so-called pouch cells. It is a composite material, e.g. B. comprising a plastic and aluminum.

Deformable here means in particular that the shape of the housing can change or that the shape of the housing adapts to the shape of the components arranged therein. The volume within the housing does not necessarily change in the process. In particular, no housing shape is specified by the deformable housing, but only a limited variable volume, z. B. by not more than 5%, preferably by not more than 2%, particularly preferably by not more than 1%. With a hard case, the shape of the case would not change, even locally.

In particular, the cell housing is elastically deformable.

With the deformability of the cell housing, a gas-tight seal of the battery cell can remain guaranteed even if the shape and/or the volume of the battery cell changes.

In particular, a first expansion compensation element is arranged inside the cell housing, via which the change in the at least one stack can be at least partially or completely compensated. A change in the thickness of the at least one stack can thus be at least partially compensated for within a cell housing. When a plurality of such battery cells are arranged within a battery housing, a position of the battery cell within the module housing will not change significantly despite the change in extent. Furthermore, battery cells can be arranged more easily in a module housing, since the change in extent can already be compensated for by the battery cells themselves and further (second) expansion compensation elements (arranged outside the battery cells) are not required.

In particular, the expansion compensation element can be formed by an energy storage element, e.g. B. a spring. The deformation of the energy storage element enables the storage of the deformation energy, which can be released again through the rebound.

In particular, the expansion compensation element is a leaf spring. A leaf spring is based in particular on two ends of a component such. B. the cell housing, and arranged between the ends of a region relative to the one component movable other component, z. B. the stack from. However, the expansion compensation element can also be designed as a different type of spring, e.g. B. as a spiral spring, as a tension spring, as a compression spring, etc.

In order to support the expansion compensation element in relation to the cell housing and/or in relation to the stack, a supporting plate, in particular a dimensionally stable one, can be provided. The area over which the cell housing and/or the stack is connected to the expansion compensation element for force transmission, ie for mutual support, can be enlarged via the support plate.

In particular, the cell housing is designed so that it does not deform significantly during operation of the battery cell, ie during charging and discharging, even without external support, since the change in the extent of the at least one stack within the cell housing is compensated.

In particular, the cell housing is designed in such a way that it deforms during operation of the battery cell, ie during charging and discharging and without external support. This deformation can be compensated or absorbed by the arrangement of several battery cells in the module housing by the module housing or by at least one second expansion compensation element that is arranged outside the cell housing but inside the module housing. In particular, the cell housings can be arranged relative to one another in such a way that the cell housings are supported against one another and thus prevent the shape of the cell housings from changing.

In particular, the battery cells are solid-state batteries, the electrode foils and an electrolyte present in the battery cells each consisting of solid material and the maximum change in the extension of each battery cell is at least 10%, preferably at least 15%, particularly preferably at least 20%.

In particular, the cell housings (arranged adjacent to one another) make direct contact with at least some of the battery cells stacked on top of one another, preferably all of the battery cells.

In particular, a second expansion compensation element is arranged between the cell housing and at least some of the battery cells stacked on top of one another.

In particular, the expansion compensation elements, preferably only the first expansion compensation elements, compensate the change in the extents of the stacks of the plurality of battery cells by at least 90%, preferably by at least 95%.

In particular, several battery cells or stacks of battery cells can also be arranged next to one another in the battery housing.

The statements regarding the first expansion compensation element also apply in particular to the second expansion compensation element. However, the second expansion compensation element can also be designed as a pressure mat.

A battery cell is also proposed, at least having a deformable, gas-tight cell housing and arranged therein at least one stack of electrode foils arranged one on top of the other. Depending on operation or aging, the at least one stack has a main direction of extension, in which the at least one stack has a greatest change in an extension of the at least one stack during operation of the battery cell. At least one first expansion compensation element is arranged inside the cell housing, which at least partially compensates for the change in the extension of the stack in the main direction of expansion.

The statements on the battery module apply in particular in the same way to the battery cell and vice versa.

The battery cell can be used in the battery module described or is arranged therein.

In particular, the at least one first expansion compensation element is arranged between the at least one stack and the cell housing.

In particular, at least one first expansion compensation element is arranged between each cell housing side pointing in the main direction of expansion and the at least one stack.

In particular, the battery cell has a plurality of stacks stacked on top of one another along the main direction of expansion, a first expansion compensation element being arranged at least between two stacks arranged adjacent to one another. However, the at least one expansion compensation element can also be arranged within a stack.

In particular, the first expansion compensation element comprises an elastically deformable spring element.

In particular, the battery module is used in a motor vehicle, in particular to provide electrical energy for a traction drive.

The use of indefinite articles (“a”, “an”, “an” and “an”), particularly in the claims and the description reflecting them, is to be understood as such and not as a numeral. Correspondingly introduced terms or components are to be understood in such a way that they are present at least once and in particular can also be present several times.

As a precaution, it should be noted that the numerals used here (“first”, “second”, ...) primarily (only) serve to distinguish between several similar objects, sizes or processes, i.e. in particular no dependency and/or sequence of these objects, sizes or make processes mandatory for each other. Should a dependency and/or order be necessary, this is explicitly stated here or it is obvious to the person skilled in the art when studying the specifically described embodiment. If a component can occur several times (“at least one”), the description of one of these components can apply equally to all or part of the majority of these components, but this is not mandatory.

• 1: eine bekannte Batteriezelle in ungeladenem Zustand in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt;
• 2: die Batteriezelle nach 1 in geladenem Zustand in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt;
• 3: eine Batteriezelle nach einer ersten Ausführungsvariante in ungeladenem Zustand in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt;
• 4: die Batteriezelle nach 3 in geladenem Zustand in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt;
• 5: eine Batteriezelle nach einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante in ungeladenem Zustand in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt;
• 6: eine Batteriezelle nach einer dritten Ausführungsvariante in ungeladenem Zustand in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt;
• 7: eine Batteriezelle nach einer vierten Ausführungsvariante in ungeladenem Zustand in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt; und
• 8: ein Batteriemodul in einer Seitenansicht im Schnitt.

The invention and the technical environment are explained in more detail below with reference to the attached figures. It should be pointed out that the invention should not be limited by the exemplary embodiments given. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it is also possible to extract partial aspects of the facts explained in the figures and to combine them with other components and findings from the present description. In particular, it should be pointed out that the figures and in particular the proportions shown are only schematic. Show it:

• 1 : a known battery cell in the uncharged state in a side view in section;
• 2 : the battery cell after 1 in the loaded state in a side view in section;
• 3 1: a battery cell according to a first embodiment variant in the uncharged state in a side view in section;
• 4 : the battery cell after 3 in the loaded state in a side view in section;
• 5 1: a battery cell according to a second embodiment variant in the uncharged state in a side view in section;
• 6 1: a battery cell according to a third embodiment variant in the uncharged state in a side view in section;
• 7 1: a battery cell according to a fourth embodiment variant in the uncharged state in a side view in section; and
• 8th : a battery module in a side view in section.

the 1 shows a known battery cell 3 in the uncharged state in a sectional side view. 2 shows the battery cell 3 1 in loaded condition in a side view in section. the 1 and 2 are described together below.

The battery cell 3 has a deformable, gas-tight cell housing 4 and arranged therein a stack 5 of electrode foils 6, 7 arranged one on top of the other. Depending on operation or aging, the stack 5 has a main extension direction 8 in which the stack 5 has the greatest change in an extension 9 of the stack 5 when the battery cell 3 is in operation. The cell housing 4 changes the shape and volume to compensate for the change in the extension 9 of the stack 5 depending on the state of charge of the battery cell 3.

3 shows a battery cell 3 according to a first embodiment variant in the uncharged state in a sectional side view. 4 shows the battery cell 3 3 in loaded condition in a side view in section. the 3 and 4 are described together below.

The battery cell 3 has a deformable, gas-tight cell housing 4 and arranged therein a stack 5 of electrode foils 6, 7 arranged one on top of the other Extension 9 of the stack 5 in operation of the battery cell 3 has. The cell housing 4 changes neither the shape nor the volume to compensate for the change in the extension 9 of the stack 5 depending on the state of charge of the battery cell 3.

Depending on operation or aging, the stack 5 has a main direction of expansion 8, in which an expansion of the stack 5 occurs comparatively more than an expansion in the other directions. The expansion in the main direction of expansion 8 is particularly for responsible for the largest proportion of the change in the volume of the stack 5.

In the battery cell 3 , first electrode foils 6 , ie anodes, and second electrode foils 7 , ie cathodes, are stacked one on top of the other, different electrode foils 6 , 7 being separated by separator foils 14 . The separator material can be designed as a solid electrolyte. The electrode foils 6 , 7 are arranged in an electrolyte 11 . Electrical connections (not shown) are routed in a known manner from the battery cell 3 to the outside of the battery cell 3 via the cell housing 4 .

Two first expansion compensation elements 10 are arranged inside the cell housing 3, via which the change in the extent 9 of the stack 5 can be completely compensated for. Both first expansion compensation elements 10 are arranged between the stack 5 and the cell housing 3 . A first expansion compensation element 10 is thus arranged between each cell housing side 13 pointing in the main direction of expansion 8 and the stack 5 .

A change in the thickness of the stack 5 can thus be compensated for within a cell housing 3 . The first expansion compensation elements 10 are each formed by an energy storage element designed as a leaf spring. Each leaf spring is supported at two ends on a support plate 15 and via the support plate 15 on the cell housing 4, and via a region arranged between the ends on the stack 5 movable relative to the cell housing 4 or on a support plate 15 arranged on the stack 5 . The area over which the cell housing 4 and the stack 5 are connected to the first expansion compensation element 10 for force transmission, ie for mutual support, can be increased via the support plate 15 .

The cell housing 3 is designed so that it does not deform significantly during operation of the battery cell 3, i.e. during charging and discharging, even without external support, since the change in the extension 9 of the at least one stack 5 within the cell housing 3 is compensated.

5 shows a battery cell 3 according to a second embodiment variant in the uncharged state in a sectional side view. To the remarks 3 and 4 is referenced. Here, each first expansion compensation element 10 is formed by two leaf springs. Each leaf spring is supported at two ends on the ends of the other leaf spring. One leaf spring is supported on the cell housing 4 via an area arranged between the ends, and the other leaf spring is supported on the stack 5, which is movable relative to the cell housing 4, via an area arranged between the ends.

6 shows a battery cell 3 according to a third embodiment variant in the uncharged state in a sectional side view. To the remarks 3 until 5 is referenced. Here each first expansion compensation element 10 is formed by a plurality of spiral springs which are arranged between two support plates 15 in each case.

7 shows a battery cell 3 according to a fourth embodiment variant in the uncharged state in a sectional side view. To the remarks 3 until 6 is referenced. Here, each first expansion compensation element 10 is formed by a zigzag-shaped spring, with the end sections of the spring each forming a support plate 15 .

8th shows a battery module 1 in a side view in section. The battery module 1 comprises three battery cells 3 according to the first embodiment 3 and 4 . To the remarks 3 and 4 is referenced.

The battery module 1 comprises a module housing 2 and three exclusively identical battery cells 3 arranged therein. Each of the battery cells 3 has a deformable, gas-tight cell housing 4 and arranged therein a stack 5 of electrode foils 6, 7 arranged one on top of the other. Depending on operation or aging, the stack 5 has a main extension direction 8 in which the stack 5 has the greatest change in an extension 9 of the stack 5 when the battery cell 3 is in operation. The battery cells 3 are arranged stacked on top of one another along the main direction of extension 8 . Inside the cell housing 4 there are two first expansion compensation elements 10 which compensate for the change in the extent 9 of the stack 5 in the main direction of expansion 8 .

The cell housings 4 are designed in such a way that they would deform during operation of the battery cells 3, ie during charging and discharging and without external support. This deformation is compensated for or absorbed by the arrangement of a plurality of battery cells 3 in the module housing 2 by the module housing 2 or by the one second expansion compensation element 12 which is arranged outside the cell housing 4 but within the module housing 2 . The cell housing 3 are arranged to each other that the cell housing 3 are supported against each other and so a Prevent the shape of the cell case 3 from changing. This means that neither the shape nor the volume of the cell housing 3 changes to compensate for the change in the extension 9 of the stack 5 depending on the state of charge of the battery cells 3.

The mutually adjacent cell housing 3 of the stacked battery cells 3 contact each other directly.

The second expansion compensation element 12 is designed as a pressure mat.

The module housing 2 is designed to be dimensionally stable and is therefore not or only slightly deformable when the battery module 1 is used as intended, in particular not sufficiently to compensate for the change in the extension 9 .

The respective cell housing 4 is not a dimensionally stable hard case but a deformable housing in the manner of a pouch film, ie a deformable composite film.

Reference List

1

battery module

2

module housing

3

battery cell

4

cell housing

5

stack

6

first electrode foil

7

second electrode foil

8th

main direction of expansion

9

extent

10

first expansion compensation element

11

electrolyte

12

second expansion compensation element

13

cell housing side

14

separator film

15

support plate

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 69839213 T2 [0014]
• DE 102016206671 A1 [0015]
• DE 102018212450 A1 [0016]

Claims (10)

Battery module (1), at least comprising a module housing (2) and arranged therein at least a plurality of battery cells (3); each of the battery cells (3) having a deformable, gas-tight cell housing (4) and arranged therein at least one stack (5) of electrode foils (6, 7) arranged one on top of the other; wherein the at least one stack (5) has a main direction of extension (8), depending on operation or aging, in which the at least one stack (5) shows a greatest change in an extent (9) of the at least one stack (5) during operation of the battery cell (3); wherein the battery cells (3) are arranged stacked on top of one another along the main direction of extension (8); At least one first expansion compensation element (10) is arranged inside the cell housing (4) and at least partially compensates for the change in the extent (9) of the stack (5) in the main direction of expansion (8). Battery module (1) after Claim 1 , wherein the battery cells (3) are solid-state batteries, wherein the electrode foils (6, 7) and an electrolyte (11) present in the battery cells (3) each consist of solid material and the maximum change in the extension (9) of each battery cell (3) is at least 10%. Battery module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cell housing (4) of at least some of the battery cells (3) stacked on top of one another are in direct contact with one another. Battery module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a second expansion compensation element (12) is arranged between the cell housings (4) of at least some of the battery cells (3) stacked on top of one another. Battery module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the expansion compensation elements (10, 12) compensate for the change in the extents (9) of the stacks (5) of the plurality of battery cells (3) by at least 90%. Battery cell (3), at least having a deformable, gas-tight cell housing (4) and arranged therein at least one stack (5) of electrode foils (6, 7) arranged one on top of the other; wherein the at least one stack (5) has a main direction of extension (8), depending on operation or aging, in which the at least one stack (5) shows a greatest change in an extent (9) of the at least one stack (5) during operation of the battery cell (3); At least one first expansion compensation element (10) is arranged inside the cell housing (4) and at least partially compensates for the change in the extent (9) of the stack (5) in the main direction of expansion (8). Battery cell (3) after claim 6 , wherein the at least one first expansion compensation element (10) is arranged between the at least one stack (5) and the cell housing (4). Battery cell (3) according to any one of the preceding patent claims 6 and 7 , At least one first expansion compensation element (10) being arranged between each cell housing side (13) pointing in the main direction of expansion (8) and the at least one stack (5). Battery cell (3) according to any one of the preceding patent claims 6 until 8th wherein the battery cell (3) has a plurality of stacks (5) stacked on top of one another along the main direction of expansion (8), a first expansion compensation element (10) being arranged at least between two stacks (5). Battery cell (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first expansion compensation element (10) comprises an elastically deformable spring element.

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