DE102021101900B4 - Electrical machine and drive train for a hybrid or fully electrically driven motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Electrical machine (20), in particular for use within a drive train of a hybrid or fully electrically driven motor vehicle, comprising a stator (2) and a rotor (1) which is separated from the stator (2) by an air gap (22) and which are accommodated in a motor housing (21), the rotor (1) comprising a rotor body (3), and coaxially within the rotor body (3) a rotor shaft (5) being gearedly coupled to the rotor body (3) in a torque-transmitting manner, with a magnetic active element (4), in particular a permanent magnet or flux conducting piece, is arranged in the torque flow between the rotor body (3) and the rotor shaft (5), and a first gear (30) connects the rotor body (3) and the magnetic active element (4) and a second gear (32) connects the rotor shaft (5) to the magnetic active element (4), so that a movement path of the magnetic active element (4) relative to the rotor body (3) and/or the rotor shaft (5) is defined in such a way that the magnetic active element (4) rotatably and/or translationally, in particular in the axial direction and/or radial direction and/or circumferential direction, displaceable along the movement path between the rotor body (3) and the rotor shaft (5). characterized in that the first gear (30) is configured in such a way that the rotor body (3) has a first outer raceway (61) or a first inner raceway (6) and the first magnetic active element (4) has a first inner raceway (6 ) or a first outer raceway (61) complementary to the first inner raceway (6) for the rolling guidance of a first group of rolling elements (8) along a first movement path defined by the first outer raceway (61) and the first inner raceway (6), and the second transmission (32) is configured such that the rotor shaft (5) has a second inner raceway (7) or a second outer raceway (71) and the magnetic active element (4) has a second inner raceway (7) or a second outer raceway (71) and the magnetic active element (4) has a 7) has a complementary second outer raceway (71) or a second inner raceway (7) complementary to the second outer raceway (71) for the rolling guidance of a second group of rolling elements (9) along a second movement path defined by the second outer raceway (71) and the second inner raceway (7), the first movement path and the second movement path defining a movement path of the magnetic active element (4), and the first movement path and/or the second movement path deviate from the circular shape de form.

Description

The present invention relates to an electrical machine, in particular for use within a drive train of a hybrid or all-electric motor vehicle, comprising a stator and a rotor which is separated from the stator by an air gap and which are accommodated in a motor housing, the rotor comprising a rotor body, and coaxially within the rotor body, a rotor shaft is torque-transmittingly coupled to the rotor body. The invention also relates to a drive train for a hybrid or fully electrically driven motor vehicle.

During operation, electrical machines are subject to losses due to reversal of magnetization and eddy currents, which are summarized as iron losses and reduce the machine's efficiency. In mobile applications, particularly when using electric machines within a drive train of a hybrid or all-electric motor vehicle, a low degree of efficiency of the electric machine means a shorter range for the vehicle or an increased need for battery capacity. It is therefore a constant goal, especially in mobile applications with a hybrid or purely electric drive, to minimize the iron losses described.

The so-called permanently excited synchronous machine is an example of such an electrical machine, which can be used within a drive train of a hybrid or fully electrically driven motor vehicle. Due to its high power density compared to other machine types, it is preferably used in the field of electromobility, where the available space is often a limiting factor. The excitation field of the machine is usually generated by permanent magnets that are arranged in the rotor of the machine. A slip ring contact, which is necessary for electrically excited synchronous machines in order to supply current to an excitation coil arranged on the rotor, can be dispensed with in the case of the permanently excited synchronous machine.

However, a disadvantage of permanent excitation is that the excitation field cannot be easily modified. In principle, a synchronous machine can be operated beyond its nominal speed by controlling the so-called field weakening range. In this range, the machine is operated with the maximum rated power, with the torque delivered by the machine being reduced as the speed increases. Electrically excited synchronous machines can be operated very easily in the field weakening range by reducing the excitation current. Possibilities are also known in permanently excited machines for generating an air-gap field component via a suitable energization of the stator of the machine, which counteracts the excitation field generated by the permanent magnets and thus weakens it. However, driving the machine in this way causes increased losses, so that the machine can only be operated with reduced efficiency in this area.

Methods for mechanical field weakening are known from the prior art in order to be able to operate permanently excited dynamoelectric machines in the field weakening range without significantly reducing the efficiency of the machine. This is how it shows CN 101783536A a permanently excited synchronous motor with buried permanent magnets magnetized in the tangential direction, each of which is followed by a radially displaceable short-circuit block when viewed radially outwards. This short-circuit block is preloaded by a spring in such a way that it is located in a magnetically isolating area of the rotor when the rotor speed is low. As the speed increases, the shorting block is pushed outward against the spring tension, where it forms a shorting path for the magnetic flux. The magnetic leakage flux conducted via this short-circuit path reduces the effective air-gap flux of the machine, so that field-weakening operation is activated.

From the U.S. 2013/0 187 504 A1 as well as from the JP 2007 - 244 023 A electrical machines are known in which a flux-conducting piece is arranged so as to be displaceable in the axial direction by means of a gear, as a result of which the magnetic field can be varied.

From the DE 10 2009 038 928 A1 an electric motor with a stator, a rotor and an air gap formed between the stator and the rotor is also known. The size of the air gap is variable as a function of the speed of the electric motor, the air gap being enlarged at higher speeds of the rotor. The air gap is enlarged by axial displacement of the rotor or stator.

For other alternatives to vary the magnetic field, see the DE 10 2018 133 722 A1 as well as the DE 10 2018 133 578 A1 referred.

The object of the invention is to provide an electrical machine which is optimized with regard to a torque-dependent amplification of the magnetic field. Furthermore, the object of the invention is a drive train for a provide an electric motor drivable motor vehicle, in which the electric drive machine is improved with regard to the torque-dependent amplification of the magnetic field. In particular, an electrical machine such as a permanently excited radial flux machine is to be created with an operating behavior that is optimized in operating phases with different torques.

This object is achieved by an electric machine, in particular for use within a drive train of a hybrid or all-electric motor vehicle, comprising a stator and a rotor separated from the stator by an air gap, which are accommodated in a motor housing, the rotor comprising a rotor body , and coaxially within the rotor body a rotor shaft is gearedly coupled to the rotor body in a torque-transmitting manner, with a magnetic active element, in particular a permanent magnet or flux conducting piece, being arranged in the torque flux between the rotor body and the rotor shaft, and a first gear mechanism connecting the rotor body and the magnetic active element as well as a second gear connects the rotor shaft to the magnetic active element, so that a movement path of the magnetic active element is defined relative to the rotor body and/or the rotor shaft in such a way that the magnetic active element can rotate and/or translate, in particular in the axial direction and/or radial direction and/or is mounted displaceably in the circumferential direction along the path of movement between the rotor body and the rotor shaft.

This has the advantage that an electric machine can be realized with a purely mechanical field weakening device, which reliably and cost-effectively adjusts the positions of permanent magnets or flux conducting pieces within the rotor required for field weakening as required, depending on the operating states of torque and speed. In principle, the invention thus also avoids the need for actuators that intervene on or in the rotor from the outside.

The movement path of the magnetic active element preferably has a shape that deviates from a circular path. In particular, the magnetic active element can be rotated and/or translated for this purpose, in particular in the axial direction and/or radial direction and/or circumferential direction.

First, the individual elements of the claimed subject matter of the invention are explained in the order in which they are mentioned in the set of claims, and particularly preferred configurations of the subject matter of the invention are described below.

The electrical machine can be designed in particular as a rotary machine. In the case of electrical machines designed as rotary machines, a distinction is made in particular between radial flux machines and axial flux machines. A radial flux machine is characterized in that the magnetic field lines extend in the radial direction in the air gap formed between rotor and stator, while in the case of an axial flux machine the magnetic field lines extend in the axial direction in the air gap formed between rotor and stator. In connection with this invention, it is particularly preferred that the electrical machine is configured as a radial flux machine.

The motor housing can enclose the electric machine. A motor housing can also accommodate the control and power electronics. The motor housing can also be part of a cooling system for the electric machine and can be designed in such a way that cooling fluid can be supplied to the electric machine via the motor housing and/or the heat can be dissipated to the outside via the housing surfaces. In addition, the motor housing protects the electrical machine and any electronics that may be present from external influences.

A motor housing can be formed in particular from a metallic material. Advantageously, the motor housing can be formed from a cast metal material, such as gray cast iron or cast steel. In principle, it is also conceivable to form the motor housing entirely or partially from a plastic.

A rotor is the spinning (rotating) part of an electrical machine. In particular, one speaks of a rotor when there is also a stator.

In the context of the invention, a rotor body is understood to mean the rotor without a rotor shaft. The rotor body is therefore made up in particular of the laminated rotor core and the magnetic elements introduced into the pockets of the laminated rotor core or fixed circumferentially to the laminated rotor core and any axial cover parts present for closing the pockets, flux guide elements and the like.

A rotor is the spinning (rotating) part of an electrical machine. The rotor comprises a rotor shaft and one or more rotor bodies arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on the rotor shaft. The rotor shaft can be made hollow, which on the one hand Consequence of weight savings and which on the other hand allows the supply of lubricant or coolant to the rotor body.

A magnetic active element can be designed in particular as a rotor magnet designed as a permanent magnet or as a magnetic flux conducting piece. The permanent magnets to be introduced into the pockets of the laminated rotor core are understood as rotor magnets. A single larger rotor magnet embodied as a bar magnet or a plurality of smaller rotor magnets embodied as permanent magnet elements can be provided for each pocket.

A flux-guiding element within the meaning of this application can be a body that influences a magnetic or electromagnetic field, in particular with regard to its field strength and/or the course of the field lines, without itself generating a magnetic or electromagnetic field.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the first gear is configured in such a way that the rotor body has a first outer race and the first magnetic active element has a first inner race complementary to the first outer race for the rolling guidance of a first group of rolling elements along one of the first outer raceway and the first inner raceway has a defined first movement path,
and or
the first transmission is configured such that the first magnetic active element has a first outer race and the rotor body has a first inner race complementary to the first outer race for the rolling guidance of a first group of rolling bodies along a first movement path defined by the first outer race and the first inner race,
and or
the second transmission is configured in such a way that the rotor shaft has a second inner raceway and the magnetic active element has a second outer raceway that is complementary to the second inner raceway for the rolling guidance of a second group of rolling bodies along a second movement path defined by the second outer raceway and the second inner raceway,
and or
the second transmission is configured in such a way that the magnetic active element has a second inner raceway and the rotor shaft has a second outer raceway that is complementary to the second inner raceway for the rolling guidance of a second group of rolling bodies along a second movement path defined by the second outer raceway and the second inner raceway,
wherein the first trajectory and the second trajectory define a trajectory of the magnetic active element, and the first trajectory and/or the second trajectory have a non-circular shape.

A low-friction design of a gear, in particular a cam gear, can be realized via such a cam gear equipped with rolling elements in the torque flow between the rotor body and the rotor shaft. Under the effect of the torque generated by the electric machine, the rotor body rotates in relation to the rotor shaft, while the active elements execute movements simply by rolling the rolling elements on correspondingly designed raceways, which bring them into those positions in which they produce a stronger or weaker magnetic field , and which are appropriately assigned to the operating points of the engine map. Furthermore, the risk of high mechanical friction hysteresis is reduced or completely avoided by the gears equipped with rolling bodies.

Thus, according to this preferred embodiment of the invention, a movement control solely via the speed-dependent centrifugal force with the risk of high mechanical friction hysteresis can be avoided. A large number of complex bearings and movement transmission elements such as gear wheels or toothed racks for the permanent magnets or flux guide elements to be rotated or displaced can also be dispensed with.

The rolling elements can roll within the transmission, in particular on the inner raceway. For this purpose, the surface of the inner raceway can advantageously be designed to be abrasion-resistant, for example by means of a corresponding surface treatment method and/or by applying a corresponding additional layer of material.

The inner track can be flat or profiled. A profiled design of the inner raceway can be used, for example, to guide the rolling elements on the inner raceway. On the other hand, a planar formation of the inner raceway can, for example, allow a certain axial displaceability of the rolling bodies on the inner raceway.

The inner track can have a profile for receiving and/or guiding rolling bodies. As a result, the rolling bodies are guided in or on the inner raceway, for example, in a defined manner. Furthermore, the geometric design of the profiled interior raceway the axial and radial force absorption of the gear can be influenced.

The rolling elements can roll within the transmission, in particular on the outer track. For this purpose, the surface of the outer track can advantageously be made correspondingly abrasion-resistant, for example also by means of a corresponding surface treatment process and/or by applying a corresponding additional layer of material.

The outer track can be flat or profiled. A profiled design of the outer raceway can be used, for example, to guide the rolling elements on the outer raceway. On the other hand, a planar formation of the outer raceway can, for example, allow a certain axial displaceability of the rolling bodies on the outer raceway.

The outer track can have a profile for receiving and/or guiding rolling bodies. As a result, the rolling bodies are guided, for example, in a defined manner in or on the outer track. Furthermore, the axial and radial force absorption of the transmission can also be influenced by the geometric design of the profiled outer raceways.

The rolling bodies can be in the form of a sphere or a roller. They preferably roll on the raceways of the cam mechanism. They can preferably transmit a radial force component from an inner raceway to an outer raceway and vice versa. It is also conceivable that the rolling elements transmit axial force components between the raceways. Roller-shaped rolling elements are also referred to as roller rolling elements and spherical rolling elements as bearing balls.

Roller-shaped rolling bodies can be selected, for example, from the group of symmetrical spherical rollers, asymmetrical spherical rollers, cylindrical rollers, needle rollers and/or tapered rollers.

Rolling elements can be guided and spaced apart in a cage or by rolling element spacers.

According to a further preferred development of the invention, it can also be provided that the electrical machine is configured as a radial flow machine.

Furthermore, according to a likewise advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that a plurality of magnetic active elements are distributed in particular equidistantly over the circumference of the rotor, the plurality of magnetic active elements being identical or different from one another.

According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the movement of the magnetic active element along its movement path takes place against the action of an energy store, in particular a spring element such as a compression spring.
In this way, the effect can be achieved in particular that the cam gears fitted with rollers, together with the effect of the energy storage device, form an effective and cost-effective bearing for the active elements, which they also carry out the intended movements with little friction under the superimposed effect of centrifugal force depending on the torque and the positions for a stronger or let take weaker magnetic field.

Furthermore, the invention can also be further developed such that the energy store is arranged outside of the torque flow between two magnetic active elements that are adjacent in the circumferential direction. In a likewise preferred embodiment variant of the invention, it can also be provided that the energy store is arranged within the torque flow between the rotor body and the magnetic active element and/or the energy store is arranged within the torque flow between the rotor shaft and the magnetic active element. Accordingly, these arrangements correspond to the simultaneous realization of a sensor for the torque present and an actuator for the purposeful positioning of the active elements.

It can also be advantageous to further develop the invention in such a way that the movement path of the magnetic active element and the energy store are configured and interact in such a way that at a defined first torque the magnetic active element is moved along its movement path into a first position in which a first magnetic field is generated in the air gap and at a defined second torque, the magnetic active element is displaced along its path of movement into a second position in which the second magnetic field is generated in the air gap. According to a further preferred embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, it can be provided that the first torque is smaller than the second torque and the first magnetic field is smaller than the second magnetic field.

The object of the invention is also achieved by a drive train for a hybrid or full Electrically drivable motor vehicle comprising an electrical machine according to one of Claims 1-8.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to figures without restricting the general inventive idea.

• 1 eine elektrische Maschine in einer schematischen Querschnittsansicht,
• 2 einen Rotor einer elektrischen Maschine in einer schematischen Querschnittsansicht,
• 3 ein Blockschaltbild einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Rotors einer elektrischen Maschine,
• 4 ein Blockschaltbild einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines Rotors einer elektrischen Maschine,
• 5 ein Blockschaltbild einer dritten Ausführungsform eines Rotors einer elektrischen Maschine, und
• 6 ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer elektrischen Maschine in einer Blockschaltansicht.

Show it:

• 1 an electrical machine in a schematic cross-sectional view,
• 2 a rotor of an electrical machine in a schematic cross-sectional view,
• 3 a block diagram of a first embodiment of a rotor of an electrical machine,
• 4 a block diagram of a second embodiment of a rotor of an electrical machine,
• 5 a block diagram of a third embodiment of a rotor of an electrical machine, and
• 6 a motor vehicle with an electric machine in a block diagram.

The 1 shows a fundamentally known from the prior art, configured as a radial flux machine electric machine 20, in particular for use within a drive train of a hybrid or all-electric motor vehicle, as it is an example in the 6 (Hybrid powertrain figure above, all-electric powertrain figure below).

The electrical machine 20 comprises a stator 2 and a rotor 1 which is separated from the stator 2 by an air gap 22 and which are accommodated in a motor housing 21 . The rotor 1 comprises a rotor body 3 and, coaxially within the rotor body 3, a rotor shaft 5 which is geared to the rotor body 3 in a torque-transmitting manner. Magnetic active elements 4 , such as permanent magnets or flux guide pieces, are arranged in the torque flow between the rotor body 3 and the rotor shaft 5 .

In the following 2-5 is shown schematically how a mechanical field weakening according to the invention can take place on a general, not limited to a pure rotation displacement of the active elements 4 depending on the torque, under superimposed centrifugal force effect and without externally engaging elements.

To illustrate this is in the block diagrams of 3-5 converts the rotary system into a kind of translatory system. Units of movably mounted active elements 4 that are repeated on the circumference appear in parallel paths that are to be multiplied according to the total number.

Based on 2 it is initially clearly visible that a first gear 30 connects the rotor body 3 and the magnetic active element 4 and a second gear 32 connects the rotor shaft 5 to the magnetic active element 4, so that a movement path of the magnetic active element 4 relative to the rotor body 3 and the rotor shaft 5 in is defined in such a way that the magnetic active element 4 is mounted rotatably and/or translationally, in particular in the axial direction and/or radial direction and/or circumferential direction, so that it can be displaced along the movement path between the rotor body 3 and the rotor shaft 5 .

From the 2 It can also be seen that the first transmission 30 is configured in such a way that the rotor body 3 has a first outer raceway 61 and the first magnetic active element 4 has a first inner raceway 6 complementary to the first outer raceway 61 for the rolling guidance of a first group of rolling elements 8 along one of the having the first outer raceway 61 and the first inner raceway 6 defined first movement path.

The second gearbox 32 is configured in such a way that the rotor shaft 5 has a second inner raceway 7 and the magnetic active element 4 has a second outer raceway 71 complementary to the second inner raceway 7 for the rolling guidance of a second group of rolling elements 9 along one of the second outer raceway 71 and the second Inner race 7 defined second path of movement.

The first trajectory and the second trajectory define a trajectory of the magnetic active element 4 and the first trajectory and/or the second trajectory have a shape deviating from the circular shape.

Even if it's in the 2 is not shown, it is nevertheless also possible for the first transmission 30 to be configured in such a way that the first magnetic active element 4 has a first outer raceway 61 and the rotor body 3 has a first inner raceway 6 that is complementary to the first outer raceway 61 for the rolling guidance of a first group of rolling elements 8 along a first movement path defined by the first outer raceway 61 and the first inner raceway 6 and/or the second gear 32 is configured in such a way that the magnetic active element 4 has a second inner raceway 7 and the rotor shaft 5 has a second inner raceway track 7 has a complementary second outer track 71 for the rolling guidance of a second group of rolling elements 9 along a second path of movement defined by the second outer track 71 and the second inner track 7 .

A plurality of magnetic active elements 4 - in the embodiment shown 2 three active elements 4 - is distributed in particular equidistantly over the circumference of the rotor 1, the plurality of magnetic active elements 4 being of essentially identical design.

The 2 It can also be seen that the movement of the magnetic active element 4 along its movement path takes place against the action of an energy store 10, in particular a spring element, such as a compression spring. In the embodiment shown, the energy store 10 is arranged outside the torque flow between two magnetic active elements 4 that are adjacent in the circumferential direction.

The 3 now shows the one from the 1 Known rotor configuration of an electrical machine 20 in a block diagram. The 3 shows the active elements 4 in the torque flow between the rotor body 3 and the rotor shaft 5. The translatory movement of the reference point P and the rotary movement around the reference point P of the active elements 4 are under concentric rotation of the rotor body 3 relative to the rotor shaft 5 by the roller-equipped cam gear with the raceways 6, 61, 7, 71 and the groups of rolling elements 8, 9 rolling on them. The torque flows directly from the rotor body 3 via the first group of rolling elements 8 to the active element 4 and from there via the second group of rolling elements 9 to the rotor shaft 5 the active elements 4, arranged outside of the direct torque flow energy stores 1, which determines the torque required for the movement of the active elements 4 according to the design of the energy store.

Differing from the in the 3 In the configuration shown, it is also fundamentally possible for energy store 10 to be located within the torque flow between rotor body 3 and magnetic active element 4 and/or energy store 10 to be located within the torque flow between rotor shaft 5 and magnetic active element 4, which is shown in Fig 4 is reproduced.

The 4 shows a variant of the arrangement described above, with the difference that the energy accumulators 10 are arranged in the direct torque flow between the rotor body 3 and the active elements 4 - parallel to the associated cam gear with the first group of rolling elements 8 - and thus for the movement of the active elements 4 determine the required torque.

5 shows another variant of this configuration with the difference that the energy stores 10 are arranged in the direct torque flow between the active elements 4 and the rotor shaft 5 - parallel to the associated cam mechanism with rolling elements 9 - and thus determine the torque required for the movement of the active elements 4.

The trajectory of the magnetic active element 4 and the energy store 10 are shown in the embodiments 2-5 configured and interact in such a way that at a defined first torque, the magnetic active element 4 is moved along its path of movement into a first position in which a first magnetic field is generated in the air gap 22, and at a defined second torque, the magnetic active element 4 is moved along its path of movement is placed in a second position in which the second magnetic field is generated in the air gap 22. The first torque is smaller than the second torque and the first magnetic field is smaller than the second magnetic field.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the figures. The foregoing description is therefore not to be considered as limiting but as illustrative. The following patent claims are to be understood in such a way that a mentioned feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of other features. If the patent claims and the above description define 'first' and 'second' feature, this designation serves to distinguish between two similar features without establishing a ranking.

Reference List

1

rotor

2

machine

3

rotor body

4

active element

5

rotor shaft

6

outer track

7

inner race

8th

rolling elements

9

rolling elements

10

energy storage

20

machine

21

motor housing

22

air gap

30

transmission

32

transmission

61

outer track

71

outer track

Claims (9)

Electrical machine (20), in particular for use within a drive train of a hybrid or all-electric motor vehicle, comprising a stator (2) and a rotor (1) separated from the stator (2) by an air gap (22), which is in a motor housing (21), wherein the rotor (1) comprises a rotor body (3), and a rotor shaft (5) is coaxially coupled within the rotor body (3) in a torque-transmitting manner to the rotor body (3), wherein a magnetic active element (4) , in particular a permanent magnet or flux conducting piece, is arranged in the torque flux between the rotor body (3) and the rotor shaft (5), and a first gear (30) the rotor body (3) and the magnetic active element (4) and a second gear (32) connects the rotor shaft (5) to the magnetic active element (4), so that a movement path of the magnetic active element (4) is defined relative to the rotor body (3) and/or the rotor shaft (5) in such a way that the magnetic active element (4 ) rotatable and / or translatory, in particular in the axial direction and / or radial direction and / or circumferential direction displaceable along the path of movement between the rotor body (3) and the rotor shaft (5) is mounted. characterized in that the first gear (30) is configured such that the rotor body (3) has a first outer raceway (61) or a first inner raceway (6) and the first magnetic active element (4) has a first outer raceway (61) complementary first inner raceway (6) or a first outer raceway (61) complementary to the first inner raceway (6) for the rolling guidance of a first group of rolling elements (8) along a first movement path defined by the first outer raceway (61) and the first inner raceway (6). and the second transmission (32) is configured such that the rotor shaft (5) has a second inner raceway (7) or a second outer raceway (71) and the magnetic active element (4) has a second outer raceway complementary to the second inner raceway (7). (71) or a second inner raceway (7) complementary to the second outer raceway (71) for the rolling guidance of a second group of rolling bodies (9) along a second movement path defined by the second outer raceway (71) and the second inner raceway (7), wherein the first trajectory and the second trajectory define a trajectory of the magnetic active element (4), and the first trajectory and/or the second trajectory have a non-circular shape. Electrical machine (20), after claim 1 , wherein the electrical machine (20) is configured as a radial flux machine. Electrical machine (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of magnetic active elements (4) are distributed in particular equidistantly over the circumference of the rotor (1), wherein the plurality of magnetic active elements (4) are identical or different from one another . Electrical machine (20) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the movement of the magnetic active element (4) along its path of movement takes place against the action of an energy store (10), in particular a spring element such as a compression spring. Electrical machine (20), after claim 4 , wherein the energy store (10) is arranged outside of the torque flow between two circumferentially adjacent magnetic active elements (4). Electric machine (20), according to any of the previous ones Claims 4 or 5 , wherein the energy store (10) is arranged within the torque flow between the rotor body (3) and a magnetic active element (4) and/or the energy store (10) is arranged within the torque flow between the rotor shaft (5) and the magnetic active element (4). Electrical machine (20), according to one of Claims 4 until 6 , wherein the trajectory of the magnetic active element (4) and the energy store (10) are configured and interact in such a way that at a defined first torque, the magnetic active element (4) is displaced along its trajectory into a first position in which a first magnetic field im Air gap (22) is generated and at a defined second Torque the magnetic active element (4) is displaced along its path of movement in a second position in which the second magnetic field in the air gap (22) is generated. Electrical machine (20), after claim 7 , wherein the first torque is less than the second torque and the first magnetic field is less than the second magnetic field. Drive train for a hybrid or fully electrically driven motor vehicle comprising an electric machine according to one of Claims 1 - 8th .

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