DE102021003254A1 - Power supply for a mains-operated X-ray diagnostic device with improved operational reliability for mains-independent operation after the occurrence of a mains anomaly and operating method therefor. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply for a mains-operated X-ray diagnostic device with improved operational reliability for mains-independent operation after the occurrence of a mains anomaly, in particular a mains failure. For this purpose, the power supply is equipped with at least one capacitive and one electrochemical energy store, with the energy stores being connected to a DC voltage bus via controllable DC/DC converters and being monitored, charged and discharged by a controller in such a way that an electrical energy reserve is available in mains operation for use for mains-independent operation and/or for orderly switching off of the X-ray diagnostic device after the occurrence of a mains anomaly and that in mains-independent operation energy-consuming components of the X-ray diagnostic device can be selectively supplied with energy from the DC voltage bus via controllable voltage converters according to a predetermined operating sequence of an operating program and for a operating program-dependent design duration, grid-independent operation is ensured.

Description

X-ray diagnostic devices usually obtain the energy required for their operation from an electrical supply network. In the case of permanently installed x-ray diagnostic devices, such as, for example, ceiling-mounted x-ray devices, mains voltage is preferably supplied via a permanently wired connection socket. On the other hand, mobile X-ray diagnostic devices that are to be movable between different rooms usually have a detachable connection via a mains plug to a mains socket, the mains cable being connected to a mains socket for a longer period of time in the case of a large travel distance or for a short time in the case of a shorter travel distance within a room , For example, to change the power plug from one to another power outlet can be removed from the power outlet.

In addition, cases are known from the practical operation of mobile X-ray diagnostic devices in which the mains plug is unintentionally pulled, for example due to improper operation of the X-ray diagnostic device or for other reasons during operation of the X-ray diagnostic device. In order not to interrupt the operation of the X-ray diagnostic device if the power failure is detected a few seconds after the mains plug was unintentionally pulled out and the mains plug has been plugged in again, to prevent the X-ray diagnostic device from being switched off, it is necessary for the X-ray diagnostic device to be switched off for a few seconds until minutes must be operated with on-board energy. Short-term interruptions in the mains voltage supply can also be expected in the case of unstable supply networks or when the supply is provided by mobile generators.

In all cases in which the power supply is interrupted during operation of the X-ray diagnostic device, there is a risk that a doctor will have to abort a diagnostic task that has just started or is running without a result and/or that X-ray image data that has already been received cannot be saved and/or transmitted and thus the patient was exposed to radiation that was not or is not used diagnostically.

It is known to provide X-ray diagnostic devices with uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) between a mains connection and the X-ray diagnostic device. A UPS downstream of the mains connection must be dimensioned in such a way that it must reliably supply electrical energy to all electrical consumers of the X-ray diagnostic device for all possible operating processes to ensure operational safety for a design period.

This means that when dimensioning the UPS, the highest possible energy consumption of the X-ray diagnostic device, such as that required for a 3D scan with the recording of a large number of X-ray projection images, must be taken as a basis for a design period.

Such UPS are bulky, have a large mass, are partially stationary and have a high purchase price. The large mass is particularly disadvantageous in the case of mobile X-ray diagnostic devices, such as mobile C-arm X-ray devices or mobile CT gantry, because it leads to a deterioration in maneuverability. In addition, such UPSs only come into play in the event of mains interruptions or other mains anomalies, which can mean that with a good mains supply quality, a UPS is always carried along in the device to be supplied, but is never used. The advantages of a UPS, for example its own temporary energy storage, which could also be used advantageously in regular operation of the X-ray diagnostic device, are therefore only used in the event of mains failures, which is generally very rarely if ever the case.

From the DE patent specification DE 10 2005 052 115 B4 The applicant is aware of an X-ray diagnostic device with an energy storage device formed from ultracapacitors, the energy storage device serving to provide the increased pulse power for an X-ray emitter than can be obtained from the supply network.

From the document DE 10 2015 218 919 A1 a power supply for a mobile C-arm is known, which has a high-current-capable battery, in particular a lithium-ion battery or a Tesla Supercharger with two connections. A first connection is used to operate the x-ray emitter and a second connection is used to operate the remaining loads in the C-arm x-ray device.

From the document DE 10 355 424 A1 a C-arm power supply with an energy store made of ultracapacitors for short-term mains-independent operation is known.

From the document DE 19 749 944 C2 a power supply for a mobile C-arm is known in which the connection of the X-ray genera tor is provided to a power supply source via capacitors.

From the document EP 2 641 541 A1 discloses a power supply for a mobile X-ray device with a buffer battery and a mains connection to ensure operation in the event of a power failure or a drop in mains voltage.

From the document U.S. 7,499,524 B2 a C-arm mobile stand with a battery and a capacitor bank as well as an additional energy supply that can be coupled is known.

There is a need for a power supply for an X-ray diagnostic device that allows continued operation and/or safe shutdown of the X-ray diagnostic device in the event of a network anomaly. A "safe shutdown" should be understood to mean that before switching off it is ensured that all examination results and patient data recorded up to that point are stored in a memory or an image processing computer of the X-ray diagnostic facility or in an external storage system, such as a hospital information system, in such a way that a later unrestricted use is possible.

The object of the invention is to provide a power supply for an X-ray diagnostic device which prevents unexpected operational disruptions in the event of a network anomaly, in particular a network failure.

The object of the invention is solved by the features of the main claim; advantageous refinements result from the dependent claims.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the figures.

In 1 an X-ray diagnostic device 10 is shown with a mobile C-arm X-ray device with a mobile stand 4 and a monitor carriage 2 electrically connected to it. The X-ray diagnostic device 10 is connected to an energy supply network via a network connection 1.

In 2 a circuit diagram according to the invention is shown schematically. The power supply of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 has a common DC voltage bus 43 with a back-up capacitor 431 connected to a ground (not shown), from which the electrical consumers, namely the AC/DC converter 422, the battery management controller BMC 442, the DC/DC -DC converters 451, 451', the DC/DC DC converter 46 and the three-phase inverter 48 for the rotary anode motor 493 are supplied with energy, with the DC voltage bus 43 being taken from the mains by means of the AC/DC converter 422 and by means of the DC/DC DC converter 46 from the capacitive energy store 471 and by means of the battery management controller BMC 442 from an accumulator 441. The circuit off 2 is to be constructed in a modular manner by the direct voltage bus 43 . The module of the independent power supply 44 consisting of the battery management controller BMC 442 and the accumulator 441 is optional when using a rotary anode tube as the X-ray tube 492, in which case the capacitive energy store 471 is always installed. If the X-ray diagnostic device 10 contains a standing anode X-ray tube as the X-ray tube 492, no capacitive energy store 471 is installed and the independent power supply 44 is absolutely necessary.

The nominal voltage of the DC voltage bus 43 is designed for the secondary peak voltage of the transformer 421 and the requirements of the DC/DC converters 451 and 451' and is nominally 350 V DC. The turns ratio of the transformer 421 is dimensioned such that the peak voltage of the secondary winding does not exceed the nominal value of the DC voltage of the DC voltage bus 43 for all combinations of the primary-side mains voltages. The primary winding of the transformer 421 is divided into two individually switchable winding halves. For operation on mains voltages between 100V AC and 120V AC, the primary-side windings are connected in parallel. The windings are connected in series for operation on mains voltages between 200V AC and 240V AC. The variation in the transformer output voltage, given by the fixed transmission ratio of the transformer 421 and caused by the variation in the primary mains voltage, is compensated for by the step-up AC/DC converter 422, so that the DC-DC bus operates with a nominal, stabilized voltage of 350V DC independent of mains fluctuations will.

A bidirectional DC/DC direct current converter 46 makes it possible to transfer energy to an energy store 471 in a charging process and to remove energy from the energy store 471 in a discharging process. In this case, provision is made for the energy store 471 to also be charged during operation of the x-ray tube 492 if energy is available from the mains and/or from the accumulator 441 .

The DC/DC converter 451, 451' has a single one or, if power sharing is desirable or necessary, several DC/DC converters 451, 451'. Reasons for using several DC/DC direct current converters 451,451' can be the market availability of standard power supplies, the assignment of the individual DC/DC direct current converters 451,452' to different supply groups, or favorable designs for the arrangement in the X-ray diagnostic facility. The at least one DC/DC converter 451, 451' has a galvanic isolation between input and output. The output voltages of the DC/DC direct current converters 451, 451' are designed as safety extra-low voltages and can be stabilized 12V DC, stabilized 24V DC or stabilized 48V DC depending on the requirements of the electrical consumers.

If the mains connection is intact, the energy store 471 is charged via the mains connection 1, the AC/AC converter 421 with electrical isolation and AC/DC converter 422 and the DC/DC direct current converter 46, and the energy store 471 is charged by means of the DC/DC direct current converter 451, 451' the power management controller PMC 452 of the mobile stand 4 is supplied with energy. The power management controller PMC 452 collects and distributes the electrical energy throughout the X-ray diagnostic device 10 and controls the supply voltages of the connected loads.

The three-phase inverter 48 generates a polyphase or single-phase rotating field from the DC voltage of the DC voltage bus 43 . By appropriately controlling the output voltage and the frequency, the three-phase inverter 48 generates a rotating field in a multiphase stator 493 of a rotating anode X-ray tube to drive the rotating anode of the X-ray tube 492. The three-phase inverter 48 is not required for a power supply for an X-ray diagnostic device with an X-ray tube 492, which has a standing anode.

Using an AC/DC converter 211 in combination with the power controller 212 of the monitor trolley 2, the electrical loads of the monitor trolley 2 are supplied directly from the AC network via the mains connection 1 with a stabilized safety extra-low voltage with a value of 24V-DC, for example. This enables the monitor trolley 2 to also be operated as a stand-alone device, but without the UPS function of the uninterruptible power supply. A UPS function is then available as soon as the connection between the monitor trolley 2 subsystems and the mobile stand 4 via the connecting line 3 exists.

The AC/AC converter 421 is arranged either in the monitor trolley 2 or in the mobile stand 4. It is provided within the scope of the invention to combine the AC/AC converter 421 and the AC/DC converter 422 to form an AC/DC power supply 42 with integrated galvanic isolation.

The power supply of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 is designed for long-term mains operation, in which the electrical energy is supplied via a mains connection 1, and for short-term, mains-independent operation, in which the operating programs of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 are maintained over an operating program-dependent design period. The long-term mains operation is not limited by the power supply; However, functional restrictions in long-term operation can occur as a result of thermal component loads, for example the rotary anode. The mains-independent operation is guaranteed for a design period depending on the dimensioning of the energy storage and the running operating program. The use of a power supply according to the invention ensures that the diagnostic work of an operator on the x-ray diagnostic device 10 is not impeded by unexpected malfunctions.

The transition between mains operation and mains-independent operation on the one hand and the transition between mains-independent operation and mains operation on the other hand takes place automatically, with mains-independent operation and mains operation being monitored by monitoring the voltage in the DC voltage bus 43 by the power management controller PMC 452 or by means of a can be detected by the network monitoring sensor 423 connected to the network connection 1.

The mains monitoring sensor 423 is used to monitor the mains voltage, the mains current and the phase zero crossings. This unit enables rapid detection of a grid anomaly. Mains anomalies are understood to mean all deviations from an undisturbed mains voltage, such as mains interruptions, mains voltage fluctuations, deviations from the mains frequency, oscillation packet failure or mains half-wave failure.

Operational safety is understood to mean operation of the X-ray diagnostic device in which planned or ongoing diagnostic operational sequences are completed in the event of a design disruption in the mains supply.

It is characteristic of a design fault that the energy requirement for the successful completion of a diagnostic operating sequence at the time of the transition of the power supply from grid operation to grid-independent operation is less than the energy reserve available in the electrical energy at this point in time to save. So that the energy reserve is available in grid-independent operation, it is charged and kept available during grid operation. It is provided within the scope of the invention to provide either a fixed energy reserve or an energy reserve that is dependent on the planned or ongoing diagnostic operating sequence. It is intended to continue the diagnostic operation unchanged for a design-related period of time without any restrictions. The power supply of the X-ray diagnostic device according to the invention behaves as if an uninterruptible power supply UPS were provided at the mains connection. This period of time can be designed for a few seconds if, for example by evaluating previous network anomalies or from training data, it can be expected that the network supply will be restored within this period of time, for example by taking over the network supply of the X-ray diagnostic device through a hospital emergency power supply.

If a power failure lasts longer than this period of time, an alternative, stored operating program is automatically offered to an operator by a sequence control of the X-ray diagnostic device, with which the diagnostic operating sequence can be completed with few restrictions, whereby this operating program compared to an operating program with a full functionality of the X-ray diagnostic device has a lower total energy requirement.

These restrictions can entail restricted ease of use, for example due to the omission of a motorized movability of the X-ray diagnostic device and the need for manual movability. However, the restrictions can also relate to a restriction of the diagnostic image recordings, for example in that during a running scan with a series of projection recordings that follow one another in time, the number of projection recordings is thinned out with the same coverage of the scan angle range.

By switching off sub-functions of the x-ray diagnostic device 10 as required by the power management controller PMC 452 and the power controller 212, the available energy is primarily used to obtain diagnostic data. The power management controller PMC 452 and the power controller 212 are set up to deactivate electrical consumers in a targeted manner according to a stored deactivation strategy without user intervention or to convert the corresponding consumers into a current-reduced state by means of the communication bus 33 .

The operating sequences are stored in the power management controller PMC 452, with an operator in mains operation preferably using the user interface GUI 22 or the user interface 41 selecting an operating sequence, for example a scan with the recording of a series of X-ray projections with a motor-driven moving C -Arc.

Before executing an operating procedure, the power management controller PMC 452 compares the energy requirement and the electrical power required for executing the selected operating procedure with the energy stored in the energy store 471 and the accumulator 441 and the power available from the grid and issues a warning to the user of the X-ray diagnostic device if there is not enough energy and power available for the planned operation. The user is then able to select another operating sequence that requires less energy and/or power, for example a 3D scan with a reduced number of projection recordings and/or a 3D scan with a reduced pulse power or a waiting period until the desired operating sequence is available again.

In the event of a grid anomaly, the controller can change an operating sequence that deviates from the operating sequence selected by the user, depending on the state of charge of the energy storage units, capacitive energy storage (471) and accumulator (441) at the time the grid anomaly occurs, in such a way that an alternative operating sequence is automatically selected as an emergency program and is carried out. Such an operating sequence can have the goal of switching all motorized adjustment axes from motorized operation to manual operation, storing all recorded images in an image memory and then switching off all consumers in an orderly manner and shutting down the controls and the operating system of the X-ray diagnostic device in an orderly manner.

Another operating sequence can have the goal that in mains-independent operation, X-ray exposures continue to be taken until the total energy content of the sum of the energy stores, in particular the energy store 471 and/or the accumulator 441, has dropped to the energy level of a switch-off reserve, which is required for the orderly switch-off of the X-ray diagnostic device is required. If the energy level in the energy store 471 and in the accumulator 441 has fallen to the switch-off reserve, the X-ray diagnostic device is switched off properly, which in particular prevents the loss of diagnostic data generated by the patient dose.

An operating sequence for operation after a network anomaly occurs can include the continuation of an ongoing X-ray examination, for example a scan during an operation with reduced pulse rates and/or reduced pulse powers, in order to be able to use the X-ray diagnostic device in an operation that is ongoing at the time the network anomaly occurs for as long as possible .

If the network fails as a result of a network anomaly, the energy required for a selected operating sequence from the time of the network failure until the expected end of the selected operating sequence and for the proper switching off of the X-ray diagnostic device must be made available from the energy store 471 and from the accumulator 441. The power management controller PMC 452 determines the required energy requirement and takes into account the duration of a planned power failure. The power management controller PMC 452 of the power supply according to the invention is set up to secure part of the energy stored in the energy store 471 and in the accumulator 441 at the time of the power failure as an energy reserve for properly switching off the x-ray diagnostic device. The stored energy exceeding the energy reserve is used for further execution of the operation.

In the event that the energy stored in the energy store 471 and in the accumulator 441 falls below the energy reserve during mains operation of the X-ray diagnostic system - for example, due to the fact that the energy stores have not yet been charged up to the energy reserve after a previous mains-independent operation - a warning message is sent to the User issued with the content that in the event of a power failure from this point in time there will be no energy reserve for proper mains-independent operation, for example for the proper switching off of the X-ray diagnostic device, which means that there is a risk of losing diagnostic patient information that has already been obtained.

If, after a power failure, the power management controller PMC 452 estimates the energy requirement required to complete the selected operating sequence within the power failure design period as being too high compared to the energy available in the energy store 471 and in the accumulator 441, the power management takes over -Controller PMC 452 provides a switchover to an emergency program with a lower energy requirement.

• - AC/DC-Wandler 211
• - Power-Controller 212 für User-Interface GUI 22, Bildverarbeitungsrechner 23 und Monitor 24
• - User-Interface 41
• - AC/AC-Wandler 421
• - AC/DC-Wandler 422
• - Netzüberwachungssensor 423
• - Battery-Management-Controller BMC 442
• - DC/DC-Gleichstromsteller 451, 451'
• - Power-Management-Controller PMC 452
• - DC/DC-Gleichstromsteller 46
• - DC/DC-Gleichstromsteller 472
• - Drehstrominverter 48 für Drehanodenmotor 493
• - Hochspannungswandler 491 für Röntgenröhre 492
• - Kinematik-Controller 501 für die Antriebsmotoren 502 der Kinematik
• - Röntgenbildaufnehmer 51

An electrical consumer of the x-ray diagnostic device is understood to mean any assembly that is temporarily or continuously supplied with electrical energy during operation. The following list does not include those consumers that are supplied with energy by the consumers in the list. If "consumers" are mentioned in the context of this disclosure, this means individual or all assemblies in the list below.

• - AC/DC converter 211
• - Power controller 212 for user interface GUI 22, image processing computer 23 and monitor 24
• - User interface 41
• - AC/AC converter 421
• - AC/DC converter 422
• - Grid monitoring sensor 423
• - BMC 442 battery management controller
• - DC/DC converter 451, 451'
• - PMC 452 power management controller
• - DC/DC converter 46
• - DC/DC converter 472
• - Three-phase inverter 48 for rotating anode motor 493
• - High voltage converter 491 for X-ray tube 492
• - Kinematics controller 501 for the drive motors 502 of the kinematics
• - X-ray imager 51

A flat panel detector FPD or an X-ray image intensifier with a video chain is provided as the X-ray image recorder 51 .

When using a rechargeable battery 441, the energy stored in the energy store 471 can be made available completely for the generator operation in a rechargeable battery-supported normal operation with high-dose application with a rotary anode tube if the energy reserve for emergency operation and/or switching off the X-ray diagnostic device when a network anomaly occurs in the rechargeable battery is available.

When the network is undisturbed, the monitor 24 is supplied with energy via the controllable power controller 212 . In the event of a grid anomaly, the AC/DC converter is disconnected from the grid and the monitor is supplied with power from the DC voltage bus 43 via the DC/DC DC converter 451, 451', the power management controller PMC 452 and the monitor cart 2 built in th power controller 212. The power controller 212 enables the delay-free switchover from the power supply 211 to the battery-supported power supply of the power management controller PMC 452 of mobile stand 4.

All voltage converters 212, 442, 46, 48, 472, 501 of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 are connected to one another and to the power management controller PMC 452 by means of a communication bus 33, for example a CAN bus, and exchange data messages via this communication bus 33 . The supply voltage for the communication bus 33 is provided by the power management controller PMC 452, so that if a network anomaly occurs, for example a network failure, the communication bus 33 can also be supplied from the DC voltage bus 43 via the DC/DC converter 451, 451' energy is supplied.

If the mains connection is interrupted, the flow of energy is routed back to the back-up capacitor 431 via the bidirectional DC/DC converter 46 via the DC voltage bus 43 . With the help of the energy store 471 and/or the accumulator 441, this ensures uninterrupted operation in the manner of an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) for a period of time determined according to the design of the energy store. The DC/DC direct current converter 451, the power controller 212, which if provided is arranged in a monitor carriage 2 connected to the mobile stand 4 by a cable 3, and the three-phase inverter 48 continue to be supplied with energy in this case and thus supply the Consumers such as at least one monitor 24, an image processing computer 23, the user interfaces 22, 41, the X-ray image recorder 51, the X-ray generator 49 or the operating controls of the individual units 212, 23, 442, 45, 46, 472, 50, 51 Energy.

The power management controller PMC 452 controls the charging and discharging of the energy store 471 by means of the DC/DC converter 46 and/or the accumulator 441 by means of the battery management controller BMC 442, both in mains operation and in mains-independent operation, as well as the flow of energy to the consumer monitor 24 and X-ray imager 51. The power management controller PMC 452 preferably also controls and monitors the potential of the DC voltage bus 43.

The circuit according to the invention enables energy to be transmitted via the DC/DC converter 472 to the high-voltage converter 491, which supplies the X-ray tube 492 with voltage for generating X-rays, both when the connection to the supply network is separate and intact via the mains connection 1. This ensures energy-storage-supported, reduced X-ray operation, such as is implemented, for example, in low-dose examinations or at reduced pulse rates.

The three-phase inverter 48 is controlled by the power management controller PMC 452 in such a way that the rotary anode rotation can be maintained with a minimum of energy expenditure. This can be achieved, for example, by reducing the inverter output voltage and/or changing the rotating field frequency. By utilizing the rotational energy of a rotating rotary anode and the resulting rotational lag of the rotary anode, acceleration or maintenance of rotation of the rotary anode is not permanently necessary, so that the inverter maintains the rotation of the rotary anode by switching it on and off cyclically and thus also the necessary energy requirement compared to a permanent one further reduced.

For the operation of the X-ray diagnostic device after the occurrence of a network anomaly, an operating state to be selected automatically by the power management controller PMC 452 is provided, in which the C-arm carrying an X-ray source 53 and an X-ray detector 51 can be positioned by means of motorized adjustment axes by the kinematics controller 501 and the corresponding axis motors 502 or the positioning has to be done manually.

Meanwhile, the power management controller PMC 452 monitors the energy state of the energy store 471 and ensures that partial functions are deactivated or that all components of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 are shut down in a controlled manner if the energy content of the energy store 471 and the accumulator 441 has fallen to the value of the energy reserve.

A requirement for UPS operation using the stored energy of the energy store 471 and without an optional battery 44 is that a controlled shutdown of all systems of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 is ensured at all times. The energy store 471 is therefore never completely emptied and has a minimum energy reserve which is not available for radiation applications. The minimum energy reserve in the energy store 471 is preferably dimensioned such that the power required for shutting down all systems of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 is provided for at least 15 seconds.

The power management controller PMC 452 or the power controller 212 control in case of a UPS operation the energy requirements of the remaining, communication-capable consumers. Provision is made to directly deactivate loads that are not connected to the communication bus 33 . The status of the UPS function is transmitted to the user interfaces 22 , 41 or the monitor 24 via the communication bus 33 . The status of the UPS function is shown to the user on the monitor 24 and/or on the user interface GUI 22 and/or on the user interface 41, for example via a battery symbol with a decreasing level, by means of a display which changes from green to yellow and changes to red or via a user message stating that the system is now shutting down.

The DC/DC converter 472 consists of a buck-boost converter, which can be operated with higher and lower input voltages compared to the output voltage.

The DC/DC converter 46 consists of a bidirectional buck converter which can be operated with higher input voltages than the output voltage.

In the event that the X-ray diagnostic device 10 has a monitor carriage 2 that is spatially separate from the mobile stand 4, the circuit according to the invention provides a DC supply line 31 as a return channel for the transmission/feedback of energy from the PMC 452 in the mobile stand 4 to the power controller 212 in the monitor carriage 2 , so that its electrical loads are supplied with energy via this return channel. For this purpose, the power controller 212 in the monitor carriage 2 has a corresponding electrical coupling for using two energy sources, namely the AC/DC converter 211 and the DC/DC direct current converter 451 .

In particular, it is advantageous that the use of the energy store 471 and the accumulator 441 after the occurrence of a network anomaly prevents an imminent loss of data in the image processing computer 23 and/or an interruption in the work processes in the operating room.

The use of the energy store 471 and the accumulator 441 therefore enables a cost-effective implementation of a UPS function without a separate UPS having to be integrated, because circuit components that are required anyway for the operation of the X-ray diagnostic device are used to implement the UPS in the event of mains fluctuations or mains failures .

The energy store 471 according to the invention can be designed for a power failure bridging time of at least 15 seconds, with the limitation depending on the storage capacity of the cells, the installation space used and the energy state of the energy store.

The energy store 471 is a capacitive energy store and, depending on the application, can be constructed from commercially available electrolytic capacitors or from ultracapacitors (double-layer capacitors) or rechargeable battery hybrid capacitors. The advantage of capacitors is that they have a longer service life than conventional accumulator-based chemical energy storage systems. This eliminates the often frequent and costly maintenance work associated with replacing a defective energy storage device or one that has reached the predicted end of its service life. In addition to a longer service life, capacitive energy storage devices have a more robust pulse current capability. Both points increase the service life and reliability of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 and reduce maintenance calls and maintenance costs.

Network interruptions appear in different forms. Mains oscillation pulse failure, mains oscillation package failure or long-lasting mains interruption. In the events described, it is necessary, depending on the duration of the network anomaly, to safely shut down the x-ray diagnostic device 10, which preferably takes place within 15 seconds. The use of the energy store 471 with the power supply structure according to the invention also enables the system to be shut down safely if the mains connection is interrupted, which is detected by the mains monitoring sensor 423 by monitoring the mains voltage, the phase zero crossings or the mains current.

In addition to the technological advantages of capacitive energy stores for the application mentioned, a lower energy density proves to be disadvantageous, as a result of which the period of use is severely limited. Depending on the load situation of the electrical consumers supplied with it, a capacitive energy store 471 can generally only ensure a power failure bridging time of up to 90 seconds. In order to ensure a longer power failure bridging time, the use of an accumulator with chemical energy storage is necessary, despite the disadvantages mentioned, since its energy density is far higher. The power supply according to the invention has modules that contain the energy store 471 or the accumulator 441 . The storage capacities of the individual modules can be designed according to the application. Provision is also made for the energy storage modules required for rotating anode X-ray tube operation and standing anode X-ray tube operation when configuring the X-ray diagnostics no device to be built into the power supply and to be connected to the DC voltage bus 43.

Thus, the power supply according to the invention of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 can be expanded by a further, optional energy store in the form of a rechargeable battery (lead, lithium-ion or lithium-iron phosphate rechargeable battery). Due to the technologically related, much higher energy density of an accumulator compared to that of a capacitor, the power failure bridging times can be significantly increased to up to 15 minutes or longer with otherwise the same use of space. The chemical energy stored in the accumulator 441 is transformed by the battery management controller BMC 442 in such a way that this electrical energy is made available with the appropriate voltage on the DC voltage bus 43 and on the backup capacitor 431 .

If an accumulator 441 is installed, provision can be made for the energy reserve to be kept solely in the accumulator 441 of the independent power supply 44 . In this case, the energy available in the energy store 471 is available in full for the generation of X-rays. In addition, the buck-boost topology of the DC/DC direct current converter 472 enables the energy store 471 to be fully utilized down to a low charging voltage.

Furthermore, the DC/DC direct current converter 46 enables a variably controllable charging of the energy storage device 471 with the energy supply from the independent power supply 44 Current or with a controllable power to recharge the energy store 471 and not to overload the independent power supply 44 at this moment. After charging, further radiation operation is possible until the energy reserve of the independent power supply 44 is exhausted.

The energy store 471 is required in particular for pulsed operation of an x-ray tube 492 with a rotating anode at high pulse power. Far lower pulse powers are required for an X-ray diagnostic device 10 with an X-ray tube 492 with a standing anode, as a result of which the high-power unit 47 can be dispensed with, as a result of which savings in production costs are achieved. In addition, in this case the three-phase inverter 48 and the rotary anode motor 493 for operating the rotary anode are omitted. The high voltage converter 491 is optionally connected directly to the DC/DC converter 46 (schematically represented by a dashed line). In this case, the advantages of the energy store 471 can no longer be used, so that the optional accumulator 441 is now used for the stated power failure operational safety.

The power supply according to the invention is in addition to in 1 X-ray diagnostic device 10 shown schematically usable with a monitor trolley 2 and a separate mobile stand 4; it can also be used for stand-alone X-ray diagnostic devices 10 with an integrated monitor on the mobile stand 4 (solo system of the applicant). In this case, the monitor carriage 2, the connecting line 3 and the mobile stand 4 form a unit and the power supply unit 21 is omitted. The user interface 22, the image processing computer 23 and the monitor 24 are connected to the power supply unit 45 in this case.

The power supply of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 according to the invention makes it possible in particular to disconnect the mobile stand 4 and/or the monitor carriage 2 from the network, to move it to another location and to reconnect the X-ray diagnostic device 10 to the network at the new location.

The power supply of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 according to the invention makes it possible in particular that in the event of a power failure all functions are briefly maintained until the power quality is restored by the hospital's own emergency power supply and mains operation is continued.

The power supply according to the invention is also intended for use in permanently installed C-arm or gantry-based X-ray diagnostic devices. In this case, the monitor carriage 2, the connecting line 3 and the mobile stand 4 form a unit, with the power supply unit 21 and the connecting line 3 being omitted. The user interface 22, the image processing computer 23 and the monitor 24 are connected to the power supply unit 45 in this case.

If grid anomalies occur at grid connection 1, these are detected within the power supply using the standard self-protection function of AC/DC converter 422, and AC/DC converter 422 is thereby deactivated. In order to achieve a robust circuit design which is largely insensitive to the smallest and very short-lasting network anomalies, the AC/DC converter 422 generally has a sluggish turn-off behavior. In normal operation, the AC/DC converter 422 supplies a stabilized output voltage within a tolerance range preferably 350 V DC, which corresponds to the nominal voltage of the DC bus 43 in normal operation.

If the AC/DC converter 422 no longer supplies voltage to the DC voltage bus 43 due to a grid anomaly, the voltage in the DC voltage bus 43 drops as a result of the energy drawn from the connected loads, with the voltage drop being detected by the power management controller PMC 452. In order to detect a grid anomaly more quickly, it is advantageous to provide a grid monitoring sensor 423 connected directly to the grid connection, the grid monitoring sensor 423 being connected directly to the power management controller PMC 452 . The information about a detected network anomaly is preferably passed to the user interface GUI 22 as a warning message for a user. The invention also provides for activating the independent power supply 44 with the accumulator 441 and the battery management controller BMC 442 at the same time as the warning message, for example by raising the output voltage of the independent power supply 44

The power management controller PMC 452 constantly monitors the energy budget of the x-ray diagnostic device 10. In doing so, it accesses a stored priority list of operational needs
of the system components of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 in order to successively deactivate system components according to a defined plan in the order of their importance for operational safety for the purpose of saving energy, such as kinematics, rotary anode control, monitors, a user interface GUI or a printer (not shown). As a result, the energy available in the x-ray diagnostic device 10 is to be divided in such a way that the longest possible operation of the x-ray diagnostic device 10 is to be ensured for bridging the network anomaly.

If the voltage in the DC voltage bus 43 falls below the charging voltage of the capacitive energy store of e.g. 300 V DC when the x-ray diagnostic device 10 is configured with a capacitive energy store 471, the energy store 471 is initially charged by active control or automatically by a built-in coupling diode (not shown) of the bidirectional DC / DC DC converter 46 take over the supply of the DC voltage bus 43. The switching technology with the built-in coupling diode proves to be more cost-effective than using an actively controllable bidirectional DC/DC converter, which, however, offers more control options. In the case of a bidirectionally controllable converter in particular, the energy flow can be actively controlled or regulated and the charge equalization takes place exclusively at the request of the PMC 452 power management controller.

If a coupling diode is used, charge equalization between the energy store 471 and the DC voltage bus 43 only takes place as long as the voltage of the energy store 471 is greater than the sum of the forward voltage of the coupling diode and the voltage of the energy store 471.

If the power supply of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 is equipped with an independent power supply 44 with a rechargeable battery 441, the independent power supply 44 takes over the power supply of the DC voltage bus 43 when its voltage has dropped to a specific voltage value, for example 250 V DC, which ensures that the voltage of the DC bus 43 is maintained at 250 V DC. The coupling diode of the DC/DC direct current converter 46 blocks automatically, as a result of which the direct voltage bus is supported solely by the accumulator.

The method described above relates to the operation of the power supply of the X-ray diagnostic device 10 after detection of a network anomaly, in particular after a network failure has occurred. If an undisturbed network is present again at the network connection 1 and thus also at the AC/AC converter 421, the AC/DC converter 422 is activated automatically, as a result of which the voltage of the DC voltage bus 43 increases again to the level of normal operation.

If coupling diodes are integrated in the respective AC/DC or DC/DC converters 422, 46 and 44, a passive distribution of the energy flow in the power supply of the x-ray diagnostic device 10 is possible.

Furthermore, the independent power supply 44 and the DC/DC converter 46 are connected to the power management controller PMC 452 via a CAN communication interface and can therefore be actively controlled.

The DC/DC converter 46 or the DC/DC converter 472 continuously monitors the energy state of the energy store 471 and provides user information such as alarms, warnings or information for the user via the user interface GUI 22 .

The AC/DC converter 422 reports to the power management controller via a status signal PMC 452 whether the AC/DC converter 422 is operating as designed or has a fault.

The grid monitoring sensor 423 can be installed before the transformer-equipped AC/AC converter 421 or as in 2 not shown, preferably also be connected after this.

character list

• 1 : C-arm X-ray diagnostic device with a mobile stand and a monitor trolley with mains connection.
• 2 : Schematic circuit diagram of the X-ray diagnostic device.

Reference List

1

power connection

10

X-ray diagnostic facility

2

monitor trolley

21

power supply unit

211

AC/DC converter

212

power controller

22

User interface GUI

23

image processing computer

24

monitor

3

connection line

31

DC supply line

32

AC power line

33

communication bus

4

mobile tripod

41

user interface

42

AC/DC power supply

421

AC/AC converter

422

AC/DC converter

423

Grid monitoring sensor

43

DC bus

431

backup capacitor

44

Independent power supply

441

accumulator

442

Battery management controller BMC

45

power supply unit

451, 451'

DC/DC converter

452

Power management controller PMC

46

DC/DC converter

47

High power unit

471

Capacitive energy storage

472

DC/DC converter

48

three-phase inverter

49

x-ray generator

491

high voltage converter

492

x-ray tube

493

rotating anode motor

50

kinematics

501

kinematic controller

502

drive motor

51

x-ray imager

52

C-arm

53

X-ray source

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102005052115 B4 [0007]
• DE 102015218919 A1 [0008]
• DE 10355424 A1 [0009]
• DE 19749944 C2 [0010]
• EP 2641541 A1 [0011]
• US7499524B2 [0012]

Claims (17)

Power supply for a mains-operated X-ray diagnostic device (10) with improved operational reliability for mains-independent operation after the occurrence of a mains anomaly, the X-ray diagnostic device (10) having the following components: - an X-ray tube (492) with an X-ray generator (491), - an X-ray image recorder (51), - at least one monitor (24), - a user interface (22), - an image processing computer (23), - a carrier for the X-ray source (53) that can be adjusted in several adjustment axes with an X-ray tube (492) and the X-ray image recorder (51). a mobile stand (4) equipped with rollers for moving on a floor, - a power supply with a mains connection (1) and - a number of electrical energy storage units with a total energy storage capacity, - a switching unit, which switches the power supply from mains operation to one if a mains anomaly occurs switches to mains-independent operation, thereby geke Characterized in that - the power supply of the X-ray diagnostic device (10) has an AC/DC power supply (42) connected to the mains connection (1) and having an AC/AC converter (421), at the output of which an AC/DC converter (422 ) is connected, which supplies a DC voltage bus (43) with a backup capacitor (431) with a DC voltage, - the power supply also has a power management controller PMC (452), which controls the state of charge of the number of electrical energy storage units and in Mains operation keeps a predetermined proportion of the total energy storage capacity charged with an energy reserve, with the energy reserve after switching from mains operation to mains-independent operation for a design period of time the energy supply of the components of the X-ray diagnostic device (10), namely the X-ray tube (492), the X-ray image recorder (51), the at least one monitor (24), the user interface (22) and the image processing rec hner (23) to maintain an operating sequence of the X-ray diagnostic device (10), - the DC voltage bus (43) is supplied with energy from at least one of the number of electrical energy storage units when the X-ray diagnostic device (10) is operated independently of the mains, the number of electrical energy storage units being one has a capacitive energy store (471) connected to the direct voltage bus (43) via a controllable DC/DC direct current controller (46) and an accumulator (441) connected to the direct voltage bus (43) via a controllable battery management controller BMC (442), power supply after claim 1 , characterized in that the X-ray tube (492) is a rotating anode X-ray tube with a rotating anode motor (493) or the X-ray tube (492) is a standing anode and at least one of the number of electrical energy storage units is a capacitive energy storage device (471) and the high-voltage converter (491) of the X-ray generator (49) from the capacitive energy store (471) is supplied with energy. power supply after claim 1 , characterized in that the X-ray tube (492) is a rotating anode X-ray tube or a standing anode X-ray tube and the at least one energy storage unit of the number of electrical energy storage units is an accumulator (441). Power supply according to one of Claims 1 - 3 , characterized in that the capacitive energy store (471) are constructed from rechargeable battery hybrid capacitors, ultra-double-layer capacitors or electrolytic capacitors. Power supply according to one of Claims 1 - 4 , characterized in that all energy-consuming components of the X-ray diagnostic device (10) are connected to the DC voltage bus (43) by means of controllable DC/DC converters. Power supply according to one of Claims 1 - 5 , characterized in that the power controller (212) of the monitor cart (2) is connected to a mains-operated AC/DC converter (211), to a user interface (22), an image processing computer (23) and at least one monitor (24 ) connected. Power supply according to one of Claims 1 - 6 , characterized in that the mobile stand (4) of the X-ray diagnostic device (10) carries the at least one monitor (24), the user interface (22) and the image processing computer (23). Power supply according to one of Claims 1 - 7 , characterized in that the X-ray diagnostic device (10) has a monitor carriage (2) which is mechanically separate from the mobile stand (4) and which carries the at least one monitor (24), the user interface (22) and the image processing computer (23) and which is electrically connected to the mobile stand (4) by a connecting line (3). Power supply according to one of Claims 1 - 8th , characterized in that the power supply of the X-ray diagnostic device (10) is modular and contains at least one module with an independent power supply (44) from an accumulator (441) and a battery management controller BMC (442). Power supply according to one of Claims 1 - 9 , characterized in that the AC / DC power supply (42) further comprises a network monitoring sensor (423) whose output is connected to an input of the power management controller PMC (452). Method of operation for a power supply according to any one of Claims 1 - 10 , characterized in that the power management controller PMC (452) ensures a dependent on the design period of fixed / selectable portion of the total energy storage capacity of the number of electrical energy storage units as an available energy reserve during mains operation in that the power management controller PMC (452) the state of charge of the accumulator (441) through the inflow and outflow of energy to the accumulator (441) by means of the battery management controller BMC (442) and the state of charge of the capacitive energy store (471) through the inflow and outflow of energy to the capacitive energy store ( 471) by means of the DC/DC direct current controller (46) and the DC/DC direct current controller (472). Method of operation for a power supply according to any one of Claims 1 - 10 , characterized in that in mains-independent operation after the occurrence of a mains anomaly for the design period, all electrical consumers of the X-ray diagnostic device (10) can be supplied with energy from the DC voltage bus (43). Method of operation for a power supply according to any one of Claims 1 - 10 , characterized in that in mains operation at least one monitor (24), the user interface (22) and the image processing computer (23) via the AC/DC converter (211) and the power controller (212) via the mains connection (1 ) supplied with energy from the supply network. Method of operation for a power supply according to any one of Claims 1 - 10 , characterized in that the capacitive energy store (471) can be charged from the direct current bus (43) via the DC/DC direct current converter (46) during beam operation of the x-ray tube (492). Method of operation for a power supply according to any one of Claims 1 - 10 , characterized in that in mains-independent operation the energy-consuming components of the X-ray diagnostic device (10) can be selectively supplied with energy to maintain an undisturbed operating process, with the power management controller PMC (452) predetermining energy-consuming components of the X-ray diagnostic device (10) via the associated DC / DC DC converter 451, 451 'connects to the DC voltage bus (43). Operating procedures for a power supply claim 11 , characterized in that the power management controller PMC (452) in mains-independent operation when the sum of the energy reserves in the accumulator (441) and in the capacitive energy store (471) falls below a shutdown reserve causes an orderly shutdown of the X-ray diagnostic device (10). Method of operation for a power supply according to any one of Claims 1 - 10 , characterized in that an operator is made aware of changes in the operating sequence by means of a user interface GUI (22) and/or a user interface (41).

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