DE102021002063A1 - Large-caliber ammunition penetrator - Google Patents

Abstract

A known penetrator (1) of a large caliber ammunition has the following features: a) the penetrator (1) has a preliminary projectile (10) and a main projectile (20), b) the preliminary projectile (10) has a shaft (11) with a largest outside diameter called first diameter (D1) and the main projectile (20) has a barrel (21) with largest outside diameter called second diameter (D2),c) the main projectile (20) has at the nose a blind hole opening (22) along the longitudinal axis, d) the blind hole opening (22) accommodates a rear end of the preliminary projectile (10) so that it can be displaced, 20) is released. The new penetrator should have an alternative separation mechanism and has the following features for this purpose: f) the first diameter D1 and the second diameter D2 are related to one another as follows: D1D2=0.3…0.8 g) the pre-projecti l (10) and the main projectile (20) are designed in such a way that at the time of separation an air resistance force acting on the preliminary projectile (10) and related to a mass of the preliminary projectile is lower than an air resistance force acting on the main projectile (20) and to a mass of the main projectile related drag force, so that the preliminary projectile experiences less deceleration,h) the release device comprises an electromechanical actuator (40) which releases a form-fitting connection between the main projectile (20) and the preliminary projectile (10).

Description

The invention relates to a penetrator for large-caliber ammunition

An armor arrangement with reactive armor represents a major challenge in terms of combating it. Responsible for this is the reactive armor, which destroys an impacting penetrator or at least deflects it so that the main armor of the armor arrangement is no longer penetrated.

From the EP 0149 703 B1 (is considered: fourth on 4th related embodiment) a generic penetrator for combating an armor arrangement with reactive armor is known. The penetrator has a pre-projectile and a main projectile. The pre-projectile generates sufficient impact energy and triggers the reactive armor. The main projectile penetrates the further armor arrangement with a time delay without being deflected by elements of the active armor. The main projectile has a longitudinally axial blind hole opening at the bow. In one installation position, the longitudinally axial blind hole opening accommodates a rear end of the projectile in a displaceable manner. After the pre-projectile has been separated from the main projectile, the blind hole opening is used, similar to a weapon barrel, to guide the emerging pre-projectile.
A release device is designed such that the pre-projectile is released from the main projectile at a separation point in time in a flight phase. In the known case, the release device is an explosive separating charge. The pre-projectile has a shaft with a largest outer diameter, which is called the first diameter. The main projectile has a shaft with a largest outside diameter, called the second diameter. The ratio of the first diameter to the second diameter is less than 0.3. This is due to the fact that the pre-projectile is equipped with a tail unit with rigid guide vanes.

the DE 28 45 431 C1 shows another penetrator with a pre-projectile and main projectile. The pre-projectile and the main projectile are clamped together with the interposition of a disc spring with the help of a centrally continuous guide rod. This is done with a cap on the bow side at the tip of the bullet. In order to achieve the separation of the projectile parts during the projectile flight time, the cap is made of a metal with a low melting point. Since the lower caliber bullet flies at several times the speed of sound, a damming temperature arises on the cap, which heats up the cap so that it melts and releases a guide rod. The shell springs push the projectile parts apart so that they hit the target one after the other and independently of one another and develop the desired effect. The mass and melting temperature of the cap are chosen so that the desired flight time is achieved before the projectile parts separate. The cap can also have a proximity detector which, when the target distance can be predetermined, causes the cap to dismantle and in this way releases the projectile cores.

The invention is based on the object of designing a generic penetrator with an alternative separating mechanism.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Furthermore, this object is achieved by the independent claim 9, which is directed to ammunition which has the penetrator.

• • Kein zusätzliches Abbremsen des Hauptprojektils über den Luftwiderstand hinaus.
• • Saubere, reproduzierbare Trennung des Vorprojektils. Nach einer Ablösung weist das Hauptprojektil eine definierte Anströmgeometrie auf.
• • Genau vorhersehbare Flugbahnen des Vorprojektils und des Hauptprojektils nach einer Trennung. Das Vorprojektil und das Hauptprojektil treffen zeitversetzt einen nahezu gleichen Zielpunkt.
• • Genaue Einstellung des Trennzeitpunkts und damit ein genaues Einstellen des zeitlichen Vorsprungs des Vorprojektils.

The functional interaction of the solution features shows surprising effects and synergy effects: no explosive separating charge is used. Rather, the pre-projectile moves faster than the main projectile because its mass-related drag force is less than the mass-related drag force of the main projectile. It is beneficial that the ratio of the first diameter to the second diameter is between 0.3 and 0.8 in order to keep the cross-sectional area of the pre-projectile and thus its deceleration due to the air resistance low. The aforementioned diameter ratios and the associated installation space available enable the introduction of a mechanical release device.
The following effects should also be mentioned:

• • No additional braking of the main projectile beyond the air resistance.
• • Clean, reproducible separation of the pre-projectile. After detachment, the main projectile has a defined approach flow geometry.
• • Precisely predictable trajectories of the pre-projectile and the main projectile after separation. The pre-projectile and the main projectile hit an almost identical target point with a time delay.
• • Exact setting of the time of separation and thus an exact setting of the time advance of the pre-projectile.

• Der erste Durchmesser und der zweite Durchmesser stehen in einem Verhältnis in einem Bereich von 0,3 bis 0,8.
• Der untere Wert von 0,3 bedeutet, dass D₁ gegenüber D₂ klein ist, so dass
  • • die Masse des Vorprojektils für eine Auslösung der reaktiven Panzerung gering ist;
  • • der Bauraum für eine Freigabeeinrichtung klein ist;
  • • der Wert einer erforderlichen geringen massebezogenen Luftwiderstandskraft des Vorprojektils einfach erreichbar ist.
• Der obere Wert von 0,8 bedeutet, dass D2 nicht viel größer als D1 ist, so dass
  • • die Masse des Vorprojektils für eine Auslösung der reaktiven Panzerung hoch ist;
  • • der Bauraum für eine Freigabeeinrichtung groß ist;
  • • der Wert einer erforderlichen geringen massebezogenen Luftwiderstandskraft des Vorprojektils schwierig erreichbar ist.

If individual features are considered, further effects and advantages become apparent:

• The first diameter and the second diameter are in a ratio in a range from 0.3 to 0.8.
• The lower value of 0.3 means that D ₁ is small compared to D ₂ , so that
  • • the mass of the pre-projectile is low for the reactive armor to trigger;
  • • the installation space for a release device is small;
  • • the value of a required low mass-related drag force of the pre-projectile can easily be achieved.
• The upper value of 0.8 means that D2 is not much larger than D1, so
  • • the mass of the pre-projectile for deployment of the reactive armor is high;
  • • the installation space for a release device is large;
  • • the value of a required low mass-related drag force of the pre-projectile is difficult to achieve.

The pre-projectile and the main projectile are designed in such a way that at the time of separation a mass-related air resistance force acting on the pre-projectile is less than a mass-related air resistance force acting on the main projectile, and that after a separation the pre-projectile leads ahead.

Accordingly, a mechanical release device is sufficient. The mechanical release device comprises an electromechanical actuator which releases a form-fit connection between the main projectile and the pre-projectile. A form-fit connection is functionally reliable. An electromechanical actuator is a tried and tested control element.

• • m₁ = Masse des Vorprojektils
• • m₂ = Masse des Hauptprojektils
• • cw₁ = Luftwiderstandsbeiwert des Vorprojektils kurz vor Trennung
• • cw₂ = Luftwiderstandsbeiwert des Hauptprojektils kurz vor Trennung
• • D₁ = größter Durchmesser des Schafts des Vorprojektils
• • D₂ = größter Durchmesser des Schafts des Hauptprojektils solche Werte aufweisen, dass eine nachfolgende Ungleichung erfüllt ist:

$$\frac{D_1\ast D_1\ast c{w}_1}{m_1}<\frac{\left(D_2\ast D_2-D_1\ast D_1\right)\ast c{w}_2}{m_2}$$

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the design of the pre-projectile and the main projectile includes that parameter

• • m ₁ = mass of the projectile
• • m ₂ = mass of the main projectile
• • cw ₁ = drag coefficient of the projectile just before separation
• • cw ₂ = drag coefficient of the main projectile shortly before separation
• • D ₁ = largest diameter of the shaft of the pre-projectile
• • D ₂ = largest diameter of the shaft of the main projectile have such values that the following inequality is fulfilled:

$$\frac{{\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast c{w}_1}{m_1}<\frac{\left({\mathrm{D.}}_2\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_2-{\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1\right)\ast c{w}_2}{m_2}$$

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the form-fit connection comprises a movable form-fit element. In this way, form-fit connections can be implemented in a simple manner with the aid of an electromechanical actuator. The formulation that the form-fit connection comprises a movable form-fit element does not preclude the use of several movable form-fit elements.

A very functionally reliable design using the above-mentioned movable positive-locking element shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention in which the electromechanical actuator has a moving part which is designed as a locking element for the positive-locking element in a locking position and which releases the positive-locking element in an unlocking position.

Building on the above, a further advantageous embodiment of the invention proposes that the form-fit element is arranged between a wall of the blind hole opening of the main projectile and the pre-projectile, since this leads to a simple and inexpensive construction.

Going even further, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electromechanical actuator is a linear magnet or, alternatively, a rotary magnet. This is because the form-fit element can be released both with a linear movement and with a rotary movement of the moving part of the actuator.

As an alternative to designs with movable form-fit elements, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrical actuator is a rotary magnet and the form-fit connection is a bayonet connection. A bayonet connection is a widespread, quickly established and detachable mechanical connection between two cylindrical parts in their longitudinal axis. The parts are connected by inserting one into the other and turning in the opposite direction and thus separated again.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the release device has a programming device with which target data are entered before a launch. The target data can already be time data that define the time of separation. The programming device saves a proximity fuse.

• 1 ein Hauptprojektil und ein vorauseilendes Vorprojektil, die zuvor miteinander verbunden waren und einen Penetrator bildeten, in einer Längsansicht mit Teilschnitten;
• 2 den Penetrator, wie er vor einer Trennung des in 1 gezeigten Vorprojektils vom in 1 gezeigten Hauptprojektil vorliegt, wobei eine Anströmung während des Fluges illustriert wird, in einer Längsansicht mit Teilschnitten;
• 3 den in 2 gezeigten Penetrator, wobei hiervon Bugansichten abgeleitet werden, um Querschnittsflächen der Luftwiderstände zu illustrieren;
• 3a eine Bugansicht, in der die wirksame Querschnittsfläche des Luftwiderstandes des Vorprojektils mit einer Schraffur (bedeutet hier keinen Schnitt) illustriert ist;
• 3b eine Bugansicht, in der die wirksame Querschnittsfläche des Luftwiderstandes des Hauptprojektils mit einer Schraffur (auch hier: kein Schnitt) illustriert ist;
• 4a einen Penetrator, wie er auch zuvor gezeigt wurde, mit einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Freigabeeinrichtung, mit einem beweglichen Formschlusselement, in einer Verriegelungsstellung;
• 4b den in 4a gezeigten Penetrator in einer Entriegelungsstellung;
• 4c den in 4a gezeigten Penetrator unmittelbar bevor das Vorprojektil die Sacklochöffnung des Hauptprojektils verlässt;
• 5 einen Penetrator mit einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Freigabeeinrichtung, mit einem Drehmagnet und einer Bajonettverbindung.

Embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. The following are shown as simple basic sketches:

• 1 a main projectile and a leading pre-projectile, which were previously connected to one another and formed a penetrator, in a longitudinal view with partial sections;
• 2 the penetrator as he was before a separation of the in 1 shown pre-projectile from in 1 The main projectile shown is present, an oncoming flow being illustrated during flight, in a longitudinal view with partial sections;
• 3 the in 2 penetrator shown, bow views derived therefrom to illustrate cross-sectional areas of the air resistances;
• 3a a bow view in which the effective cross-sectional area of the air resistance of the pre-projectile is illustrated with hatching (means no section here);
• 3b a bow view in which the effective cross-sectional area of the air resistance of the main projectile is illustrated with hatching (also here: no section);
• 4a a penetrator, as was also shown above, with a first exemplary embodiment of a release device, with a movable positive-locking element, in a locking position;
• 4b the in 4a penetrator shown in an unlocked position;
• 4c the in 4a shown penetrator immediately before the pre-projectile leaves the blind hole opening of the main projectile;
• 5 a penetrator with a second embodiment of a release device, with a rotary magnet and a bayonet connection.

the 1 illustrates a basic structure of a penetrator 1 of a large-caliber ammunition. A main projectile 20 is shown, which is preceded by a pre-projectile 10. The pre-projectile 10 is used to trigger a reactive armor of an armor arrangement. The main projectile 20 serves to penetrate the further armor arrangement with a time delay without being deflected by elements of the active armor.

Before a launch, the penetrator 1 with a main projectile 20 and a pre-projectile 10 is part of an ammunition which, for example, still has elements such as a detonator, a case or a sabot.

Before the pre-projectile 10 was separated, the blind hole opening 22 accommodated the rear end of the pre-projectile 10 in a displaceable manner. The blind hole opening 22 is formed longitudinally axially.

The release device releases the pre-projectile 10 from the main projectile 20 at a separation point in time in a flight phase.

The release device comprises an indicated electronics module 30 and an electromechanical actuator 40, likewise only indicated, which has released a form-fit connection between the main projectile 20 and the pre-projectile 10.

After the release, the pre-projectile 10 rushes ahead in that the pre-projectile 10 is braked less strongly by the air resistance.

How out 3 As can be seen, the pre-projectile 10 has a shaft 11 with a largest outer diameter, which is called the first diameter D ₁ . The main projectile 20 has a shaft 21 with a largest outer diameter, which is called the second diameter D ₂ .

The first diameter D ₁ and the second diameter D ₂ are related to one another as follows: $\frac{{\mathrm{D.}}_1}{{\mathrm{D.}}_2}=0.3...\mathrm{0.8.}$

The first diameter D ₁ and the second diameter D ₂ are preferably related to one another as follows: $\frac{{\mathrm{D.}}_1}{{\mathrm{D.}}_2}=0.4...\mathrm{0.7.}$

The release device has no explosive separating charge. Rather, the pre-projectile 10 and the main projectile 20 are designed such that at the time of separation an air resistance force acting on the pre-projectile 10 and related to a mass of the pre-projectile is less than an air resistance force acting on the main projectile 20 and related to a mass of the main projectile 20, so that the pre-projectile 10 experiences less braking due to the smaller mass-related air resistance.

As in 2 illustrated by the flow shown, the pre-projectile drag force results from the flow and flow around the pre-projectile 10 looking out of the blind hole opening 22 before separation.

As in 2 further illustrated by the flow shown, the main projectile drag force results before a separation from the flow and flow around a circular circular surface and the outer surface of the main projectile, in such a way that the circular circular surface has the second diameter D ₂ as the outer diameter and the first diameter D _{1 as the inner diameter} having.

• • m₁ = Masse des Vorprojektils
• • m₂ = Masse des Hauptprojektils
• • cw₁ = Luftwiderstandsbeiwert des Vorprojektils kurz vor Trennung
• • cw₂ = Luftwiderstandsbewert des Hauptprojektils kurz vor Trennung
• • D₁ = größter Durchmesser des Schafts 11 des Vorprojektils 10
• • D₂ = größter Durchmesser des Schafts 21 des Hauptprojektils 20 solche Werte aufweisen, dass eine nachfolgende Ungleichung erfüllt ist:

$$\frac{D_1\ast D_1\ast c{w}_1}{m_1}<\frac{\left(D_2\ast D_2-D_1\ast D_1\right)\ast c{w}_2}{m_2}$$

The formation of the pre-projectile 10 and the main projectile 20 includes that parameter

• • m ₁ = mass of the projectile
• • m ₂ = mass of the main projectile
• • cw ₁ = drag coefficient of the projectile just before separation
• • cw ₂ = air resistance rating of the main projectile shortly before separation
• • D ₁ = largest diameter of the shaft 11 of the pre-projectile 10
• • D ₂ = largest diameter of the shaft 21 of the main projectile 20 have such values that the following inequality is fulfilled:

$$\frac{{\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast c{w}_1}{m_1}<\frac{\left({\mathrm{D.}}_2\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_2-{\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1\right)\ast c{w}_2}{m_2}$$

• Die Beschleunigung a ist $$a=\frac{F}{m}$$
  
  mit F = Kraft m = Masse

This is derived:

• The acceleration is a $$a=\frac{\mathrm{F.}}{m}$$
  
  with F = force m = mass

mit
F₁ = Luftwiderstandskraft am Vorprojektil 10
m₁ = Masse des Vorprojektils 10 _{The deceleration a 1} acting on the pre-projectile 10 is: $$a_1=\frac{{\mathrm{F.}}_1}{m_1}$$

With
F ₁ = drag force on the pre-projectile 10
m ₁ = mass of the projectile 10

mit
F₂ = Luftwiderstandskraft am Hauptprojektil 20
m₂ = Masse des Hauptprojektils 20 _{The deceleration a 2} acting on the main projectile 20 is: $$a_2=\frac{{\mathrm{F.}}_2}{m_2}$$

With
F ₂ = drag force on main projectile 20
m ₂ = mass of main projectile 20

So that the pre-projectile 10 can run ahead, the following applies: $$\frac{{\mathrm{F.}}_1}{m_1}<\frac{{\mathrm{F.}}_2}{m_2}$$

mit
A₁ = Querschnittsfläche des Vorprojektils 10, in 3a illustriert
cw₁ = Luftwiderstandsbeiwert des Vorprojektils 10 kurz vor TrennungThe drag force F ₁ is: $${\mathrm{F.}}_1\sim {\mathrm{A.}}_1\ast c{w}_1$$

With
A ₁ = cross-sectional area of the projectile 10, in 3a illustrated
cw ₁ = drag coefficient of the pre-projectile 10 shortly before separation

mit
A₂ = Querschnittsfläche des Hauptprojektils 20, in 3b illustriert
cw₂ = Luftwiderstandsbeiwert des Hauptprojektils 20 kurz vor TrennungThe drag force F ₂ is: $${\mathrm{F.}}_2\sim {\mathrm{A.}}_2\ast c{w}_2$$

With
A ₂ = cross-sectional area of main projectile 20, in 3b illustrated
cw ₂ = drag coefficient of the main projectile 20 shortly before separation

$$A_2\sim D_2\ast D_2-D_1\ast D_1$$

Also applies: $${\mathrm{A.}}_1\sim {\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1$$

$${\mathrm{A.}}_2\sim {\mathrm{D.}}_2\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_2-{\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1$$

Equation 4 with equations 5 and 6 give: $$\frac{{\mathrm{A.}}_1\ast c{w}_1}{m_1}<\frac{{\mathrm{A.}}_2\ast c{w}_2}{m_2}$$

Equation 9 with equations 7 and 8 give: $$\frac{{\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast c{w}_1}{m_1}<\frac{\left({\mathrm{D.}}_2\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_2-{\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1\right)\ast c{w}_2}{m_2}$$

Equation 10 is used below in an exemplary calculation example.

• D₁ = 0,4
• D₂ = 1,0
• m₁ = 0,15
• m₂ = 1,0
• cw₁ = 0,15
• cw₂ = 0,70

As values for D ₁ , D ₂ , m ₁ and m ₂ , dimensionless values are given by way of example, since the units are abbreviated in equation 10.

• D ₁ = 0.4
• D ₂ = 1.0
• m ₁ = 0.15
• m ₂ = 1.0
• cw ₁ = 0.15
• cw ₂ = 0.70

$$\mathrm{0,160}<\mathrm{0,588}$$

The values are plugged into Equation 10: $$\frac{0.4\ast 0.4\ast 0.15}{0.15}<\frac{\left(1\ast 1-04\ast 0.4\right)\ast 0.7}{1}$$

$$0.160<0.588$$

The inequality is fulfilled and thus the pre-projectile 10 and the main projectile 20 are such designed that at the time of separation, an air resistance force acting on the pre-projectile 10 and related to a mass of the pre-projectile 10 is lower than an air resistance force acting on the main projectile 20 and related to a mass of the main projectile 10, so that the pre-projectile 10 due to the smaller mass-related air resistance experiences less braking.

Based on 4a until 4c a first exemplary embodiment of a release device is described which has an electromechanical actuator 40 which releases a form-fit connection between main projectile 20 and pre-projectile 10.

The first exemplary embodiment relates to an embodiment in which the form-fit connection comprises a movable form-fit element 50. The form-fit element 50 is a single component. In the present case, the form-fit element is a ball.

The electromechanical actuator 40 has a moving part 41 which, in a locking position, is designed as a locking element for the form-fit element 50 and which releases the form-fit element 50 in an unlocked position.

The form-fit element 50 is arranged between a wall of the blind hole opening 22 of the main projectile 20 and the pre-projectile 10.

The electromechanical actuator 40 is a linear magnet. In contrast to this, the electromechanical actuator could also be a rotary magnet with adaptation of the geometry of the components.

4a shows the locking position in which the moving part 41 of the electromechanical actuator 40 locks the form-fit element 50.

4b shows the penetrator in an unlocked position, which is obtained by applying current to the electromagnetic actuator, whereby the moving part 41 moves in the direction of the bow and releases the form-fitting element 50.

4c shows the penetrator immediately before the pre-projectile 10 leaves the blind hole opening 22 of the main projectile 20.

As in 4b As illustrated, the form-locking element 50 is movable along a guide when it is released by the moving part 41 of the electromechanical actuator 40. Very little forces are necessary for this, since the guide runs along a line that forms an acute angle Φ to the longitudinal axis, the acute angle Φ pointing towards the stern. The acute angle Φ makes it easier for the form-fit element 50 to release the form-fit connection.

Based on 5 a second exemplary embodiment of a release device is described which has an electromechanical actuator 40 which releases a form-fit connection between main projectile 20 and pre-projectile 10. The electrical actuator 40 is a rotary magnet and the form-fit connection is a bayonet connection. the 5a shows a very simple schematic diagram of a bayonet connection. The moving part 41 of the electromagnetic actuator rotates (rotational movement) relative to the projectile 10 in order to release the form fit. To illustrate the bayonet connection, a nose 17 is shown on the projectile 10 and a guide groove 47 on the moving part 41. The pre-projectile 10 is guided so that it cannot rotate (not shown) in a longitudinal direction. The pre-projectile 10 is braked less strongly by the air resistance and leaves the main projectile 20 behind, in that the pre-projectile 10 moves out of the blind hole opening in a linear (translational) movement. It is not shown that the bayonet connection can be opened by overcoming static friction and / or a spring force and / or bypassing a latching step or opening a lock beforehand.

All the exemplary embodiments have in common: The electromechanical actuator 40 is arranged in the area between a rear end face of the blind hole opening and the rear of the pre-projectile, more precisely between the electronics module 30 and the pre-projectile 10. This arrangement is very practical in terms of efficient use of space and good support Good retention of individual elements in the blind hole opening 22. In contrast to this, the electromechanical actuator 40 and the electronics module 30 could also form a unit.

The electromechanical actuator 40 including its moving part 41 are arranged coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the penetrator.

The release device has a programming device with which target data are entered before a launch. The programming device can be designed as part of the electronics module 30. The target data can be time data that have already been calculated for the time of separation. Furthermore, further data, such as recognized armor arrangements, can be assigned to the target data.

The pre-projectile 10 is separated from the main projectile 20 by a less strong one Air resistance braking of the pre-projectile 10. A spring, in particular a disc spring, can support the separation process. Therefore, in contrast to the previous exemplary embodiments, the penetrator in the. Blind hole opening 22 additionally have a spring, in particular a plate spring. A disc spring could very easily be inserted into a penetrator according to the first one, in the 4a until 4c Embodiment shown can be integrated. A disc spring could be arranged between the tail of the pre-projectile 10 and the electromagnetic actuator 40.

It will go back to that 1 referenced. Since the material of the pre-projectile 10 and the material of the main projectile 20 are difficult to machine, the pre-projectile 10 has a rear-end receptacle 15 and the main projectile 20 has a bow-end receptacle 25. The respective receptacles 15 and 25 are made of a material that is easy to process.

The pre-projectile 10 has no rigid wings because there is no space in the blind hole. In a departure from the exemplary embodiments shown, optionally retractable wings could be arranged on the projectile 10.

The pre-projectile 10 and the main projectile 20 are each solid and not hollow in order to be able to develop a high kinetic energy.

List of reference symbols

1

Penetrator

10

Pre-projectile

11th

shaft

15th

Receptacle

17th

Bayonet connection nose

20th

Main projectile

21

shaft

22nd

Blind hole opening

25th

Receptacle

30th

Electronic module (belongs to the release device)

40

electromechanical actuator (belongs to the release device)

41

Moving part

47

Guide groove of the bayonet connection

50

Form-fit element

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• EP 0149703 B1 [0003]
• DE 2845431 C1 [0004]

Claims (9)

Penetrator (1) of a large-caliber ammunition, with the following features: a) the penetrator (1) has a pre-projectile (10) and a main projectile (20), b) the pre-projectile (10) has a shaft (11) with a largest outer diameter on, the first diameter (D ₁ ) is called, and the main projectile (20) has a shaft (21) with a largest outer diameter, which is called the second diameter (D ₂ ), c) the main projectile (20) points at the bow a longitudinally axial blind hole opening (22), d) the blind hole opening (22) accommodates a rear end of the pre-projectile (10) in a displaceable manner, e) a release device is designed in such a way that the pre-projectile (10) from the main projectile (10) at a time of separation in a flight phase 20) is released, characterized by the following features: f) the first diameter D ₁ and the second diameter D ₂ relate to one another as follows: $\frac{{\mathrm{D.}}_1}{{\mathrm{D.}}_2}=0.3...0.8$

g) the pre-projectile (10) and the main projectile (20) are designed in such a way that at the time of separation an air resistance force acting on the pre-projectile (10) and related to a mass of the pre-projectile (10) is lower than that acting on the main projectile (20) and drag force related to a mass of the main projectile (10), so that the pre-projectile (10) experiences less braking, h) the release device comprises an electromechanical actuator (40) which creates a positive connection between the main projectile (20) and the pre-projectile ( 10) releases. Penetrator (1) Claim 1 , characterized in that the formation of the pre-projectile (10) and the main projectile (20) according to feature g) of the Claim 1 includes that parameters • m ₁ = mass of the pre- _{projectile (10) • m 2} = mass of the main projectile (20) • cw ₁ = drag coefficient of the pre-projectile (10) shortly before separation • cw ₂ = drag coefficient of the main projectile (20) just before separation • D ₁ = largest outside diameter of the shaft (11) of the pre-projectile (10) • D ₂ = largest outside diameter of the shaft (21) of the main projectile (20) have such values that an inequality $$\frac{{\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast c{w}_1}{m_1}<\frac{\left({\mathrm{D.}}_2\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_2-{\mathrm{D.}}_1\ast {\mathrm{D.}}_1\right)\ast c{w}_2}{m_2}$$

is satisfied. Penetrator (1) Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the form-fit connection comprises a movable form-fit element (50). Penetrator (1) Claim 3 , characterized in that the electromechanical actuator (40) has a moving part (41) which is designed as a locking element for the form-fit element (50) in a locking position and which releases the form-fit element (50) in an unlocked position. Penetrator (1) Claim 4 , characterized in that the form-locking element (50) is arranged between a wall of the blind hole opening (22) of the main projectile (20) and the pre-projectile (10). Penetrator (1) according to one of the Claims 3 until 5 , characterized in that the electromechanical actuator (40) is a linear magnet or a rotary magnet. Penetrator (1) Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the electrical actuator (40) is a rotary magnet and the form-fitting connection is a bayonet connection. Penetrator (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7th , characterized in that the release device has a programming device with which target data are entered before a launch. Ammunition with a penetrator (1) with the features according to one of the Claims 1 until 8th .

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