DE102020129385A1 - Method for determining a quality measure of a material connection - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for determining a quality measure of a material connection (SV) between two electrically conductive joining partners (FP1, FP2) arranged one on top of the other is proposed, in which a current profile (Imess) is impressed into the material connection (SV) and measured via measuring contacts (MK1, MK2 ) a voltage drop (Umess) caused by the impressed current across the connection (SV) is determined, and in which the quality measure of the material connection (SV) is determined from a predetermined relation of the current profile (Imess) and the voltage drop (Umess). The current profile (Imess) is conducted into and out of the welded connection (SV) only via one surface of the second joining partner (FP2). This is made possible by the fact that the materially bonded connection (SV) of the two joining partners (FP1, FP2) comprises at least a first section (SV1) and a second section (SV2), the first and second sections (SV1, SV2) of the materially bonded connection are arranged at a predetermined distance from one another in the measuring direction (X) and are arranged adjacent to a respective measuring contact (MK1, MK2). The specified distance between the first section (SV1) and the second section (SV2) is selected in such a way that with the impressed current profile (Imess) an electrical resistance (RBL,2) in the second joining partner (FP2) between the first section (SV1) and the second section (SV2), has a different value, in particular is greater than the sum of the resistances (RSV,1; RSV,2, RBT) through the first section (SV1), the second section ( SV2) and through a current path in the first joining partner (FP1), which is formed between the first section (SV1) and the second section (SV2) of the material connection (SV).

Description

The invention relates to a method for determining a quality measure of a materially bonded connection between two electrically conductive parts to be joined that are arranged flat on top of one another.

Cohesive connections between two electrically conductive joining partners are used, for example, in the production of a vehicle battery, in which individual battery cells are electrically connected to one another via conductor plates. The integral connection is made, for example, by a welding process, with laser welding processes being used in particular. For the electrical connection of the battery cells, conductor sheets are welded onto their connection elements, known as poles or terminals. The conductor plates and the poles or terminals of the battery cells represent joining partners within the meaning of the invention. The quality of the bonded connection is of great importance and must therefore be checked during production. An important quality criterion here is the electrical resistance of the current-carrying material connection.

In order to determine the electrical resistance of a material-to-material connection or welded joint, it is known to impress a current profile into a respective material-to-material connection and to measure the voltage drop across the material-to-material connection. The current profile can be a current pulse, for example. The current resulting from the current profile is thus conducted through the connection point of the material connection, with the current path being selected such that the current flows from one of the joining partners through the material connection to the other joining partner. However, this means that when the joining partners are on top of each other, each of the two joining partners must be accessible for determining the electrical resistance of the material connection. This has various adverse effects on the design of the product.

In particular, to determine the electrical resistance of the material connection, it is necessary for the conductor plates arranged on the terminals of the battery cell to each have a hole so that the terminal of the battery cell underneath is accessible. The hole is necessary so that a measuring contact for feeding the current profiles and detecting the voltage drop can contact the terminal of the battery cell. Since the test is usually carried out with high currents in the range of several hundred amperes, a correspondingly large measuring range or a correspondingly large hole must be provided for contacting the battery cell terminal. The other measuring contact is placed on the side of the conductor plate facing away from the battery terminal.

Due to the requirement of having to provide a hole in the conductor plate, a correspondingly smaller area is available for the material connection. In addition to the area available for the material connection, the provision of the hole in the conductor plate means a significant restriction for the geometry of the material connection. The material connection can only be optimized to a limited extent in terms of current conduction, contact resistance and also mechanical strength. However, these are the properties that are important for the performance and longevity of the battery module.

Since the production tools have certain inaccuracies in the positioning of the measuring contacts, tolerances in the components to be assembled and manufacturing tolerances in the production process can have a disadvantageous effect on the assessment of the quality of the material connection. The measurement result achieved with the method described above is sensitive to these inaccuracies in positioning, since the resistances prevailing in the conductor plate and the battery terminal change when the position of the measuring contacts changes due to tolerances. As a result, the measurement result obtained from the current profile across the material connection can fluctuate and lead to a misinterpretation of the quality of the material connection. In the worst case, a good material connection is classified as faulty. Conversely, a faulty material connection can also not be recognized.

Other disadvantages are the high energy costs of the testing process, a high (thermal) load on the measuring contacts, the components to be tested heating up, a slow cycle rate and a high complexity of the contacting solution.

It is the object of the invention to specify a method with which the determination of a quality measure of a material connection between two electrically conductive joining partners arranged one on top of the other in a two-dimensional manner can be improved functionally and qualitatively.

This object is achieved by a method according to the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements result from the dependent claims.

A method for determining a quality measure of a material connection is disclosed suggest two electrically conductive joining partners arranged flat on top of each other. In the method, a current profile is impressed into the material connection and a voltage drop across the connection caused by the impressed current is determined via measuring contacts. The current profile can be a current pulse, but also any other current profile. The measure of quality of the material connection is determined from a specified relation between the current profile and the voltage drop. For example, the measure of quality of the material connection can be determined by a quotient of the voltage drop and the applied current.

The method is characterized in that the measuring contacts for impressing the current profile and determining the voltage drop are each connected to a surface of the second joining partner, the surface of which is accessible before and after the joining process. The measuring contacts are connected to the surface of the second joining partner at a distance from one another in a measuring direction. The term “connect” is understood to mean an electrical connection, so that the current profile can flow into the second joining partner via one of the measuring contacts and out of the second joining partner via the other of the measuring contacts. The integral connection of the two parts to be joined comprises at least a first section and a second section. In this case, the first and the second partial section of the material connection are arranged at a predetermined distance from one another in the measuring direction and are arranged or lying adjacent to a respective measuring contact. The first and the second section can be separate sections of the material connection. The first and the second sub-section can also be connected via further sub-sections of the material connection. The specified distance between the first section and the second section is selected in such a way that, with the impressed current profile, an electrical resistance that is formed in the second joining partner between the first section and the second section has a different value than the sum of the resistances through the first section, the second section and through a current path in the first joining partner, which is formed between the first section and the second section of the material connection.

The electrical resistance that is formed in the second joining partner between the first section and the second section can be greater than the sum of the resistances through the first section, the second section and through a current path in the first joining partner between the first section and the second section of the materially bonded connection is formed. This variant is advantageous for the robustness of the measurement. The method also works when the electrical resistance formed in the second joining partner between the first section and the second section is less than the sum of the resistances through the first section, the second section and through a current path in the first joining partner , which is formed between the first section and the second section of the material connection.

With the proposed method, the measuring current flows into and out of the material connection via only one surface of a joining partner. The associated voltage tap can also be measured via this one surface. With this measurement from one side, only part of the measuring current flows through the material connection. The current is thus divided according to the parallel connection of the joining partners. The better the joining partners are connected to one another via the first and second sections of the materially bonded connection, the lower the total voltage drop measured. As is known from the prior art, the quotient of the measured voltage drop and the applied current can be used as a resistance value to evaluate the “electrical quality” of the material connection.

The proposed measurement method has advantages for the design of the joining partners, since in particular the provision of a hole in one of the joining partners can be dispensed with. This also results in cost savings in production. In addition, the detection of welding defects is more reliable since the positioning accuracy of the measuring contacts is of secondary importance. The measurement method is therefore more robust than the procedure known from the prior art.

An expedient embodiment provides that the measuring contacts are each connected to the surface of the second joining partner that faces away from the first joining partner. In other words, the measuring contacts are connected to the same side of the joining partner.

A further expedient configuration provides that the first and the second partial section of the material connection are arranged in the measuring direction between the measuring contacts. This results in the series-parallel connection that is desired and required for determining the quality measure.

A further expedient embodiment provides that between the first subsection and the second subsection of the materially bonded connection a region that is not available for the materially bonded connection is provided. This area is required for manufacturing reasons for manufacturing the battery cell if the material connection for connecting the first and second joining partner connects the terminal of a battery cell and a conductor plate to one another. This area is not available for welding to the conductor plate. The area not available for the material connection is thus expediently surrounded by the area available for the material connection, so that the first and second sections span the area not available for the material connection in the measuring direction.

A further expedient configuration provides that the second joining partner completely covers or can cover the first joining partner. The first joining partner is expediently a terminal connection of a battery cell (also referred to as a pole). The second joining partner is expediently a conductor plate for the electrical interconnection of the battery cell.

The method according to the invention according to one or more exemplary embodiments is intended in particular for use in testing the resistance of an integral connection in a battery module, in particular for a motor vehicle. In this case, the battery module comprises at least one battery cell which has a terminal connection and is to be connected to a conductor plate.

• 1 eine Querschnittsdarstellung zweier übereinander angeordneter Fügepartner mit daran angesetzten Messkontakten zur Bestimmung eines Qualitätsmaßes einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung der zwei übereinander angeordneten Fügepartner gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
• 2 eine perspektivische, auseinandergezogene Darstellung der in 1 dargestellten Fügepartner;
• 3 ein elektrisches Ersatzschaltbild, das die Situation bei der Bestimmung des Qualitätsmaßes der stoffschlüssigen Verbindung in 1 illustriert;
• 4 eine Querschnittsdarstellung zweier übereinander angeordneter Fügepartner mit daran angesetzten Messkontakten zur Bestimmung eines Qualitätsmaßes einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung der zwei übereinander angeordneten Fügepartner gemäß der Erfindung;
• 5 eine perspektivische, auseinandergezogene Darstellung der in 4 dargestellten Fügepartner; und
• 6 ein elektrisches Ersatzschaltbild, das die Situation bei der Bestimmung des Qualitätsmaßes der stoffschlüssigen Verbindung in 4 illustriert.

Further refinements, features and advantages of the present invention are explained below in connection with the description of an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

• 1 a cross-sectional view of two joining partners arranged one above the other with measuring contacts attached thereto for determining a quality measure of an integral connection of the two joining partners arranged one above the other according to the prior art;
• 2 a perspective, exploded view of the in 1 shown joining partners;
• 3 an electrical equivalent circuit diagram that shows the situation when determining the quality of the material connection in 1 illustrated;
• 4 a cross-sectional representation of two joining partners arranged one above the other with measuring contacts attached thereto for determining a quality measure of an integral connection of the two joining partners arranged one above the other according to the invention;
• 5 a perspective, exploded view of the in 4 shown joining partners; and
• 6 an electrical equivalent circuit diagram that shows the situation when determining the quality of the material connection in 4 illustrated.

In order to determine the electrical resistance of a material connection between two parts to be joined, a current profile is impressed into the material connection and the voltage drop across the material connection is measured. The material connection can be produced, for example, by welding such as laser welding, friction welding, ultrasonic welding, etc. In principle, the current profile can be of any type, current pulses being used in particular. The current intensity impressed with the current profile in the integral connection can be in the range of several hundred amperes, with a voltage drop of a few microvolts to millivolts then being measurable across the integral connection.

In the previously known solutions, the current path is selected in such a way that the current flows from one joining partner through the integral connection (weld seam) to the other joining partner. The current is thus conducted through the integral connection or welded connection. If the joining partners are on top of each other, each of the two joining partners must be accessible.

Joining partners are, for example, a battery terminal of a battery cell and a conductor plate to be connected to the terminal. However, the procedure according to the invention is not limited to this application, but can in principle be used when testing any material connection. For the sake of simplicity, reference is made below to the example of a battery module with at least one battery cell, which is not to be regarded as limiting.

A large number of battery cells are mechanically connected and connected, for example, to form a battery module for use in an electrically operated vehicle. The battery cells can have a round or prismatic cross section, for example, in a plan view. During assembly, the battery cells are lined up and mechanically fixed using a frame or a carrier device. This creates a box with the top side open. In order to connect the battery cells electrically, conductive sheets, which subsequently represent the second joining partner FP2, are positioned on the terminals from above and welded, with the terminals or poles of the battery cells representing the first joining partner FP1. During the connection process, the conductor sheet as the second joining partner FP2 is pressed onto the respective pole as the first joining partner FP1 and welded using a laser beam.

In the 1 until 3 the current procedure for determining the quality measure of the material connection SV of the two electrically conductive joining partners FP1, FP2 arranged one on top of the other is shown. represented in 1 the first joining partner FP1 lying below the terminal of the battery cell, not shown in any more detail, which is provided for the electrical connection. The second joining partner FP2, which is arranged on the first joining partner FP1, represents the conductor plate that is to be connected to the first joining partner FP1 or is connected to it via the material connection SV.

The second joining partner FP2 has a cutout ML, so that in the area of the cutout ML a measuring area MB1 on the joining surface of the first joining partner FP1 can be contacted by a measuring contact MK1 designed as a measuring pin. The material connection SV, which at least partially extends through the second joining partner FP2 into the first joining partner FP1, is in an area SVB ( 2 ) formed, whereby the material connection may only be created in this area. Adjacent to the area SVB available for the welded connection, a measuring area MB2 is formed on the upper side of the second joining partner FP2, which is contacted by a second measuring contact MK2 designed as a measuring pin. A further area BMSK, which is reserved for the communication interface of the battery management system BMS, is shown adjacent to this area MB2.

Optionally, the first joining partner FP1, as in the 1 and 2 shown, have an area RVB that is not available for the material connection SV, e.g. for a rivet RV (see 1 and 2 ). The RVB area is optional and may not be present.

The electrical connection between the first and the second joining partner FP1, FP2 via the welded connection SV must primarily have the lowest possible resistance. This can be ensured, for example, by welding using a laser beam, but only a reduced/smaller area SVB is available for the welded connection SV due to the need to provide the cutout ML.

The contact resistances between the two joining partners FP1, FP2 are measured in such a way that the current profile as a measuring or test current I _mess is impressed via the first measuring contact MK1 into the measuring range MB1 of the joining partner FP1, which flows via the materially bonded connection SV to the other joining partner FP2 and flows out into the second measuring contact MK2 via the second measuring area MB2 of the second joining partner FP2. The voltage drop U _mess caused by the measuring current I _mess between the two measuring contacts MK1, MK2 is measured. This principle is in 3 visualized using the electrical equivalent circuit diagram.

This in 3 The electrical equivalent circuit diagram shown shows the resistance R _FP1 existing in the first joining partner FP1 (from the first measuring range MB1 to the materially bonded connection SV), the resistance R SV caused by the materially bonded connection _SV and the resistance R FP2 present in the second joining partner _FP2 (from the materially bonded connection SV up to the second measuring range MB2). The voltage drop Umess is measured across this chain of resistors. The resistance, which is determined from the quotient of the voltage drop Umess and the measurement current I _mess , corresponds to a summation of all three partial resistances R _FP1 , R _SV and R _FP2 .

Only the resistance R _SV dropping across the welded connection SV is important for quality assurance. If the positions of the measuring contacts MK1, MK2 on the measuring areas MB1, MB2 now vary due to tolerances in production, the resistances R _FP1 , R _FP2 also change. The measurement result thus fluctuates and can lead to a misinterpretation of the material connection and the welding process.

That in the 4 until 6 The inventive procedure shown eliminates these disadvantages just described. 4 again shows a cross-sectional representation of the joining partners FP1, FP2 which are arranged one above the other and are electrically connected via a welded connection SV. 5 shows the two joining partners FP1, FP2 in a perspective, exploded representation. 6 shows an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the electrical situation prevailing during quality testing.

The first joining partner FP1 - the terminal of the battery cell, not shown - is in accordance with the joining partner FP1 1 educated. He again, only optionally, does not show him area RVB available for the material connection, in which the already mentioned rivet RV is formed. The second joining partner FP2—the conductor sheet—does not have a cutout ML. Instead, the measuring areas MB1, MB2 for the two measuring contacts MK1, MK2 are formed on the upper side FP2O facing away from the joining partner FP1. The measuring current I _mess (see 6 ) is thus conducted into and out of the welded connection SV only via a (common) surface of the second joining partner FP2.

The integral connection is divided into a first subsection SV1 and a second subsection SV2, with the first and second subsections SV1, SV2 of the integral connection being arranged at a predetermined distance L from one another in the measuring direction X and adjacent to the respective measuring contacts MK1, MK2 are. The partial sections SV1, SV2 are preferably arranged in the measuring direction X between the measuring areas MB1, MB2 and the measuring contacts MK1, MK2. When measuring “from above”, only part of the measuring current I _mess then flows through the integral connection SV (consisting of the first section SV1 and the second section SV2).

In a preferred but not absolutely necessary variant, the specified distance L between the first section SV1 and the second section SV2 is selected in such a way that, with the applied measurement current I _mess , an electrical resistance R _FP2-2 , which is present in the second joining partner FP2 between the first subsection SV1 and the second subsection SV2 is greater than the sum of the resistances through the first subsection SV1 (R _SV1 ), the second subsection (R _SV2 ) and a current path in the first joining partner FP1, which is between the first subsection SV2 and the second section SV2 of the material connection is formed (R _FP1 ), that is: $${\text{R}}_{\text{FP2}-2}>{\text{R}}_{\text{SV1}}+{\text{R}}_{\text{FP1}}+{\text{R}}_{\text{SV2}}.$$

This relation of the inequality could also be chosen the other way around.

Thus, the measuring current I _mess is divided into two partial currents I _FP2 and I _FP , according to the parallel connection of the two joining partners FP1, FP2 (see Fig 6 ). The better the joining partners FP1, FP2 are connected to one another, the lower the overall measured voltage drop Umess, which is determined via the measuring contacts MK1, MK2 as described above. The quotient of the measured voltage drop Umess and the applied current intensity I _mess is used as a resistance value for the qualitative assessment of the electrical quality of the welded joint SV.

How better from the perspective view of the 5 As can be seen, the first and the second partial section SV1, SV2, which run essentially parallel and transverse to the measuring direction X, can optionally have further sections, such as those in FIG 4 illustrated converging legs. The geometries of these sections can also be selected differently and in doing so optimally utilize the areas SVB1, SVB2 available for the material connection. As is readily apparent, only the area RVB that is not available for welding is left open by the areas SVB12, SVB2. Although it appears in the exemplary embodiment shown that the areas SVB1, SVB2 available for the material connection have to be separated from one another, this is not mandatory. The legs running towards one another, which are connected to the respective partial sections SV1, SV2, could also be connected to one another. The available space could also be better utilized.

The above resistance relation of the proposed measurement method is important for its robustness, which is ensured on the one hand by the distance L and on the other hand by the materials of the joining partners FP1, FP2. Although the joining partners FP1, FP2 can consist of the same basic materials, the resistance ratio described can be ensured, for example, through slight differences in the material composition. This can also be influenced by the geometric dimensions, in particular the thickness of the joining partners FP1, FP2.

The resistance ratio ensures that at least one partial current I _FP1 flows through the first joining partner FP1 and thus the first and second subsections SV1, SV2 of the material connection and thus allows a qualitative assessment of the material connection with a high degree of robustness.

The measurement concept of the method is in 6 illustrated by the electrical equivalent circuit diagram. Since the resistance of the welded connection SV is measured purely via the surface FP2O of the second joining partner FP2, the recess ML ( 1 ) omitted in the second joining partner FP2. The measuring current I _mess is impressed from the measuring range MB1 to the measuring range MB2. Both measuring ranges MB1, MB2 lie on the surface FP2O of the second joining partner FP2.

The voltage drop Umess is the result of the series-parallel connection of partial resistances. Since the measuring current I _mess has to cover a small distance from the measuring range MB1 to reach the first subsection SV1 of the material connection SV, a resistance R _{FP2-1 results} . For the area covered between the first section SV1 and the second section SV2 in the second joining partner FP2, there is the already mentioned resistance R _FP2-2 , through which the partial current I _FP2 flows. From the second section SV2 until the second measuring range MB2 is reached, the resistance R _FP2-3 results in the second joining partner FP2.

$$I_{FP1}=I_{mess}\times \frac{R_{FP2-2}}{R_{SV1}+R_{SV2}+R_{FP1}}$$

For the current through which the partial current I _FP1 flows, the resistances R _SV1 result for the first section SV2, and the resistance R _FP1 for the section in the first joining partner FP1, which is formed between the first section SV1 and the second section SV2 of the material connection SV , and the resistance R SV2 resulting from the second section _SV2 . The measuring current I _mess is divided according to the formula for the current divider of a parallel connection as follows: $$I_{fP2}=I_{mess}\times \frac{R_{SV1}+R_{SV2}+R_{fP1}}{R_{fP2-2}}$$

$$I_{fP1}=I_{mess}\times \frac{R_{fP2-2}}{R_{SV1}+R_{SV2}+R_{fP1}}$$

A part of the measurement current I _mess , namely I _FP1 , thus flows through the first section SV1, the second section SV2 and the first joining partner FP1. The other part of the measuring current, namely I _FP2 , flows through the top joining partner FP2. The parallel circuit ends on the right-hand part of the welded connection SV, that is to say the second section SV2, and the total current I _mess flows through the second joining partner FP2 to the measuring area MB2.

The omission of the cutout ML in the second joining partner FP2 results in reliable fault detection and, in particular, in a high level of robustness. The distance between the measuring contacts MK1, MK2 for contacting in the measuring areas MB1, MB2 can be rigid. Although this results in changed resistance values for R _FP2-1 and R _FP2-3 , these are always constant overall. As a result, the measurement result cannot be disturbed by variations in the manufacturing process. This increases the reliability of quality assurance.

Reference List

FP1

first joining partner (battery terminal, battery pole)

FP2

second joining partner (conductor plate)

SV

material connection

SV1

first section of the material connection

SV2

second section of the material connection

SVB

area available for the material connection

SVB1

first area available for the material connection

SVB2

second area available for the material connection

MK1

first measuring contact (measuring pin)

MK2

second measuring contact (measuring pin)

MB1

first measuring range

MB2

second measuring range

RV

Fastener (Rivet)

ARB

Area not available for the material connection

BMSK

Battery management system communication interface area

ML

recess

L

predetermined distance

X

measuring direction

measure

voltage drop

imess

(measurement current) current profile

RFP1

Resistance of the current path in the first joining partner

RFP2

Resistance of the current path in the second joining partner

RFP2-1

Resistance of the current path in the first section of the second joining partner

RFP2-2

Resistance of the current path in the second section of the second joining partner

RFP2-3

Resistance of the current path in the third section of the second joining partner

RSV

Resistance of the current path in the material connection

RSV1

Resistance of the current path in the first section of the material connection

RSV2

Resistance of the current path in the second section of the material connection

Claims (8)

Method for determining a quality measure of an integral connection (SV) of two electrically conductive joining partners (FP1, FP2) arranged one on top of the other, in which - a current profile (I _mess ) is impressed into the integral connection (SV) and via measuring contacts (MK1, MK2). the voltage drop (U _mess ) caused by the impressed current across the connection (SV) is determined, and - the quality measure of the material connection (SV) is determined from a predetermined relation between the current profile (I _mess ) and the voltage drop (U _mess ), thereby characterized in that - the measuring contacts (MK1, MK2) for impressing the current profile and determining the voltage drop are each connected to a surface of the second joining partner (FP2), - the measuring contacts (MK1, MK2) are spaced apart from one another in a measuring direction (X). are connected to the surface of the second joining partner (FP2), the material connection (SV) of the two joining partners (FP1, FP2) comprises at least a first subsection (SV1) and a second subsection (SV2), the first and second subsections (SV1, SV2) of the material connection being arranged at a predetermined distance from one another in the measuring direction (X) and adjacent to a respective one Measuring contact (MK1, MK2) are arranged, - the predetermined distance between the first section (SV1) and the second section (SV2) is selected such that with the applied current profile (I _mess ) an electrical resistance (R _BL,2 ), which is formed in the second joining partner (FP2) between the first section (SV1) and the second section (SV2), has a different value than the sum of the resistances (R _SV,1 ; R _SV,2 , R _BT ) through the first section (SV1), the second section (SV2) and through a current path in the first joining partner (FP1) between the first section (SV1) and the second section (SV2) of the material connection (SV) is formed. procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that the measuring contacts (MK1, MK2) are each connected to the surface of the second joining partner (FP2) facing away from the first joining partner (FP1). procedure after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the first and the second section (SV1, SV2) of the integral connection (SV) are arranged in the measuring direction (X) between the measuring contacts (MK1, MK2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a region not available for the material connection is provided between the first section (SV1) and the second section (SV2) of the material connection (SV). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second joining partner (FP2) completely covers or can cover the first joining partner (FP1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first joining partner (FP1) is a terminal connection of a battery cell. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second joining partner (FP2) is a conductor plate for the electrical interconnection of the battery cell. Use of the method according to one of the preceding claims for testing the resistance of an integral connection in a battery module, in particular for a motor vehicle, the battery module comprising at least one battery cell having a terminal connection.

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