DE102020127245A1 - Extrusion technology for the formation of plastic preforms and throttle technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a throttle device for an extruder unit (4) or an extrusion device (1) and a throttle method. The throttle device (6) comprises one or more throttle pins (70, 71, 72), the dorsal end (73) of which can each be inserted into a melt passage (SP) of the extrusion device (1) in order to reduce the flow cross-section of the melt passage (SP). At least one throttle pin (70, 71, 72) is supported or fixed on a movable guide element (75, 76, 77) at the distal end in the axial direction of the throttle pin (70, 71, 72). The at least one guide element (75, 76, 77) is supported on a movable adjusting means (79, 80, 81) in an area (78) which is offset transversely to the axial direction of the throttle pin (70, 71, 72), so that a Movement of the adjusting means (79, 80, 81) can be converted into an axial movement of the throttle pin (70, 71, 72) by the guide element (75, 76, 77).

Description

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of tube formation from plastic melts for the purpose of extrusion.

In practice it is known to use an extruder tool to shape a plastic melt into tubular preforms with a wall thickness profile, i.e. with a locally variable wall thickness. The preforms can be further processed, for example, for the production of plastic bottles or plastic barrels or other hollow bodies.

The previously known extrusion techniques and extrusion devices are not optimally designed. In particular, they have the disadvantage that when a material or color is changed, residues of the previously processed material remain at passages leading to the melt at so-called dead spots. These residues can lead to contamination in or on the manufactured products for a long time after the change. On the other hand, the previously known extrusion techniques and extrusion devices are each limited to a specific type of wall thickness variation.

It is the object of the present invention to show an improved extrusion technique. The invention solves this problem by the characterizing features of the independent claims.

The extrusion technology according to the present disclosure comprises several aspects, each of which alone or in any combination make a contribution to the solution of the task and in particular allow a quick change of color or material while avoiding or greatly reducing impurities on the manufactured products, and a universal one Create the usability of an extrusion device for the production of preforms with a tubular basic shape. The disclosed extrusion technique includes a melt absorption technique, a tube formation technique, a profiling technique and a throttle technique. Each of these techniques includes an apparatus and an associated method.

The extrusion technology also includes device features and process features. The device and method features of the respective techniques are described below in common. A property, training or suitability disclosed for a respective device feature is also to be understood as a property, a process or an effect of the associated method feature and vice versa.

One aspect of the disclosure relates to a melt receiving device on an extrusion device or for an extrusion device or a melt receiving method as part of an extrusion method. The melt receiving device has a hollow guide body, in the cavity of which a melt passage is formed. A plastic melt can be introduced into the hollow guide body from one side (input side) in a flow direction or is introduced. In the cavity there is arranged a stirring body which tapers to a point in the flow direction of the plastic melt and which can be rotated or rotated about an axis of rotation. The melt passage has a cross section in the form of an annular gap on the inlet side of the melt receiving device between the guide body and the stirring body. On the exit side of the melt receiving device, the melt passage has a full-area cross-section.

The stirring body has a tip that is eccentric to the axis of rotation. The eccentricity of the tip creates additional mixing in the transition area between the annular gap and the full-area cross-section during a rotary movement of the agitator, so that the formation of a so-called dead water zone is greatly reduced or avoided.

A dead water zone is a local volume area in which there is a local negative pressure zone. Dead water zones often form in the direction of flow of a fluid behind a body that is flowing around or in the case of strong deflections of a fluid passage (here the melt passage) at the outer bend. In the case of plastic melts, the formation of a dead water zone can lead to certain portions of the melt being deposited or piling up there. These can in particular be fractions with a lower viscosity or a relatively increased lubricity. As a result of such deposits, an inhomogeneity of the plastic melt can be caused downstream of the dead water zone, which can result in locally different material properties such as different colors, different elasticities, different porosities, etc. in the extruded workpiece.

In the area in front of the tip in the direction of flow, the stirring body has a round or oval cross-section, or a cross-section with at least six corners (hexagon, heptagon, octagon, etc.). In particular, the stirring body can have a first section in the flow direction, which has the shape of a truncated cone or a truncated prism, and a second section which has the shape of a pointed cone or a pointed pyramid, the cone tip or pyramid tip being the tip of the stirring body. Corresponding the second body is preferably designed as an eccentric cone or an eccentric pyramid. The base of the truncated prism and / or the pyramid preferably has at least six corners.

In the case of the at least hexagonal cross-sectional shape, the formation of dead water zones is already considerably reduced compared to, for example, a quadrangular cross-sectional shape.

The melt receiving device according to the present disclosure or the melt receiving method thus results in an improved quality of the plastic articles and an increased process quality.

The melt receiving method is provided for receiving a plastic melt on an extrusion device and comprises the following steps: providing a melt receiving device with a hollow guide body and a stirring body arranged in the cavity of the guide body; Feeding the plastic melt in a melt passage on the input side of the receiving device between the guide body and the stirring body, the melt passage there having a cross section in the form of an annular gap; Directing the plastic melt through the melt passage to an exit side of the melt receiving device; Rotating the stirring body, the stirring body having an eccentric tip and the stirring movement of the eccentric tip homogenizing the melt flow directly downstream to the stirring body.

Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a tube formation device for an extrusion device or an associated tube formation method. The hose formation process is intended for the formation of a plastic melt flow and comprises the following steps: Providing a hose formation device ( 8th ) with at least one forming sleeve; Feeding the plastic melt flow with a substantially strand-shaped cross section to an input side of the at least one shaping sleeve; Shaping the melt flow within the at least one shaping sleeve into a tubular cross section.

The tube-forming device accordingly comprises at least one shaping sleeve which is designed or used to shape a supplied plastic melt flow from an essentially strand-shaped cross section into a tubular cross section. The shaping sleeve preferably has a guide passage which is embedded in the sleeve wall of the shaping sleeve, i.e. is arranged in an intermediate region between an inwardly pointing boundary contour of the shaping sleeve and an outwardly pointing boundary contour of the shaping sleeve. The guide passage is a cavity lying within the sleeve wall, which is preferably enclosed in a sealed manner with respect to the outer surfaces in the radial direction of the shaping sleeve. The guide passage is thus enclosed within the wall body of the shaping sleeve.

According to an alternative and previously known embodiment, there can be at least two adjacent shaping sleeves or shaping sleeves with a multi-part structure in which a guide passage is formed between two separate walls. There the passage is therefore not embedded in a wall, but rather formed by separate bodies in the free space between two separate walls. In other words, lies with the

alternative and previously known shaping sleeves have a guide passage in the plane of separation between two adjacent bodies, the outer contours of these adjacent bodies forming the boundary surfaces of the guide passage.

In contrast, in the case of the shaping sleeve according to the present aspect of the disclosure, the guide passage is formed by the inner contours of a single body.

By embedding a guide passage in the sleeve wall, joints running parallel to the flow direction of the plastic melt introduced can be largely or completely avoided within the tube forming device. In previously known hose-forming devices, deposits or excretions, in particular of melt constituents with a lower viscosity or increased wall adhesion, increasingly form at or in such joints. Such deposits or excretions can - analogously to the above explanations on dead water zones - loosen again from time to time. Local inhomogeneities can also be generated in the plastic melt through the formation and detachment of such deposits or accumulations from joints, which can lead to the aforementioned parasitic effects in the end product.

A tube-forming device or a tube-forming method according to the present aspect thus likewise contributes to improved manufacturing quality and process quality. In particular, it supports a quick change of color or material.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a profiling device for an extruder unit or a Extrusion device or an associated profiling process. The profiling (change in wall thickness) is provided and designed to locally change a wall thickness of a preform to be produced, in particular to introduce thickening or thinning of the wall thickness in sections.

The profiling device has a continuous melt passage and is designed to receive a plastic melt flow with a tubular cross section on the inlet side and also to release it on the outlet side with a tubular cross section. The profiling device has a base body with an outer part and an inner part, between which the melt passage is formed. The outer part and the inner part each have separate fastening structures on the input side. These are designed, on the one hand, to connect the outer part to an outer section of a hose-forming device (upstream in the flow direction of the plastic melt) and, on the other hand, to connect the inner part to an inner section of the hose-forming device. The outer part and the inner part have further separate fastening structures on the output side. These are designed to connect, on the one hand, the outer part to a nozzle body of a dispensing tool and, on the other hand, the inner part to a mandrel body of the dispensing tool.

The base body has at least one sliding section which is designed to either lengthen or shorten the outer part, or to lengthen or shorten the inner part, so that a relative position of the fastening structures on the outlet side can be set. The lengthening or shortening preferably takes place in the axial direction of the melt passage or in the axial direction of the profiling device and is the cause of a movement of the dispensing tool from which the actual change in wall thickness arises.

Since the nozzle body on the one hand and the mandrel body of a dispensing tool on the other hand can be arranged or arranged in the outlet-side fastening structures, a relative position between the nozzle body and the mandrel body is preferably also changed when the relative position of the outlet-side fastening structures is changed. This results (directly or indirectly) in a correspondingly changed width of the annular gap through which a plastic melt emerges on the outer face of the dispensing tool and thus a temporary increase or decrease in the volume of melt escaping per unit of time, which results in the desired increased or decreased wall thickness of the Preform links results.

The profiling device according to the present disclosure has the advantage that, depending on the design of a length changeability on the outer part, or on the inner part, or on the outer part and inner part, with the same dispensing tool, optionally a profiling exclusively by a nozzle body movement, a profiling exclusively by a mandrel body movement, or a profiling is made possible by a combination of nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement. It is therefore not necessary to design the dispensing tool or the nozzle body or the mandrel body specifically for a certain type of profiling. Thus, the dispensing tool can have a simplified structure. The profiling device can be combined with a plurality of differently shaped output tools, which are provided, for example, for different types of preforms, whereby a quick and easy tool change is made possible. In particular, extensive emptying of the melt passage is not necessary when changing tools. Accordingly, the melt flow can continue to be conveyed even after a short break in set-up times, so that the risk of separation processes caused by the dwell time is reduced.

Accordingly, the profiling device or the profiling method according to the present disclosure also makes a contribution to improving the melt homogeneity and an associated improved production quality.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a throttle device for an extrusion device or an extruder unit or an associated throttle method. The throttle device comprises one or more throttle pins, the dorsal end of which can each be inserted into a melt passage of the extrusion device or of the extruder unit in order to reduce the flow cross-section of the melt passage. A reduction in the flow cross-section leads to a reduction in the volume flow of a plastic melt that flows through the respective melt passage on the throttle pin. Min. a throttle pin is supported or fixed at the distal end in the axial direction of the throttle pin on a movable guide element. The at least one guide element is in turn supported on a movable adjusting means in an area which is offset transversely to the axial direction of the throttle pin, so that a movement of the adjusting means can be or is converted into an axial movement of the throttle pin by the guide element. The adjusting element can thus be arranged at least with a lateral offset to the throttle pin.

The throttling method according to the present disclosure is intended to influence the volume flow of a plastic melt which flows through a melt passage of an extrusion device or an extruder unit. It comprises at least the following steps: providing a throttle device with one or more throttle pins, the dorsal end of which can be introduced into a melt passage of the extrusion device or of the extruder unit in order to reduce the flow cross-section of the melt passage; For at least one throttle pin: providing a movable guide element and an adjusting means in such a way that a movement of the adjusting means can be converted by the guide element into an axial movement of the throttle pin; Moving the adjusting means in order to increase or decrease the volume flow of the melt at the connected throttle pin. A movable guide element and an actuating element can preferably be provided for a plurality and in particular each throttle pin, so that the volume flows of the plastic melts can be adjusted in a simple manner by a movement, in particular a screwing movement, of the actuating element.

According to a preferred embodiment, the throttle device comprises at least two throttle pins and associated guide elements and adjusting means. In this case, through a suitable choice and arrangement of the guide elements, the adjusting elements can be brought into a position relative to one another which is largely independent of the position of the throttle pins. In this way, on the one hand, the accessibility and, on the other hand, the clarity of the arrangement of the throttle pins can be improved. In this way, incorrect operation due to poor accessibility of the adjusting elements or a mix-up can be counteracted. Furthermore, a throttle device according to the present disclosure can also be quickly installed and removed for two or more melt passages to be throttled. Furthermore, calibration of the throttling when setting up production or when changing color or material is possible significantly faster and with a far lower susceptibility to errors, so that here too the risk of segregation processes caused by the dwell time is reduced. Accordingly, the throttle device according to the present disclosure also contributes to maintaining the highest possible homogeneity of the plastic melt and thus to achieving an improved production quality.

Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to an extruder unit for the production of preform lengths with a tubular wall from a plastic melt or to an associated method. The extruder unit can be arranged one or more times on an extrusion head and preferably comprises those components which are necessary for reshaping the plastic melt into a preform or which contribute to this.

1. 1. Ausbildung zur Profilierung ausschließlich durch eine Düsenkörperbewegung (Düsenkörper ist relativ zu statischen Dornkörper bewegbar oder bewegt);
2. 2. Ausbildung zur Profilierung ausschließlich durch eine Dornkörperbewegung (Dornkörper ist relativ zu statischen Düsenkörper bewegbar oder bewegt);
3. 3. Ausbildung zur Profilierung durch kombinierte oder alternative Düsenkörperbewegung und Dornkörperbewegung (Dornkörper und Düsenkörper sind aktiv bewegbar oder bewegt).

The extruder unit has a dispensing tool with a hollow nozzle body and a mandrel body that can be or is arranged in the nozzle body. A melt passage with a tubular cross section is formed between the inner contour of the nozzle body and the outer contour of the mandrel body and opens outwards at an annular gap (on an outer end face of the dispensing tool). The extruder assembly according to the present disclosure comprises a profiling device and / or a tube forming device and / or a throttle device according to the present disclosure. According to a preferred embodiment, the extruder unit comprises at least two different profiling devices, which can be connected alternately to the same dispensing tool and / or to the same hose-forming device. The several profiling institutions have at least two of the following types of training:

1. 1. Training for profiling exclusively through a nozzle body movement (nozzle body is movable or moved relative to static mandrel body);
2. 2. Training for profiling exclusively through a mandrel body movement (mandrel body is movable or moved relative to static nozzle body);
3. 3. Training for profiling by combined or alternative nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement (mandrel body and nozzle body are actively movable or moved).

An extruder unit with such a plurality of interchangeable profiling devices allows all types of profiling that are relevant in practice to be carried out as required with just one dispensing tool. Profiling by moving the nozzle body is particularly advantageous when a uniform inside diameter of a preform and / or free of interfering contours is desired or a special surface quality is to be achieved on the inside contour. Profiling by moving the mandrel body is advantageous if a uniform outer contour of a preform free of interfering contours is desired or a particularly high surface quality is desired on the outer contour. A combination of nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement is advantageous when particularly complex wall profiles are desired. A particularly broad applicability of the extruder unit is thus achieved.

According to a preferred embodiment variant, the fastening structures of the plurality of profiling devices have a matching interface geometry and thus form modules that can be freely combined with one another. Correspondingly uniform interface geometries are preferably also provided on the output side of two or more exchangeable hose-forming devices and / or on the input side of two or more exchangeable dispensing tools.

Another aspect of the disclosure relates to an extrusion device which comprises at least one melt receiving device according to the present disclosure and an extruder unit according to the present disclosure, which are connected via a melt passage.

• • Ausbildung zur Profilierung ausschließlich durch eine Düsenkörperbewegung;
• • Ausbildung zur Profilierung ausschließlich durch eine Dornkörperbewegung;
• • Ausbildung zur Profilierung durch kombinierte oder alternative Düsenkörperbewegung und Dornkörperbewegung.

The extrusion device preferably further comprises a movement device which is designed to actuate at least one and preferably a plurality of profiling devices of the extruder unit. Alternatively or additionally, the movement device can be designed to operate two of the following types of profiling devices, in particular to operate them alternately:

• • Training for profiling exclusively through a nozzle body movement;
• • Training for profiling exclusively through a mandrel body movement;
• • Training for profiling through combined or alternative nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement.

Further advantageous embodiments of the aspects according to the disclosure emerge from the subclaims, the attached drawings and the following detailed description.

• 1: Den Verlauf einer verzweigten Schmelzepassage durch eine Extrusionsvorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Offenbarung;
• 2: eine Explosionsdarstellung einer Extrusionsvorrichtung in einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante;
• 3: eine vergrößerte Darstellung einer Schmelzepassage innerhalb eines Extruderaggregats;
• 4: eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer Schmelze-Aufnahmevorrichtung;
• 5-6: eine Explosionsdarstellung und eine Schnittdarstellung einer Schlauchbildungsvorrichtung;
• 7: eine Schnittdarstellung einer alternativen Ausführungsform einer Schlauchbildungsvorrichtung;
• 8-11: Schnittdarstellungen eines Extruderaggregats einerseits mit einer Profilierungseinrichtung zur Düsenkörperbewegung und andererseits einer Profilierungseinrichtung zur Dornkörperbewegung;
• 12: schematische Vergleichsdarstellungen von Vorformlingen mit einer Wandprofilierung;
• 13: eine isolierte Schnittdarstellung eines Ausgabewerkzeugs;
• 14-19: verschiedene Darstellungen zur Erläuterung einer Drosseleinrichtung in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsvarianten;
• 20-21: eine perspektivische Schnittdarstellung einer Schmelze-Zuführeinrichtung mit integrierter Schmelze-Aufnahmevorrichtung;
• 22-23: eine Explosionsdarstellung und eine Schrägansicht einer Profilierungseinrichtung zur Düsenkörperbewegung mit Ausgabewerkzeug;
• 24-25: Darstellungen analog zu 22 und 23 betreffend eine Profilierungseinrichtung zur Dornkörperbewegung;
• 26-29 Darstellungen einer Formgebungshülse eine Schlauchbildungsvorrichtung mit mehreren in die Wandung eingebetteten Schmelzepassagen.
• 30A+B: Bevorzugt Ausführungsvarianten eines Rührkörpers in Einzeldarstellung, oben im Schrägbild, unten in Draufsicht entlang der Drehachse.

The invention is shown schematically and by way of example in the drawings. These show:

• 1 : The course of a branched melt passage through an extrusion device according to the present disclosure;
• 2 : an exploded view of an extrusion device in a second variant;
• 3 : an enlarged view of a melt passage within an extruder unit;
• 4th : a schematic sectional view of a melt receiving device;
• 5-6 : an exploded view and a sectional view of a tube forming device;
• 7th : a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a hose formation device;
• 8-11 : Sectional views of an extruder unit on the one hand with a profiling device for moving the nozzle body and on the other hand with a profiling device for moving the mandrel body;
• 12th : schematic comparative representations of preforms with a wall profile;
• 13th Figure 8 is an isolated cross-sectional view of a dispensing tool;
• 14-19 : various representations to explain a throttle device in different design variants;
• 20-21 : a perspective sectional view of a melt supply device with an integrated melt receiving device;
• 22-23 : an exploded view and an oblique view of a profiling device for nozzle body movement with a dispensing tool;
• 24-25 : Representations analogous to 22nd and 23 relating to a profiling device for moving the mandrel body;
• 26-29 Representations of a shaping sleeve, a tube-forming device with a plurality of melt passages embedded in the wall.
• 30A + B: Preferred embodiment variants of a stirring body in individual representation, above in an oblique image, below in plan view along the axis of rotation.

1 shows a schematic representation of the essential components of an extrusion device ( 1 ) according to the present disclosure with emphasis on the melt passage ( SP ) through which a plastic melt is passed. The Melt Passage ( SP ) extends in 1 starting from a melt receiving device ( 2 ) through a distributor ( 3 ) via a diversion ( 5 ) by a throttle device ( 6th ). Then the melt passage extends ( SP ) via a branch ( 7th ) by a tube forming device ( 8th ), a profiling device ( 9 ) and the output tool ( 10 ).

In the example of 1 has the extrusion device ( 1 ) an extrusion head ( 12th ) with a melt distributor ( 3 ), which branches a supplied melt stream into a total of 7 substreams, each of which is assigned to a separate extruder unit ( 4th ) are supplied. An extrusion head contains at least one and preferably two or more extruder units ( 4th ). The extrusion head is preferred Surrounded by a free space at the output end.

An extrusion device ( 1 ) according to the present disclosure and in particular its extrusion head ( 12th ) preferably comprises a modular structure with standardized interfaces. The melt distributor ( 3 ) can optionally have two, three, four, five, six, seven or any other number of discharging melt passages ( SP ) exhibit. Every evacuating melt passage ( SP ) from the melt distributor ( 3 ) exactly one extruder unit can be assigned. Alternatively, a plurality of extruder units can be assigned to a discharging melt passage, which extruder units can be connected in a melt-conducting manner, for example via a tool changing device, and can be operated simultaneously or alternately.

The several extruder units ( 4th ) can have the same structure or a different structure. A blow mold (so-called cavity, not shown), for example, can be arranged or connected on the output side of an extruder unit. In a blow mold, a preform can be expanded by introducing a pressurized fluid until the plastic rests against the wall of the blow mold and thus obtains its final shape (in the hot state). The blow mold is preferably designed as a negative shape for the intended final shape of the product to be produced (possibly plus a shrinkage allowance).

The number of extruder units ( 4th ) can be chosen arbitrarily. In particular, an extruder device can have one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or any higher number of extruder units ( 4th ) exhibit. The melt distributor ( 3 ) can accordingly provide a different number of branches.

In the following - purely for the sake of simplicity - it is assumed that a plurality of extruder units with the same structure ( 4th ) exists, each including a diversion ( 5 ), a refusal ( 7th ), a tube forming device ( 8th ), a profiling device ( 9 ) and an output tool ( 10 ). I.

Each of the components of the extrusion device ( 1 ) or an extruder unit ( 4th ) is designed to conduct a plastic melt flow and has a melt passage ( SP ), which is part of the in 1 overall melt passage shown ( SP ) is. Correspondingly, each component has an input side, on which a plastic melt flow is or can be supplied, and an output side, on which the plastic melt flow can be or is given off to a subsequent component or to the outside. The direction of flow ( FR ) the plastic melt extends from a melt feed device (cf. 4th , 20th and 21 ) by a melt receiving device ( 2 ), optionally a melt distributor ( 3 ), optionally a redirection ( 5 ) preferably a throttle device ( 6th ), at least one hose formation device ( 8th ), a profiling device ( 9 ) and an output tool ( 10 ).

In addition, a branch ( 7th ) should be provided, which is preferably upstream of a tube forming device 8th ) is arranged or a component of the hose formation device ( 8th ) forms.

In 2 are the aforementioned components of an extrusion device ( 1 ) shown in an exploded view. The extrusion device shown here ( 1 ) has three separate melt receiving devices ( 2 ), with three separately arranged melt passages ( SP ) are connected to convey three different plastic melt flows. Alternatively, two, four or a different number of melt passages and plastic melt flows could also be provided.

In the example of 2 are in the melt distributor ( 3 ) each of the melt passages ( SP ) branched into three sub-strands. One partial strand from each melt passage ( SP ) is an extruder unit ( 4th ) supplied. Within an extruder unit ( 4th ) a throttle device is preferred ( 6th ) is provided, which is designed to throttle a partial flow to each of the three melt passages.

In the tube forming device ( 8th ) the three separate plastic melt flows are each guided and shaped in such a way that they have a tubular cross-section ( QT ) received and merged. The respective melt passages ( SP ) with a tubular cross-section ( QT ) lie inside each other in the shape of a shell and lead into a common position-forming section ( 28 ) (see. 6th and 7th ). After the merging, there is a melt passage with a tubular cross-section, in which the plastic melts are arranged in a shell-like manner and are connected to one another. This collective melt flow is sent to the profiling device ( 9 ) and the output tool ( 10 ) supplied.

In the above example according to 2 three separate melt passages were provided, corresponding to three shell-like surrounding plastic melt flows in the tube forming device ( 8th ) can be shaped. Alternatively, only two plastic melt streams or a different number of plastic melt streams can be provided, the two or one other number of shell-shaped surrounding melt streams are reshaped.

3 shows an enlarged sectional view of a melt passage ( SP ) within an extruder unit ( 4th ) for a single plastic melt flow. The Melt Passage ( SP ) has a strand-shaped cross-section on the inlet side, which is optionally formed by a branch ( 7th ) is divided into two or more partial passages. The plastic melt is fed to a shaping section of the tube forming device ( 8th ) and there in a Schmelpassage ( SP ) with a tubular cross-section ( QT ) transformed. Inside the tube forming device ( 8th ) according to 3 two, three or more of the above-mentioned shell-like surrounding melt passages ( SP ) with a tubular cross-section ( QT ) should be provided in the exit area of the hose forming device ( 8th ) are merged into a collective flow.

4th , 20th and 21 show a melt receiving device ( 2 ) according to the present disclosure. It includes a hollow guide body ( 13th ), in its cavity ( 14th ) a melt passage ( SP ) is formed.

In the cavity ( 14th ) is a pointed stirring body ( 15th ) arranged. The stirring body ( 15th ) is around an axis of rotation ( 16 ) rotatable. The direction of flow ( FR ) the plastic melt is shown in the illustrations from right to left.

The inner contour of the hollow guide body initially has a wide cylinder section in the flow direction of the melt ( 102 ), in which a first part of the stirring body ( 15th ) is arranged, as well as a funnel section below, in which at least another part of the stirring body ( 15th ) is arranged. The inner contour preferably points downstream to the funnel section ( 103 ) continues to have a narrow section of the cylinder that is not connected to the stirring body ( 15th ) overlaps. In the wide cylinder section ( 102 ) the screw conveyor ( 19th ) be arranged.

The Melt Passage ( SP ) has on the inlet side between the guide body ( 13th ) and the agitator ( 15th ) a cross-section ( Q1 ) in the form of an annular gap. On the output side of the holding device ( 2 ), i.e. with entry into the narrow cylinder section, the melt passage ( SP ) a full-area cross-section ( Q2 ), especially a full-circle cross-section.

In the direction of flow are between the wide cylinder section ( 102 and the funnel section ( 103 ) AND / OR between the funnel section ( 103 ) and the narrow cylinder section ( 104 ) preferred angle transitions ( WA , WB ) provided, which diverts the flow direction ( FR ) by a maximum of 45 ° (angular degrees), in particular less than 30 ° (angular degrees) - compare 4th . In this way, dead water zones on the outer circumference of the melt flow are avoided.

The stirring body ( 15th , 15 ' ) has a round or oval cross-section or a cross-section with at least six corners. 30A and 30B show preferred versions of the stirring body ( 15th , 15 ' ) in the upper area in an oblique view and below in a plan view along the axis of rotation ( 16 ).

The end section (second section) of the stirring body ( 15th , 15 ' ) has the eccentric tip ( 17th ), which is the tip of an eccentric cone ( 99 ) or an eccentric and preferably at least 6-sided pyramid ( 99 ' ) is trained. Upstream in the direction of flow is a further section (first section) of the stirring body ( 15th , 15 ' ), which has the shape of a truncated cone ( 98 ) or a preferably at least 6-sided truncated pyramid ( 98 ' ) Has. The base / cross-sectional area ( 27 ) of the agitator ( 15th ) or the eccentric cone ( 99 ) and the truncated cone ( 98 ) is oval or round. The base / cross-sectional area ( 27 ) of the agitator ( 15 ' ) or the eccentric pyramid ( 99 ' ) and the truncated pyramid ( 98 ' ) is a polygon and has at least six corners.

Due to the round or oval cross-section ( 27 , 27 ') of the stirring body ( 15th ) or the at least hexagonal cross-section, obtuse-angled surface transitions ( IF ) in the circumferential direction ( UR ) of the agitator ( 15 ' ) generated or acute-angled surface transitions avoided. It has been shown that with acute-angled surface transitions there are dead water zones in the flank area of the agitator ( 15th , 15 ' ), which in the circumferential direction ( UR ) lie in the wake of the acute-angled transition. Such dead water zones are in the agitator body ( 15th , 15 ' ) according to the present almost completely avoided or significantly reduced.

The stirring body ( 15th ) is aligned in such a way that its tapering end or tip ( 17th ) is located on the downstream side. In other words, the stirring body ( 15th ) (precisely) an area which tapers to a point at the rear in the direction of flow of the plastic melt, the end section of which forms the “tip” (17). As explained above, the rotational movement of the eccentrically arranged tip ( 17th ) the formation of a dead water zone directly in the wake of the agitator ( 15th , 15 ' ) can be avoided or prevented.

The radial distance ( DR ) the top ( 17th ) opposite the axis of rotation ( 16 ) is preferably at least 7.5%, in particular 10-15% of the inner diameter ( DI ) of the annular gap ( 17th ).

The radial distance ( DR ) should also not be chosen too large, in particular not more than 20% of the inner diameter ( DI ) of the annular gap ( 17th ), because otherwise the effect of the eccentricity will decrease again.

The formation of the agitator body ( 15th , 15 ' ) with a first section ( 98 , 98 ' ) and a second section ( 99 , 99 ' ) allows the melt to flow in the direction of flow before reaching the tip ( 17th ) and at the transition between the first and the second section a circumferential edge ( 100 , 100 ' ) should be provided that the ring-shaped melt passage ( SP ) locally tapered and thus to a local compression and thus to a relative negative pressure zone in the flow course directly after the edge ( 100 , 100 ' ) leads. This negative pressure zone is created as a result of the rotary movement of the agitator ( 15th , 15 ' ) and the eccentric shape of the second section is not homogeneous, but shows locally stronger and weaker pressure levels, which are shifted according to the rotary movement of the stirring body. On the other hand, the circumferential edge ( 100 , 100 ' ) preferably in the direction of flow at the height or directly at the entrance of the funnel section ( 103 ) of the guide body ( 13th ) - compare 4th and 30A , 30B .

It has been shown that the combination of the eccentric tip of the stirring body with the edge ( 100 , 100 ' ) supports a particularly good detachment behavior of the melt, so that when changing from a first melt material to a second melt material, only extremely short periods of time have to be waited for in which a mixture is released which includes both the first and the second melt material. Changes in the configuration of a manufacturing process can thus be made with particularly short changeover times and a minimization of the material-related scrap.

The provision of a first section ( 98 , 98 ' ) with the shape of a truncated pyramid or a truncated cone in the direction of flow upstream to the second section ( 99 , 99 ' ) leads to a gentle deflection of the melt as it passes the stirring body ( 15th ). This effect can complement each other positively with the gentle deflection of the melt flow at the funnel section ( 103 ). Thus, the fluid-conducting transition from the annular gap (cross-section Q1 in 4th ) into the full-area passage cross-section (cross-section Q2 in 4th ) are free of dead water zones.

The melt receiving device ( 2 ) is preferably on the inlet side with a melt feed device ( 18th ) or in the melt feed device ( 18th ) integrated. This is in 20th and 21 explained. The melt feed device ( 18th ) can have any structure. In particular, it can be a screw conveyor or extruder screw ( 19th ), through which the plastic melt is subjected to a conveying pressure and moved. In the example of 20th and 21 a multi-zone screw is shown, which is a preferred variant. It has a plasticizing section ( PA ) and a homogenization section ( HA ) on. On the inlet side of the melt feed device ( 18th ), for example, plastic granules can be fed in, which run along the screw ( 19th ) is melted, mixed and conveyed. The plastic granulate can be a mixture of different plastics, coloring agents and any additives.

On the outlet side or on the one in the direction of flow ( FR ) the plastic melt at the end of the screw ( 19th ) is preferably the stirring body ( 15th ) connected and in particular used or integrated. In this way a rotational movement of the screw ( 19th ) the rotary motion of the agitator ( 15th ) cause.

6th to 7th and 26th to 29 show different design variants of a tube forming device ( 8th ). The tube forming device ( 8th ) comprises at least one and preferably several shaping sleeves ( 21a , 21b , 21c ), which are designed to produce a supplied plastic melt flow from a substantially strand-shaped cross-section ( QS ) into a tubular cross-section ( QT ) to shape. For this purpose guide passages ( 23 ) provided, which the outer contour of the melt passage ( SP ) limit.

5 shows an exploded view of three shaping sleeves ( 21a ' , 21b ' , 21c ' ) according to an alternative and previously known variant in which the shaping sleeves ( 21a ' , 21b ' , 21c ' ) in one housing ( 20 ' ) can be used or recorded. The inner wall of the housing ( 20 ' ) here forms part of a guide passage ( 23 ' ).

As can be seen from the sectional view in 6th results is a first outer guide passage ( 23 ' ) between the inner contour of the housing ( 20th ) and an outer contour of an outer shaping sleeve ( 21a ' ) educated. A second and in this case middle guide passage ( 23 ' ) is between the radially inwardly whitening outer contour of the outer shaping sleeve ( 21a ' ) and the outer contour of an adjacent shaping sleeve, here the intermediate shaping sleeve ( 21b ' ) educated. Another, here inner guide passage ( 23 ' ) is between the radially inwardly whitening outer contour of the intermediate shaping sleeve ( 21b ' ) and the outer contour of another adjacent shaping sleeve, here the inner shaping sleeve ( 21c ' ) educated. So every passage in the guide is summarized ( 23 ' ) through the outer contours of two adjacent shaping sleeves ( 21a ' , 21b ', 21c ') or through the housing ( 22 ' ) limited.

At the outlet ends of the shaping sleeves ( 21 ' ) is a ply formation section ( 28 ) arranged in which the several guide passages ( 23 ) open into a collecting passage. The plastic melt flows from the respective guide passages are superimposed in the collecting passage ( 23 ' ) to a collective flow that flows through a melt passage ( SP ) with a tubular cross-section ( QT ) can be transferred to a follow-up component.

7th FIG. 11 shows a preferred embodiment variant of a hose-forming device designed and preferred according to one aspect of the present disclosure ( 8th ). Here, too, there is at least one and preferably several shaping sleeves ( 21a , 21b , 21c ) are provided, which are designed to generate a supplied plastic melt flow from a substantially strand-shaped cross-section ( QS ) into a tubular cross-section ( QT ) to shape. In this version, the shaping sleeves ( 21a , 21b , 21c ) but a sleeve wall ( 22nd ), in each of which a guide passage ( 23 ) is embedded. The guide passage is therefore within the sleeve wall ( 23 ) and not next to the sleeve wall, as in 6th . In contrast to the examples of the 5 and 6th is a guide passage ( 23 ) in the example according to 8th i.e. not between the outer boundary contours of two adjacent shaping sleeves or a shaping sleeve and an outer housing ( 20 ' ), but each within the wall of a single shaping sleeve ( 21a , 21b , 21c ).

26th to 29 show a further design of a single shaping sleeve ( 21 ), in the wall of which ( 22nd ) several separate guide passages ( 23a , 23b , 23c ) are embedded. The embedding of at least one guide passage ( 23 , 23a , 23b , 23c ) within the wall ( 22nd ) a shaping sleeve ( 21a , 21b , 21c ) has several advantages.

On the one hand, only a single component is necessary to create a guide passage ( 23 ) or even several guide passages ( 23a , 23b , 23c ) to build. If different types of execution of guide passages are required or desired, only one component needs to be exchanged for a change. Furthermore, the sealing of the guide passages is much easier. In particular, in an inlet-side section of a guide passage ( 23 ) No joints or contact points that are essentially oriented along the direction of flow are necessary, at which deposits or accumulations could possibly form.

Furthermore, more complex shapes for the guide passages ( 23 ) possible, in which, in particular, a relative to the axial direction ( AF ) of the guide cylinder ( 21 ) inner and outer boundary contour of the guide passage ( 23 ) have any shape.

According to a preferred embodiment, the guide passage ( 23 ) a spiral section ( 26th ), which has several helical passages ( 27 ) includes. The helical passages ( 27 ) can along the axial direction ( AF ) initially lie next to each other from the input side to the output side and then come closer and closer together so that they merge into one another. In other words, the guide passage ( 23 ) form a spiral distribution in the input-side area.

Alternatively or additionally, one or more spiral sections ( 26th ) in a central area along the axial direction ( AF ) be provided, and be combined, for example, with a heart curve distribution in the entrance area.

The guide passage ( 23 ) preferably has a spiral section ( 26th ), which comprises several helical turns, the cross-sectional contour of which (with respect to the axial direction ( AF ) the shaping sleeve ( 21 )) is delimited on both sides in the radial direction, ie towards the inside and outside, by a convex contour, in particular by a (section-wise) circular contour or an elliptical contour. It has been found that such a shape of the guide passage has a positive influence on the homogeneity of the plastic melt conveyed, in particular compared to an in 5 and 6th Shaped shape shown, in which a cross-sectional contour is limited in the radial direction at least on one side by a flat or linear contour.

• - ein Überlaufen von Schmelze zwischen den an sich getrennten Schmelzepassagen (durch thermische Weitung von Dichtungsspalten), oder
• - eine Veränderung des Schmelzepassagen-Volumens (durch eine stärkere Expansion einer äußeren Formgebungshülse gegenüber einer benachbarten inneren Formgebungshülse), oder
• - eine Einlagerung von Materialresten in Dichtungsspalten, die zu späteren Verunreinigungen führen.

A shaping sleeve ( 21 ) according to 26th to 29 which, as a one-piece body, have a plurality of guide passages ( 23a , 23b , 23c ) and in particular all guide passages ( 23a , 23b , 23c ), the guide passages ( 23a , 23b , 23c ) within the sleeve wall ( 22nd ) are embedded passages has particular advantages. It can have a common sealing contour on the input side and / or the output side. Furthermore, it shows an essentially uniform Deformation behavior (especially due to thermal expansion / shrinkage). During the operation of the extrusion device ( 1 ) there are fewer parasitic effects, such as

• - An overflow of melt between the separate melt passages (due to thermal expansion of sealing gaps), or
• - a change in the melt passage volume (due to a greater expansion of an outer shaping sleeve compared to an adjacent inner shaping sleeve), or
• - A storage of material residues in sealing gaps, which lead to later contamination.

Thus, the aforementioned design is also particularly advantageous in order to enable a quick change of material, to increase the product quality and to increase the process quality.

8th to 11 as well as 22 to 25 show different views of a profiling device ( 9 ), which can be designed on the one hand for a nozzle body movement and on the other hand for a mandrel body movement. The profiling device ( 9 ) is intended and designed in an extruder unit ( 4th ) to be used in accordance with the present disclosure, in particular in a section of the melt passage ( SP ) between a tube forming device ( 8th ) and an output tool ( 10 ). The output tool ( 10 ) is in 13th shown separately in a sectional view. It includes a hollow nozzle body ( 60 ) and one in the nozzle body ( 60 ) arrangable or arranged mandrel body ( 61 ). Depending on the type of training of the profiling institution ( 9 ) is either (exclusively) the nozzle body ( 60 ), or (exclusively) the mandrel body ( 61 ), or both the nozzle body ( 60 ) as well as the mandrel body ( 61 ) movable. The movement is preferably parallel to an axial direction of the dispensing tool ( 10 ). Between the inner contour of the nozzle body ( 60 ) and the outer contour of the mandrel body ( 61 ) is a melt passage ( SP ) with a tubular cross-section ( QT ) educated. The Melt Passage ( SP ) opens into an annular gap ( 63 ) outward. The width of the annular gap is determined by the relative movement between the nozzle body ( 60 ) and mandrel body ( 61 ) adjustable. When the nozzle body ( 60 ) relative to the statically positioned mandrel body ( 61 ) is moved, the outer contour of the annular gap changes ( 63 ) or a profile is created on the outer contour, which is exemplified in 10 is shown. While the tubular plastic melt flow on the inside is essentially unchanged over the mandrel body ( 61 ) emerges, its outer support is provided by an upward or downward movement of the nozzle body ( 61 ) subject to influence. Accordingly, the in 12th Illustrated profiling on the outer contour of a preform, which is formed from a section of the exiting tube made of plastic melt.

If, on the other hand, the mandrel body ( 61 ) relative to a statically positioned nozzle body ( 60 ) moves, the inner contour of the annular gap changes ( 63 ), or there is a profiling on the inner contour. In this case, the plastic melt flows out essentially unchanged on the outer contour, while it flows out on the inner contour due to the movement of the mandrel body ( 61 ) is influenced. Accordingly, an in 12th Wall thickness change illustrated on the right side more on the inside of the preform ( 64 ) instead of.

In an alternative embodiment variant (not shown), the principles of the nozzle body movement and the mandrel body movement can be provided jointly. All of the features described below for the respective profiling devices for the nozzle body movement and the mandrel body movement can be used in any combination.

The profiling device according to the present disclosure is shown in FIG 8th and 9 shown in an enlarged sectional view. It has a basic body ( 40 ) with an outer part ( 41 ) and an inner part ( 42 ) on. The outer part ( 41 ) is in the 8th and 9 (together with the nozzle body ( 60 )) shown in wide hatching, while the inner part ( 42 ) (together with the mandrel body ( 61 ), are shown with close hatching.

Between the outer part ( 41 ) and the inner part ( 42 ) is the melt passage ( SP ) with a tubular cross-section ( QT ), into which a plastic melt flow and in particular that from the tube forming device ( 8th ) collective flow can be introduced.

The outer part ( 41 ) and the inner part ( 42 ) each have separate fastening structures on the input side ( 44 , 45 ). An entry-side fastening structure ( 44 ) on the outer part is designed to hold the outer part ( 41 ) with an outer section ( 29 ) the tube forming device ( 8th ) connect to. The fastening structure on the entrance side ( 45 ) on the inner part ( 42 ) is designed to hold the inner part ( 42 ) with an inner section ( 30th ) the tube forming device ( 8th ) connect to. The fastening structures on the entrance side ( 44 , 45 ) are therefore designed to have the outer part ( 41 ) with the outer section ( 29 ) the tube forming device ( 8th ) and on the other hand the inner part ( 42 ) with the inner section ( 30th ) the tube forming device ( 8th ) connect to.

The outer part ( 41 ) and the inner part ( 42 ) have additional fastening structures (46, 47 ) on. A mounting structure on the output side ( 46 ) of the outer part is designed to hold the outer part ( 41 ) with the nozzle body ( 60 ) of the output tool ( 10 ) connect to. The mounting structure on the output side on the inner part ( 42 ) is designed to hold the inner part ( 42 ) with the mandrel body ( 61 ) of the output tool ( 10 ) connect to. In other words, the mounting structures on the output side ( 46 , 47 ) designed to use the outer part ( 41 ) with the nozzle body ( 60 ) of the output tool ( 10 ) and on the other hand the inner part ( 42 ) with the mandrel body ( 61 ) of the output tool ( 10 ) connect to.

The outer part ( 41 ) and the inner part ( 42 ) can each be designed in several parts and in particular each have an input-side partial body ( 41a , 42a ) and a partial body on the output side ( 41b , 42b ) exhibit.

The basic body ( 40 ) the profiling device ( 9 ) has a sliding section ( 48 ), which is designed to hold the outer part ( 41 ) to lengthen or shorten, in particular by being able to move between the input-side part of the outer part ( 41a ) and the output-side partial body of the outer part ( 41b ).

Alternatively or additionally, the main body ( 40 ) a sliding section ( 48 ' ), which is designed to hold the inner part ( 42 ) to lengthen or shorten, in particular by being able to move between the input-side part of the inner part ( 42a ) and the output-side partial body of the inner part ( 42b ).

By lengthening or shortening the outer part ( 41 ) or the inner part ( 42 ) it can thus be achieved that a relative position of the fastening structures on the output side ( 46 , 47 ) is adjustable or is set. This change in the relative position of the fastening structures ( 46 , 47 ) are the connected nozzle body ( 60 ) and the connected mandrel body ( 61 ) movable relative to one another, so that the profiling described above can be or will be generated by nozzle body movement or mandrel body movement.

A sliding section ( 48 , 48 ' ) can have any training.

A sliding section ( 48 ) which is used for profiling by moving the nozzle body on the outer part ( 41 ) is arranged, separates the outer part ( 41 ) into the input-side partial body ( 41a ) and the output-side partial body ( 41b ), which are movable and in particular displaceable to one another in the axial direction. The input-side partial body ( 41a ) and the output-side partial body ( 41b ) together form an outer contour of the melt passage ( SP ) within the profiling device.

A sliding section ( 48 ' ) to be profiled by a mandrel body movement on the inner part ( 42 ) is arranged, separates the inner part ( 42 ) into the input-side partial body ( 42a ) and the output-side partial body ( 42b ) which are movable and in particular displaceable to one another in the axial direction. The input-side partial body ( 42a ) and the output-side partial body ( 42b ) together form an inner contour of the melt passage ( SP ) within the profiling device ( 9 ).

In the 8th to 11 are the sub-bodies on the outlet side ( 41b , 42b ) from the outer part ( 41 ) or inner part ( 42 ) with a bold outline. The respective sliding section ( 48 , 48 ' ) is highlighted by a dashed box. The output-side partial body ( 41b , 42b ) is the movable section of the outer part ( 41 ) or inside part ( 42 ).

A movement of the output-side partial bodies ( 41b , 42b ) can be brought about in any way, preferably by an external movement device ( 11 ), which by at least one push rod ( 51 , 95 ) with the respective partial body ( 41b , 42b ) connected is.

For the movement of the output-side part of the body ( 42b ) of the inner part ( 42 ) a central push rod is preferred ( 51 ) intended. The profiling device in a design for the mandrel body movement or a combined profiling by means of nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement thus preferably comprises a push rod ( 51 ). The output-side part body (52b) of the inner part ( 42 ) is with the push rod ( 51 ) connected or connectable. The push rod ( 51 ) is preferred in a through opening ( 43 ) of the housing ( 40 ) the profiling device ( 9 ) and especially in a through opening ( 43 ) of the input-side partial body ( 42a ) of the inner part ( 42 ) arranged or placeable.

The push rod ( 51 ) is also preferably hollow, so that it can form a section of a fluid-carrying channel.

The sliding section ( 48 , 48 ' ) a cylindrical guide contour ( 49 ), which are connected to the respective input-side partial body ( 41a , 42a ) connected or on the input-side partial body ( 41a , 42a ) is integrated. The cylindrical guide contour ( 49 ) is in the 8th , 9 , 22nd and 24 marked.

The sliding section ( 48 , 48 ' ) can also preferably be one on the guide contour ( 49 ) cylinder wall mounted so that it can slide in the axial direction ( 50 ) exhibit. The cylinder wall ( 50 ) is associated with the respective output-side partial body ( 41b , 42b ) connected or integrated into it.

The sliding section ( 48 , 48 ' In other words, it comprises mutually corresponding cylindrical slide bearing wall sections. According to a preferred variant, within a sliding section ( 48 , 48 ' ) at least one sealant must be provided.

14th to 19th show different types of throttle device ( 6th ). In 16 and 17th are throttle pins ( 70 ), the dorsal end of which ( 73 ) into a melt passage ( SP ) the extrusion device ( 1 ) can be introduced, especially in the area of a deflection ( 5 ). The throttle pins shown here ( 70 ) are connected at the end with an adjusting device which is coaxial to the throttle pin ( 70 ) is arranged. The distal, i.e. outward-facing end of the throttle pin ( 70 ) is supported on the actuator. By moving the adjusting element, in particular a screwing movement, in the axial direction, the penetration depth of the throttle pin ( 70 ) into the melt passage ( SP ) can be changed in order to increase the flow cross-section of the melt passage ( SP ) and in particular to reduce it.

The throttling causes a change in the volume flow of the plastic melt in the respective melt passage and thus a change in the per time unit from an extruder unit ( 4th ) delivered hose length. During operation of the extrusion device ( 1 ) the throttle pins ( 70 ) on several extruder units ( 4th ) are set in such a way that the tube lengths delivered to the extruder units per unit of time are set to one another and, for example, to a uniform length per unit of time.

14th , 15th , 18th and 19th show a throttle device ( 6th ) that have multiple throttle pins ( 70 , 71 , 72 ) in order to simultaneously process several plastic melt streams on one extruder unit ( 4th ) to throttle, which in several separate melt passages ( SP ) flow. In the example shown, three parallel or separate melt passages ( SP ) per extruder unit ( 4th ) shown. Alternatively, only one, two, four or a different number of melt passages can be provided.

Even if the throttle device according to 14th , 15th , 18th and 19th for the parallel throttling of several plastic melt flows at each extruder unit ( 4th ) is designed and provided, it can also advantageously be used on an extruder unit ( 4th ) can be used with only one melt passage or one plastic melt flow. The throttle device ( 6th ) also has one or more throttle pins ( 70 , 71 , 72 ), whose respective dorsal end ( 73 ) into a melt passage ( SP ) the extrusion device ( 1 ) can be introduced in order to reduce their flow cross-section. The at least one throttle pin ( 70 , 71 , 72 ) is at the distal end, ie at the end pointing outwards, in the axial direction of the throttle pin on a movable guide element ( 75 , 76 , 77 ) supported or fixed. Preferred is for each throttle pin ( 70 , 71 , 72 ) a separate guide element ( 75 , 76 , 77 ) intended. The guide element ( 75 , 76 , 77 ) can be designed in any way. It extends at least in sections in the transverse direction to the throttle pin ( 70 , 71 , 72 ). In one area of the guide element ( 75 , 76 , 77 ), which is offset across the throttle pin, is the guide element ( 75 , 76 , 77 ) on a movable adjusting means ( 79 , 80 , 81 ) supported. The guide element ( 75 , 76 , 77 ) acts as a force or travel transmission means, so that a movement of the actuating means ( 79 , 80 , 81 ) through the guide element ( 75 , 76 , 77 ) into an axial movement of the throttle pin ( 70 , 71 , 72 ) can be implemented.

The multiple actuators ( 79 , 80 , 81 ) a throttle device ( 6th ) can preferably be arranged directly adjacent to one another, in particular as a linear group and / or in particular in a central area between the throttle pins ( 70 , 71 , 72 ). The group-wise and, in particular, linear arrangement of the actuating means ( 79 , 80 , 81 ) for the multiple throttle pins ( 70 , 71 , 72 ) has especially with extrusion devices ( 1 ) with a plurality of extruder units ( 4th ), which in turn have a plurality of melt passages ( SP ) have significant advantages. On the one hand, central access to all control elements ( 79 , 80 , 81 ) on an extruder unit ( 4th ) be created. On the other hand, the orderly placement of the control elements leads to a greatly increased overview and simplified operation.

In all design variants of the throttle device ( 6th ) a throttle pin and especially every throttle pin ( 70 , 71 , 72 ) in a (respective) guide sleeve ( 82 ) be included. The guide sleeve ( 82 ) is preferred with the extrusion device ( 1 ) permanently connected or connectable. The guide sleeve can be arranged in such a way that its dorsal end enters the melt passage ( SP ) protrudes. The dorsal end of the guide sleeve ( 82 ) can preferably have a convex contour and / or a chamfer (cf. 15th and 17th ). The guide sleeve ( 82 ) designed and arranged in such a way that only that portion of the dorsal end that has a bevel or a convex contour into the melt passage ( 18th ) protrudes. The convex contour can be concave or convex. A contour transition between the dorsal end of the guide sleeve ( 82 ), especially the area with a chamfer or a convex contour, and the adjacent surface of the melt passage ( SP ) preferably has an obtuse transition angle ( V ) (see. 17th ). The transition angle can preferably be in a range from 110 degrees to 160 degrees, in particular around 135 degrees.

A contour transition between the guide sleeve ( 82 ) and the face of the throttle pin in the passive position (with the operating position of the throttle pin shifted to the maximum outward) preferably has a passive contact angle ( W. , see. 17th ), which is approximately 180 degrees. In other words, the front contour of the throttle pin is aligned ( 70 ) and the front contour of the guide sleeve in this position.

A contour transition between the guide sleeve ( 82 ) and the outer surface of the throttle pin ( 70 ) in the active position (with the operating position of the throttle pin shifted inward) preferably has an active contact angle (W ', cf. 15th , enlarged section), which is an obtuse angle, in particular analogous to the above statements on the transition angle V with a value between 110 degrees and 160 degrees, more preferably at about 135 degrees.

It has been shown that dead water zones can also be reduced or avoided or material deposits reduced through the aforementioned angular references at the contour transition from the passage surface to the guide sleeve front and at the contour transition from the guide sleeve front to the throttle pin Process quality favors.

The guide elements ( 75 , 76 , 77 ) can be designed in the same way or differently. In particular, they can each be designed as a sliding lever or as a rotary lever.

The one or more actuators ( 79 , 80 , 81 ) can have any training. They can be operated manually and / or by machine. In particular, they can each be designed as a set screw or as a linear actuator.

The throttle device ( 6th ) as shown in the 14th , 18th and 19th preferably a support body ( 83 ) on which the at least one guide element and in particular all guide elements ( 75 , 76 , 77 ) and at least one adjusting agent and in particular all adjusting agents ( 79 , 80 , 81 ) for a respective extruder unit ( 4th ) are stored. This enables a common and quick positioning as well as a quick change of the entire throttle device ( 6th ) supported. The supporting body ( 83 ) can preferably be a fastening section for positioning and releasable fastening on a housing part of the extrusion device ( 1 ), especially a redirection ( 5 ) exhibit.

The dorsal end ( 73 ) of a throttle pin and especially all throttle pins ( 70 , 71 , 72 ), which leads to a melt passage ( SP ) can penetrate, preferably has a convex contour. Such a shape can be used alone or in combination with a convex or chamfered contour of the guide sleeve ( 82 ) counteract the formation of deposits or material accumulations from the plastic melt, which brings the advantages mentioned above with it.

An extruder unit according to the present disclosure is used for the production of preforms ( 64 ) provided and formed with a tubular wall made of a supplied plastic melt. The extruder unit ( 4th ) includes at least one output tool ( 10 ) according to the training explained above. It also preferably comprises at least one profiling device ( 9 ) and / or a hose formation device ( 8th ) and / or a throttle device ( 6th ) according to the present disclosure.

The extruder unit particularly preferably has ( 4th ) a modular training and includes at least two different profiling facilities ( 9 ) and / or at least two different hose formation devices ( 8th ) and / or at least two different output tools ( 10 ), which can be connected to one another by uniform fastening structures.

The two different profiling devices ( 9 ) can alternately with the same output tool ( 10 ) and / or with the same hose formation device ( 8th ) be connectable. The at least two hose formation devices ( 8th ) can be used alternately with the same or each of the profiling devices ( 9 ) and / or alternately with a component of an extrusion device upstream in the flow direction of the plastic melt ( 1 ), especially a throttle device ( 6th ) and / or a redirection ( 5 ) be connectable. The at least two different output tools ( 10 ) can alternately with the same profiling device ( 9 ) or any of the profiling devices ( 9 ) be connectable.

The fastening structures ( 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ) of the several profiling devices ( 9 ) and the corresponding structures on the hose formation device ( 8th ) and / or the Output tool ( 10 ) thus have a matching interface geometry.

The extruder unit ( 4th ) or the extrusion device ( 1 ) a positive pressure fluid supply ( 96 ), which have a fluid-conducting connection through one or more aligned passage openings ( 43 , 42) up to an output-side end wall of the mandrel body ( 61 ) having. The positive pressure fluid supply ( 96 ) can be designed to provide a tool on the dispensing tool ( 10 ) to fill or inflate the emerging melt tube with a fluid. The melt hose can be closed or closed at the downstream end, for example, so that a dynamic pressure can be generated within the hose interior by introducing a fluid.

The one or more through openings ( 43 , 62 ) are preferably along the central axis of the one or more flow passes ( SP ) within the output tool ( 10 ), the profiling device ( 9 ) as well as a tube forming device ( 8th ) arranged. A cavity of a push rod ( 51 ) for profiling by moving the mandrel body can also be provided as a through opening for the fluid-conducting connection.

2 shows a preferred embodiment of a movement device ( 11 ). The movement device ( 11 ) can be designed in any way. It is preferably intended and designed for a profiling device ( 9 ) and in particular several profiling facilities ( 9 ) to operate with different of the above-mentioned types of training for exclusive nozzle body movement and / or exclusive mandrel body movement and / or combined nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement. In the example of 2 has the movement device ( 11 ) an actuator ( 90 ), which is designed, for example, as a piston-cylinder unit or other linear drive. The actuator ( 90 ) is preferred by a controller ( 91 ) caused a movement, which in particular can be position-controlled or position-controlled or speed-controlled or speed-controlled. Alternatively or additionally, a force-controlled or force-controlled movement can be provided.

The movement device ( 11 ) has a means of transmission of movement and in particular a gear ( 92 ) that the actuator ( 90 ) with at least one profiling device ( 9 ) of the at least one extruder unit ( 4th ) connects. A stiff and force-conducting connection between a drive means, in particular a piston rod ( 93 ) of the actuator ( 90 ) and a partial body on the output side ( 41b , 42b ) one and in particular each profiling device ( 9 ) intended. The movement device ( 11 ) a force distributor ( 94 ), which controls the movement of the propellant ( 93 ) one or more stages on one or more push rods ( 51 , 95 ) transmits.

Modifications of the invention are possible in various ways. In particular, all of the features described, shown or claimed for the respective exemplary embodiments and aspects of the disclosure can be combined with one another or replaced with one another in any desired manner.

Every component of an extruder unit ( 4th ) can also be part of an extrusion device ( 1 ) and vice versa. Sections of the melt passage ( SP ) can be used between adjacent components of an extruder unit ( 4th ) or the extrusion device ( 1 ) be shifted with regard to the local assignment. Between all disclosed components of the extruder unit ( 4th ) and the extrusion device ( 1 ) additional line sections can be provided.

An extruder unit ( 4th ) can be used with or without a profiling device ( 9 ) as well as with or without a tube forming device ( 8th ) be trained. A tube formation can possibly occur within a dispensing tool ( 10 ) respectively.

The melt receiving device ( 2 ) with a stirring body ( 15th ) with an eccentrically arranged tip can be used one or more times for only one or more of the melt passages ( SP ), which are provided for the supply of separate plastic melt streams.

A movement device ( 11 ) can provide two or more separate actuators to each have a single profiling device ( 9 ) or a group of two, three or more profiling devices ( 9 ) to operate. Furthermore, a movement device ( 11 ) multiple actuators ( 90 ) and means of transmission of motion ( 92 ) to alternately or simultaneously move or actuate a profiling device ( 9 ) to effect or specify by nozzle body movement and mandrel body movement. The multiple actuators ( 90 ) can preferably use a common control ( 91 ) or connected to separate controls.

All melt-carrying components of the extrusion device ( 1 ) and the extruder unit ( 4th ) one or more heating devices ( HZ ) exhibit. A heater ( HZ ) is designed in particular as a flat heating device that is placed on the outside of the respective melt passage ( SP ) forming body or is arranged. One and in particular each heating device ( HZ ) controllable trained.

The output tool ( 10 ) can have a multi-part nozzle body ( 60 ) and / or a multi-part mandrel body ( 61 ) include. In the figures shown, the mandrel body has, for example, a holding section ( 61a ) and an extruder tool section ( 61b ), the holding section ( 61a ) on the fastening structure at the end ( 47 ) of the inner part of the profiling device ( 9 ) can be arranged and a fastening interface for the extruder tool section ( 61b ) having. The nozzle body ( 60 ) have a holding section and an extruder tool section (not shown).

The profiling device ( 9 ) is preferably designed to establish a relative position of the fastening structures on the output side ( 46 , 47 ) from the outer part ( 41 ) and inner part ( 41 ) to change. This change is preferably carried out with a linear sliding movement of at least one of these fastening structures ( 46 , 47 ) parallel to the axial direction of the melt passage ( SP ). This relative movement can be converted into a uniform relative movement of the nozzle body ( 60 ) and mandrel body ( 61 ) are implemented. Alternatively, an at least partial movement can be deflected on the dispensing tool, which is caused, for example, by a gear. Such a movement deflection can result in the linear relative movement of the fastening structures ( 46 , 47 ) a non-linear and / or a non-parallel relative movement of the nozzle tool ( 60 ) and mandrel tool ( 61 ) results. For example, a widening or narrowing of the nozzle body that takes place at least partially in the radial direction ( 60 ), especially at the annular gap ( 63 ), and / or a narrowing or widening of the mandrel body that occurs at least partially in the radial direction ( 60 ), especially at the annular gap ( 63 ).

List of reference symbols

1

Extrusion device

2

Melt receiving device

3

Melt distributor

4th

Extruder unit

5

Redirection

6th

Throttle device / hose length adjustment

7th

branch

8th

Hose forming device

9

(Wall thickness) profiling device

10

Output tool

11

Movement device

12th

Extrusion head

13th

Guide body

14th

cavity

15th

Agitator body (basic cone shape)

15 '

Stirring body (basic pyramid shape)

16

Axis of rotation

17th

top

18th

Melt feeding device

18a

Delivery cylinder

19th

Auger / screw conveyor

20th

casing

20 '

casing

21

Shaping sleeve / forming sleeve group

21a

Outer shaping sleeve

21b

Intermediate shaping sleeve

21c

Inner shaping sleeve

21 '

Forming sleeve group

21a '

Outer shaping sleeve

21b '

Intermediate shaping sleeve

21c '

Inner shaping sleeve

22nd

Sleeve wall

22 '

Sleeve wall

23

Leadership passage

23a

Leadership passage

23b

Leadership passage

23c

Leadership passage

23 '

Leadership passage

24

Central passage opening

25th

Flange mount for profiling device

26th

Spiral section

27

helical passage

28

Ply section

29

Outer section

30th

Interior section

40

Base body

41

Outer part

41a

input-side part of the body of the outer part

41b

output-side partial body of the outer part

42

inner part

42a

input-side partial body of the inner part

42b

output-side partial body of the inner part

43

Through opening

44

Fastening structure, outer part to outer section of the hose formation device

45

Fastening structure, inner part to inner section of the hose forming device

46

Attachment structure, outer part to nozzle body

47

Fastening structure, inner part for mandrel body

48

Sliding section

48 '

Sliding section

49

cylindrical guide contour

49 '

cylindrical guide contour

50

Cylinder wall

50 '

Cylinder wall

51

Push rod (hollow)

60

Nozzle body

61

Mandrel body

61a

Holding section

61b

Extruder Tool Section

62

Through opening

63

Annular gap (closed, width adjustable)

64

Preform / tube piece (cut to length)

70

Throttle pin

71

Throttle pin

72

Throttle pin

73

Dorsal end

74

Distal end

75

Guide element

76

Guide element

77

Guide element

78

offset area

79

Thickening agent

80

Thickening agent

81

Thickening agent

82

Guide sleeve

83

Support body

90

Actuator / piston-cylinder unit / linear drive

91

control

92

Movement transmission means / gears

93

Driving means / piston rod

94

Power distributor

95

Push rod

96

Positive pressure fluid supply

97

round or oval cross-section

97 '

Cross-section with at least six corners

98

First section, truncated cone

98 '

First section, truncated prism

99

Second section, eccentric cone

99 '

Second section, eccentric pyramid

100

All around edge

100 '

All around edge

101

Cylinder section

102

Wide cylinder section

103

Funnel section

104

Narrow cylinder section

AF

Axial direction guide cylinder

DI

Internal diameter of the annular gap

DR

Radial distance between the tip and the axis of rotation

FR

Flow direction

HA

Homogenization section

HZ

Heating device

IF

Surface transition in the circumferential direction (with an obtuse angle)

PA

Plasticizing section

SP

Melt passage

Q1

Cross section on the inlet side / annular gap

Q2

Cross section on the output side / over the entire surface

QK

Cross-sectional contour

QS

Strand-shaped cross-section

QT

Tubular cross-section

UR

Circumferential direction

V

Transition angle

W.

Passive contact angle

W '

Active contact angle

WA

Angle transition

WB

Angle transition

Claims (26)

Throttle device for an extruder unit (4) or an extrusion device (1), wherein the throttle device (6) comprises one or more throttle pins (70, 71, 72), the dorsal end (73) of which into a melt passage (SP) of the extrusion device (1 ) can be introduced in order to reduce the flow cross-section of a melt passage (SP), characterized in that at least one throttle pin (70, 71, 72) at the distal end in the axial direction of the throttle pin (70, 71, 72) on a movable guide element (75, 76, 77) is supported or fixed, the at least one guide element (75, 76, 77) in a region (78) which is offset transversely to the axial direction of the throttle pin (70, 71, 72) on a movable adjusting means (79 , 80, 81) is supported so that a movement of the adjusting means (79, 80, 81) by the guide element (75, 76, 77) can be converted into an axial movement of the throttle pin (70, 71, 72). Throttle device according to the preceding claim, wherein the throttle device (6) comprises at least two throttle pins (70, 71, 72) and associated guide elements (75, 76, 77) and adjusting means (79, 80, 81). Throttle device according to the preceding claim, wherein the plurality of adjusting means (79, 80, 81) are arranged directly adjacent to one another, in particular as a linear group and / or in particular in a central area between the throttle pins (70, 71, 72). Throttle device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a throttle pin (70, 71, 72) is received in a guide sleeve (82) which is firmly connected or can be connected to the extrusion device (1). Throttle device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a guide element (75, 76, 77) is designed as a sliding lever or as a rotary lever. Throttle device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an adjusting means (79, 80, 81) is designed as an adjusting screw or as a linear actuator. Throttle device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the throttle device has a support body (83) on which the at least one guide element (75, 76, 77) and the at least one associated adjusting means (79, 80, 81) are mounted. Throttle device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the support body (83) has a fastening section for positioning and fastening to a housing part of the extrusion device (1). Throttle device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the dorsal end (73) of a throttle pin (70, 71, 72) has a convex contour AND / OR wherein a dorsal end of a guide sleeve (82) has a convex contour or a chamfer. Extruder unit for the production of preforms (64) with a tubular wall from a plastic melt, the extruder unit (4) having a dispensing tool (10) with a hollow nozzle body (60) and a mandrel body (61) which can be or is arranged in the nozzle body (60) having, wherein between the inner contour of the nozzle body (60) and the outer contour of the mandrel body (61) a melt passage (SP) with a tubular cross-section (QT) is formed which opens outwards at an annular gap (63), characterized in that the Extruder unit comprises a throttle device (6) according to one of the preceding claims. Extruder unit according to the preceding claim, wherein the extruder unit (4) further comprises: - a profiling device (9); AND OR - a tube forming device (8). Extruder unit according to the preceding claim, wherein - the profiling device (9) has a continuous melt passage (SP) and is designed to receive a plastic melt flow with a tubular cross section (QT) on the inlet side and to release it on the outlet side with a tubular cross section (QT), and wherein - the profiling device (9) comprises a base body (40) with an outer part (41) and an inner part (42), between which the melt passage (SP) is formed, and wherein - the outer part (41) and the inner part (42) each have separate fastening structures (44, 45) on the input side, which are designed to connect the outer part (41) to an outer section (29) of a hose-forming device (8) on the one hand and to connect the inner part (42) to an inner section (30) of the hose-forming device on the other (8) connect; and wherein - the outer part (41) and the inner part (42) are further separate on the output side Have fastening structures (46, 47) which are designed to connect the outer part (41) to a nozzle body (60) of a dispensing tool (10) on the one hand and the inner part (42) to a mandrel body (61) of the dispensing tool (10) on the other. Extruder unit according to the preceding claim, wherein the base body (40) has at least one sliding section (48, 48 ') which is designed to - To lengthen or shorten the outer part (41), AND / OR - To lengthen or shorten the inner part (42) so that a relative position of the fastening structures (46, 47) on the outlet side can be set. Extruder unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the film forming device (8) comprises at least one shaping sleeve (21a, 21b, 21c) which is designed to convert a supplied plastic melt flow from a substantially strand-shaped cross-section (QS) into a tubular cross-section (QT ) to shape. Extruder unit according to the preceding claim, wherein the shaping sleeve (21a, 21b, 21c) has a guide passage (23) embedded in the sleeve wall (22). Extruder unit according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the extruder unit (4) comprises at least two different profiling devices (9) which can be connected alternately to the same dispensing tool (10) AND / OR to the same hose-forming device (8) and wherein the multiple profiling devices (9) are at least have two of the following types of training: - Training for profiling exclusively by a nozzle body movement (nozzle body can be moved relative to the static mandrel body); - Training for profiling exclusively by a mandrel body movement (mandrel body can be moved relative to the static nozzle body); - Training for profiling through combined or alternative nozzle body movement AND mandrel body movement (mandrel body AND nozzle body actively movable). Extruder unit according to the preceding claim, wherein the fastening structures (44, 45, 46, 47) of the plurality of profiling devices (9) have a matching interface geometry. Extruder unit according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an overpressure fluid supply (96), the overpressure fluid supply (96) in particular having a fluid-conducting connection through one or more aligned passage openings (43, 62) up to an outlet-side end wall of the mandrel body (61) . Extrusion device comprising at least one melt receiving device (2) and at least one extruder unit (4) according to one of the preceding claims, which are connected via a melt passage (SP). Extrusion device according to the preceding claim, wherein the melt receiving device (2) has a hollow guide body (13), in the cavity (14) of which a melt passage (SP) is formed, and wherein - A stirring body (15) which tapers to a point in the flow direction (FR) of the plastic melt and which can be rotated about an axis of rotation (16) is arranged in the cavity (14), and wherein - The melt passage (SP) on the input side of the receiving device between the guide body (13) and the stirring body (15) has a cross section (Q1) in the form of an annular gap and on the output side of the receiving device has a full-area cross section (Q2). Extrusion device according to the preceding claim, wherein the stirring body (15) has a tip (17) arranged eccentrically to the axis of rotation (16). Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a melt distributor (3) which is designed to divide a plastic melt flow which can be supplied from the melt receiving device into several partial flows. Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one deflection (5). Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a movement device (11). Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the movement device (11) is designed to actuate at least one and preferably several profiling devices (9). Throttling method for influencing the volume flow of a plastic melt flowing through a melt passage (SP) of an extrusion device (1) or an extruder unit (4), the throttling method comprising the following steps: Providing a throttle device (6) with one or more throttle pins (70, 71, 72), the dorsal end (73) of which each in a melt passage (SP) of the extrusion device (1) or of the extruder unit (4) can be introduced in order to reduce the flow cross-section of the melt passage (SP); - For at least one throttle pin (70, 71, 72): Providing a movable guide element (75, 76, 77) and an adjusting means (79, 80, 81) in such a way that a movement of the adjusting means (79, 80, 81) by the Guide element (75, 76, 77) can be converted into an axial movement of the throttle pin (70, 71, 72), characterized by moving the adjusting means (79, 80, 81) in order to control the volume flow of the melt at the connected throttle pin (70, 71, 72) to increase or decrease, and wherein the throttle device (6) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 is trained.

Images