DE102020126925B4 - Regulator - Google Patents

Abstract

Regulator (3), comprising:a transformer (5) with a primary side (P) and a secondary side (S), the primary side (P) having three primary windings which are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another have three primary connections (P1 , P2, P3), and the secondary side (S) has three secondary windings, each secondary winding of the three secondary windings being connectable to an outer conductor (L1, L2, L3) of three outer conductors (L1, L2, L3), so that each outer conductor ( L1, L2, L3) of the three external conductors (L1, L2, L3) is assigned a secondary winding of the three secondary windings and for each external conductor (L1, L2, L3) a first section (A1) of the external conductor (L1, L2, L3), the secondary winding assigned to the outer conductor (L1, L2, L3) and a second section (A2) of the outer conductor (L1, L2, L3) are connected in series in this order, and an inverter unit (7) with three AC voltage side connections (9a, 9b, 9c), each AC-side connection (9a, 9b, 9c) of the three AC-side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) being connected to a primary connection (P1, P2, P3) of the three primary connections (P1, P2, P3). is connected, so that each primary connection (P1, P2, P3) is assigned an AC voltage side connection (9a, 9b, 9c), an AC voltage side connection (9a) of the three AC voltage side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) either can be connected directly to a neutral conductor (N) or directly to an external conductor (L2) of the three external conductors (L1, L2, L3). The controller (3) has a rectifier unit (11) which is connected via an energy storage device (13). Inverter unit (7) is connected and has at least one AC voltage side connection (17), each AC voltage side connection (17) of the at least one AC voltage side connection (17) of the rectifier unit (11) having an outer conductor (L1, L2, L3) of the three outer conductors ( L1, L2, L3) can be connected. The energy storage device (13) has two capacitors (15) which are connected to one another via a connection point (23) which, when the AC voltage side connection (9a) of the three AC voltage side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) can be connected directly to the neutral conductor (N), can be connected directly to the neutral conductor (N), and then when the AC voltage side connection (9a) of the three AC voltage side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) the inverter unit (7) can be connected directly to the outer conductor (L2) of the three outer conductors (L1, L2, L3), can be connected directly to this outer conductor (L2).

Description

The present invention relates to a regulator, in particular a power flow regulator, such as a UPFC regulator, for power flow control or a voltage regulator, such as a DVR regulator, for voltage regulation, voltage balancing and for regulating voltage distortions in electrical networks. A further aspect of the invention relates to a control system with such a regulator.

UPFC stands for “Unified Power Flow Controller”, and in electrical energy technology it refers to a component that is used to specifically control and influence the transmitted electrical power in individual lines, such as overhead lines, in supra-regional and meshed power networks can. With UPFC controllers, specific, contractually agreed power transmissions can be specifically fulfilled in meshed networks and lines can also be used to the maximum in a controlled manner in accordance with their technical capabilities.

DVR stands for “Dynamic Voltage Restorer” and describes a component that, for example, protects sensitive loads in electrical supply networks from short-term voltage drops. Due to the increased integration of sensitive loads (e.g. semiconductor factories) into the supply networks, the requirements for voltage stability have increased significantly. Particularly short-term voltage drops - e.g. due to short circuits in the network - are extremely critical for such consumers. One way to protect sensitive loads is with DVR controllers. These systems are able to protect entire factories against voltage drops. DVRs are now able to compensate for voltage drops on loads of more than 20 MW for several 100 ms.

UPFC and DVR topologies rely on longitudinal coupling of a voltage source. If this voltage source is to be infinitely variable, the prior art uses a coupling transformer with a three-phase inverter, with which a three-phase voltage source is implemented on the secondary side of the three-phase coupling transformer.

In a voltage-unidirectional variant, in the prior art a DC intermediate circuit voltage is provided with a diode-based inverter. In this variant, the topology can only increase the grid voltage in the direction of the active power direction. Furthermore, in this topology, a distorted current with reactive power is caused in the network unless additional technical devices are installed to reduce these effects, which in turn increase the complexity and installation space of the controller.

If the longitudinally coupled voltage is to be able to change the mains voltage independently of the active power direction, then according to the state of the art, a so-called “active front end”, i.e. a second inverter, is also required on this converter, which can feed energy back into the network from the intermediate circuit of the voltage-adjusting converter . Such a second inverter also increases the complexity and installation space of the controller.

The publication QUINT, I. et. Al.: Final report on the joint project for a flexible local network voltage and active power regulator, Jülich: March 2018 shows in this context an electronic voltage regulator to protect sensitive loads from short-term interruptions and other voltage fluctuations. The voltage regulator includes a transformer, an inverter unit, a circuit breaker and a bypass unit.

document CN 1 06 961 113 B In this context, describes a power flow controller (UPFC) and an associated control method. According to a preset active power setpoint, a reactive power setpoint and a grid-side three-phase voltage, an active current setpoint and a reactive current setpoint are used as input values of a current controller.

document WO 96/39 736 A1 describes a compensation device for load flow control and for damping oscillations in electrical transmission lines. In particular, the device comprises a reactance connected in series with the transmission line and a power converter connected in parallel with the line for controlling the voltage across the reactance.

The object of the present invention is to provide a controller that has a particularly simple and space-saving design and that can be operated bidirectionally at the same time and does not cause any input current distortion or reactive power consumption.

This task is solved with a controller according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments result from the dependent claims.

In particular, the task is solved with a controller that includes a transformer and an inverter unit. The transformer, Also known as a coupling transformer, has a primary side and a secondary side, whereby the primary side can also be referred to as the high-voltage side and the secondary side as the low-voltage side. The primary side has three primary windings which are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another form three primary connections. The secondary side has three secondary windings, each secondary winding of the three secondary windings being connectable to an outer conductor of three outer conductors, so that each outer conductor of the three outer conductors is assigned a secondary winding of the three secondary windings and for each outer conductor a first section of the outer conductor, the secondary winding assigned to the outer conductor and a second section of the external conductor are connected in series in this order. The inverter unit has three AC-side connections, each AC-side connection of the three AC-side connections of the inverter unit being connected to a primary connection of the three primary connections, so that each primary connection is assigned an AC-side connection. An AC voltage side connection of the three AC voltage side connections of the inverter unit can be connected either to a neutral conductor or to an external conductor of the three external conductors. The AC voltage side connection is preferably connected directly to the neutral conductor or the external conductor via a bypass conductor, which bypasses the inverter unit and therefore does not pass through or have any switching elements of the inverter unit.

In this way, a controller is provided which can be operated bidirectionally, which does not cause any input current distortion or reactive power consumption or does not require any additional measures to avoid this, which is constructed in a particularly simple and space-saving manner and which incurs low costs. In particular, the hardware complexity of the inverter unit can be significantly reduced, in the best case up to 75%.

According to the inventive solution, the regulator has a rectifier unit which is connected to the inverter unit via an energy storage device and has at least one AC voltage-side connection, wherein each AC voltage-side connection of the at least one AC voltage-side connection of the rectifier unit can be connected to an outer conductor of the three outer conductors. The energy storage is then provided in a so-called intermediate circuit or forms such an intermediate circuit and can include one or more capacitors, in particular intermediate circuit capacitors. In this way, the voltage from the energy storage can be used to compensate for critical voltage drops in supply networks, for example.

Preferably, the bypass conductor also bypasses the rectifier unit and the energy storage or the intermediate circuit in which the energy storage is provided, so that the bypass conductor does not pass through or have any switching elements of the rectifier unit and the intermediate circuit.

According to the inventive solution, the energy storage device also has two capacitors, in particular intermediate circuit capacitors, which are connected to one another via a connection point. The connection point can be connected to the neutral conductor when the AC voltage side connection of the three AC voltage side connections of the inverter unit can be connected to the neutral conductor, and when the AC voltage side connection of the three AC voltage side connections of the inverter unit can be connected to the outer conductor of the three outer conductors, to this External conductor connectable. Through such a connection of the connection point to the neutral conductor or to the external conductor, the voltage of the energy storage, in particular of the intermediate circuit capacitors, can be stabilized by absorbing active power from the corresponding conductor of the network or feeding it into the network.

A stabilization conductor is preferably provided, which is connected on the one hand to the connection point between the two capacitors and on the other hand to the bypass conductor.

In a preferred embodiment, the AC voltage side connection of the inverter unit, which can be connected either to the neutral conductor or to the outer conductor, can be connected to the neutral conductor. This results in a relatively low voltage swing at the two transformer voltages to be impressed compared to when the AC voltage side connection of the inverter unit can be connected to the outer conductor.

In an alternative embodiment, the AC voltage side connection of the inverter unit, which can be connected either to the neutral conductor or to the outer conductor, can be connected to the outer conductor. This results in a significantly higher voltage swing at the two transformer voltages to be impressed compared to when the AC voltage side connection of the inverter unit can be connected to the neutral conductor. However, this can be done, for example, by adjusted transformer design can be compensated.

In a preferred embodiment, two AC-side connections of the three AC-side connections of the inverter unit are connected to the energy storage device via a 2-level circuit of the inverter unit. This represents a particularly simple, compact and cost-effective variant.

In an alternative embodiment, two AC-side connections of the three AC-side connections of the inverter unit are connected to the energy storage device via a 3-level circuit of the inverter unit. This represents a slightly more complicated variant of the inverter unit, but it can provide a better approximation of the sine waveform of the AC voltage and is therefore more precise and effective, as well as the use of active switching elements with half the reverse voltage and lower switching losses compared to the 2-level circuit allowed and thus allows a more compact design of the AC voltage side filter elements and the cooling system.

In a preferred embodiment, the rectifier unit is a controllable rectifier unit. The controllable rectifier unit can be formed by interconnecting several active switching elements, such as transistors. In addition, however, the controllable rectifier unit can also have passive switching elements, such as diodes. With a controllable rectifier unit, the rectifier unit can also be operated as an inverter unit, so that bidirectional operation of the controller can be realized.

In an alternative embodiment, the rectifier unit is a non-controllable rectifier unit. The non-controllable rectifier unit can be formed by connecting several passive switching elements, such as diodes. A non-controllable rectifier unit allows a particularly simple design, but is limited to unidirectional operation of the controller.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one AC voltage side connection of the rectifier unit has an AC voltage side connection. This represents a particularly simple, compact and cost-effective design.

In an alternative embodiment, the at least one AC voltage side connection of the rectifier unit has two AC voltage side connections. This represents a slightly larger and more complicated design, but the reference power can be distributed over two external conductors, which can increase the effectiveness and reliability of the controller.

In a further alternative embodiment, the at least one AC voltage side connection of the rectifier unit has three AC voltage side connections. This represents a somewhat larger and more complicated design, but the reference power can be distributed over three external conductors, which further increases the effectiveness and reliability of the controller and allows the three external conductors to be loaded symmetrically with the same current.

In a preferred embodiment, the regulator has a short-circuiting device which is connected to the three primary connections and is adapted to short-circuit the three primary connections to one another and to ground them. In this way, controller overloads can be stopped quickly.

In a preferred embodiment, the three primary windings are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another form a delta connection, so that the primary windings connected to one another in the delta connection form the three primary connections. This represents a particularly simple and effective connection.

In an alternative embodiment, the three primary windings are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another form a star connection, so that the primary windings connected to one another in the star connection form the three primary connections. A star connection can be advantageous or necessary in certain cases.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to a regulator system with three external conductors, a neutral conductor and a regulator according to one of the previously described embodiments. Each secondary winding of the three secondary windings is connected to an outer conductor of the three outer conductors and the AC side connection of the three AC side connections of the inverter unit is connected either to the neutral conductor or to an outer conductor of the three outer conductors. The features and effects described in connection with the controller also apply vis-a-vis to the controller system.

• 1 Schaltbilder zweier Varianten eines aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Reglersystems mit einem Dioden-basierten Gleichrichter,
• 2 Schaltbilder zweier weiterer Varianten eines aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Reglersystems mit einem Transistoren-basierten Gleichrichter,
• 3 Schaltbilder zweier Varianten eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Reglersystems mit einem Transistoren-basierten Gleichrichter,
• 4 Schaltbilder zweier Varianten eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Reglersystems mit einem Dioden-basierten Gleichrichter,
• 5 Schaltbilder zweier Varianten eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Reglersystems mit einem Transistoren-basierten Gleichrichter mit mehreren wechselspannungsseitigen Anschlüssen,
• 6 Schaltbilder zweier Varianten eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Reglersystems mit einem Transistoren-basierten Gleichrichter und einem aktiven Nullleiter und
• 7 Schaltbilder zweier Varianten eines fünften Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Reglersystems mit einem Transistoren-basierten Gleichrichter und ohne Nullleiteranschluss.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. The drawing shows in

• 1 Circuit diagrams of two variants of a regulator system known from the prior art with a diode-based rectifier,
• 2 Circuit diagrams of two further variants of a regulator system known from the prior art with a transistor-based rectifier,
• 3 Circuit diagrams of two variants of a first exemplary embodiment of the regulator system according to the invention with a transistor-based rectifier,
• 4 Circuit diagrams of two variants of a second exemplary embodiment of the regulator system according to the invention with a diode-based rectifier,
• 5 Circuit diagrams of two variants of a third exemplary embodiment of the regulator system according to the invention with a transistor-based rectifier with several AC voltage side connections,
• 6 Circuit diagrams of two variants of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the regulator system according to the invention with a transistor-based rectifier and an active neutral conductor and
• 7 Circuit diagrams of two variants of a fifth exemplary embodiment of the regulator system according to the invention with a transistor-based rectifier and without a neutral conductor connection.

1a and 1b as well as 2a and 2 B show four variants of a control system 1 'known from the prior art, which can be both a UPFC and a DVR control system.

The control system 1' includes three external conductors L1', L2', L3', a neutral conductor N' and a regulator 3'. The controller 3' has a transformer 5' and an inverter unit 7'. The transformer 5' has a primary side P' and a secondary side S'. The primary side P' has three primary windings which are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another form three primary connections P1', P2', P3'. The secondary side S' has three secondary windings, each secondary winding of the three secondary windings being connected to an outer conductor L1', L2', L3' of the three outer conductors L1', L2', L3', so that each outer conductor L1', L2', L3 'The three outer conductors L1', L2', L3' are assigned a secondary winding of the three secondary windings and for each outer conductor L1', L2', L3' a first section A1' of the outer conductor L1', L2', L3', which is the outer conductor Secondary winding assigned to L1', L2', L3' and a second section A2' of the outer conductor L1', L2', L3' are connected in series in this order. The inverter unit 7' further has three AC-side connections 9a', 9b', 9c', each AC-side connection 9' of the three AC-side connections 9' of the inverter unit 7' having a primary connection P1', P2', P3' of the three primary connections P1'. , P2', P3' is connected, so that each primary connection P1', P2', P3' is assigned an AC voltage side connection 9a', 9b', 9c'. The inverter unit also includes a filter circuit 10' with three filter capacitors, which, together with a choke made of inductors 35', filter a switching frequency interference current. In addition, the controller has a rectifier unit 11', which is connected to the inverter unit 7' via an energy storage 13' in the form of an intermediate circuit capacitor 15' and has several AC-side connections 17', which are either connected to the neutral conductor N' or to an external conductor L1'. 'L2', L3' are connected.

The rectifier unit 11 'in the variants of 1a and 2a each have three AC-side connections 17', each AC-side connection 17' being connected to an outer conductor L1', L2', L3' of the three outer conductors L1', L2', L3'. In the variants of 1b and 2 B On the other hand, the rectifier unit 11' only has two AC-side connections 17', with a first AC-side connection 17' being connected to an outer conductor L1', L2', L3' of the three outer conductors L1', L2', L3' and a second AC-side connection 17 'is connected to the neutral conductor N'.

The variants of the 1a and 1b differ from the variants of the 2a and 2 B in that in the variants of 1a and 1b the rectifier unit 11' is a diode-based rectifier unit with six ( 1a) or four ( 1b) Diodes, while the rectifier unit 11 'is in the 2a and 2 B a transistor-based rectifier unit with six ( 2a) or four ( 2 B) Transistors, in which in these variants the rectifier unit includes a further filter circuit 10 ', by means of which filter capacitors and the choke made of inductors 35' the switching frequency interference current is filtered. The inverter unit 7 'is available in all variants 1a and 1b as well as 2a and 2 B a transistor-based inverter unit with six transistors.

These variants of control systems 1 'known from the prior art have the disadvantage that they require a relatively large number of switching elements and therefore a lot of installation space, causing a distorted current in the network with reactive power, as well as in the variants of 1a and 1b only allow unidirectional operation.

In the 3 to 7 Various control systems 1 are shown according to embodiments of the present invention. These control systems 1 according to the invention are superior to the previously described variants of control systems 1 known from the prior art, since they have a particularly simple and space-saving design and can be operated bidirectionally at the same time and do not cause any input current distortion or reactive power consumption.

3a and 3b show two embodiments of the controller system 1 according to the invention, in particular a UPFC or DVR controller system. The regulator system 1 includes three external conductors L1, L2, L3, a neutral conductor N and a regulator 3 with a transformer 5, an inverter unit 7, a rectifier unit 11 and an energy storage device 13.

The transformer 5 has a primary side P and a secondary side S. The primary side P has three primary windings which are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another form three primary connections P1, P2, P3. In particular, the three primary windings are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another form a delta connection D, so that the primary windings connected to one another in the delta connection D form the three primary connections P1, P2, P3. However, it is also possible for the three primary windings to be connected to one another in such a way that they form a star connection Y instead of a delta connection D. The secondary side S has three secondary windings, each secondary winding of the three secondary windings being connected to an outer conductor L1, L2, L3 of the three outer conductors L1, L2, L3, so that each outer conductor L1, L2, L3 of the three outer conductors L1, L2, L3 has one Secondary winding of the three secondary windings is assigned and for each outer conductor L1, L2, L3 a first section A1 of the outer conductor L1, L2, L3, the secondary winding assigned to the outer conductor L1, L2, L3 and a second section A2 of the outer conductor L1, L2, L3 in are connected in series in this order.

The inverter unit 7 has three AC-side connections 9a, 9b, 9c, each AC-side connection 9a, 9b, 9c of the three AC-side connections 9a, 9b, 9c of the inverter unit 7 having a primary connection P1, P2, P3 of the three primary connections P1, P2, P3 is connected, so that each primary connection P1, P2, P3 is assigned an AC voltage side connection 9a, 9b, 9c.

The rectifier unit 11 is connected to the inverter unit 7 via an energy storage 13 and has an AC voltage side connection 17 which is connected to an outer conductor L1, L2, L3 of the three outer conductors L1, L2, L3. The energy storage 13 is provided in an intermediate circuit 19 between the rectifier unit 11 and the inverter unit 7 and comprises two capacitors 15 connected in series with one another in the intermediate circuit 19, i.e. intermediate circuit capacitors.

Unlike the prior art described above 1 and 2 , where all three AC-side connections 9a', 9b', 9c' of the inverter unit 7' are connected only via the inverter unit 7', ie via the switching elements of the inverter unit 7', with the external conductors L1', L2', L3' or the external conductor L1 ' and the neutral conductor N' are connected in the exemplary embodiment according to the invention 3 an AC-side connection 9a of the three AC-side connections 9a, 9b, 9c of the inverter unit 7 is connected to the neutral conductor N, directly via a bypass conductor 21, which connects the inverter unit 7, the rectifier unit 11 and the energy storage 13 or the intermediate circuit 19, in which the energy storage 13 is provided and therefore no switching elements of the inverter unit 7, the rectifier unit 11 and the intermediate circuit 19 pass through. The remaining two AC-side connections 9b, 9c of the three AC-side connections 9a, 9b, 9c of the inverter unit 7 are only connected via the inverter unit 7, the rectifier unit 11 and the intermediate circuit 19 or their switching elements to an outer conductor L1 of the three outer conductors L1, L2, L3 tied together.

The two capacitors 15 of the energy storage 13 are connected to one another via a connection point 23, which is connected to the neutral conductor N to stabilize the capacitor voltage, namely via a stabilization conductor 25, which is connected on the one hand to the connection point 23 between the two capacitors 15 and on the other hand to the bypass conductor 21 is connected.

Furthermore, the controller has a short-circuiter 27, which is connected to the three primary connections P1, P2, P3 and is adapted to short-circuit the three primary connections P1, P2, P3 to one another and to ground them in order to protect the controller 3 from overloads. The controller also has a filter circuit 10 with three filter capacitors for filtering the switching frequency interference current together with the inductors 35.

In the embodiments of 3a and 3b the rectifier unit 11 is a controllable rectifier unit. The controllable rectifier unit can be connected to several active switching elements, in this case transistors 29, are formed. The embodiments of the 3a and 3b differ in that in 3a two AC-side connections 9b, 9c of the three AC-side connections 9a, 9b, 9c of the inverter unit 7 are connected to the energy storage 13 via a 2-level circuit of the inverter unit 7, while in 3b the two AC voltage side connections 9b, 9c of the three AC voltage side connections 9a, 9b, 9c of the inverter unit 7 are connected to the energy storage 13 via a 3-level circuit of the inverter unit 7.

In the embodiment with 2-level topology shown in Fig. 3a, the rectifier unit 11 has an AC voltage side connection 17 and two DC voltage side connections 31, which are connected to one another and to the AC voltage side connection 17 via a conductor 33. The conductor 33 has a transistor 29 on both sides between the AC voltage side connection 17 and one of the DC voltage side connections 31. The AC voltage side connection 17 of the rectifier unit is connected to the external conductor L1 via an inductance 35. The DC voltage side connections 31 of the rectifier unit 11 are connected on the one hand to the intermediate circuit 19, which has two series-connected capacitors 15, and on the other hand to two DC voltage side connections 37 of the inverter unit 7. The inverter unit 7 has two conductors 39 connected in parallel, both of which are connected to both one and the other DC voltage side connection 37 of the inverter unit 7. Each of the two conductors 39 has two transistors 29, with an AC-side connection 9b, 9c of the inverter unit 7 being provided between each pair of transistors 29, which in turn is connected via an inductance 35 to one of the primary connections P2, P3 of the transformer. The filter circuit 10 with its filter capacitors is connected to the connection point 23 of the intermediate circuit 19 and to two AC-side connections 9b, 9c on the primary connection side of the inductors 35 and the AC-side connection 17 of the rectifier unit 11.

The embodiment with 3-level topology shown in Fig. 3b differs from the embodiment 3a in that each of the six transistors 29 of the rectifier unit 11 and the inverter unit 7 was replaced by a pair of series-connected transistors 29, with a return 41 being provided between the two pairs of transistors 29 of each conductor 33, 39, which are the connection points between two transistors 29 of a pair of transistors 29 of a conductor 33, 39 connects to one another, each return 41 having two diodes 43 connected in series. In addition, the 3-level topology has a center conductor 45, which connects the connection points between two diodes of each feedback 41 and the stabilization conductor 25 to one another.

The ones in the 4a and 4b The exemplary embodiments shown differ from the exemplary embodiments 3a and 3b in that the rectifier unit 11 is a non-controllable rectifier unit. The non-controllable rectifier unit can be formed by connecting several passive switching elements, in the present case diodes 43. The embodiment is the 4a analogous to the embodiment of 3a formed with the only difference that the two transistors 29 of the rectifier unit 11 3a were replaced by two diodes 43. The rectifier unit 11 of the embodiment of 4b is analogous to the rectifier unit 11 4a educated.

The ones in the 5a and 5b The exemplary embodiments shown differ from the exemplary embodiments 3a and 3b in that the rectifier unit 11 has not just one, but two or three (gray background) AC voltage side connections 17. Depending on the number of AC voltage side connections 17, the rectifier unit has two or three (gray background) conductors 33 connected in parallel to one another, each like the one conductor 33 of the rectifier unit 11 3a and 3b respectively are constructed.

The ones in the 6a and 6b The exemplary embodiments shown differ from the exemplary embodiments 3a and 3b in that there is no stabilization conductor 25 that connects the intermediate circuit 19 to the bypass conductor 21. Instead, the rectifier unit 11 has a second conductor 33, which is constructed like the first conductor 33 and which is connected in parallel to the first conductor 33. The second conductor 33 of the rectifier unit 11 now has a second AC voltage side connection 17, which is connected to the bypass conductor 21 via an inductor 35. In addition, the energy storage 13 only includes one capacitor 15 instead of two capacitors 15.

The ones in the 7a and 7b The exemplary embodiments shown differ from the exemplary embodiments 3a and 3b in that the AC voltage side connection 9a of the inverter unit 7 is connected via the bypass conductor 21, instead of being connected to the neutral conductor N, to an outer conductor L2, which is different from the outer conductor L1 with which the AC voltage side connection 17 of the rectifier unit 11 is connected. The neutral conductor N has no connection in this embodiment.

A controller system 1 according to the invention according to the exemplary embodiments described above can be operated bidirectionally, is capable of causing no input current distortion and no reactive power consumption or does not require any additional measures to avoid this, can be constructed in a particularly simple and space-saving manner and incurs low costs.

Claims (14)

Controller (3), comprising: a transformer (5) with a primary side (P) and a secondary side (S), the primary side (P) having three primary windings which are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another form three primary connections (P1, P2, P3), and the secondary side (S) has three secondary windings, each secondary winding of the three secondary windings being connectable to an outer conductor (L1, L2, L3) of three outer conductors (L1, L2, L3), so that each outer conductor (L1, L2, L3). three outer conductors (L1, L2, L3) are assigned a secondary winding of the three secondary windings and for each outer conductor (L1, L2, L3) a first section (A1) of the outer conductor (L1, L2, L3), which is assigned to the outer conductor (L1, L2 , L3) associated secondary winding and a second section (A2) of the outer conductor (L1, L2, L3) are connected in series in this order, and an inverter unit (7) with three AC-side connections (9a, 9b, 9c), each AC-side connection (9a, 9b, 9c) of the three AC-side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) having a primary connection (P1, P2, P3) of the three primary connections (P1, P2, P3) is connected, so that each primary connection (P1, P2, P3) is assigned an AC voltage side connection (9a, 9b, 9c), wherein an AC voltage side connection (9a) of the three AC voltage side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) can be connected either directly to a neutral conductor (N) or directly to an external conductor (L2) of the three external conductors (L1, L2, L3). is. wherein the controller (3) has a rectifier unit (11) which is connected to the inverter unit (7) via an energy storage (13) and has at least one AC voltage side connection (17), each AC voltage side connection (17) of the at least one AC voltage side connection (17) of the rectifier unit (11) can be connected to an external conductor (L1, L2, L3) of the three external conductors (L1, L2, L3). wherein the energy storage (13) has two capacitors (15) which are connected to one another via a connection point (23), which is when the AC voltage side connection (9a) of the three AC voltage side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) can be connected directly to the neutral conductor (N), can be connected directly to the neutral conductor (N), and when the AC voltage side connection (9a) of the three AC voltage side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) is directly connected to the external conductor (L2) of the three external conductors (L1, L2, L3) can be connected directly to this external conductor (L2). regulator Claim 1 , wherein the AC voltage side connection (9a) of the inverter unit (7), which can be connected either directly to the neutral conductor (N) or directly to the outer conductor (L2), can be connected directly to the neutral conductor (N). regulator Claim 1 , wherein the AC voltage side connection (9a) of the inverter unit (7), which can be connected either directly to the neutral conductor (N) or directly to the external conductor (L2), can be connected directly to the external conductor (L2). Controller according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , wherein two AC-side connections (9b, 9c) of the three AC-side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) are connected to the energy storage (13) via a 2-level circuit of the inverter unit (7). Controller according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , wherein two AC-side connections (9b, 9c) of the three AC-side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) are connected to the energy storage (13) via a 3-level circuit of the inverter unit (7). Controller according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , wherein the rectifier unit (11) is a controllable rectifier unit. Controller according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , wherein the rectifier unit (11) is a non-controllable rectifier unit. Controller according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , wherein the at least one AC voltage side connection (17) of the rectifier unit (11) has an AC voltage side connection (17). Controller according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , wherein the at least one AC voltage side connection (17) of the rectifier unit (11) has two AC voltage side connections (17). Controller according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , wherein the at least one AC voltage side connection (17) of the rectifier unit (11) has three AC voltage side connections (17). Controller according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controller (3) has a short-circuiter (27) which is connected to the three primary connections (P1, P2, P3) and is adapted to short-circuit the three primary connections (P1, P2, P3) to one another and to ground. Regulator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the three primary windings are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another form a delta connection (D), so that the primary windings connected to one another in the delta connection (D) form the three primary connections (P1, P2, P3). . Controller according to one of the Claims 1 until 11 , whereby the three primary windings are connected to one another in such a way that the primary windings connected to one another form a star connection (Y), so that the primary windings connected to one another in the star connection (Y) form the three primary connections (P1, P2, P3). Regulator system (1) with three external conductors (L1, L2, L3), a neutral conductor (N) and a regulator (3) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each secondary winding of the three secondary windings has an external conductor (L1, L2, L3) of the three External conductor (L1, L2, L3) is connected and the AC voltage side connection (9a) of the three AC voltage side connections (9a, 9b, 9c) of the inverter unit (7) either directly to the neutral conductor (N) or directly to an external conductor (L2). three external conductors (L1, L2, L3) are connected.

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