DE102020124297A1 - extrusion device - Google Patents

Abstract

Extrusion device (1) for processing plastic material for the extrusion-based production of at least one three-dimensional object, comprising:- a first body (2) which has a filling area for filling in a plastic material, in particular granular or granular material, to be processed by means of the extrusion device (1); - a second body (3) which has an interior space (3.1.1), in particular cylindrical or - shaped, for receiving a third body (4) in the shape of an extruder screw and for plasticizing plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device (1); third body (4), which is accommodated in the interior space (3.1.1) of the second body (3); - a fourth body (5) arranged or formed connected between the first body (2) and the second body (3).

Description

The invention relates to an extrusion device for the extrusion-based production of at least one object.

Such extrusion devices for the extrusion-based production of objects, i. H. in particular also three-dimensional objects, are basically known from the prior art in different versions.

The functional or constructive configuration of corresponding extrusion devices typically sees a first body, also regularly referred to as a filling body, which has a filling area for filling in a product to be processed by means of the extrusion device, e.g. B. granulate-like or -shaped, plastic material, a second body, also regularly referred to as an extruder cylinder, which has a, in particular cylindrical or -shaped, interior space for receiving an extruder screw-shaped third body and for plasticizing plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device, as well as a regular also referred to as an extruder screw-shaped third body, which is accommodated in the interior space of the second body.

This configuration of corresponding extrusion devices is in need of improvement, e.g. B. because they are particularly in the area of the catchment zone, i. H. in the area defined by the respective body, in which, during operation, plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device is fed into the extrusion device, d. H. in particular in the second body (extruder barrel), is sometimes subject to particular wear and/or because it can cause a sometimes undesired thermal coupling between the first and the second body.

The invention is based on the object of specifying an extrusion device which is improved in comparison thereto.

The object is achieved by an extrusion device for the extrusion-based production of at least one three-dimensional object according to claim 1. The dependent claims relate to possible embodiments of the extrusion device.

A first aspect of the invention relates to an extrusion device for the extrusion-based production of at least one object, i. H. especially a three-dimensional object. The extrusion device is therefore for the extrusion-based production of at least one object, i. H. in particular a three-dimensional object set up. The extrusion device can be used for the at least partial, possibly complete, layered or layered extrusion-based production of a three-dimensional object; the extrusion-based production of a three-dimensional object by means of the extrusion device can therefore take place at least in sections, if necessary completely, in layers.

The term “object” can in principle be understood to mean any one- or multi-dimensional object or any one- or multi-dimensional section of a corresponding object. A corresponding object can e.g. B. form a technical component or a technical component group. A corresponding section can e.g. B. form a section of a technical component or a section of a technical component group.

The extrusion device is for extrusion-based processing of at least one plastic material, i. H. set up for the extrusion of at least one plastic material onto a substrate. A plastic material is to be understood in particular as an extrudable or extrudable thermoplastic material. In principle, the term “plastic material” also includes mixtures of at least two chemically different plastic materials and/or mixtures of at least one plastic material with at least one filler or additive material.

The extrusion device comprises a configuration with at least four bodies, each of which can also be designated or considered as components or component groups, the functional and constructive design of which as well as their interaction will be explained in more detail below.

A first body of the extrusion device has a filling area for filling in a plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device, in particular a granular or pellet-like or pellet-like plastic material. The first body can also be referred to or considered as a filling body. The first body typically includes a main portion and a filler portion communicating therewith. The main section typically comprises an interior space that is in particular cylindrical or - shaped, or delimits such an interior space; the main section can therefore have a basic shape in the manner of or in the shape of a hollow cylinder, ie in general a rotationally symmetrical basic shape. The filling section typically comprises a z. B. funnel-like or -shaped or stub-like or - shaped filling element or limits such. The plastic material to be processed can be filled into the main section via the filling element by means of the extrusion device. The filling element can be arranged or formed on the main section so as to extend at least in sections at an angle relative to the axis of symmetry or the central axis of the main section. The first body can be provided with at least one, e.g. B. flange-like or - shaped, attachment interface for positive and / or non-positive attachment of the first body to at least one other body or another connection component of the extrusion device.

A second body of the extrusion device has an interior space, in particular cylinder-like or -shaped, for accommodating a third body in the shape of an extruder screw and for melting or plasticizing plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device. The second body can also be referred to or considered as an extruder cylinder. The second body typically includes a main portion and a discharge portion communicating therewith. The main section typically includes the, in particular cylinder-like or - shaped, interior space or delimits it; the main portion can therefore have a hollow cylindrical shape, i. H. generally have a rotationally symmetrical basic shape. The discharge section can have at least one discharge opening, optionally nozzle-like or nozzle-shaped, through which melted or plasticized plastic material is discharged from the second body onto a substrate, d. H. in particular on a building board, on an object, or on a previously extruded position or layer of the or a plastic material. The discharge section is typically arranged or formed on the main section coaxially with respect to the axis of symmetry or central axis of the main section. The second body can be provided with at least one, e.g. B. flange-like or flange-shaped, attachment interface for positive and / or non-positive attachment of the second body to at least one other body or another connection component of the extrusion device.

A third body of the extrusion device has an extruder screw-like, i. H. generally a rotationally symmetrical, basic shape. The third body can also be referred to or considered as an extruder screw. The third body may include a cylinder-like main portion having one or more flights. The third body can be divided into several, in particular in cross-sectional geometry and / or screw geometry, d. H. e.g. B. thread depth, pitch, etc., of the or the screw threads different zones be divided; in particular, the third body can be divided into a feed zone, a compression zone and a metering zone. The third body is typically arranged or formed coaxially with respect to the symmetry or central axis of the main portion of the second body in the interior space of the second body. The third body can extend axially through both the second body, i. H. in particular through the interior of the main section of the second body, as well as at least partially through the first body, d. H. in particular, be arranged or formed to extend through the interior of the main portion of the first body. The third body can be provided with at least one, e.g. B. flange-like or - shaped, attachment interface for positive and / or non-positive attachment of the third body to at least one other body or another connection component of the extrusion device. The third body can also be provided with a driving device, e.g. H. e.g. B. a drive motor, be coupled, via which the third body z. B. in a rotation about its symmetry or central axis and / or in a movement along its symmetry or central axis.

The extrusion device is characterized by a fourth body, which is arranged or formed between the first body and the second body. Depending on the configuration, the fourth body can also be referred to or considered as a feed bush. The fourth body typically includes a main portion. The main section typically comprises an interior space, in particular a cylinder-like or cylinder-shaped interior space, or delimits such an interior space; the main portion can therefore have a hollow cylindrical shape, i. H. generally have a rotationally symmetrical basic shape. The interior space of the main portion of the fourth body thus communicates with the interior space of the main portion of the first body and with the interior space of the main portion of the second body. The fourth body can be provided with at least one, e.g. B. flange-like or -shaped, attachment interface for positive and / or non-positive attachment of the fourth body to at least one other body or other connecting component of the extrusion device.

At this point it should be noted in general that the fourth body can represent a separate component which, as mentioned, can be attached via appropriate attachment interfaces, e.g. B. positively and / or non-positively, can be attached to at least one other body or another connection component of the extrusion device. The attachment of the fourth body to the at least one wide Ren body or another connection component of the extrusion device can be detachable (without damage or destruction). However, it is equally conceivable that the fourth body, e.g. B. cohesive, not (damage or non-destructive) solvable at the at least one other body or other connecting component of the extrusion device, which z. B. can be realized by adhesive bonds, welded joints. The fourth body can therefore optionally form a section of another body, ie in particular the first or the second body.

The extrusion device thus comprises an arrangement of four bodies when installed as intended. Specifically, the arrangement consists of the first body, the fourth body connected in a communicating manner to the first body, and the second body connected to the fourth body. The first body, the fourth body and the second body are typically arranged coaxially with respect to their respective symmetry or central axes. Thus, a continuous interior volume extending axially through the extrusion means is formed by the interior spaces respectively defined by the major portions of the aforesaid bodies; the interior spaces of the first, fourth and second bodies communicate with one another, so that solid or (partially) melted plastic material can be conveyed from one interior space to an immediately adjacent interior space. The third body extends axially with respect to the respective symmetry or central axes at least in sections, optionally completely, through the respective inner spaces of the second body, the fourth body and the first body.

The provision of a component which is arranged or formed between the first body and the second body, namely the fourth body, provides on the one hand an extremely practicable possibility of having areas of the extrusion device which are sometimes exposed to particular wear and tear in a separate component, namely the fourth Body to "bundle" which run for a very wear-resistant and also because the attachment of the fourth body to another body or other connecting component of the extrusion device, z. B. realized via a screw attachment, typically (damage or non-destructive) can be solvable, can be easily replaced if necessary in a comparatively simple manner. On the other hand, the provision of a component arranged or formed between the first and the second body, namely the fourth body, gives an extremely practical possibility of preventing an undesired thermal coupling between the first body and the second body than the fourth body due to its Material or its material structure can act as a thermal barrier between the first body and the second body.

The fourth body can in general, e.g. B. material or material structure-related, other properties, d. H. in particular other mechanical and/or thermal properties, such as e.g. B. density, hardness, thermal conductivity, etc., than the rest of the body. The properties of the extrusion device can thus be varied at least locally by a specific selection or use of fourth bodies with specific properties.

Overall, this provides an improved extrusion device.

The fourth body can have at least one intake area for drawing plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device into the interior of the main section of the second body, via the filling area of the first body into the interior space delimited by the main section of the first body. The at least one catchment area can be formed by a geometry or include one which, in addition to the function of drawing plastic material into the interior of the main section of the second body, also has at least one other function, such as e.g. B. breaking up or breaking up of plastic material, mixing of plastic material, etc., holds. The geometry can also be chosen so that forces such. B. shear forces applied to the plastic material, which z. B. cause a breaking up or cutting up of plastic material.

As follows, the at least one catchment area z. B. be formed by an axially extending, in particular groove-like or -shaped, recess in the inner space delimiting wall of the main portion or include such. However, geometries with the same effect are also conceivable, e.g. e.g. chamfers, bevels, etc.

The at least one catchment area of the fourth body can be formed in the area of a wall delimiting the interior space of the main section of the fourth body, which, as mentioned, is typically hollow-cylindrical or in the shape of a hollow cylinder. As indicated, the fourth body can also have several catchment areas. Individual, several or all catchment areas can be the same or different in their respective geometric dimensions. The catchment areas can be at different (inner) circumferential positions of the delimiting the interior Be formed wall of the main section. In particular, the catchment areas can be formed at different (inner) circumferential positions of the wall of the main section that delimits the interior space. For an exemplary configuration with two catchment areas, these can therefore be arranged or formed offset by an angle of 180° with respect to one another with respect to a cylindrical inner circumference; for an exemplary configuration with three catchment areas, these can therefore be arranged offset with respect to one another by an angle of 120° with respect to a cylindrical inner circumference or formed, for an exemplary configuration with four catchment areas, these can therefore be arranged or formed offset from one another by an angle of 90° with respect to a cylindrical inner circumference, etc. Although the aforementioned examples relate to uniformly distributed arrangements of corresponding catchment areas, unevenly distributed arrangements are also more appropriate catchment areas conceivable.

The or a corresponding catchment area can be designed in particular as a groove-like or groove-shaped recess extending axially with respect to the symmetry or central axis of the main section of the fourth body in the wall of the main section of the fourth body that delimits the interior space. A corresponding recess can have an optimized geometry with regard to drawing in plastic material. A corresponding recess typically represents a local cross-sectional change, i. H. in particular a cross-sectional reduction of the wall delimiting the interior of the main section of the fourth body.

A corresponding recess can, for. B. in the region of their free end facing the third body (when the extrusion device is installed as intended) have a transition region that is particularly arched or inclined. A further optimized catchment area can be realized by a corresponding transition area, as "dead areas", in which plastic material accumulates in an undesired manner, can be avoided in the transition area between the fourth body and the second body.

The main section of the fourth body can be designed with a supply incline or curvature, in particular in the area of a free end facing the first body. By a corresponding feed slope or curvature, d. H. a feed area that is sloping or curved at least in sections, a further optimized feed area can be realized as "dead areas", in which plastic material accumulates in an undesired manner, can be avoided in the transition area between the first body and the fourth body. It is conceivable that for different plastic materials, i. H. in particular different plastic material granules, fourth bodies with different feed slopes or curvatures can be provided in order to realize the most optimized possible feeding of different plastic materials.

The main section of the fourth body can, in particular with a free end facing the first body, engage at least in sections in a particularly cylindrical receiving area of the first body provided for this purpose. The main portion of the fourth body can be in the intended mounted state of the extrusion device so by a corresponding intervention at least partially in a corresponding, z. B. formed by a recess, be stored receiving area of the first body. In this way, a stable arrangement of the fourth body, in particular with regard to axially and radially acting forces, can be ensured.

A thermal decoupling device for thermally decoupling the fourth body from the second body can be arranged or formed between the fourth body and the first body and/or the second body. The fourth body and optionally further bodies thermally coupled to the fourth body, d. H. in particular the first body, can therefore be thermally decoupled or insulated from the first or second body and possibly from further bodies thermally coupled to the first or second body. Such can z. B. the thermal load acting on the first body and thus the effort for any necessary cooling of the first body can be reduced or minimized, which has a positive effect on the filling of plastic material, as an undesirable "sticking" of the plastic material is reduced or minimized can be.

A corresponding thermal decoupling device can include at least one thermal decoupling element made of a thermally insulating material, in particular a ceramic material, or a thermally insulating material structure, in particular a ceramic material structure. The typically ring-like or ring-shaped at least one thermal decoupling element can form a separate component which, thermally decoupling it, is arranged connected between the fourth body and the second body. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that a corresponding thermal decoupling element a section of the fourth body and/or the second body and/or the first body.

In particular, it is conceivable that the fourth body itself forms a corresponding thermal decoupling element; the fourth body can do this z. B. be formed at least in sections from a thermally insulating material, in particular a ceramic material, or a thermally insulating material structure, in particular a ceramic material structure. A corresponding design of the fourth body from a wear-resistant material represents a configuration of the extrusion device with a targeted local thermal barrier.

The first body can be formed at least in sections, if necessary completely, from a light metal, in particular from aluminum or aluminum alloy. Forming the first body from a light metal can have advantages with regard to the weight of the first body and with regard to the thermal conductivity and the cooling behavior of the first body resulting therefrom.

As mentioned, the fourth body can in general, e.g. B. material or material structure-related, other properties, d. H. in particular have other mechanical and/or thermal properties than the other bodies.

The fourth body can therefore be formed at least in sections, if necessary completely, from a particularly wear-resistant material, in particular steel, preferably hardened steel, or ceramic. Forming the fourth body from a wear-resistant material can have advantages with regard to the wear behavior of the fourth body. A corresponding design of the fourth body from a wear-resistant material represents a configuration of the extrusion device with targeted local wear protection.

The material combination of a light metal, i. H. in particular aluminum, for forming the first body and a wear-resistant material for forming the fourth body, represents a preferred configuration of the extrusion device in any case in terms of material.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a device for the extrusion-based production of at least one object, in particular a three-dimensional object. The device comprises at least one extrusion device according to the first aspect of the invention. The device can be compared to the extrusion device z. B. include further connection components, and a drive device for driving the third body. All explanations in connection with the extrusion device according to the first aspect apply analogously to the device according to the second aspect.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for the extrusion-based production of at least one object, in particular a three-dimensional object. The method comprises the steps: melting or plasticizing of plastic material by means of the extrusion device and (quasi)continuous or (quasi)discontinuous extrusion of the melted or plasticized plastic material onto a substrate. An extrusion device according to the first aspect or a device according to the second aspect is used to carry out the method. All explanations in connection with the extrusion device according to the first aspect and/or the device according to the second aspect apply analogously to the method according to the third aspect.

• 1 eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Extrusionseinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2, 3 jeweils eine Prinzipdarstellung eines vierten Körpers gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel; und
• 4 eine Prinzipdarstellung eines vierten Körpers gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.

The invention is explained again using exemplary embodiments in the figures. It shows:

• 1 a schematic representation of an extrusion device according to an embodiment;
• 2 , 3 each a schematic representation of a fourth body according to an embodiment; and
• 4 a schematic representation of a fourth body according to a further embodiment.

1 shows a schematic representation of an extrusion device 1 according to an embodiment in a longitudinal section view.

The extrusion device 1 is for extrusion-based production of at least one three-dimensional object (not shown), such as. B. a technical component or a technical component group, and thus for extrusion-based processing of at least one plastic material, d. H. set up for the extrusion of at least one extrudable or extrudable thermoplastic material onto a substrate U. The extrusion-based production of a three-dimensional object by means of the extrusion device 1 can be carried out at least in sections, possibly completely, in layers.

The extrusion device 1 comprises a configuration with at least four bodies 2 - 5 , each of which can optionally also be designated or considered as components or component groups, their functional and constructive design as well as their interaction is explained in more detail below.

A first body 2 of the extrusion device 1 has a filling area for filling in a plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device 1, in particular a granular or -shaped or pellet-like or -shaped plastic material. The first body 1 represents a filling body and can be referred to or considered accordingly. The first body comprises a main section 2.1 and a filling section 2.2 communicating with this. The main section 2.1 comprises an interior space 2.1.1, in particular a cylinder-like or cylinder-shaped interior space 2.1.1 or delimits such an interior space; the main section 2.1 can therefore have a hollow-cylindrical shape, i. H. generally have a rotationally symmetrical basic shape. The filling section 2.2 comprises a funnel-like or -shaped or socket-like or -shaped filling element 2.2.1 or delimits such. The plastic material to be processed can be filled into the main section 2.1 via the filling element 2.2.1 by means of the extrusion device 1 . In the exemplary embodiment, the filling element 2.2.1 is arranged or formed on the main section 2.1 so as to extend at an angle relative to the symmetry or central axis of the main section 2.1 indicated by dashed lines. The first body 2 can be provided with a z. B. flange-like or flange-shaped, attachment interface (not shown) for positive and / or non-positive attachment of the first body 2 to at least one other body 3 - 5 or another connection component (not shown) of the extrusion device 1 can be equipped.

A second body 3 of the extrusion device 1 has a cylindrical or cylindrical interior 3.1.1 for receiving a third body 4 in the shape of an extruder screw and for melting or plasticizing plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device 1 . The second 3 body represents an extruder cylinder and can be designated or considered accordingly. The second body 3 comprises a main section 3.1 and a discharge section 3.2 communicating with this. The main section 3.1 comprises the interior space 3.1.1, which is particularly cylindrical or shaped, or delimits it; the main section 3.1 can therefore have a basic shape in the manner or shape of a hollow cylinder, ie in general a rotationally symmetrical basic shape. The discharge section 3.2 has a nozzle-like or -shaped, discharge opening 3.2.1, via which melted or plasticized plastic material from the second body 3 onto a substrate U, ie in particular onto a building board, onto an object, or onto a previously extruded Location or layer of the or a plastic material can be discharged. The discharge section 3.2 is arranged or formed coaxially on the main section 3.1 with respect to the symmetry or central axis of the main section 3.1 indicated by dashed lines. The second body 3 can be provided with a z. B. flange-like or - shaped, attachment interface (not shown) for positive and / or non-positive attachment of the second body 3 another body 2, 3, 5 or another connecting component of the extrusion device 1 may be equipped. in the in 1 In the embodiment shown, the second body 3 is fastened to the fourth body 5, which is explained in more detail below.

A third body 4 of the extrusion device 1 has an extruder screw-like, i. H. generally a rotationally symmetrical, basic shape. The third body 4 represents an extruder screw and can be designated or considered accordingly. The third body 4 comprises a cylinder-like or -shaped main section 4.1 with one or more screw threads (not shown). The third body 4 can be divided into several, in particular in cross-sectional geometry and / or screw geometry, d. H. e.g. B. thread depth, pitch, etc., of the or the screw threads differentiating zones (not shown) can be divided; in particular, the third body 4 can be divided into a feed zone, a compression zone and a metering zone. The third body 4 is arranged or formed coaxially with respect to the symmetry or central axis of the main section 3.1 of the second body 3 shown in dashed lines in the interior space 3.1.1 of the second body 3. The third body 4 is arranged or formed to extend axially both through the interior space 3.1.1 of the main section 3.1 of the second body 3 and at least in sections through the interior space 2.1.1 of the main section 2.1 of the first body 2. The third body 4 can be equipped with at least one flange-like or flange-shaped attachment interface for positive and/or non-positive attachment of the third body 4 to at least one other body 2, 3, 5 or another connecting component of the extrusion device 1. The third body 4 can also be provided with a driving device 6, i. H. e.g. B. a drive motor, via which the third body 4 can be set in rotation about its axis of symmetry or central axis and/or in a movement along its axis of symmetry or central axis.

The extrusion device 1 is characterized by a in the 2 , 3 shown separately in a longitudinal section view ( 2 ) and a top view of the fourth body 5 ( 3 ) from which is arranged switched between the first body 2 and the second body 3. The fourth In the exemplary embodiment, body 5 represents a feed bush and can be referred to or considered accordingly. The fourth body 5 comprises a main section 5.1. The main section 5.1 includes a cylinder-like or -shaped interior 5.1.1 or delimits such; the main section 5.1 can therefore have a hollow-cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical basic shape, ie generally a rotationally symmetrical basic shape. The interior 5.1.1 of the main section 5.1 of the fourth body 5 thus communicates with the interior 2.1.1 of the main section 2.1 of the first body 2 and with the interior 3.1.1 of the main section 3.1 of the second body 3. The fourth body 5 can be provided with a e.g. B. flange-like or - shaped, attachment interface (not shown) for positive and / or non-positive attachment of the fourth body 5 to at least one other body 2, 3, 4, or another connecting component of the extrusion device 1 be equipped. in the in 1 shown embodiment, the fourth body 5 is attached to the first body 2 by way of example.

The extrusion device 1 comprises in the in 1 shown properly mounted state therefore an arrangement of four bodies 2 - 5. The arrangement consists specifically of the first body 2, the fourth body 5 connected to the first body 2 communicating and the second body 3 connected to the fourth body 5. The first body 2, the fourth body 5 and the second body 3 are arranged coaxially with respect to their respective symmetry or central axes. In this way, a continuous inner volume extending axially through the extrusion device 1 is formed by the inner spaces 2.1.1, 5.1.1, 3.1.1 defined by the main sections 2.1, 5.1, 3.1 of the aforementioned bodies 2, 3, 5; the interiors 2.1.1, 5.1.1, 3.1.1 of the first, fourth and second body 2, 5, 3 communicate with each other, so that solid or (partially) melted plastic material from an interior 2.1.1, 5.1.1, 3.1 .1 can be conveyed into an immediately adjacent interior space 2.1.1, 5.1.1, 3.1.1. The third body 4 extends axially with respect to the respective symmetry or central axes at least in sections, if necessary completely, through the respective inner spaces 2.1.1, 5.1.1, 3.1.1 of the bodies 2, 3, 5.

The provision of the fourth body 5, which is arranged or formed between the first body 2 and the second body 3, provides an extremely practical option for areas of the extrusion device 1, which are sometimes exposed to particular wear and tear, in a separate component, namely the fourth body 5, to "bundle" which, on the one hand, is very wear-resistant and, moreover, since the attachment of the fourth body 5 to another body 2, 3, 4 or any other connecting component of the extrusion device 1, e.g. B. realized via a screw attachment, typically (damage or non-destructive) is detachable, can be easily replaced if necessary in a comparatively simple manner. In addition, the provision of the fourth body 5 arranged or formed between the first and the second body 2, 3 provides an extremely practicable possibility of preventing an undesired thermal coupling between the first body 2 and the second body 3, as the fourth body 5 can act as a thermal barrier between the first body 2 and the second body 3 due to its material or its material structure.

in the in 1 The exemplary embodiment shown, the fourth body 5 has a feed area 5.2 for drawing plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device 1 into the inner space 2.1 via the filling area 2.2 of the first body 2 into the inner space 2.1.1 delimited by the main section 2.1 of the first body 2. 1 of the main section 2.1 of the second body 2. In the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures, the catchment area 5.2 of the fourth body 5 is formed in the area of a wall of the main section 5.1 that delimits the interior space 5.1.1.

If the fourth body 5, as in the in 4 shown embodiment shown, has several catchment areas 5.2, individual, several or all catchment areas 5.2 can be the same or different in their respective geometric dimensions. The catchment areas 5.2 can be formed at different (inner) circumferential positions of the wall of the main section 5.1 delimiting the interior space 5.1.1. In particular, the catchment areas 5.2 can be formed at different (inner) circumferential positions of the wall of the main section 5.1 that delimits the interior space.

For in accordance with the embodiment 4 The configuration shown as an example with two catchment areas 5.2 can therefore have a cylindrical inner circumference, e.g. B. be arranged or formed offset from one another by an angle of 180°, for an exemplary configuration with three catchment areas 5.2, these can therefore be arranged or formed offset from one another by an angle of 120° with respect to a cylindrical inner circumference, for an exemplary configuration with four catchment areas 5.2, these can therefore be arranged or formed offset from one another by an angle of 90° with respect to a cylindrical inner circumference, etc. Even though the aforementioned examples are evenly distributed Concerning arrangements of corresponding catchment areas 5.2, non-uniformly distributed arrangements of corresponding catchment areas 5.2 are also conceivable.

Based on 2 - 4 it can be seen that a corresponding catchment area 5.2 z. B. as an axially with respect to the symmetry or central axis of the main section 5.1 of the fourth body 5 extending, in particular groove-like or groove-shaped, recess can be formed in the wall of the main section 5.1 of the fourth body 5 delimiting the interior space. A corresponding recess typically represents a local cross-sectional change, ie in particular a cross-sectional reduction, of the wall of the main section 5.1 of the fourth body 5 delimiting the interior space and can have an optimized geometry with regard to the drawing in of plastic material.

Based on 2 It can be seen that a corresponding recess in the area of its free end facing the third body 4 can have a curved or inclined transition area. A further optimized catchment area 5.2 can be realized by a corresponding transition area, as “dead areas”, in which plastic material accumulates in an undesired manner, can be avoided in the transition area between the fourth body 5 and the second body 3.

Based on 2 It can also be seen that a main section 5.1 of the fourth body 5 in the region of its free end facing the first body 2 can be formed with a feed slope 5.3 or curvature. A corresponding feed slope 5.3 or curvature, i.e. a feed area that is slanted or curved at least in sections, can be used to realize a further optimized feed area 5.2, as “dead areas”, in which plastic material accumulates in an undesired manner, in the transition area between the first body 2 and the fourth body 5 can be avoided. It is conceivable that for different plastic materials, ie in particular different plastic material granules, fourth bodies 5 with different supply slopes 5.3 or curvatures are provided in order to implement the most optimized possible feeding of different plastic materials.

Based on 1 It can be seen that the main section 5.1 of the fourth body 5 can engage in sections with a free end facing the first body 2 in a cylinder-like or cylinder-shaped receiving area (not labeled) of the first body 2 provided for this purpose. The main section 5.1 of the fourth body 5 can be in the intended assembled state of the extrusion device 1 so by a corresponding intervention at least partially in a corresponding, z. B. formed by a recess, the receiving area of the first body 2 can be mounted. In this way, a stable arrangement of the fourth body 5, in particular with regard to axially and radially acting forces, can be ensured.

in the in 1 A thermal decoupling device 7 for thermal decoupling of the fourth body 5 from the second body 3 is arranged or formed between the fourth body 5 and the second body 3 . The fourth body 5 and optionally the first body 2 thermally coupled to the fourth body 5 can therefore be thermally decoupled or insulated from the second body 3 and optionally to the second body 3 thermally coupled further bodies. In this way, the thermal load acting on the first body 2 and thus the effort for any necessary cooling of the first body 2 can be reduced or minimized, which has a positive effect on the filling of plastic material, as unwanted "sticking" of the plastic material is reduced or eliminated .can be minimized. In principle, a corresponding thermal decoupling device 7 can also be arranged or formed between the fourth body 5 and the first body 2 .

The thermal decoupling device 7 can include at least one thermal decoupling element 7.1 made of a thermally insulating material, in particular a ceramic material, or a thermally insulating material structure, in particular a ceramic material structure. The ring-like or ring-shaped thermal decoupling element 7.1 in the exemplary embodiment can form a separate component which, thermally decoupling it, is arranged connected between the fourth body 5 and the second body 3. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that a corresponding thermal decoupling element 7.1 forms a section of the fourth body 5, the second body 3 or the first body 2.

In principle, it is also conceivable that the fourth body 5 forms the or a corresponding thermal decoupling element 7.1.

The first body 2 is in the in 1 shown embodiment at least in sections, optionally completely, made of a light metal, in particular aluminum or aluminum alloy. The formation of the first body 2 from a light metal can be advantageous in terms of the weight of the first body 2 and with regard to the thermal conductivity and the cooling behavior of the first body 2 resulting therefrom.

The fourth body 5 is in the in 1 shown embodiment at least partially, optionally completely, formed from a wear-resistant material, in particular steel, preferably hardened steel, or ceramic. Forming the fourth body 5 from a wear-resistant material can have advantages with regard to the wear behavior of the fourth body 5 . In addition, the formation of the fourth body 5 from a wear-resistant material represents a configuration of the extrusion device 1 with targeted local wear protection and/or a targeted local thermal barrier.

The material combination of a light metal, i. H. in particular aluminum, for forming the first body 2 and a wear-resistant material for forming the fourth body 5 represents a preferred configuration of the extrusion device 1 in terms of material.

A method for the extrusion-based production of at least one three-dimensional object can be implemented with the exemplary embodiment of the extrusion device 1 shown in the figures.

The method comprises the steps: melting or plasticizing of plastic material by means of the extrusion device 1 and (quasi)continuous or (quasi)discontinuous extrusion of the melted or plasticized plastic material onto a substrate U.

Claims (16)

Extrusion device (1) for processing plastic material for the extrusion-based production of at least one three-dimensional object, comprising: - a first body (2) which has a filling area for filling in a plastic material, in particular granular or granular material, to be processed by means of the extrusion device (1); - a second body (3) which has an interior space (3.1.1), in particular cylindrical or -shaped, for accommodating an extruder screw-shaped third body (4) and for plasticizing plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device (1); - an extruder screw-shaped third body (4) which is accommodated in the inner space (3.1.1) of the second body (3); characterized by a fourth body (5) arranged or formed connected between the first body (2) and the second body (3). extrusion device claim 1 , characterized in that the fourth body (5) has at least one intake area (5.2) for drawing in plastic material to be processed by means of the extrusion device (1) that has been filled in via the filling area and is to be processed into the interior (3.1.1) of the second body (3). extrusion device claim 2 , characterized in that the fourth body (5) comprises a hollow-cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical main section (5.1) defining an interior space (5.1.1), the at least one catchment area (5.2) being in the region of a wall delimiting the interior space (5.1.1). of the main section (5.1) is formed. extrusion device claim 3 , characterized in that the at least one catchment area (5.2) is designed as an axially extending, in particular groove-like or groove-shaped recess in the interior (5.1.1) delimiting wall of the main section (5.1). extrusion device claim 4 , characterized in that the recess in the region of its free end facing the third body (4) has a transition region which is in particular curved or inclined. Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main section (5.1) of the fourth body (5), in particular in the region of its free end facing the first body (2), is designed with a supply incline (5.3) or curvature. Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main section (5.1) of the fourth body (5), in particular with a free end facing the first body (2), at least in sections in a cylinder-like or -shaped, provided for this purpose, Recording area of the first body (2) engages. Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fourth body (5) has at least one fastening section for, in particular releasable, fastening of the fourth body (5) to the first body (3) and/or to the second body (3) and / or on a connecting body of the extrusion device (1). Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling area of the first body (2), in particular a filling space associated with the filling area, communicates with the at least one intake area (5.2) of the fourth body (5). Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the fourth body (5) and the first body (2) and / or the second body (4) a thermal decoupling device (7) for thermal decoupling of the fourth (5) body of the third body (4) is arranged. extrusion device claim 10 , characterized in that the thermal decoupling device (7) comprises at least one thermal decoupling element (7.1) made of a thermally insulating material, in particular a ceramic material, or a thermally insulating material structure. Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fourth body (5) has different mechanical and/or thermal properties than the first body (2) and/or the second body (3). Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first body (2) is formed from a light metal, in particular from aluminum or aluminum alloy. Extrusion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fourth body (5) is formed from a wear-resistant material, in particular steel, preferably hardened steel. Device for the extrusion-based production of at least one object, comprising at least one extrusion device (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Method for the extrusion-based production of at least one object, wherein for carrying out the method an extrusion device (1) according to one of Claims 1 - 14 is used.

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