DE102020124137A1 - Foundation of an offshore structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) of an offshore structure, in particular an offshore wind power plant, comprising at least one tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) with a binding end (106, 206 , 406, 506) which at least contacts the underwater ground surface (226) when the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) is installed, at least one ballast weight element arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702). (104, 204, 404, 504, 704), wherein the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) along the longitudinal axis (101, 401, 501) of the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) is movable.

Description

The application relates to a foundation for an offshore structure, in particular an offshore wind power plant, comprising at least one tower-shaped foundation structure with a binding end which at least makes contact with the underwater ground surface when the foundation is installed. In addition, the application concerns a further foundation, offshore sets, procedures and an offshore structure.

Offshore structures are increasingly being erected, especially at sea. For example, offshore wind farms with a large number of offshore wind energy structures are installed to generate electrical energy or to provide electrical energy from so-called renewable energy sources. Offshore locations are usually characterized by relatively continuous wind conditions and high average wind speeds, so that so-called offshore wind farms are increasingly being built.

As a rule, an offshore wind farm has a large number of offshore wind energy structures, such as a large number of offshore wind power plants, measuring masts and/or at least one offshore transformer station. The offshore wind farm can be electrically connected via the offshore substation to an onshore substation or another offshore substation or offshore converter station, for example. An onshore substation, in turn, can be connected to a public power grid.

An offshore wind turbine is set up to convert kinetic wind energy into electrical energy. Energy cables are laid in the form of submarine cables in order to transmit the electrical energy generated between two offshore wind energy structures or between an offshore wind energy structure and an onshore structure.

With offshore wind farms, but also with other offshore structures (e.g. platforms for the exploration of gas and/or oil), it is common to have an offshore structure with a foundation (e.g. monopile, tripod, tripile or jacket foundations ) to be anchored directly on or in the underwater soil, in particular a seabed.

Since the production of conventional foundations in the form of monopiles becomes more and more difficult and expensive, at least from a water depth of approx. 60 m, other types of foundation are increasingly used from water depths of approx. 60 m.

So it is known from the prior art to use (fully) floating or buoyant foundations (“floating foundations”). Floating foundations with at least one floating body are anchored to the underwater bed by means of anchor chains, anchor ropes or the like. The floating foundation is vertically spaced from the underwater bottom surface. However, the regularly required inspection of the anchor chains, ropes or the like is associated with a great deal of effort, in particular due to the great water depths. In addition, damage and failures of anchor chains, ropes or the like occur again and again, for example due to snap loads ("snap loads"). These can be caused by a current, for example.

So-called soft-soft foundations are more promising foundation types, especially for water depths between approx. 60 m and approx. 150 m. One of these foundations is a stranded monopile in the soft-soft frequency range, i.e. the first natural frequency of the foundation is below the first 1P frequency of the turbine, which acts like stranded spar foundations (“stranded monopiles”) or tower solutions forming an articulation (“articulated tower solution"). These two concepts have in common that a (buoyant) tower-shaped foundation structure (e.g. a monopile) is used with a tie-in end that at least contacts the underwater bottom surface when the foundation is installed.

In the case of the foundations known from the prior art, the transport and installation of such a foundation is complex and expensive and therefore particularly cost-intensive. Such a foundation usually has a buoyancy body in the upper area (i.e. the area located in the area of the water surface when installed) of the tower-shaped foundation structure, in particular in the form of at least one watertight pressure chamber, while a ballast weight element is located in the lower area of the tower-shaped foundation structure. The uneven weight distribution of the tower-shaped foundation structure makes it difficult to transport water, for example to an installation position. Furthermore, with the state of the art, additional ships may be required, which bring in the ballast weight, e.g. in the form of bulk goods (Magnadense, granite, concrete, etc.).

Furthermore, the anchoring end (which can, for example, additionally include an external or internal anchor element) is generally anchored into the underwater soil with a specific anchoring depth. This is usually done by hydraulic hammers or vibrators. This equipment weighs several hundred tons and require correspondingly powerful lifting gear and/or crane equipment. In the state of the art, it is common for the foundations to be floated. This also turns out to be complex and difficult, since additional equipment is required for the installation in particular.

The application is therefore based on the object of providing a foundation, in particular a soft-soft foundation, in which the disadvantages of the prior art are at least reduced and, in particular, transport and/or installation are simplified.

The object is achieved according to a first aspect of the application by a (first) foundation of an offshore structure, in particular an offshore wind turbine according to claim 1. The foundation comprises at least one tower-shaped foundation structure with a binding end which, in an installation state of the foundation, is the underwater soil surface at least contacted. The foundation comprises at least one ballast weight element arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure. The ballast weight element is movable (or movable) along the longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation structure.

In contrast to the prior art, a foundation is provided according to the application in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are at least reduced and in particular the transport and/or installation of the foundation is significantly simplified by a ballast weight element that can be moved along the longitudinal axis being arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure. In particular, the solution according to the application makes it possible to use (much) smaller and/or cheaper equipment and/or ships.

By providing a movably mounted ballast weight element on the tower-shaped foundation structure, this can be displaced along the longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation structure for the water transport of the foundation in such a way that any imbalance in the foundation structure is compensated for in the horizontal transport position of the tower-shaped foundation structure. Due to the stable horizontal transport or floating position that can be produced in this way, the transport of the foundation can be considerably simplified.

At least after installation of the foundation, the movably attached ballast weight element can be shifted to the lower end of the tower-shaped foundation structure and serve as permanent ballast weight of the foundation during operation of the offshore structure.

Basically, "below", "lower" etc. and "above", "upper" etc. here refer in particular to the vertical axis z and in particular to the installation state of the foundation.

The foundation according to the application is in particular part of an offshore structure and preferably serves to support an offshore facility of the offshore structure. An offshore structure is preferably an offshore wind energy structure, such as an offshore wind turbine, an offshore measuring mast or an offshore substation. Furthermore, an offshore structure can be a drilling or production platform or another offshore platform, preferably set up for the production, conversion and/or storage of energy, such as an offshore plant for the production of hydrogen.

As already described, an offshore structure can include an offshore facility that can be secured by the foundation in an underwater bed, in particular a sea bed. An offshore structure can be formed in particular by the offshore facility (e.g. a platform, a nacelle, tower, generator, rotor, transformer and/or the like) and the at least one foundation.

The foundation according to the application can preferably be a soft-soft foundation. For example, the tower-shaped foundation structure (and thus in particular the foundation) can be designed as a stranded monopile.

The foundation comprises a tower-shaped foundation structure or a tower-shaped shell element. The tower-shaped foundation structure is in particular tubular. In an installation state of the foundation, ie when the foundation is installed at a specific installation location on the underwater sea bed, the tower-shaped foundation structure protrudes at least from the water bed (perpendicularly) in the direction of the water surface. In other words, a tower-shaped foundation structure contacts the underwater ground surface at least with one binding end in an installed state. The binding end of the tower-shaped foundation structure is preferably inserted or bound into the underwater floor. The upper end of the tower-shaped foundation structure can protrude above the water surface.

The tower-shaped foundation structure is in particular (partially) buoyant, but is in (direct) contact with the water bed when installed. The tower-shaped foundation structure, also known as the casing element or tower element, can have a preferably circumferential Have wall with an inside and an outside. In particular, the wall encloses at least one interior space or cavity of the tower-shaped foundation structure. The inside faces in particular the interior and the outside faces the surroundings (in particular the water of the body of water) of the tower-shaped foundation structure.

The tower-shaped foundation structure can preferably be formed in a cylindrical shape, ie in particular have a circular cross-sectional area. In other variants of the application, the cross-sectional area of a tower-shaped foundation structure can also be different, such as an oval-shaped cross-sectional area. Preferably, the cross-sectional area remains unchanged in the longitudinal direction.

• - Metall, insbesondere Stahl,
• - Beton, gestrandeten Stahlbeton
• - Glasfaser (Glasfaserverbundwerkstoff),
• - Carbonfaser (Carbonfaserverbundwerkstoff).

The tower-shaped foundation structure can in particular be formed from a material from the group comprising:

• - metal, especially steel,
• - Concrete, stranded reinforced concrete
• - glass fiber (glass fiber composite material),
• - Carbon fiber (carbon fiber composite).

These materials (or combinations thereof) are particularly suitable for producing at least the at least one wall of the tower-shaped foundation structure.

According to the application, at least one ballast weight element is arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure, which can be moved along the longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation structure (in particular by exerting a force on the ballast weight element; this includes in particular a force exerted by its own weight) or is movable. The ballast weight element can preferably be attached to an outside of the tower-shaped foundation structure. In principle, however, an arrangement inside the tower-shaped foundation structure is also conceivable.

The ballast weight element can be movable, in particular displaceable, in particular between two opposite end positions along the longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation structure. In variants of the application, two or more ballast weight elements can be provided.

According to one embodiment of the foundation according to the application, the foundation can comprise at least one (external or internal) anchor element. In the installed state, an anchor element is introduced into the bottom of the body of water and serves in particular to anchor the foundation according to the application.

An internal anchor element means in particular that at least part of the cross-sectional area of the anchor element (in the installation state of the foundation) is covered by the cross-sectional area of the tower-shaped foundation structure. At least part of the anchor element (seen in a horizontal plane) thus lies within the perimeter of the tower-shaped foundation structure, while another part of the anchor element may lie outside. Preferably, the internal anchor member may reside entirely within the tower foundation structure.

An external anchor element means in particular that the entire cross-sectional area of the anchor element (in the installation state of the foundation) is not covered by the cross-sectional area of the tower-shaped foundation structure, ie it is outside.

• - Ankerpfahl (z.B. Hohlpfahl oder Vollpfahl),
• - Sauganker („suction bucket“),
• - Schwergewichtsanker.

An anchor element can preferably be selected from the group comprising:

• - Anchor pile (e.g. hollow pile or solid pile),
• - suction anchor (“suction bucket”),
• - Heavyweight anchor.

In the installation state of the foundation, the anchor element can be introduced (anchored) into the bottom of the body of water. The anchor element can preferably be inserted deeper (e.g. more than twice as deep) into the bottom of the body of water than the tie-in end.

According to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the foundation according to the application, the movable (or movable) ballast weight element can be formed (essentially) in the shape of a ring. Preferably, the annular ballast weight member may be a ballast weight sleeve. A sleeve means in particular an elongated, preferably round (but also oval, rectangular, etc.), internally hollow object into which the tower-shaped foundation structure can be inserted. It goes without saying that other shapes can also be provided, such as a torus shape.

In particular, the inner shape of the ring-shaped ballast weight element can correspond to the outer shape of the tower-shaped foundation structure. In particular, a ballast weight sleeve can be guided along the outer wall of the tower-shaped foundation structure.

Preferably, the tower-shaped foundation structure can have a circular cross-sectional area and the opening of the annular ballast weight element also have a circular cross-sectional area. The inner diameter of the ballast weight element can correspond to the outer diameter (which is essentially unchanged along the longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation) of the tower-shaped foundation structure. In particular, the ratio (d _Ga / d _Gi ) of the outer diameter (d _Ga ) of the tower-shaped foundation structure to the inner diameter (d _Gi ) of the annular ballast weight element, in particular in the form of a sleeve, can be between 1.01 and 1.5, preferably between 1 .02 and 1.1.

In other variants of the application, the at least one ballast weight element can have a different shape.

According to a further embodiment of the foundation according to the application, the movable ballast weight element can be movable (or movable) at least between a lower end position, in particular a stop position, and an upper end position, in particular a ramming start position.

At least in the installation state of the foundation, the movable ballast weight element can be arranged in the lower end position (ie in particular in the area of the tie-in end). In particular for water transport, the ballast weight element can be pushed to at least one (any) further intermediate position between the named end positions. By arranging the ballast weight element in the lower end position in the installed state, the foundation can be ballasted accordingly. An additional, internal ballast weight, which is integrated in the foundation structure, can be omitted or at least weigh less.

According to a preferred embodiment of the foundation according to the application, at least one ballast weight element stop can be arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure in the region of the binding end (ie preferably in the lower third, particularly preferably in the lower quarter of the tower-shaped foundation structure). The at least one ballast weight element stop can be fastened in a non-positive manner and/or in a materially bonded manner. In variants of the application, the ballast weight element stop and the foundation structure can also be formed in one piece.

The ballast element stop can protrude from an outer wall of the tower-shaped foundation structure. For example, the ballast weight element stop can be formed as an encircling collar. It goes without saying that a ballast weight element stop can also have a different shape, for example can be formed by one or more (tubular) projections.

A ballast weight element stop can in particular serve as a stop for the movable ballast weight element. In other words, the ballast weight element stop can form the (desired) lower end point of the movement path of the ballast weight element. If the ballast weight element is located at the ballast weight element stop, the ballast weight element is in particular in the lower end position, in particular a stop position. As will be described in more detail below, the particular advantage of a combination of a movable ballast weight element and a ballast weight element stop is that these elements can be used to introduce the tower-shaped foundation structure into the underwater floor.

In other variants of the application, a further stop (e.g. formed similarly to the ballast weight element stop) can, alternatively or additionally, be arranged at the upper end of the tower-shaped foundation structure, which can in particular form the (desired) upper end point of the movement path of the ballast weight element. By providing a stop at both end regions of the tower-shaped foundation structure, it is possible to prevent a substantially ring-shaped ballast weight element in particular from falling off or slipping off the tower-shaped foundation structure.

According to a further embodiment of the foundation according to the application, the foundation can comprise at least one locking device configured to lock the ballast weight element at least in a specific position, in particular at least in the upper end position, on the tower-shaped foundation structure. The tower-shaped foundation structure can preferably comprise at least one second locking element which corresponds to a first locking element and which can (mechanically) interact. In particular, the locking device can be adjustable between a locked state and a released state. For example, the locking can be achieved by a form fit. In other variants, a locking device can also be at least one separate element, such as a clamp, a more external lifting device or the like. All that is required in particular is that the locking device can hold the ballast weight element in a specific position in relation to the tower-shaped foundation structure for a specific period of time. For this purpose, the ballast weight element can preferably be provided with eyelets, loops, hooks and/or pins at the upper end, which allows the attachment of a lifting device, as will be described in more detail.

The ballast weight element can preferably be locked in at least two different positions along the longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation structure. In this way, for example, the ballast weight element can be locked in a certain position during the water transport, in which a weight inequality of the tower-shaped foundation structure in the horizontal position is essentially compensated or balanced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the foundation according to the application, the locking device can be set up to lock the ballast weight element at least in an upper position (preferably the upper end position, in particular a ramming start position) on the tower-shaped foundation structure that is spaced apart from the lower end position (vertically). The locking device can be set up to release the locking of the ballast weight element in the upper (end) position in such a way that the ballast weight element, in a vertical position of the tower-shaped foundation structure, (automatically) moves in the direction of the underwater bottom due to the weight force acting on the ballast weight element (and in particular occurs on the ballast weight element stop in such a way that the tie-in end is at least partially inserted, in particular rammed, into the underwater bed through the impact).

According to the application, it has been recognized that the ballast weight element can be used to embed or drive the tower-shaped foundation structure into the underwater soil. The use of additional installation devices can at least be reduced. If necessary, the ramming process can be repeated.

In other variants of the application, the ballast weight element can also be held in the upper position by an (external) lifting device as a locking device, such as a crane. As described above, the lifting device can release the ballast weight element so that the ballast weight element moves in a vertical position of the tower-shaped foundation structure due to the weight force acting on the ballast weight element in the direction of the underwater bottom.

The ballast weight element can have a weight of at least 800 t, preferably at least 1000 t (but in particular not greater than 150 t/m water depth).

In a particularly preferred embodiment, a plurality of ballast weight elements can be movably arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure. In particular, each individual ballast weight element of the plurality of ballast weight elements can be (individually) movable. As a result, a stable position for transport can be set in an even simpler way.

For example, in the case of a plurality of ballast weight elements, these can each have a weight between 1 t, preferably 5 t and 100 t. A further advantage of dividing the total movable ballast weight into a plurality of movable ballast weight elements is that smaller lifting capacities are required to shift the respective elements.

In addition, the at least one locking device can be set up in such a way that an individual locking of the plurality of movable ballast weight elements can be produced. This individual locking of the plurality of movable ballast weight elements makes it possible in particular to drop the plurality of movable ballast weight elements individually, in groups or as a whole, ie in particular to release the locking. This has the advantage that the hammer blows and/or impact energy can be better matched to the local building ground at the installation site.

In a further embodiment of the foundation according to the application, it can be provided that the locking device is set up for coupling at least two of the plurality of movable ballast weight elements to one another. Alternatively or additionally, the locking device can be set up to lock the respective movable ballast weight elements on the foundation structure in a (respective) holding position.

According to a further embodiment, the at least one locking device (which can be formed from a plurality of locking elements or modules) can be remote-controlled, for example mechanically and/or electronically. In particular, individual locking elements can be controlled independently of one another in order to enable a specific group of movable ballast weight elements to be released or locked.

According to the application, it has been recognized in particular that a movable ballast weight element can be used advantageously in three ways: i) during transport to compensate for a weight inequality of the tower-shaped foundation structure; ii) as permanent weight ballast at the base of the foundation after installation of the foundation, and iii) as a means of driving the tower weight structure into the underwater bed.

According to a further embodiment of the foundation according to the application, at least one first lifting element (e.g. eyelets, loops, hooks and/or pins) can be attached to the ballast weight element. The first lever element can be coupled to a further lever element (e.g. hook, eyelet) of a (separate) lifting device in such a way that the ballast weight element can be moved at least from the lower position to the specific upper position by the lifting device. As already described, this allows the ramming process to be repeated. It will be appreciated that the lifting member may be used to move the ballast member for other purposes, such as aligning the ballast member along the longitudinal axis for water transport.

Furthermore, according to a further embodiment of the foundation according to the application, the tie-in end (at least during the installation process) can be open towards the underwater bed and can comprise a cavity. Preferably, at least one water pressure equalization opening (preferably a plurality of water pressure equalization openings) providing a fluid connection between the environment and the cavity can be arranged in a foundation wall of the tower-shaped foundation structure. In particular during a ramming process in which a (sudden) volume reduction of the cavity occurs due to the ingress of soil material, the water in the cavity can escape from the cavity through the at least one water pressure equalization opening, in particular escape. In particular, this reduces the risk of damage occurring to the tower-shaped foundation structure, for example a watertight chamber, during a ramming process due to the pressure occurring as a result of the volume reduction.

The at least one water pressure equalization opening can be provided in a wall of the tower-shaped foundation structure for this purpose only. In particular, openings that are provided in any case for pressure equalization can also be used, such as cable feed openings and/or ventilation openings and/or the like.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the foundation according to the application, the tower-shaped foundation structure (as has already been described) can comprise at least one cavity, set up to (temporarily) accommodate at least one buoyancy body, such that the foundation can stand alone (or independently) at least during the water transport of the foundation. is buoyant. In particular, at least one buoyancy body can be temporarily inserted into the at least one cavity for transport. This is done in such a way that the tower-shaped foundation structure, containing one or more buoyancy bodies, is capable of buoyancy or floats alone or independently (for transporting water, for example to an installation site).

For example, the at least one buoyancy body can have a toroidal or cylindrical shape. In addition, both ends of the tower-shaped foundation structure can be open and connected to one another. In this way it can be achieved that the fairway can flow through the foundation structure (preferably a hollow pile) during the water transport, and thus in particular the resistance during water transport is reduced.

According to a preferred embodiment of the foundation according to the application, at least one first buoyant body, in particular in the form of a permanently installed pressure chamber, can be permanently integrated in an upper area (preferably in an upper third of the tower-shaped foundation structure) of the tower-shaped foundation structure. In particular, at least one watertight and/or pressure-tight chamber can be provided in the tower-shaped foundation structure.

The (in particular open) binding end can comprise the at least one cavity (at least in part), set up to accommodate at least one further buoyancy body. In particular, the further buoyancy body can be a buoyancy body temporarily used for the transport of water. After the water has been transported, the at least one further buoyant body can be removed from the cavity in order in particular to install the foundation in the manner described above.

According to a further embodiment, a buoyant body (in particular the at least one further buoyant body) can be an inflatable buoyant body. An inflatable buoyancy body can easily be installed and uninstalled in the cavity for temporary use. As has already been described, an (inflatable) buoyant body can in particular have an essentially toroidal shape (with a constant or changing cross-sectional area along the longitudinal axis of the torus). Furthermore, an inflatable buoyancy body can have one or a plurality of air chambers can each be filled with air or another gas.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one (further) inflatable buoyant body can be inflated during the water transport in particular in such a way that the inflated buoyant body is held pressed between at least two (e.g. opposite) inner wall elements (the circumferential inner wall) of the cavity. In this way, a secure anchoring of the at least one temporarily used buoyancy body can be provided in a simple manner during the water transport. Additional mounting means can be omitted.

Furthermore, the outer diameter of the inflated buoyant body can be at least reduced, in particular during the transport of water, by releasing gas.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the foundation according to the application, at least one rudder and/or at least one fin can be arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure and/or preferably a buoyancy body at least during water transport. In particular, a stabilizer, in particular in the form of a rudder and/or a fin, can be attached temporarily for transport, for example can be clamped on. For example, suspended rudders and/or fins can be provided at the ends of the foundation transport arrangement (comprising foundation structure and buoyancy body and possibly ballast weight element). The at least one oar or the at least one fin can preferably be part of the buoyancy body (e.g. an inflatable transport tube). Then there is no need for additions to the tower-shaped foundation structure. Alternatively, a rudder and/or a fin can be arranged on a movable weight element. Particularly preferably, such a rudder and/or such a fin can be designed in such a way that the rudder and/or fin can be used as a lifting element. In other words, there can be a double function. This allows the tower-shaped foundation structure to swim more stably (in tow).

In addition, a plurality of (inflatable) buoyancy bodies coupled by at least one coupling element (in particular in the form of a rope or the like) can be present or provided.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the foundation according to the application, after the water has been transported, an emptied further buoyant body can be removed from the cavity through a closable opening in a sealing element arranged above the binding end. In particular, the sealing element can be the lower wall of the above-described watertight chamber. Preferably, the sealing element can be a pressure plate. A closable opening can be integrated into this. The closable opening can be set up in such a way that an inflatable and gas-emptyed buoyancy body can be removed from the cavity through the opened opening, in particular drawn into the pressure chamber. The closable opening is formed in such a way that the closable opening closes automatically (watertight and in particular pressure-tight) after the removal of the last partial section of the buoyancy body. A sealing plug can preferably form automatically in the opening after the buoyant body has been removed. The buoyant body itself can advantageously be reusable.

The pressure plate can preferably be formed in the shape of a cone, in which case the closable opening can be located at the tip of the cone. Such a shape is particularly advantageous with regard to the water pressure during the ramming process described above.

In further variants of the application it can be provided that the open binding end of the foundation structure is closable and in particular sealable at least during water transport and/or the upper end of the foundation structure is closable and in particular sealable. In addition, provision can be made for cable feed openings and/or ventilation holes to be closed and in particular sealed during transport.

Another aspect of filing is an offshore set of an incorporation, particularly an incorporation described previously. The offshore set includes at least one tower-shaped foundation structure with a tie-in end that at least contacts the underwater bottom surface when the foundation is installed. The offshore set comprises at least one ballast weight element that can be anodized on the tower-shaped foundation structure so that it can move along the longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation structure.

Yet another aspect of the application is a (further) foundation, in particular according to one of the preceding claims. The foundation comprises at least one tower-shaped foundation structure with a tie-in end which, in an installation state of the foundation, is at least placed on the underwater bottom surface (preferably at least partially tie-in). The tower-shaped foundation structure includes at least one Cavity set up for receiving at least one buoyancy body, such that the foundation is alone buoyant at least during the water transport of the foundation. In particular, the foundation comprises, at least temporarily, at least one buoyant body, in particular a buoyant body as described above.

The advantage of such a foundation is, in particular, that it can be easily transported over a body of water.

According to a preferred embodiment of the (further) foundation, the foundation can comprise at least one ballast weight element arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure (as described above), the ballast weight element being movable along the longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation structure.

In particular, the further foundation can be combined with the embodiments of the first foundation, so that in order to avoid repetitions with regard to these embodiments of the further foundation, reference is made to the previous statements on the first foundation.

• - mindestens eine (weitere) Gründung nach Anspruch 13, und
• - mindestens einen temporär in den Hohlraum der Gründung einsetzbaren Auftriebskörper.

Another aspect of filing an offshore set is comprehensive

• - at least one (further) formation according to claim 13, and
• - At least one buoyancy body that can be temporarily inserted into the cavity of the foundation.

A further aspect of the application is an offshore structure, in particular an offshore wind power plant, comprising at least one (first or further) foundation described above.

• - Ausrichten der turmförmigen Gründungstruktur mit einem Einbindeende und einem im Bereich des Einbindeendes angeordneten Ballastgewichtselementanschlag in eine vertikale Position an einem Installationsort der Gründung,
• - Lösen eines in einer Rammstartposition an der turmförmigen Gründungstruktur arretierten beweglichen Ballastgewichtselement, derart, dass sich das Ballastgewichtselement in der vertikalen Position der turmförmigen Gründungsstruktur aufgrund der auf das Ballastgewichtselement wirkenden Gewichtskraft in Richtung des Unterwasserbodens bewegt.

A further aspect of the application is a method for installing a foundation with a tower-shaped foundation structure, in particular for installing a previously described (first) foundation. The procedure includes:

• - aligning the tower-shaped foundation structure with a tie-in end and a ballast weight element stop arranged in the area of the tie-in end in a vertical position at an installation site of the foundation,
• Releasing a movable ballast weight element locked in a ramming start position on the tower-shaped foundation structure in such a way that the ballast weight element moves in the vertical position of the tower-shaped foundation structure due to the weight force acting on the ballast weight element in the direction of the underwater bottom.

In contrast to the prior art, the method according to the application makes it possible to install a foundation in a simplified manner, in that a ballast weight element that is required anyway for operation is also used for the installation process, in particular a ramming process.

In particular, after a foundation has been transported to an installation site, the tower-shaped foundation structure can be erected from the horizontal transport position into a vertical installation position, in particular a vertical installation position. Preferably, aligning the tower foundation structure in a vertical position may include placing the tie-in end on the underwater bottom surface. In particular, this means that the tie-in end is at least in contact with the underwater bottom surface and thus with the underwater bottom.

The tower-shaped foundation structure can then be rammed into the underwater floor in the manner described above, in particular by loosening or releasing the at least one ballast weight element. As a result, the ballast weight element moves due to its weight in the direction of the underwater floor surface, hits the ballast weight element stop and thus rams the anchoring end into the underwater floor (through a corresponding force transmission).

After water transport, it may be necessary for the ballast weight element to first be moved from a transport position to the ramming start position. In other variants, the transport position and at least the initial ramming start position can be identical. Furthermore, the tower-shaped foundation structure can enclose an anchor element that is already located in the underwater soil.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, it can be provided that the ballast weight element is moved back into a ramming start position (this can be higher in the vertical direction than the initial ramming start position), in particular by a (separate) lifting device (e.g. a watercraft), and the step described above of dissolving is carried out again. In particular, this can be repeated until a certain minimum embedment depth is reached.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the application, the ballast weight element can be left (permanently) in the stop position, in particular if it is determined that a certain minimum anchoring depth is made. In particular, the movable ballast weight element can be used after installation as a permanent ballast weight at the foot of the foundation.

• - Bereitstellen der turmförmigen Gründungstruktur mit mindestens einem Hohlraum, und
• - Einführen mindestens eines Auftriebskörpers in den Hohlraum, derart, dass die Gründung zumindest während des Wassertransports der Gründung alleine schwimmfähig ist.

A still further aspect of the application is a method for transporting a foundation with a tower-shaped foundation structure, in particular for transporting a foundation described above. The procedure includes:

• - Providing the tower-shaped foundation structure with at least one cavity, and
• - Introducing at least one buoyant body into the cavity, such that the foundation is alone buoyant at least during the water transport of the foundation.

In particular, according to the application, the transport method and then the installation method can be carried out first.

According to a preferred embodiment of the transport method, a ballast weight element can be aligned along the longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation structure before transport, such that the tower-shaped foundation structure is in a stable horizontal transport position. This means in particular that the tower-shaped foundation structure (at least when there is almost no swell) is in a stable and essentially horizontal floating position, in particular without a watercraft having to exert an additional force on the tower-shaped foundation structure for this purpose.

The features of the foundations, offshore sets, offshore structures and processes can be freely combined with one another. In particular, features of the description and/or the dependent claims can be independently inventive, even if features of the independent claims are completely or partially bypassed, on their own or freely combined with one another.

• 1a eine schematische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Gründung gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung,
• 1b eine schematische Schnittansicht des Ausführungsbeispiels nach 1b,
• 2a bis 2e jeweils eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Gründung gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung in verschiedenen Installationsvorgangszuständen,
• 3 ein Diagramm eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verfahrens gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung zum Installieren einer Gründung, insbesondere entsprechend dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den 2a bis 2e,
• 4 eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Gründung gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung,
• 5 eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Gründung gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung,
• 6 ein Diagramm eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verfahrens gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung zum Transportieren einer Gründung, insbesondere entsprechend dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den 4 und 5, und
• 7 eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Gründung gemäß der vorliegenden Anmeldung.

There are now a multitude of possibilities for designing and further developing the foundations according to the application, the offshore sets according to the application, the offshore structure according to the application and the methods according to the application. In this regard, reference is made on the one hand to the claims subordinate to the independent claims and on the other hand to the description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. In the drawing shows

• 1a a schematic view of an embodiment of a foundation according to the present application,
• 1b a schematic sectional view of the embodiment 1b ,
• 2a until 2e each a schematic view of another embodiment of a foundation according to the present application in different installation process states,
• 3 a diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the present application for installing a foundation, in particular according to the embodiment according to FIGS 2a until 2e ,
• 4 a schematic view of another embodiment of a foundation according to the present application,
• 5 a schematic view of another embodiment of a foundation according to the present application,
• 6 a diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the present application for transporting a foundation, in particular according to the embodiment according to FIGS 4 and 5 , and
• 7 a schematic view of another embodiment of a foundation according to the present application.

The same reference symbols are used below for the same elements. In the present coordinate system, z designates the vertical axis and x and y designate horizontal axes.

the 1a and 1b FIG. 12 shows schematic views of an embodiment of a foundation 100 according to the present application. The foundation 100 shown serves as a foundation for an offshore structure. For the sake of a better overview, the offshore structure, in particular the offshore facility supported by the foundation, was not shown in detail. Exemplary and non-exclusive offshore structures are offshore wind energy structures, such as offshore wind turbines, offshore met masts or offshore substations, offshore drilling or production platforms and offshore platforms for the generation, conversion and/or storage of energy, such as an offshore - Plant for the production of hydrogen.

The foundation 100 comprises a tower-shaped foundation structure 102 and at least one ballast weight element 104. In the present case, the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 is cylindrical. The tower-shaped foundation structure 102 has a peripheral wall 105 which is made of steel, for example. The wall 105 encloses an interior space 109. An inner side 107 of the wall 105 faces toward the interior 109. The outside 111 of the wall 105 faces outwards.

In the present case, the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 is formed in particular as an at least partially hollow-shaped pile 102 . The tower-shaped foundation structure 102 has an upper end 110 and a lower end 106 , also referred to as the tie-in end 106 . In an installation state of the foundation, the binding end 106 is at least in (direct) contact with an underwater ground surface (not shown), in particular at least partially bound or inserted in an underwater ground. In the installed state, the upper end 110 can extend to the water surface and in particular can carry offshore equipment.

As already described, at least one ballast weight element 104 arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 is provided according to the application. The ballast weight element 104 is movable or can be moved along the longitudinal axis 101 of the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 , as indicated by the arrows 108 .

In particular, the ballast weight element 104 is movably mounted on the outer wall 111 of the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 in the present case. The ballast weight element 104 can preferably be ring-shaped, particularly preferably sleeve-shaped, as in FIG 1 shown. In particular, the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 can be guided through the opening 115 . The tower-shaped foundation structure 102 can in particular serve as a guide for the ballast weight element 104 .

The inner shape of the ring-shaped ballast weight element 104, ie in particular the opening 115, can correspond to the outer shape of the tower-shaped foundation structure 102. Preferably, the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 can have a circular cross-sectional area and the opening 115 of the annular ballast weight element 104 can also have a circular cross-sectional area. The inner diameter 114 of the ballast weight element 104 can correspond to the outer diameter 116 of the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 (which is essentially unchanged along the longitudinal axis 101 of the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 ). In particular, the ratio (d _Ga / d _Gi ) of the outer diameter 116 (d _Ga ) of the tower-shaped foundation structure 102 to the inner diameter 114 (d _Gi ) of the annular ballast weight element 104, in particular in the form of a sleeve, can be between 1.01 and 1.5 , preferably between 1.02 and 1.1. In particular, an air gap 117 can form as a result. It goes without saying that in other variants of the application other inner and outer shapes (for example with oval cross-sectional areas, but also rectangular cross-sectional areas) can be provided.

the 2a until 2e 12 shows schematic views of another embodiment of a foundation 200 according to the present application in different states of installation process. In order to avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the previous exemplary embodiment are explained below and otherwise reference is made to the previous explanations.

In the preferred tower-shaped foundation structure 202 shown, at least one ballast weight element stop 222 is arranged in the lower area (e.g. lower third of the foundation structure 202, preferably in the lower quarter of the foundation structure 202) of the foundation structure 202, i.e. in the area of the binding end 206. Preferably, the ballast element stop 222 can be force-fitted and/or bonded (e.g. by welding) to the wall of the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 . The ballast weight element stop 222 can preferably be formed as a circumferential collar with a stop surface 221 running horizontally.

As can be seen, the ballast weight element stop 222 protrudes from an outer wall 211 of the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 . The ballast weight element stop 222 serves in particular as a stop for the movable ballast weight element 204.

Furthermore, the foundation 200 in the present case comprises a locking device 212. For example, the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 can comprise at least one second locking element 225 corresponding to a first locking element 219. In other variants, other types of locking devices 212 can also be provided. For example, in other variants, a lifting device 236, at least one clamp or the like can form the locking device.

In addition, the ballast weight element 204 presently has a first lifting element 220 in order in particular to enable the ballast weight element 204 to be moved by a lifting device 236 .

It should be noted that reference number 228 denotes the water line or water surface, reference number 230 denotes the underwater floor (in particular a sea floor) and with the Numeral 226 denotes the underwater bottom surface of the underwater bottom 230 .

The installation process of the foundation 200 according to the 2a until 2e will be closer with the help of 3 described. the 3 12 shows a diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the present application for installing a foundation 200, in particular according to the embodiment according to FIGS 2a until 2e .

In particular after transport (cf. e.g 6 ) to an installation site of the foundation 200, in step 301 the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 is aligned with a binding end 206 and a ballast weight element stop 222 arranged in the region of the binding end 206 in a vertical position at this installation site.

In particular, the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 can be erected from a horizontal transport position into a vertical installation position, in particular a vertical installation position (supported, for example, by removing at least one buoyancy body and/or using at least one lifting device 236). Preferably, aligning the tower foundation structure in the vertical position may include seating the tie-in end 206 on the underwater bottom surface 226, as shown in FIG 2a is shown.

The tie-in end 206 is open and has a cavity enclosed by the surrounding foundation wall and the underwater bottom surface.

In step 302, a release (e.g. by a release mechanism 218) occurs in a ramming start position (see FIG 2a) movable ballast weight element 204 locked on the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 in such a way that the ballast weight element 204, in the vertical installation position of the tower-shaped foundation structure 202, moves due to the weight g acting on the ballast weight element 204 in the direction of the underwater bottom 230 (indicated by reference numeral 232) ( a snapshot of the movement is in 2 B shown). It should be noted here that after water transport, it may be necessary for the ballast weight element 204 to first be moved from a transport position to the ramming start position, for example by a lifting device 236.

The ballast weight element 204 has a stop surface 223 and the ballast weight element stop 222 has a further stop surface 221 corresponding to this stop surface 223. As can be seen from FIGS 2 B and 2c As can be seen, the ballast weight element 204 strikes the ballast weight element stop 222 and thereby exerts a force in the vertical direction (-z) on the tower-shaped foundation structure 202. This has the effect, in particular, that the binding end 206 is at least partially driven into the underwater bed 230, in particular is rammed in (see 2c ).

The water displaced by the soil material can escape from the cavity (indicated by reference numeral 234) from the advantageously provided at least one (preferably a plurality of) water pressure equalization opening(s) 224. The at least one water pressure equalization opening 224 can be arranged at least below a pressure plate (not shown) of a pressure chamber of the tower-shaped foundation structure.

In variants of the registration, it may be sufficient to drop the ballast weight element 204 once. Then, after step 302, the method can be continued directly with step 304.

However, it may be necessary to drop the ballast weight element 204 several times in order to achieve adequate anchoring of the foundation 200 . Then step 303 can be continued. Whether a single drop is sufficient or not can depend on various factors, such as the soil conditions at the installation site of the foundation 200, the weight of the ballast weight element 204, the desired minimum embedment depth 244, etc.

In step 303, moving (see 2d ) of the ballast weight element 204 from the stop position (see 2c ) to the ramming start position (see 2a) , as indicated by arrow 242 in the 2d is indicated. As shown, this can be done in particular by an external lifting device 236 . The first lever element 220 can be coupled in particular to a further lever element of the lifting device 236 in such a way that the ballast weight element 204 can be moved at least from the lower position to the upper position by the lifting device 236 . The method can then be continued with step 302, ie the ballast weight element 204 in particular can be dropped again.

If it is determined in step 304 that a (specified) minimum anchoring depth 244 has been reached, ie the anchoring end protrudes at least xm into the underwater bed, the ballast weight element 204 can be in the stop position be left (permanently) (see 2e) . the 2e shows in particular the foundation 200 in an installed state.

It goes without saying that in variants of the application at least one anchor element (not shown) can also be provided for adequate attachment of the foundation, such as an internal and/or external anchor element described above. The at least one anchor element can be coupled to the tower-shaped foundation structure in particular via an anchor cable or an anchor chain.

How from the 2a until 2e can also be seen that a first offshore set of a (first) foundation 200 comprises at least one tower-shaped foundation structure 202 with a tie-in end 206, which at least contacts the underwater ground surface 226 when the foundation 200 is installed, and at least one movable along the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 Longitudinal axis of the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 anodable ballast weight element 204.

the 7 shows a schematic view of a further exemplary embodiment of a foundation according to the application. In order to avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the previous exemplary embodiments are described below and otherwise reference is made to the previous explanations.

As can be seen, a plurality of ballast weight elements 704.1 to 704.3 (three elements are shown as an example) are provided. These can be locked and in particular released with the aid of a locking device 712 . For example, the release mechanism 718 can cause the respective ballast weight elements 704.1 to 704.3 to be released. For example, the ballast weight elements 704.1 to 704.3 can be released at different times (first element 704.3, then 704.2 and then 704.1). A group (for example elements 704.3 and 704.2) of ballast weight elements can also first be detached together and then another group or an individual element. All of the ballast weight elements 704.1 to 704.3 can also be released together. In particular, the locking elements 719.1b to 719.3 or 725.1 to 725.3 can be actuated to release the respective ballast weight elements 704.1 to 704.3, depending on the ground conditions at the installation site. In particular, the control can take place in such a way that the foundation structure can be optimally integrated. Furthermore, each ballast weight element 704.1 to 704.3 can have a lifting element. It is also possible for a lifting element 720 to be arranged only on the uppermost element 704.1 of the overall element 704 and for the further ballast weight elements 704.2, 704.3 to be able to be coupled to the uppermost ballast weight element 704.1 (for example by means of the locking elements 725.1 to 725.3.

the 4 shows a schematic view of a further exemplary embodiment of a foundation according to the present application, in particular in a water transport position or a water transport state. In order to avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the previous exemplary embodiments are explained below and otherwise reference is made to the previous explanations.

The tower-shaped foundation structure 402 comprises at least one cavity 452 (or interior space 452), designed to accommodate at least one buoyancy body 450, such that the foundation 400 is alone or independently buoyant at least during the water transport of the foundation 400.

As in 4 shown by way of example, the at least one buoyancy body 450 is tubular and in particular inflatable (for example at least one suitable valve can be provided). The buoyant body 450 can be temporarily inserted or inserted into the cavity 452 for water transport.

In this embodiment, the water can flow through the (hollow) pole 402 . This can reduce the water resistance during transport.

A ballast weight element 404 (described above) can optionally be arranged in this exemplary embodiment. This can be moved, in particular adjusted, along the longitudinal axis 401 in such a way that an unequal weight of the tower-shaped foundation structure 402 in the horizontal transport position shown can be at least almost compensated. This greatly simplifies transportation.

the 5 shows a schematic view of a further exemplary embodiment of a foundation 500 according to the present application, in particular in a water transport position or a water transport state. In order to avoid repetition, essentially only the differences from the previous exemplary embodiments are explained below and otherwise reference is made to the previous explanations.

In the present case, the tower-shaped foundation structure 402 has a first buoyant body 554 in the form of a water and pressure vessel in the upper area seal chamber 554. At the lower end of the chamber 554, the chamber 554 can be closed by a pressure plate 556 with a closable opening 558. The pressure plate 556 is preferably a tapered pressure plate 556, wherein the opening 558 may be in the cone tip.

The lower end 506 or binding end 506 of the tower-shaped foundation structure 502 is in particular open. Binding end 506 has, in particular, a cavity 564 adjoining pressure plate 556 . In the present case, another buoyant body 550 is inserted into cavity 564, in particular an inflatable buoyant body 550. As already described, at least one water pressure equalization opening (not shown here) can be provided for providing a fluid connection between the environment and cavity 564.

The at least one further inflatable buoyancy body 550 can be inflated during the water transport in particular in such a way that the inflated buoyancy body 550 is held pressed between two (e.g. opposite) inner wall elements (the circumferential inner wall) of the cavity 564. In this way, a secure anchoring of the at least one temporarily used buoyancy body 550 can be provided in a simple manner during the water transport.

Furthermore, fins 562 and at least one rudder 564 are provided in the present case. At least one rudder 564 and/or at least one fin 562 can preferably be arranged on the buoyancy body 550 at least during the water transport. In particular, such stabilizers can be attached temporarily for transport. As a result, the tower-shaped foundation structure 502 can in particular float even more stably. In other variants, a rudder and/or a fin can also be arranged on the ballast weight element and at the same time be usable as a lifting element.

As already described, a buoyancy body can have a plurality of air chambers and/or a plurality of (inflatable) buoyancy bodies coupled by at least one coupling element (in particular in the form of a rope or the like) can be present or provided.

• - (für (minimalen) Auftrieb von 500 t = 500 m³) z.B. zwei Auftriebskörper mit jeweils einem Durchmesser = 10 m und einer Länge = 3,2 m für 500 t
• - oder (insbesondere relevant ab 1500t MP Gewicht / Auftrieb) z.B. zwei Auftriebskörper jeweils einem Durchmesser = 12 m und einer Länge = 6,65 m für 1500t.

For example, buoyant bodies can have the following dimensions:

• - (for (minimum) buoyancy of 500 t = 500 m ³ ) eg two buoyancy bodies each with a diameter = 10 m and a length = 3.2 m for 500 t
• - or (particularly relevant from 1500t MP weight / buoyancy), for example, two buoyancy bodies each with a diameter = 12 m and a length = 6.65 m for 1500t.

Like that one in particular 5 can be seen, another offshore set of a (further) foundation 200 comprises at least one tower-shaped foundation structure 202 with a tie-in end 206, which at least contacts the underwater ground surface 226 when the foundation 200 is installed, and at least one on the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 that can be moved along the longitudinal axis the tower-shaped foundation structure 202 anodable ballast weight element 204.

the 6 12 shows a diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the present application for transporting a foundation, for example a foundation according to one of the previous embodiments.

In a step 601, the tower-shaped foundation structure is provided with at least one cavity, for example in a harbor or the like.

In a step 602, at least one (previously described) buoyancy body is introduced or inserted into the cavity in such a way that the foundation is capable of buoyancy alone at least during the water transport of the foundation. Optionally, a ballast weight element can be moved, in particular adjusted, along the longitudinal axis in such a way that an unequal weight of the tower-shaped foundation structure in the horizontal transport position can be at least almost compensated.

In step 603, the foundation is transported, in particular to an installation site. For example, at least one tugboat can be used for this purpose.

In step 604, a temporarily inserted buoyancy body can be removed again before installation. For example, a gas (in particular air) can be released from a buoyant body and in particular the deflated buoyant body can be removed (pulled) out of the cavity through a closable opening in the described pressure plate. The opening can be set up in such a way that a gas-emptyed buoyancy body can be removed through the opened opening, in particular drawn into the pressure chamber, so that the opening automatically closes (watertight and in particular pressure-tight) after the removal of the last section of the buoyancy body closes. A sealing plug can preferably form automatically.

Claims (18)

Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) of an offshore structure, in particular an offshore wind power plant, comprising: - at least one tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) with a binding end (106, 206, 406 , 506) which in an installation state of the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) at least contacts the underwater bottom surface (226), characterized in that the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) comprises: - at least a ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702), wherein the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) extends along the longitudinal axis (101, 401, 501) of the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) is movable. Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) after claim 1 , characterized in that - the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) comprises a plurality of ballast weight elements (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) arranged on the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702). , wherein the ballast weight elements (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) are movable along the longitudinal axis (101, 401, 501) of the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702). Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that - the movable ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) is ring-shaped, in particular a ballast weight sleeve (104, 204, 404, 504, 704), - the inner shape of the annular ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) to the outer shape of the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702). Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) after claim 1 , 2 or 3 , characterized in that - the movable ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) is movable at least between a lower end position, in particular a stop position, and an upper end position, in particular a ramming start position, - wherein in the installation state of the foundation ( 100, 200, 400, 500, 700) the movable ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) is arranged in the lower end position. Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - on the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) in the area of the binding end (106, 206, 406, 506 ) at least one ballast weight element stop (222) is arranged, - the ballast weight element stop (222) protruding from an outer wall (111) of the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) and in particular as a stop for the movable ballast weight element (104, 204 , 404, 504, 704). Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) comprises at least one locking device (212), set up for locking the ballast weight element ( 104, 204, 404, 504, 704) at least in a specific position on the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702). Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) after claim 6 , characterized in that - the locking device (212, 712) is set up for locking the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) at least in an upper position spaced from the lower position on the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402 , 502, 702), and - the locking device (212, 712) is set up to release the locking of the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) in the upper position, such that the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) at least in a vertical position of the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) due to the weight force acting on the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) in the direction of the underwater floor (230) emotional. Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - at least one first lifting element (220, 720) is attached to the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704), - wherein the first lever element (220, 720) can be coupled to a further lever element of a lifting device (236) in such a way that the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) can be moved at least from the lower position to the upper position by the lifting device (236 ) is movable. Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the binding end (106, 206, 406, 506) is open in the direction of the underwater bed (230) and has a cavity (452, 564 ) includes, and - In a foundation wall of the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) at least one fluid connection between the environment and the cavity (452, 564) providing water pressure equalization opening (224) is arranged. Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) comprises at least one cavity (452, 564) which is set up for Accommodating at least one buoyant body (450, 550) in such a way that the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) is capable of buoyancy alone, at least during the water transport of the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700). Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) after claim 10 , characterized in that - at least one first buoyant body (450, 550) is permanently integrated in an upper area of the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702), in particular at least partially by means of a watertight and/or pressure-tight chamber, and - The binding end (106, 206, 406, 506) comprises the cavity (452, 564), set up for receiving at least one further buoyant body (450, 550). Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) after claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that - a buoyant body (450, 550), in particular with a toroidal shape, is an inflatable buoyant body (450, 550), wherein the inflatable buoyant body (450, 550) is inflated during the water transport in particular in such a way that the inflated buoyant body (450, 550) is held pressed between two inner wall elements of the cavity (452, 564), and/or - at least on the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) and/or a buoyant body (450, 550). at least one rudder (264) and/or at least one fin (262) is arranged during the water transport, and/or - after the water transport, an emptied additional buoyancy body (450, 550) through a closable opening (558) in a 106, 206, 406, 506) arranged sealing element from the cavity (452, 564) is removable. Offshore set of a foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700), in particular a foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - at least one tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) with a tie-in end (106, 206, 406, 506) which, in an installation state of the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700), covers the underwater bottom surface (226 ) at least contacted - at least one ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) that can be anodized on the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) and can be moved along the longitudinal axis (101, 401, 501) of the tower-shaped foundation structure. Foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) comprising: - at least one tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) with a tie-in end (106, 206, 406, 506) which, in an installation state of the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700), is at least on the underwater bottom surface (226) is attached, - wherein the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) comprises at least one cavity (452, 564), set up to accommodate at least one buoyancy body (450, 550), such that the foundation (100, 200, 400 , 500, 700) is buoyant alone, at least during the water transport of the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700). Offshore set for one foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700), comprising - at least one foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) after Claim 14 , and - at least one buoyant body (450, 550) that can be temporarily inserted into the cavity (452, 564) of the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700). Offshore structure, in particular offshore wind power plant, comprising at least one foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) according to one of Claims 1 until 12 or 14 . Method for installing a foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) with a tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702), in particular a foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) according to one of the preceding ones Claims 1 until 12 or 14 , comprising: - aligning the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) with a binding end (106, 206, 406, 506) and a ballast weight element stop (222 ) into a vertical position at an installation site of the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700), - releasing a movable ballast weight element (104, 204 , 404, 504, 704) such that the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) is at least in the vertical position of the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) due to the on the ballast weight element (104, 204, 404, 504, 704) in the direction of the underwater bottom. Method for transporting a foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) with a tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702), in particular a foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) according to one of the preceding ones Claims 1 until 12 or 14 , comprising: - providing the tower-shaped foundation structure (102, 202, 402, 502, 702) with at least one cavity (452, 564), and - introducing at least one buoyant body (450, 550) into the cavity (452, 564) in such a way, that the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700) is alone buoyant at least during the water transport of the foundation (100, 200, 400, 500, 700).

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