DE102020117260A1 - Torsional vibration damper with a rotation axis for a drive train - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a torsional vibration damper (1) with a rotation axis (2) for a drive train (3), having at least the following components: - an input side (4) for transmitting a torque; - an output side (5) for transmitting a torque; - at least one intermediate element (6, 7), at least one energy storage element (8) and at least one rolling element (9), the intermediate element (6, 7) being prestressed by means of the energy storage element (8) and swingable between the output side with low friction by means of the rolling element (9) (5) and the input side (4) is arranged; and - a torque limiter unit (10), by means of which a torque transmission between the input side (4) and the output side (5) is limited to a predetermined maximum torque. The torsional vibration damper (1) is mainly characterized in that the intermediate element (6,7) is supported between the torque limiter unit (10) and the input side (4). The torsional vibration damper is inexpensive to manufacture and has a service life that is sufficient for most applications.

Description

The invention relates to a torsional vibration damper with a rotation axis for a drive train, a drive train with such a torsional vibration damper, and a motor vehicle with such a drive train.

It is often required that a torque output from a non-uniform torque source, such as an internal combustion engine, for example with a small number of cylinders and / or a small displacement, be damped. For this purpose, torsional vibration dampers are known in the field of motor vehicles in order to uniformize a torque transmission in an energy-efficient manner and thus to reduce torque shocks (with a regular or often repeated occurrence and with a lower amplitude below the predetermined maximum torque) and / or noise emissions. A particularly efficient torsional vibration damper is referred to, for example, as a pendulum rocker damper, in which at least one intermediate element on at least one energy storage element, mounted so as to oscillate on at least one rolling element, modulates a torque stiffness of the drive train. Such a pendulum rocker damper is, for example, from DE 10 2015 211 899 A1 known. It is advantageous here that a high level of rigidity can be set for the torque transmission and, at the same time, a very low level of rigidity can be set for rotational irregularities. Here, preferably by means of a cam gear, the rigidity is not constant over the amplitude of a torque shock. With all these requirements, a small installation space is always required and the costs are to be kept moderate in comparison to previously known systems. Furthermore, torque limiter units are known, for example, from the field of motor vehicles in order to protect a drive machine from excessively large torque surges or torque excesses above a predetermined maximum torque. This requirement becomes more stringent with the increasing degree of electrification of the drive train, which increases the sensitivity to such excessive torque.

Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the object of at least partially overcoming the disadvantages known from the prior art. The features according to the invention emerge from the independent claims, for which advantageous configurations are shown in the dependent claims. The features of the claims can be combined in any technically meaningful manner, in which case the explanations from the following description and features from the figures, which include additional embodiments of the invention, can also be used.

• - eine Eingangsseite zum Übertragen eines Drehmoments;
• - eine Ausgangsseite zum Übertragen eines Drehmoments;
• - zumindest ein Zwischenelement, zumindest ein Energiespeicherelement und zumindest einen Wälzkörper, wobei das Zwischenelement mittels des Energiespeicherelements vorgespannt und mittels des Wälzkörpers reibungsarm schwingbar zwischen der Ausgangsseite und der Eingangsseite angeordnet ist; und
• - eine Drehmomentbegrenzereinheit, mittels welcher eine Drehmomentübertragung zwischen der Eingangsseite und der Ausgangsseite auf ein vorbestimmtes Maximaldrehmoment begrenzt ist.

The invention relates to a torsional vibration damper with a rotation axis for a drive train, having at least the following components:

• an input side for transmitting a torque;
• an output side for transmitting a torque;
• - At least one intermediate element, at least one energy storage element and at least one rolling element, wherein the intermediate element is preloaded by means of the energy storage element and is arranged to oscillate between the output side and the input side with low friction by means of the rolling element; and
• - A torque limiter unit, by means of which a torque transmission between the input side and the output side is limited to a predetermined maximum torque.

The torsional vibration damper is primarily characterized in that the intermediate element is supported between the torque limiter unit and the input side.

In the following, reference is made to the named axis of rotation if the axial direction, radial direction or the direction of rotation and corresponding terms are used without explicitly otherwise indicating. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, ordinal numbers used in the preceding and following description are only used for clear distinction and do not reflect any order or ranking of the components identified. An ordinal number greater than one does not necessarily mean that another such component must be present.

The torsional vibration damper comprises at least two functional units, namely a vibration-damping functional unit and a torque-limiting functional unit. The torque-limiting functional unit is or is comprised of the torque limiter unit. The vibration-damping functional unit comprises at least one intermediate element, at least one energy storage element and at least one rolling element, preferably two or more intermediate elements, energy storage element and rolling element.

The following description of the torsional vibration damper is for the case that a torque up to and including the predetermined Maximum torque is applied, i.e. the torque on the output side is transmitted (almost) without loss from the torque limiter unit to the vibration-damping functional unit. In a functional state with an overload torque above the predetermined maximum torque, the excess torque is dissipated, but the portion corresponding to the maximum torque continues to be transmitted and the vibration-damping functional unit continues to be used for this torque. In the torque flow, the side of the vibration-damping functional unit facing the torque limiter unit is thus referred to as the (local) output side, or components facing this side are referred to as the output side. The vibration-damping functional unit proposed here preferably has a small number of separate components and only a small number of rolling elements and complementary (transmission) paths, which are referred to here for the intermediate element as the intermediate element side and for the input side as the input side and towards the output side as the output side . The input side is set up, for example, to receive a torque, although it is not excluded here that the input side is also set up to output a torque. For example, in a main state, the input side forms the torque input, for example in a drive train of a motor vehicle with a so-called pulling torque, i.e. a torque output from a drive machine, for example an internal combustion engine and / or an electric drive machine, via a transmission to drive wheels for propelling the motor vehicle. The output side is then set up accordingly to output a torque, the output side also preferably being set up to receive a torque. For example, when used in a drive train of a motor vehicle, the output side forms the torque input for a so-called overrun torque in a secondary state, i.e. when the inertial energy of the moving motor vehicle forms the input torque during engine braking or during recuperation (generation of electrical energy from decelerating the motor vehicle).

The input side and / or the at least one intermediate element is preferably formed in the manner of a disk or disk segment, particularly preferably by means of stamping and / or sheet metal forming.

So that a torsional vibration is not transmitted directly from the input side to the output side or vice versa, but rather is modulated, at least one intermediate element, preferably at least two intermediate elements, is provided. The at least one intermediate element is arranged in a torque-transmitting connection between the input side and the output side. The at least one intermediate element can be moved relative to the input side and relative to the output side, so that a torsional vibration can be induced in the intermediate element and thus in the at least one energy storage element with a predetermined (functionally effective) rigidity. The natural frequency, a function of the mass and the rigidity, of the system in which the torsional vibration damper is integrated can thus be changed, preferably reduced.

The intermediate element is supported by means of at least one energy storage element, for example a helical compression spring, for example a cylindrical spring with a straight spring axis or an arc spring, or a gas pressure accumulator, relative to the other (force) side, i.e. input side or output side, or is supported on a further intermediate element . The force side is formed from the input side or from the output side in that a corresponding contact surface is formed. In an alternative embodiment, the intermediate element is supported both on the input side and on the output side by means of a rolling element and corresponding tracks (track side). Two intermediate elements are then preferably supported against one another by means of an antagonistic pair of energy storage elements.

If, for example, a torque is introduced from the track side, for example the input side, as a result of a torque gradient present above the torsional vibration damper, the rolling element on the transmission path and the complementary counter-path are rolled (up) from a rest position in the corresponding direction on the ramp-like transmission path. Rolling up is used here merely to illustrate that work is being carried out. More precisely, due to the geometric relationship, an opposing force of the at least one energy storage element is overcome. Rolling down means releasing stored energy from the at least one energy storage element in the form of a force on the assigned intermediate element. Up and down do not necessarily correspond to one spatial direction, not even in a co-rotating coordinate system.

In an embodiment with a track side and a force side, the at least one intermediate element is supported on the at least one track side by means of at least one rolling element in each case, the intermediate element having a transmission track for one of the rolling elements and a complementary track on the track side (input side and / or output side) Opposite path for the same rolling element is formed. A torque can be transmitted via the counter path and transmission path. A torque is also transmitted via the at least one energy storage element between the force side and the intermediate element. With this torque-related movement, the rolling body forces the associated intermediate element to move relative to the at least one side of the track or the force side, and the at least one antagonistic energy storage element is tensioned accordingly. If there is a change in the applied torque and an associated speed difference between the track side and the power side, such as in the case of torsional vibration, the inertia (here) on the power side opposes this and the rolling element rolls (in a predetermined manner) on the transmission track as well as on the complementary mating path to and fro around the position corresponding to the applied torque. The rolling element thus counteracts the energy storage element charged depending on a torque amount, so that a natural frequency is changed compared to a rest position or compared to a torque transmission without a torsional vibration damper (but with the same flywheel mass).

In an embodiment with two track sides, i.e. with two (possibly pairs of) antagonistic rolling elements, on the at least one intermediate element, which is supported on itself or on a further intermediate element outside the torque flow between the input side and the output side by means of at least one energy storage element, a torque transmission between the input side and the output side results in a relatively rigid entrainment of the at least one intermediate element. When a torque difference occurs, such as a torsional vibration, both (pairs of) antagonistic rolling element (s) are moved, as already described above on the track side, this movement of the rolling elements having to work against the at least one energy storage element. The described translation relationship (cam gear) follows from this.

It should be noted that the at least one energy storage element is preferably also set up to preload the complementary paths (transmission path and counter path) of the path side against each other in such a way that the at least one rolling element is held therein and a movement of the rolling element is a rolling movement, preferably free of an overlaying sliding movement.

The force caused by a torque difference between the input side and the output side is taken up by the at least one energy storage element in the form of a shortening, for example compression of a helical compression spring, and passed on to the other side with a time delay, preferably (almost) without dissipation. The torque input, including the torsional vibration, is thus passed on to the other side in a temporally changed manner, preferably (almost) without loss. In addition, as explained above, the natural frequency is not constant, but rather depends on the torque gradient and thus on the applied torque due to the changeable position of the intermediate element.

In one embodiment, two or more intermediate elements are provided, which are preferably arranged rotationally symmetrically to the axis of rotation, so that the torsional vibration damper is balanced with simple means. For a small number of components and (translation) paths, an embodiment with exactly two intermediate elements is advantageous.

A pair of mutually antagonistic energy storage elements is preferably provided for acting on a (single) intermediate element, the energy storage element preferably being balanced with one another in accordance with the embodiment of the transmission path and complementary counter path. In an alternative embodiment, at least one positive guide is provided, by means of which a movement is imposed geometrically guided at least on one of the intermediate elements, for example in the manner of a rail or groove and encompassing pin or spring engaging in it. This means that the movement of the respective intermediate element is (geometrically) over-defined.

The torque limiter unit which is also provided here is set up so that a torque transmission between the input side and the output side is limited to a predetermined maximum torque. The torque limiter unit comprises the functionally necessary components for transmitting a torque up to a predetermined maximum torque. The predetermined maximum torque is also generally referred to as the slip torque. The torque limiter unit is preferably integrated (as a structural unit) into the torsional vibration damper, with a component of the vibration-damping functional unit at the same time forming a component of the torque limiter unit.

At least the torque limiter unit is preferably completely and finally preassembled and as a preassembled structural unit without the need for further adjustment (des Maximum torque) can be inserted into a (e.g. conventional) assembly line. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the vibration-damping functional unit of the torsional vibration damper for modulating the rotational irregularities, i.e. the at least one intermediate element with the at least one energy storage element and the at least one rolling element, can also be preassembled as a structural unit. The torque limiter unit and the vibration-damping functional unit of the torsional vibration damper can then be connected to one another in a torque-transmitting manner.

It is proposed here that the torque limiter unit is arranged on the output side, that is to say downstream of the intermediate element (and the at least one energy storage element and the at least one rolling element) in the torque flow from the input side to the output side. The torque limiter unit is thus arranged radially on the inside, so that the other components of the torsional vibration damper are already decoupled in a drive train in a motor vehicle in the event of an overrun torque when excessive torque is applied.

For example, the output side is formed by a hub and thus the torque limiter unit (with respect to the axis of rotation) is arranged centrally at the hub for connection to a central shaft, for example a transmission input shaft.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the torsional vibration damper that the torque limiter unit comprises a disk pack, at least one outer disk being provided in an outer housing and at least one inner disk being provided in an inner journal, which are pressed together according to the predetermined maximum torque.

In this embodiment, the torque limiter unit comprises a disk pack from which the torque-limiting functional unit is formed. The disk pack comprises outer disks and inner disks, which are accommodated accordingly in an outer housing (also referred to as the outer disk cage) and in an inner journal (also referred to as the inner disk cage) and are axially pressed together so that a predetermined maximum torque of the disk pack can be transmitted and if the maximum torque is exceeded, a torque transmission is reduced or interrupted.

In a preferred embodiment (with the torque limiter unit closed), a relative angle of rotation between the input side and output side relating to the damping function is limited to a predetermined maximum angle by means of a basket stop.

A maximum movement (for example tilting) of the at least one intermediate element and thus a maximum load on the at least one energy storage element are therefore limited. The basket stop is preferably formed by the outer housing, for example by the toothing formed on the radially outside by means of deformation of a sheet metal to form the outer housing (for example deep drawing), which results from the internal toothing for the (positive torque-transmitting) reception of the outer discs in the outer housing. The at least one side window has a corresponding counter-toothing. The side plates thus integrally form the input side, the counter bearing for the compression in the torque limiter unit and the limitation to the predetermined maximum angle for the vibration-damping functional unit of the torsional vibration damper.

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the torsional vibration damper that the outer plate is formed from an organic friction material, the outer plate preferably comprising an impregnated wound yarn.

An outer plate made of an organic friction material allows the predetermined maximum torque to be set very precisely. In comparison to other friction materials, for example sintered material, larger variations, for example with regard to the material composition, the (frictional) surface and the temperature resistance, are possible or can be implemented more cost-effectively for smaller quantities.

An outer lamella made of impregnated yarn is particularly advantageous with regard to the coefficient of friction and the wear behavior, for example high wear resistance and uniform abrasion behavior. It has been found that even a peak load in the event of slipping when limiting the transmittable torque (to a predetermined maximum torque) exhibits good wear behavior. The impregnating agent is preferably the organic friction material. The yarn is preferably formed continuously from a central beginning to a radially outer end. It should be noted that an outer lamella, which comprises a wound impregnated yarn, or solely from this yarn is formed, has a sufficiently high strength that direct contact (that is, without reinforcing means, see below) between the outer housing and the outer plate is sufficient for torque transmission.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the torsional vibration damper that the outer plate has a housing-side reinforcement means for a positive force transmission,
wherein the reinforcing means is preferably a high-strength material, particularly preferably steel.

It should be pointed out at this point that, as a rule, a lamella of a lamella set is formed so as to extend radially from the outer housing to the inner journal. However, the outer plate is only permanently connected to the outer housing in a torque-transmitting manner and, accordingly, the inner plate is only permanently connected to the inner journal in a torque-transmitting manner, for example by means of a respective toothing and preferably axially displaceable for an axial lift when an overload torque is applied. With the respective other component, i.e. the outer housing or the inner journal, the lamellae are only connected to the other lamella side by means of frictional engagement as a result of the axial compression, so for example the outer lamella is only frictionally connected to the inner journal and thus releasably connected to transmit torque. The side of an outer plate by means of which the outer plate is permanently connected to the outer housing in a torque-transmitting manner is therefore referred to as the housing side. A permanent torque-transmitting connection is formed, for example, by means of a form fit, preferably by means of a corresponding toothing. The housing-side reinforcement means of the outer plate is thus arranged in the torque flow between the outer housing and the outer plate. The reinforcement means is designed in such a way that a power transmission between the outer housing and the outer plate is directed, at least in the case of the outer plate, to an enlarged and / or tension-optimized transmission surface of the outer plate. For example, the reinforcing means is designed as a sleeve, as a coating and / or metallic, preferably made of steel. Thus, a friction material can be used for the outer plate which has insufficient mechanical strength for the permanent torque-transmitting connection with the outer housing. The reinforcement means is preferably arranged outside a friction surface of the lamellae of the lamella set which is set up for frictional engagement, particularly preferably outside a radial overlap area of the corresponding lamellae. In one embodiment, the reinforcement means and the friction material are connected to one another in a materially bonded manner, for example in one go in a shaping process. In one embodiment, the reinforcing agent is an addition of material (added in a locally limited manner), for example fiber material, in a matrix which is preferably formed by the friction material.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the torsional vibration damper that the inner plate is formed from steel, preferably produced by means of punching.

An inner plate made of steel can be designed with a small axial expansion with a required maximum torque absorption. At the same time, steel results in a desirable coefficient of friction with a large number of friction materials (for example also metallic friction materials) of the corresponding outer plate and a high level of wear resistance. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of a plurality of inner disks deviating from a flat disk shape with an axial offset and / or depressions, for example embossings, can be implemented without the ability to absorb a desired maximum torque being impaired or even increased. Furthermore, a permanent torque transmission to the inner journal can also be carried out on a small circumference, for example with a small number of teeth of the external toothing of the inner journal, without further (reinforcing) means.

• - zumindest einem, bevorzugt einem einzigen, Sinterteil;
• - einem einzigen Blechtopf, welcher mittels Kaltumformen, bevorzugt Tiefziehen, erzeugt ist;
• - zwei Blechtöpfen, von welchen zumindest einer mittels Kaltumformen, bevorzugt Tiefziehen, erzeugt ist; und/oder
• - einer Mehrzahl von Scheiben, von welchen bevorzugt mehrere, besonders bevorzugt alle, eben ausgebildet sind, und bevorzugt mittels Stanzen erzeugt sind.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the torsional vibration damper that the outer housing has an internal toothing that positively receives the outer disc, the internal toothing being formed at least in part by:

• - At least one, preferably a single, sintered part;
• - A single sheet metal pot, which is produced by means of cold forming, preferably deep drawing;
• - Two sheet metal pots, at least one of which is produced by means of cold forming, preferably deep drawing; and or
• a plurality of disks, of which preferably several, particularly preferably all, are flat, and are preferably produced by means of punching.

Regardless of the selected friction material of the outer plate, but especially in the case of an outer plate made of an organic friction material, the embodiments of the internal toothing of the outer housing proposed here are particularly advantageous. It should be noted at this point that the internal teeth are Recording for the outer plate (s) is formed extending radially inward. In one embodiment, gearing is also formed radially outside, for example in the case of a cold-formed sheet metal part, which is preferably set up to accommodate an (output-side) transmission element (see description below) of the torsional vibration damper.

For example, the internal toothing is formed from a sintered part. A sintered part is inexpensive to manufacture, particularly in the case of large numbers, and can be manufactured inexpensively with a sufficiently low tolerance. In addition, a sintered part with an intrinsically low density has a low mass.

In another embodiment, the internal toothing is formed by a single sheet metal pot, in which the entire lamella pack is received. The alignment of the internal toothing for the outer plate (s) is inherent in production and can be carried out cost-effectively with a low tolerance. The manufacture of such a single sheet metal pot is preferably carried out by means of deep drawing.

In another embodiment, the internal toothing is formed by two metal pots, with the outer plate (s) always remaining in the one of the two metal pots in which the outer plate (s) is also in the case of an (axial) lifting of the lamellae of the lamella set in the event of an overload torque is recorded in a compressed state to transmit torque. With the decreasing, for example halved, (axial) depth of the two metal pots in comparison to a single metal pots, assuming the same thickness of the lamellar stack, the manufacturing costs can be reduced. As an alternative or in addition, a single one of the two metal pots can be used as a single metal pot for a lamellar stack of less thickness, and thus the production costs can be reduced by increasing the number of pieces. In addition, an otherwise necessary disk is replaced with the additional second sheet metal pot, and thus no or at most negligible additional material costs are incurred.

In another embodiment or in addition to one of the aforementioned embodiments, the internal toothing is formed by one or more additional disks. This creates flexibility with regard to the thickness of the lamella pack to be used, with the result that the number of parts that can be used in an expanded manner (for example a sheet metal pot that is otherwise too short axially) can be increased and the production costs can thus be reduced. In one embodiment, only a plurality of disks are used, of which the internal toothing is formed in an axial row. In one embodiment, one or a plurality of (output-side) transmission elements (see description below) of the torsional vibration damper is designed as a disk, with at least one (axial) section of the internal toothing being formed by this disk. The disk used is preferably flat, that is to say, for example, without an axial elevation and depression, so that this disk can be manufactured inexpensively, for example by means of punching, and can be easily assembled with one another. In one embodiment, a sufficiently precise alignment of the internal toothing is ensured during assembly by means of a form fit. In one embodiment, the specific travel portion of an outer disk during an (axial) lift when the torque limiter unit slips is so small that the outer disk always remains with a corresponding disk, i.e. with the disk in which the outer disk (s) are also in a compressed state Is recorded torque transmitting. For example, a disk has an (axial) thickness that is slightly greater than the thickness of a single outer lamella and, in addition, its specific lift-off distance.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the torsional vibration damper that the outer housing is connected to an output-side transmission element of the torsional vibration damper in a torque-transmitting manner, the torque output being formed from the output-side transmission element to the at least one intermediate element, the transmission element preferably being designed as a disk and / or is connected to the outer housing in a torque-transmitting manner by means of riveting.

The output-side transmitter element is in a force-transmitting connection with the at least one intermediate element, that is to say (depending on the embodiment of the vibration-damping functional unit of the torsional vibration damper) forms a track side or a force side. In one embodiment, the output-side transmission element (for example designed as a disk, for example flange disk or side disk) is directly or indirectly connected to the outer housing of the torque limiter unit in a permanent torque-transmitting manner. In one embodiment, a one-piece connection is formed. In another embodiment, a permanent and direct torque-transmitting connection is formed by means of a joining step, for example riveting. This creates increased flexibility in the assembly sequence.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the torque limiter unit that the output side is formed by a hub for the form-fitting connection to a central shaft, preferably a relative one The angle of rotation between the at least one side disk and the hub is limited to a predetermined maximum angle by means of a hub stop between the hub and at least one of the side disks.

Here it is proposed that the output side is formed by a hub for positive connection with a central shaft, and the hub together with the at least one side disk forms a hub stop, so that (with the torque limiter unit closed) a relative angle of rotation between the input side and the output side on one side predetermined maximum angle is limited. A maximum movement (for example tilting) of the at least one intermediate element and thus a maximum load on the at least one energy storage element are therefore limited. The hub stop is formed, for example, by a radial elevation of the hub and a corresponding (limited in the circumferential direction) receptacle in the at least one side window, preferably in both of two side windows. The side plates thus integrally form the input side, the counter bearing for the compression in the torque limiter unit and the limitation to the predetermined maximum angle for the damping components of the torsional vibration damper.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the torsional vibration damper that the inner pin is formed in one piece with a hub, which can be connected to an output-side shaft, preferably in a form-fitting manner, in a torque-transmitting manner, the inner pin having an outer toothing that positively receives the inner lamella.

Here, according to the proposal, the inner journal is formed in one piece with a hub, for example a hub for receiving a central shaft, for example a transmission input shaft. Particularly preferred is the tooth pitch of an inner pin for positively locking inner lamellae a multiple of the tooth spacing of a spline for positively torque-transmitting seating of a central shaft, the number of inner lamellar teeth being less than the number of splines. This favors an advantageous distribution of stress in the hub.

It is also proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the torsional vibration damper that the external toothing comprises a flange stop, by means of which the hub is axially supported on one of the support disks,
wherein the support disk is preferably arranged between an outer plate and an energy storage element for axially pressing the plate pack and the at least one inner plate is arranged axially on the other side of the flange stop.

It is proposed here that an axial flange stop of the hub is set up to position the hub axially, and preferably to hold it. During assembly, the flange stop is introduced centrally into the outer housing, specifically in an order with the lamellae of the lamella set such that the hub is also positioned by means of the axial positioning of the lamellae. In one embodiment, it basically results in an axial play being created when the lamellae lift when a torque exceeding the predetermined maximum torque is applied. With a corresponding arrangement, this axial play corresponds only to the partial lift of a single friction pair made up of an inner plate and an outer plate.

In one embodiment, a friction element is provided between the support disk and the flange stop. The support disc can also be referred to as a pressure lamella. The support disk is arranged between an energy storage element axially supported on the outer housing, for example designed as a plate spring or diaphragm spring, and the corresponding outer plate. This supporting disk is entrained in a purely frictional manner or is suspended like an outer disc in the outer housing to transmit torque, but is preferably formed from the material of the at least one inner disc. Such a support disk is arranged in its axial sequence at the location of an inner lamella. The supporting disk is connected to the inner journal neither in a form-fitting nor materially in a torque-transmitting manner, but only (preferably minimally) frictionally or freely.

The flange stop is preferably arranged between the support disk and the at least one inner lamella, that is to say arranged in an axial overlap with at least one, preferably a single, outer lamella. The assembly sequence is preferably as follows: In a first step, the outer housing or the corresponding part of the outer housing is provided and then the energy storage element is inserted. The support disk is then inserted and, if necessary, subsequently or at the same time, a friction element is used for positioning between the support disk and the flange stop of the hub (inner journal). Then the inner journal, i.e. the hub, is inserted. In one embodiment, the at least one inner lamella and the at least one outer lamella are already preassembled on the inner journal. In another embodiment, all or some of the further lamellae of the lamella set are only then inserted into the introduced radial annular space between the inner pin and the outer housing. Finally, the outer housing is closed and the axial preload of the disk pack, i.e. the predetermined maximum torque, is set. The (or at least the functional part of the) torque limiter unit is thus completely and finally preassembled and can be inserted into a (for example conventional) assembly line as a preassembled structural unit without the need for further adjustment (of the maximum torque).

• - zumindest eine Antriebsmaschine mit einer Maschinenwelle;
• - ein Getriebe zum Übertragen eines Drehmoments der zumindest einen Maschinenwelle an einen Verbraucher; und
• - einen Torsionsschwingungsdämpfer nach einer Ausführungsform gemäß der obigen Beschreibung,

wobei ein Drehmoment zwischen der zumindest einen Antriebsmaschine und dem Verbraucher mittels des Torsionsschwingungsdämpfers vorbestimmt begrenzt und gegen Torsionsschwingungen gedämpft verbunden ist.According to a further aspect, a drive train is proposed having at least the following components:

• - At least one drive machine with a machine shaft;
• - A transmission for transmitting a torque of the at least one machine shaft to a consumer; and
• - a torsional vibration damper according to an embodiment according to the description above,

wherein a torque between the at least one drive machine and the consumer is limited in a predetermined manner by means of the torsional vibration damper and is connected to be damped against torsional vibrations.

The drive train proposed here comprises, in one embodiment, a torque limiter unit in one embodiment according to the above description, with the torque limiter unit being used to transmit torque between the (preferably electrical) drive machine or its machine shaft (rotor shaft) and the at least one consumer, for example the drive wheels in a motor vehicle, is limited by means of a predetermined maximum torque.

In one embodiment, the drive train proposed here comprises a flywheel and / or a dual-mass flywheel, by means of which a torque output of an internal combustion engine is equalized. Particularly in a hybridized drive train, an electric drive machine is protected from excessive torque fluctuations by means of the flywheel or the dual-mass flywheel.

The drive train proposed here comprises, in one embodiment, a hybrid module, by means of which an almost conventional structure of an internal combustion engine can be hybridized by inserting an electric drive machine coaxially or axially parallel, for example by means of a belt drive, into the torque flow in the crankshaft in a space-saving manner.

In one embodiment, the drive train includes at least one of the aforementioned components, preferably including at least one torsional vibration damper according to an embodiment according to the preceding description. In a preferred embodiment, no two-mass flywheel is provided and the equalization of the torque is achieved solely by means of the torsional vibration damper, the torsional vibration damper preferably being arranged in the torque flow at the location of a two-mass flywheel.

With the drive train proposed here, it is possible to achieve low noise emissions with little space requirement and low costs, and at the same time the at least one drive machine is efficiently protected against the transmission of excessive torque. At the same time, the torque limiter unit can be manufactured inexpensively and has an advantageous torque flow in that the torsional vibration damper arranged on the motor side is released from torque when the torque limiter unit is lifted, that is, when it is released.

According to a further aspect, a motor vehicle is proposed, having at least one propulsion wheel, which can be driven by means of a drive train according to an embodiment according to the description above to propel the motor vehicle.

The installation space is particularly small in motor vehicles due to the increasing number of components and it is therefore particularly advantageous to use a drive train of small size. With the desired so-called downsizing of the prime mover with a simultaneous reduction in operating speeds, the intensity of the disruptive vibrations is increased, so that an effective elimination of such vibrations, which are clearly limited to predetermined orders due to the design of the prime mover, for example its number of cylinders, is achieved.

This problem is exacerbated in the case of passenger cars in the small car class according to the European classification. The units used in a passenger car of the small car class are not significantly reduced in size compared to passenger cars of larger car classes. Nevertheless, the space available for small cars is much smaller. In the motor vehicle proposed here, a cost-effective and low-vibration drive train is used without changes to the required installation space, the design of the multi-plate clutch being less susceptible for the development of background noise. A comparable problem occurs with hybrid vehicles in which a plurality of drive machines and clutches are provided in the drive train, so that the overall installation space is reduced. In hybrid vehicles with electric drive machines in particular, it is desirable to decouple the electric drive machine from torque fluctuations in the internal combustion engine. A torsional vibration damper is particularly advantageous for this because it can be adjusted to the increasing softness of the drive train as the torque increases. With the drive train proposed here, it is possible to achieve low noise emissions with little space requirement and low costs, and at the same time the at least one drive machine is efficiently protected against the transmission of excessive torque. At the same time, the torque limiter unit can be manufactured cost-effectively and, in an embodiment in which a conventionally used dual-mass flywheel is replaced by the torsional vibration damper, an (at least axial) gain in installation space can be achieved.

Passenger cars are assigned to a vehicle class according to, for example, size, price, weight and performance, whereby this definition is subject to constant change according to the needs of the market. In the US market, vehicles in the subcompact car class are assigned to the subcompact car class according to the European classification, and in the British market they correspond to the supermini class or the city car class. Examples of the small car class are a Volkswagen up! or a Renault Twingo. Examples of the small car class are an Alfa Romeo MiTo, Volkswagen Polo, Ford Ka + or Renault Clio. Well-known hybrid vehicles are the BMW 330e or the Toyota Yaris Hybrid. An Audi A6 50 TFSI e or a BMW X2 xDrive25e, for example, are known as mild hybrids.

• 1: ein Torsionsschwingungsdämpfer mit einer Drehmomentbegrenzereinheit in Vorderansicht;
• 2: der Torsionsschwingungsdämpfer gemäß 1 in Schnittansicht;
• 3: die Drehmomentbegrenzereinheit in einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 4: die Drehmomentbegrenzereinheit in einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 5: die Drehmomentbegrenzereinheit in einer weiteren Ausführungsform; und
• 6: ein Antriebsstrang mit Torsionsschwingungsdämpfer und Hybridmodul in einem Kraftfahrzeug.

The invention described above is explained in detail below against the relevant technical background with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show preferred embodiments. The invention is in no way restricted by the purely schematic drawings, it being noted that the drawings are not dimensionally accurate and are not suitable for defining size relationships. It is shown in

• 1 : a torsional vibration damper with a torque limiter unit in a front view;
• 2 : the torsional vibration damper according to 1 in sectional view;
• 3 : the torque limiter unit in a further embodiment;
• 4th : the torque limiter unit in a further embodiment;
• 5 : the torque limiter unit in a further embodiment; and
• 6th : a drive train with torsional vibration damper and hybrid module in a motor vehicle.

In 1 is a torsional vibration damper 1 with an axis of rotation 2 and with a torque limiter unit 10 shown in front view. In the embodiment shown, there is a radially outer first side disk 38 as the entry page 4th , and in the center at the common axis of rotation 2 is a hub 25th as the exit page 5 intended. The torsional vibration damper 1 is for example between a combustion shaft 32 , for example connected by means of a first side window 38 the vibration-damping functional unit of the torsional vibration damper 1 , and a rotor shaft 33 in a drive train 3 of a motor vehicle 37 arranged (compare 6th ).

Axially between the first side window 38 and a second side window 39 (compare 2 ) (here two) intermediate elements 6, 7 are provided, which in this view are from the first side window 38 are mainly covered. Between the first intermediate element 6th and the second intermediate element 7th are two energy storage elements 8th , here designed as helical compression springs with a straight spring axis 40 , arranged, wherein the energy storage elements 8th the first intermediate element 6th and the second intermediate element 7th hold each other in a position of rest in the position shown, acting antagonistically. The energy storage elements shown here 8th are (optionally) identical.

The first intermediate element 6th and the second intermediate element 7th are each by means of rolling elements 9 , here two rolling elements 9 to the entry page 4th and a rolling element 9 to the exit page 5 (compare 2 ), connected to transmit torque, of which pars-pro-toto a rolling element 9 on the first intermediate element 6th is provided with reference numerals. The side disks 38, 39 (forming the input side of the track) are coupled to the cam gear formed in this way with the intermediate elements 6, 7. The rolling elements 9 are here (optional) by means of the energy storage elements 8th biased against the respective corresponding tracks of the side panes 38,39 and the intermediate elements 6,7 and thereby only movable in a rolling manner.

The intermediate elements 6, 7 are in turn (forming the output side of the track) via a further cam gear formed there with (here two) flange disks 41, 42 (cf. 2 ) with the hub 25th coupled. The flange washers 41,42 are (here for example by means of the transmitter element 24 of the torsional vibration damper 1 ) with the hub 25th connected to transmit torque.

If there is a torque gradient across the input side 4th to the exit page 5 (and with the torque limiter unit closed 10 ) the side disks 38,39 are relative to the hub 25th or the flange disks 41, 42 are rotated and as a result, the intermediate elements 6, 7 in this embodiment (parallel to one another, like a screw clamp) are forced towards one another by the rolling elements 9 Roll on the corresponding (ramp-like) tracks on the side disks 38, 39 and the flange disks 41, 42. The energy storage elements 8th are compressed in the process, the relative angle of rotation between the side disks 38, 39 and the flange disks 41, 42 translating into a corresponding spring travel of the energy storage elements 8th is translated, namely into a significantly shorter spring travel than with a direct load on energy storage elements 8th , which in the circumferential direction 43 are loaded, as is the case, for example, with a (multiple) flange damper. The translation of the angle of rotation into a short spring deflection means a great rigidity of the torque transmission compared to a (translation-dependent) great softness in the damping behavior against torsional vibrations. In addition, a gear ratio can be set as a function of a twist angle via the geometry of the tracks, that is to say the resulting rigidity (or rather, softness) of the energy storage elements 8th , can be modulated depending on the applied torque gradient.

Central, that is, on the axis of rotation 2 , is a hub 25th arranged, which has a connection to a shaft 26th forms, for example by means of an (internal) spline for a corresponding (external) spline of such a shaft 26th . Now here is the torque limiter assembly 10 radially within the vibration-damping functional unit of the torsional vibration damper 1 arranged and connected to this in a torque-transmitting manner, in this view being a single sheet metal pot 20th deep-drawn outer housing 13th the torque limiter unit 10 the other components of the torque limiter unit 10 covered. Further explanations are to be found with reference to the sectional view AA in FIG 2 to find.

In 2 is the torsional vibration damper 1 according to 1 shown in sectional view. To the previous description regarding the mode of operation of the torsional vibration damper 1 including torque limiter unit 10 is referred. It is easy to see here that the entry side 4th from the first side window 38 and the second side window 39 is formed. Furthermore, one of the radially outer rolling elements is 9 visible in section, which is between the flange washers 41, 42 and the (shown first) intermediate element 6th Is arranged rollable. The side disks 38,39 are with this rolling element 9 not in contact.

The torque limiter unit 10 is arranged on the hub side and also as a disk pack 11 executed. The lamella pack 11 comprises a plurality of outer disks arranged axially alternately 12th and inner lamellas 15th , of which only one is designated pars-pro-toto. In addition, there is (optional) a support disc 14th between a disc spring 29 and the far right outer lamella 12th arranged, namely to transfer the contact pressure of the plate spring evenly across the surface 29 on the plate pack 11 . The outer slats 12th are in the outer case 13th and the inner lamellas 15th in an inner journal 16 positively received, with (optional) the inner pin 16 integral with a hub 25th is formed and one is the inner lamella 15th form-fit receiving external toothing 27 having. The inner lamellas 15th and outer lamellas 12th (and support disc 14th ) are axially connected to each other via the support disc 14th by means of a plate spring 29 pressed. The disc spring 29 is against the outer casing 13th (as shown on the right) supported, the outer housing 13th here (optional) with the first (left as shown in the illustration) first flange washer 41 Is connected to transmit torque by means of rivets, so that the first flange washer 41 also the transmitter element 24 between the vibration-damping functional unit of the torsional vibration damper 1 and the torque limiter unit 10 represents. The first flange washer 41 In this embodiment it also forms part of the outer housing 13th and for the axial compression of the disk pack 11 a power clamp.

In this embodiment are in the outer housing 13th all of the outer disks arranged over its axial extent 12th recorded. Furthermore, the outer housing 13th in this embodiment (optional) one of the single sheet metal pot on its radially inwardly extending side 20th formed internal toothing 18th on, by means of which the outer discs 12th with a corresponding toothing transmitting torque in the outer housing 13th are included. The outer lamella 12th , preferably all outer lamellas 12th of the lamella pack 11 , have a reinforcing means on the housing side 17th for a positive force transmission, wherein the reinforcement means 17th in the embodiment shown is shown sleeve-like and purely by way of example oversized. The reinforcing agent 17th is here outside a friction surface of the outer disks set up for frictional engagement 12th and inner lamellas 15th of the lamella pack 11 arranged.

Here is an axial flange stop 28 between the support disc 14th and an inner lamella 15th , so in axial overlap with at least a single outer plate 12th , on the hub 25th set up to do this, the hub 25th to be positioned axially. In the embodiment shown, the support disk is 14th form-fitting axially displaceable in the outer housing 13th recorded, and at the same time with the hub 25th not, or alternatively (compare 4th and 5 ) only frictionally by means of a friction element 44 , in torque-transmitting contact.

In 3 is only the torque limiter unit 10 namely shown in a further embodiment in sectional view. Unless explained in detail here, reference is made here to the description of the other embodiments shown.

Here includes the outer housing 13th a left sheet metal pot (as shown) 22nd and a right tin pot 21 , with both the left tin pot facing radially inwards 22nd as well as the right tin pot 21 each part of the internal toothing formed by deep drawing 18th for the form-fitting mounting of the outer lamellae 12th exhibit. In this preferred embodiment, the left sheet metal pot 22nd and the right tin pot 21 formed identically. As shown, enclose the left sheet metal pot 22nd and the right tin pot 21 the disk pack 11 so that an axial force clamp is formed. The disc spring 29 is based as in the embodiment in 2 against the right tin pot 21 away. Unlike the embodiment in 2 here is a support disc 14th between the left tin pot 22nd and the first (from the left as shown) outer lamella 12th arranged.

In this embodiment, the outer disks are independent of the other differences 12th formed from impregnated yarn which is continuously wound from a central beginning to a radially outer end. The inner lamellas 15th are as in the embodiment in 2 with one compared to the outer lamellas 12th significantly lower axial expansion compared to the outer disks 12th made of steel.

In 4th is only the torque limiter unit 10 namely shown in a further embodiment in sectional view. Here too, unless explained in detail here, reference is made to the description of the other embodiments shown.

Here are the internal gears 18th in the outer case 13th of several slices 23 formed, which are axially strung together and axially riveted to one another here. The first flange washer 41 and the second flange washer 42 are here as a transmitter element 24 set up. From the second flange washer 42 is in this embodiment a part of the internal toothing radially inward 18th of the outer housing 13th educated.

In this embodiment, the outer disks are independent of the other differences 12th formed from an organic friction material. Here is the hub 25th axially by means of a friction element 44 on the support disc 14th supported. In one embodiment, the external toothing is 27 the hub 25th listed in such a way that over it with the first flange washer 41 an axial stop is formed and thus the hub 25th is positioned axially defined.

In 5 is only the torque limiter unit 10 namely shown in yet another embodiment in sectional view. Here too, unless explained in detail here, reference is made to the description of the other embodiments shown.

Here are the internal gears 18th of the outer housing 13th from a sintered part 19th formed with (optionally) one-piece and (optionally) z-shaped cross-section. This is the sintered part 19th axially between the first flange washer 41 and the second flange washer 42 arranged and connected to them in a torque-transmitting manner by means of rivets. Along the axial extent of the sintered part 19th are all outer lamellas 12th recorded. As in 4th is the support disc 14th additionally on one on the hub 25th arranged in the circumferential direction friction element 44 supported.

In 6th is purely schematically a drive train 3 with a torsional vibration damper 1 and a hybrid module 45 in a motor vehicle 37 shown in a plan view, with a first drive machine in a transverse frontal arrangement 30th , for example an internal combustion engine 30th , with their first machine shaft (combustion shaft 32 ) and a second prime mover 31 , for example an electric drive machine, with a second machine shaft (rotor shaft 33 ) along the axis of rotation 2 and transverse to the longitudinal axis 46 and in front of the driver's cab 47 of the motor vehicle 37 are arranged. This concept is known as hybrid drive. The electric prime mover 31 is here coaxial with a separating clutch 48 arranged, preferably as a structural unit as a so-called hybrid module 45 . The powertrain 3 is used to propel the motor vehicle 37 by driving a left propulsion wheel 35 and a right propulsion wheel 36 (here optionally the front axle of the motor vehicle 37 ) set up by means of a torque output from at least one of the drive machines 30, 31. The torque transmission from the internal combustion engine 30th and from the electric prime mover 31 is by means of the disconnect clutch 48 interruptible. The rotor shaft 33 is permanent (or can be disconnected with a further torque clutch, not shown) with a transmission 34 connected, which is designed, for example, as a continuously variable translating belt transmission.

A torsional vibration damper is located between the drive machines 30, 31 1 Arranged to transmit torque, the torsional vibration damper 1 for example according to an embodiment according to 1 until 5 is executed. The entry page 4th is with the burner shaft 32 tied together. The starting page 5 is with a wave 26th (Input shaft) of the separating clutch 48 connected to transmit torque.

The torsional vibration damper can be manufactured inexpensively and has a service life that is sufficient for most applications.

List of reference symbols

1

Torsional vibration damper

2

Axis of rotation

3

Powertrain

4th

Entry page

5

Exit page

6th

first intermediate element

7th

second intermediate element

8th

Energy storage element

9

Rolling elements

10

Torque limiter unit

11

Lamella pack

12th

Outer lamella

13th

Outer casing

14th

Support disc

15th

Inner lamella

16

Inner pin

17th

Reinforcing agents

18th

Internal gearing

19th

Sintered part

20th

single tin pot

21

right tin pot

22nd

left tin pot

23

disc

24

Transmission element

25th

hub

26th

wave

27

External gearing

28

Flange stop

29

Disc spring

30th

Internal combustion engine

31

electric prime mover

32

Burner shaft

33

Rotor shaft

34

transmission

35

left propulsion wheel

36

right propulsion wheel

37

Motor vehicle

38

first side window

39

second side window

40

Spring axis

41

first flange washer

42

second flange washer

43

Circumferential direction

44

Friction element

45

Hybrid module

46

Longitudinal axis

47

Driver's cab

48

Disconnect clutch

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102015211899 A1 [0002]

Claims (10)

Torsional vibration damper (1) with a rotation axis (2) for a drive train (3), having at least the following components: - an input side (4) for transmitting a torque; - An output side (5) for transmitting a torque; - At least one intermediate element (6,7), at least one energy storage element (8) and at least one rolling element (9), wherein the intermediate element (6,7) is pretensioned by means of the energy storage element (8) and can oscillate between the rolling element (9) with low friction The output side (5) and the input side (4) is arranged; and - a torque limiter unit (10), by means of which a torque transmission between the input side (4) and the output side (5) is limited to a predetermined maximum torque, characterized in that the intermediate element (6,7) between the torque limiter unit (10) and the Input side (4) is supported. Torsional vibration damper (1) Claim 1 , wherein the torque limiter unit (10) comprises a plate pack (11), at least one outer plate (12) in an outer housing (13) and at least one inner plate (15) in an inner journal (16), which are pressed together according to the predetermined maximum torque are. Torsional vibration damper (1) Claim 2 , the outer plate (12) being formed from an organic friction material, the outer plate (12) preferably comprising an impregnated wound yarn. Torsional vibration damper (1) Claim 3 , wherein the outer lamella (12) has a housing-side reinforcing means (17) for a positive force transmission, the reinforcing means (17) preferably being a high-strength material, particularly preferably steel. Torsional vibration damper (1) according to one of the Claims 2 until 4th , the outer housing (13) having an inner toothing (18) which positively receives the outer lamella (12), the inner toothing (18) being formed at least in part by: at least one, preferably a single, sintered part (19); - A single sheet metal pot (20) which is produced by means of cold forming, preferably deep drawing; - Two sheet metal pots (21, 22), at least one of which is produced by means of cold forming, preferably deep drawing; and / or - a plurality of disks (23), of which preferably several, particularly preferably all, are flat, and are preferably produced by means of punching. Torsional vibration damper (1) according to one of the Claims 2 until 5 , the outer housing (13) being connected to an output-side transmission element (24) of the torsional vibration damper (1) in a torque-transmitting manner, the torque output being formed from the output-side transmission element (24) to the at least one intermediate element (6, 7), preferably the The transmission element (24) is designed as a disk (23) and / or is connected to the outer housing (13) in a torque-transmitting manner by means of riveting. Torsional vibration damper (1) according to one of the Claims 2 until 6th , wherein the inner journal (16) is formed in one piece with a hub (25) which can be connected to an output-side shaft (26), preferably in a form-fitting manner, in a torque-transmitting manner, the inner journal (16) having an outer toothing (27) which receives the inner disk (15) in a form-fitting manner ) having. Torsional vibration damper (1) Claim 7 , wherein the external toothing (27) comprises a flange stop (28), by means of which the hub (25) is axially supported on a support disk (14), the support disk (14) preferably between an outer disk (12) and an energy storage element (29) is arranged for the axial pressing of the disk set (11) and the at least one inner disk (15) is arranged axially on the other side of the flange stop (28). Drive train (3), having at least the following components: - At least one drive machine (30,31) with a machine shaft (32,33); - A gear (34) for transmitting a torque of the at least one machine shaft (32, 33) to a consumer (35, 36); and - A torsional vibration damper (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a torque between the at least one drive machine (30,31) and the consumer (35,36) is limited in a predetermined manner by means of the torsional vibration damper (1) and is connected to be damped against torsional vibrations. Motor vehicle (37), having at least one propulsion wheel (35, 36) which, by means of a drive train (3), follows Claim 9 can be driven to propel the motor vehicle (37).

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