DE102020106582A1 - Method for the additive production of a molded body, in particular a vehicle component - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the additive production of a molded body (1), in particular a vehicle component, in an additive manufacturing device (2) by successive selective solidification of a, in particular powdery, building material (3) to form the molded body (1), comprising the following process steps: Shaped body (1) on or on a building board (4) of the additive manufacturing device (2), - Separating the shaped body (1) from the building plate (4), at least in sections a separation of the shaped body (1) and / or in connection with the molded body (1) with built-up auxiliary structure (7) from the building board (4) by means of a separating device (8) which acts directly or indirectly on the molded body (1) and / or on the auxiliary structure (7), such that the Shaped body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) separates from the building board (4), the separating device (8) at least in sections, in particular completely, in or on the building board tte (4) is arranged or formed.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the additive production of a molded body, in particular a vehicle component, in an additive manufacturing device by successive selective solidification of a, in particular powdery, building material to form the molded body, comprising the following process steps: (a) building up at least one molded body on or on a building plate the additive manufacturing device, (b) separating the molded body from the building board.

Corresponding methods for the additive production of a molded body, in particular a vehicle component, in an additive manufacturing device by successive selective solidification of a building material to form the molded body are basically known from the prior art. So teach DE 10 2007 059 865 A1 For example, to manufacture an engine mount in a selective laser melting process. In this case, the powdery building material is applied to a building board and solidified selectively and thus area-dependently by the selective input of energy from a laser. After the molding has been produced, it is removed or separated from the building board.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method which increases the structure and handling of the molded bodies produced, in particular with regard to a simple, quick and inexpensive measure.

The object is achieved by a method for the additive production of a molded body, in particular a vehicle component, according to claim 1, by a building board according to claim 14 or by a molded body according to claim 15. The dependent claims relate to possible embodiments of the method.

1. (a) Aufbauen wenigstens eines Formkörpers an oder auf einer Bauplatte der additiven Fertigungsvorrichtung, (b) Trennen des Formkörpers von der Bauplatte. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass zumindest abschnittsweise ein Trennen des Formkörpers von der Bauplatte und/oder einer im Zusammenhang mit dem Formkörper mit aufgebauten Hilfsstruktur von der Bauplatte vermittels einer Trenneinrichtung erfolgt, welche mittelbar oder unmittelbar auf den Formkörper und/oder auf die Hilfsstruktur einwirkt, derart, dass der Formkörper und/oder die Hilfsstruktur sich von der Bauplatte trennt. Die Trenneinrichtung ist dabei zumindest abschnittsweise, insbesondere vollständig, in oder an der Bauplatte angeordnet oder ausgebildet. Im Zuge der additiven Fertigung des Formkörpers unter Verwendung einer additiven Fertigungsvorrichtung wird durch schichtweise und bereichsabhängige bzw. selektive Energiebeaufschlagung eines, insbesondere schichtartig bereitgestellten, Baumaterials zumindest die geometrische Grundform des Formkörpers erzeugt. Optional kann der Formkörper in einem nachgelagerten Verfahrensschritt einer Wieder-, Neu- und/oder Nachaushärtung unterzogen werden. Beispielsweise wird der im Zuge des additiven Fertigungsverfahren erzeugte Formkörper erst nach dessen Durchlaufen des nachgelagerten Verfahrensschritts derart in seinen chemischen und/oder physikalischen Eigenschaften verändert, dass die für den bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch vorgesehenen Eigenschaften bzw. dessen Zieleigenschaften vorliegen.

The invention relates to a method for the additive production of a molded body, in particular a vehicle component, in an additive manufacturing device by successive selective solidification of a, in particular powder or liquid, building material to form the molded body, comprising the following process steps:

1. (a) building up at least one shaped body on or on a building board of the additive manufacturing device, (b) separating the shaped body from the building board. The method is characterized in that, at least in sections, the shaped body is separated from the building board and / or an auxiliary structure built up in connection with the shaped body from the building board by means of a separating device which directly or indirectly affects the shaped body and / or the auxiliary structure acts in such a way that the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure separates from the building board. The separating device is arranged or formed at least in sections, in particular completely, in or on the building board. In the course of additive manufacturing of the molded body using an additive manufacturing device, at least the basic geometric shape of the molded body is generated by applying energy to a building material, in particular provided in layers, in layers and areas. Optionally, the shaped body can be subjected to re-curing, re-curing and / or post-curing in a subsequent process step. For example, the molded body produced in the course of the additive manufacturing process is only changed in its chemical and / or physical properties after it has passed through the downstream process step in such a way that the properties intended for the intended use or its target properties are present.

In the course of the additive manufacturing process, an at least partially, in particular completely, powdery or liquid building material can be used which, during its area-dependent application of energy, in particular by means of a laser beam and / or an electron beam and / or UV radiation, is converted into a solid Structure having body cured, in particular melted and / or remelted.

The additive manufacturing method used can preferably have a height-adjustable building platform, with a building board being able to be arranged on or on the building platform. The building board can be separated from the additive manufacturing device, in particular from the building platform, for example after completion of the building process and thus after building the molded body. If the building board is attached to the additive manufacturing device in a separable or detachable manner (i.e. in particular non-destructively detachable), it can be removed from the additive manufacturing device together with the molded body and possibly other solidified or non-solidified building material in order to separate the molded body at a different location from the building board or a removal of unconsolidated building material or other solidified building material, e.g. B. of auxiliary structures. In this case, the building board preferably forms a body produced in a non-additive manufacturing process. For example, the building board has been manufactured in a subtractive manufacturing process. Alternatively, the molded body or the auxiliary structures can be applied directly in the course of the additive manufacturing process A construction platform on the manufacturing device side can be built up, wherein a type of building board can be formed by means of an additively solidified structure or an additively in the building process with an auxiliary structure built up. The separating device described herein can, for example, in sections, in particular completely, form a component of the construction platform of the additive manufacturing device.

After the shaped body has been built up, it is separated from the building board, since the intended shape or the target geometry of the shaped body typically does not include a building board or a building board-like shape.

The separating device described herein can simplify the process of separating the molded body and / or an auxiliary structure from the building board. The separating device can be at least partially, in particular completely, directly, i. H. act directly on the shaped body to be separated and / or the auxiliary structure or means of the separating device come into direct contact with the shaped body or with the auxiliary structure. Alternatively or additionally, at least in sections, in particular completely, the separating device can act indirectly on the molded body to be separated and / or the auxiliary structure; in this case, the building board-side separating device can interact with means that are not arranged or formed on the building board side and, via these means, on the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure to be separated act in such a way that it can be removed from the building board or its removal can be carried out with reduced forces.

Here, the separating device is arranged or formed at least in sections, in particular completely, in or on the building board. In other words, the separating device comprises, at least in sections on its surface and / or at least in sections within the volume of the building board, a movable or stationary means which forms at least one component of a separating device. By means of the separating device arranged or formed on the building board side, the shaped body to be separated and / or the auxiliary structure to be separated can be separated from the building board with reduced forces and / or completely by the separating device.

It is possible that the indirect and / or direct action of the separating device on the shaped body and / or on the auxiliary structure comprises, for example, a thermal and / or a magnetic and / or mechanical and / or a chemical action. For example, the shaped body and / or the auxiliary structure is acted upon by means of the separating device with thermal energy and / or a compressive and / or tensile force and / or a substance that triggers a chemical reaction and / or by means of magnetic forces or a magnetic field. Thus, for example, through the separating device, thermal energy can act on the shaped body and / or the auxiliary structure in such a way that a separation of the shaped body and / or the auxiliary structure results or at least facilitates it. A compressive force can take place, for example, by applying an overpressure to the molded body to be separated and / or to the auxiliary structure to be separated can act directly on the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure.

For example, the separating device can comprise a gas which generates negative pressure in order to hold the molded body on the building board. I. E. z. B. that a cohesive connection that allows the molded body to adhere to the building board, starting from the remelting and / or melting of the building material in the course of the application by means of an energy beam, can be reduced or to a reduced extent, so that a contact force by one of the separating device the applied negative pressure to generate a sufficient holding force to hold the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure on the building board is present. Alternatively or additionally, a compressive force can act on the molded body and / or on the auxiliary structure in the cutting process, starting from the cutting device, at least temporarily in such a way that the molded body and / or auxiliary structure is pushed away from the building board for cutting.

It is also possible for the separating device to act thermally on the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure. I. E. z. B. that a targeted transfer of thermal energy to the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure is carried out in order to reduce or eliminate the holding forces of the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure to the building board due to the thermal effect, so that a separation of the molded body or the auxiliary structure can be reached from the building board.

By means of a channel structure arranged on the building board side (the separating device), for example, a tensile force can take place at least temporarily, for example by applying a negative pressure, in particular a vacuum, to the molded body and / or to the auxiliary structure. For this purpose, the negative pressure can be applied, for example, during the construction of the shaped body and / or an auxiliary structure, so that the adhesion or fixation of the solidified building material takes place at least in sections by a tensile force. Thus, during the separation of the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure, the Tensile force, in particular the negative pressure or the vacuum, can be canceled or reduced so that the adherence or fixation of the solidified building material to the building board is canceled or at least reduced and the separation can thus be carried out in a simplified manner. In other words, it can be provided, for example, that during the additive construction of the shaped body by means of the separating device, a negative pressure acts on the shaped body, which at least partially promotes and / or creates a connection of the shaped body and / or the auxiliary structure to the building board. In particular, the molding and / or the auxiliary structure is separated from the building board by reducing and / or removing the negative pressure, preferably by subjecting the molding and / or the auxiliary structure to an overpressure achieved or transmitted by means of the separating device. By applying the negative pressure, the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure can be non-positively connected to the building board at least in some areas.

The building board can, for example, have one or preferably a plurality of openings or a perforated surface at least on the surface facing the building space for building the building material, wherein a tensile and / or compressive force on the part of the separating device of the building board during the separation of the Shaped body and / or the auxiliary structure can be applied from the building board. The openings can, for example, form part of a channel structure on the building board side. In this case, the access openings of the channel structure of the building board can be or can be connected to corresponding fluid and / or medium sources held on the additive manufacturing device.

The separating device can, for example, be built up in sections in the course of the additive manufacturing process. The additively built-up section of the separating device preferably adjoins a section of the separating device on the building board side, in such a way that during the separation of the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure from the building board, the additively built-on section of the separating device and the building-board-side section of the separating device interact. For example, in the course of the additive manufacturing process, a section of the separating device is also built up by area-dependent or selective solidification of the building material, this separating device section interacting at least temporarily with a building board-side separating device section. This interaction can carry out and / or promote the separation of at least one shaped body and / or of at least one auxiliary structure. For example, the separating device section, which is additionally built up, comprises movable elements which interact with movably mounted elements on the building board side in such a way that these together form a mechanism which, when actuated, executes or facilitates separation of the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure.

The separating device can, for example, comprise a transmission means, in particular at least one tension and / or pressure body, which is acted upon or can be acted upon by an introduction force introduced at an introduction area, in particular an introduction tensile and / or introduction compressive force, so that by direct or indirect action the transfer means, in particular the tension and / or pressure body, on the molded body and / or on the auxiliary structure of the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure is separated from the building board or its separation is at least partially simplified. The transmission means, in particular arranged on the building board side or movably mounted on the building board side, can be designed, for example, as an ejector pin. A transfer means, in particular an ejector pin, mounted on the building board side and / or in an additively built-on separator section, can preferably be arranged captively in or on the building board or in or on the additively built-on separator section. Loss-proof means here that the transmission means is movably mounted in or on the building plate or the additively constructed separating device section in such a way that it cannot or is detachable inadvertently from or from the building plate or from the additively built separating device section.

The separating device and / or the building board can, for example, comprise a connection area to which a connection means is connected at least temporarily, wherein in the connected state of the connection means a liquid and / or gaseous medium is transferred from the connection means via the connection area into a media receiving area, in particular a media receiving channel, which Separating device is introduced or can be introduced. The media receiving area preferably extends from a connection area to a separation point of the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure, at which the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure is separated from the building board. The connection means can, for. B. comprise a rigid or flexible feed channel. The connection means can, for example, be at least partially, in particular completely, part of the additive manufacturing device and / or be part of a downstream processing station in or on which an assembly consisting of molded body and / or auxiliary structure and building board is inserted or attached can to get there a separating of the Execute molded body and / or the auxiliary structure from the building board.

After separating the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure from the building board using the separating device, the building board can preferably be completely freed from solidified building material so that the building board can be used for a new build process to build a molded body on this building board.

The transmission means can consist, for example, of at least two, at least temporarily and / or at least partially movable transmission elements relative to one another, the at least two transmission elements executing a relative movement to one another during the action of an introduction force, preferably the two transmission elements carrying out a linear and / or rotary movement to one another . During the movement of the at least one transmission element, in particular all of the transmission elements, it guides or guides them at least in sections, in particular completely, a (a) by means of at least one guide area arranged or formed on the separating device side and / or (b) by means of at least one with at least one further transmission element and / or a shaped body and / or a support location of an operatively connected joint, a defined, in particular guided or steered movement.

In a preferred embodiment, a first group of solidified building material consisting of at least one molded body can be separated from the building board by the action of a separating device independently of a second group of solidified building material consisting of at least one molded body and / or at least one auxiliary structure. For this purpose, for example, different means of the separating device can be used for the respective group. As a result of the group-specific separation of the elements (the molded bodies and / or auxiliary structures) of the groups, a targeted release of the respective group can be initiated by the separating device. This can have a positive influence on handling, in particular automated or robot-supported handling, of the elements of the groups. Preferably, to separate the first group of solidified building material, at least in sections, in particular completely, a first separating means of the separating device acts on the first group of solidified building material and to separate the second group of solidified building material from the building board, a second separating means of the separating device acts on the second Group of solidified building materials. For example, it can be provided that at least one separating means is designed in such a way that it induces or uses a chemical reaction and / or mechanically and / or thermally towards it for separating a group of at least one shaped body and / or from at least one auxiliary structures separating groups acts and a further group of at least one shaped body and / or of at least one auxiliary structure by means of separating the first group uses or applies a different physical and / or chemical principle.

The first and second separating means of the separating device can, for example, be (a) in their geometric shape and / or (b) in the amount of a compressive force and / or in the amount of a pressure pulse to perform the separation of the respective group of solidified building material from the building board differentiate. The separating means can also differ in the manner of a chemical reaction and / or magnetic forces caused by them.

The at least partially, in particular complete, action of the separating device on at least one shaped body and / or on at least one auxiliary structure can be carried out, for example, while the shaped body and / or the auxiliary structure is located within the additive manufacturing device in which the shaped body was produced. Alternatively or additionally, after the molded body has been built up in the additive manufacturing device, the molded body with the building board can be removed from the additive manufacturing device and fed to a processing device, the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure at least in sections, in particular completely, being acted on in or on the processing device the separating device is separated from the building board or the separation is promoted.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it can be provided, for example, that during gripping, in particular by gripping, an assembly consisting of at least one molded body and a building board by means of a gripping device, the molded body and / or the auxiliary structure at least partially, in particular completely, from the building board is separated. In particular, the gripper acts on the separating device in such a way that it separates the at least one molded body and / or at least one auxiliary structure from the building board.

The additive process for producing the shaped body and, if necessary, the auxiliary structure can, for example, be a stereolithography process and / or a laser sintering process and / or a laser beam melting process and / or a selective laser melting process and / or an electron beam melting process and / or or a fused layer modeling / manufacturing process and / or a multi-jet Modeling method and / or a poly-jet modeling method and / or a binder jetting method and / or a layer laminated manufacturing method and / or a continuous liquid interface production method and / or a thermal transfer sintering method and / or a digital light processing method and / or a digital light synthesis method. The above-mentioned methods can each include a building board, in particular which can be detachably fastened in the additive manufacturing device, for building up the molded body on or on this building board. The building material, in particular liquid or powdery, processed in the additive method can preferably comprise metal and / or plastic and / or synthetic resin or can comprise at least one of the aforementioned materials.

In addition to the method for the additive production of a molded body, in particular a vehicle component, the invention also relates to a construction panel for use in a method described herein. The invention also relates to a molded body, in particular a vehicle component, produced using a method described herein. Optionally, such a shaped body and / or an auxiliary structure can comprise an impact section which is designed in such a way that it interacts with the separating device, in particular on the building board side, in such a way that the separating device can perform or at least convey a separation of the shaped body and / or the auxiliary structure in the separating process . The building board can, for example, comprise receiving means for receiving a separating device and / or at least in sections (e.g. components), in particular completely, the separating device.

All advantages, details, designs and / or features of the method according to the invention can be transferred or applied to the building board according to the invention and / or to the molded body according to the invention.

• 1 eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Vorrichtung zur additiven Herstellung eines Formkörper gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2 eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Bauplatte umfassend eine eine Kanalstruktur umfassende Trenneinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Bauplatte umfassend eine eine Mechanik umfassende Trenneinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel.

The invention is explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments in the drawings. It shows:

• 1 a schematic diagram of a device for the additive production of a molded body according to an embodiment;
• 2 a schematic diagram of a building board comprising a separating device comprising a channel structure according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 3 a schematic diagram of a building board comprising a separating device comprising a mechanism according to an exemplary embodiment.

The invention relates to a method for the additive production of a molded body 1 in particular a vehicle component, in an additive manufacturing device 2 through successive selective solidification of a building material, in particular in powder or liquid form 3 to form the molded body 1 , comprising the following process steps: (a) building up at least one shaped body 1 on or on a building board 4th the additive manufacturing device 2 , (b) Separating the shaped body 1 from the build plate 4th .

The building board 4th can for example be part of the additive manufacturing device 2 form. Preferably the building board is 4th composed of a material that is different from the building material 3 is. Alternatively or additionally, the building board 4th at least in sections from one of the building materials 3 be made similar or identical material. The building board 4th may, for example, have been manufactured in a subtractive manufacturing process or at least in sections have been manufactured in an additive manufacturing process.

In 1 is an example of an additive manufacturing device 2 shown, which by means of a CLIP process a molded body 1 trains. In addition to the CLIP method, the method according to the invention can also be applied to other additive construction methods that use a liquid or powdery building material 3 use, be applied. The CLIP method can provide that in the first consolidation step, in particular in a polymerization step, a first building material that can be solidified or solidified under the action of energy, in particular under the action of UV radiation 3 successively, preferably in layers, selectively by means of one of a radiation device 9 emitted energy radiation, in particular UV radiation 6th or light radiation, is solidified to finally form a molded body 1 to train.

The illustrated additive manufacturing device 2 can be one, preferably detachable in the additive manufacturing device 2 attached or attachable, building container 5 have, the building container 5 with a liquid building material, in particular consisting of plastic and / or synthetic resin 3 is filled. The floor 17th of the container 5 is light and gas permeable, or with a light and gas permeable body 18th - also referred to as a permeable window - provided, so that the energy radiation, in particular the UV radiation 6th , the ground 17th of the building container 5 penetrate and in an intermediate area 19th - also referred to as "dead zone" - hit or in an intermediate area 19th and the building material located there 3 can solidify area-dependent or selectively. The light and gas permeable body 18th enables energy radiation, in particular UV radiation, to pass through 6th , and a gas medium (not shown). The UV radiation 6th gets to the building material 3 and hardens it, the gas medium reaches the building material 3 and prevents the building material from sticking 2 to the ground 17th or to the light and gas permeable body 18th of the building container 4th and thus contributes to the functioning of the intermediate area 19th at. The UV radiation 6th emerges from the radiation device 9 or a light source and is supported by at least two mirror elements 20th , 20 'having mirror device 21 so deflected that the UV radiation 6th in the intermediate area 19th selectively area-dependent, for example also at least in sections over an area, the intensity and / or exposure time of the UV radiation 6th within the impact area in the intermediate area 19th can be different or can be controlled in a targeted manner. This can be used in the intermediate area 19th a solidified or partially solidified shaped body 1 or partially molded body, in particular with area-dependent (depending, for example, on the intensity of the UV radiation 6th ) different material properties.

The intensity and / or exposure time of the UV radiation 6th is achieved, for example, by a control (a) of the mirror elements that move, particularly in terms of frequency 20th , 20 'of a mirror device 21 and / or (b) the radiation device 9 set. As a radiation device 9 For example, at least one UV LED light source can be used. The mirror device 21 can for example be designed as a micromirror array.

The one in the first building material, for example 3 The photo-initiators located there dissolve due to the energetic effect of the UV radiation 6th radical polymerization, in which monomers grow into polymers through chain cleavage of the double bond. The building material 3 hardens along the exposed area. This creates a connection to the height-adjustable (see arrow 22nd ) Building platform or building plate 4th , which are successively or continuously by the action of an actuator (not shown) to one layer height upwards (i.e. from the radiation device 9 away) to create a space for building material to flow in and to be solidified depending on the area 3 to build. With the CLIP procedure, the intermediate area usually remains 19th or that of UV radiation 6th facing area of the molded body 1 and the floor 17th of the building container 5 always with liquid building material during the construction process 3 covered (with the exception of the after running, a free space below the raised building board 4th or below the raised molding 1 filling liquid building material 3 ) caused by UV radiation 6th in turn can be solidified. By repeating this process several times, a layered shaped body is successively created 1 .

After the desired shape of the molded body 1 is achieved by this process, the molded article 1 entirely from the bath of the (unsolidified) liquid building material 3 or from the liquid building material 3 filled container 5 , especially from the synthetic resin, moved out and finally from the building board 4th separated or solved.

The at least section-wise separation of the shaped body 1 and / or one in connection with the shaped body 1 with built-up auxiliary structure 7th takes place from the building board 4th by means of a separating device 8th , which directly or indirectly on the molded body 1 and / or on the auxiliary structure 7th acts in such a way that the shaped body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th off the build plate 4th separates, the separating device 8th at least in sections, in particular completely, in or on the building board 4th is arranged or formed. By means of a separating device arranged or constructed on the building board side 8th can, for example, an automated or partially automated separation of the shaped body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th are executed.

In the 2 is the separator 8th as a channel structure 10 formed, there is the channel structure 10 at least in sections, in particular completely, in the building board 4th integrated.

The indirect and / or direct action of the separating device 8th on the molded body 1 and / or on the auxiliary structure 7th can for example comprise a thermal and / or a magnetic and / or a mechanical and / or a chemical action. In particular, the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th by means of the separating device 8th applied with thermal energy and / or a compressive and / or tensile force and / or a substance that triggers a chemical reaction. In the case of a channel structure 10 comprehensive separation device 8th can within the channel structure 10 at least temporarily a medium and / or a fluid can be guided that the shaped body during the separation process 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th applied with an overpressure. Alternatively or additionally, the channel structure 10 or the medium or fluid located in this can be used, at least during the additive build-up process, at least temporarily to apply a negative pressure to the shaped body to be released later 1 and / or auxiliary structure 7th to put on.

The auxiliary structure 7th there is no actual component for the later intended use of the target functions of the component or of the molded body 1 include. Rather, the auxiliary structure 7th For example, form a support structure which has a support function in particular during the additive manufacturing process. Alternatively or additionally, the auxiliary structure 7th for example a later transport and / or later handling of the at least one shaped body 1 have a simplifying and / or supporting function. The auxiliary structure 7th can e.g. B. over predetermined breaking areas with the at least one molded body 1 be connected or attached, so that the auxiliary structure in the ongoing manufacturing and / or handling process 7th in a simple and comfortable way from the molded body 1 can be separated. The auxiliary structure 7th and / or a shaped body 1 via predetermined breaking points with the building board 4th be connected to separating the auxiliary structure 7th and / or the shaped body 1 from the build plate 4th to simplify.

The, for example, with a channel structure 10 provided, building board 4th can, for example, on its the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th facing surface at least one opening of the channel structure 10 include, in particular, this surface of the building board 4th a perforated shape, the openings of the perforation at least partially, in particular completely, in the channel structure 10 or in the building board 4th are integrated.

It is thus possible, for example, that during the additive construction of the molded body 1 by means of the separating device 8th a negative pressure on the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th acts, which a connection of the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th on the build plate 4th at least partially promotes and / or generated, in particular the separation of the shaped body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th from the build plate 4th by reducing and / or eliminating the negative pressure, preferably by applying the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th with one by means of the separating device 8th generated or transmitted overpressure. In other words, the at least temporarily applied negative pressure enables an at least partially non-positive connection of the molded body 1 or auxiliary structure 7th with the build plate 4th . By means of this non-positive connection component, for example, an additional material connection component, which is based on the introduction of energy by means of the energy radiation of the additive manufacturing process, can be designed or executed in a weaker manner.

The separator 8th can, for example, be built up in sections in the course of the additive manufacturing process, preferably followed by an additively built up section 11 the separator 8th to a section on the building board 12th the separator 8th on, in such a way that during the separation of the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th from the build plate 4th the additively built-up section 11 the separator 8th and the panel-side section 12th the separator 8th cooperate. According to the right-hand version of the separating device 8th according to 3 it can be seen that when force is applied from below (arrow 13th ) one, especially with vertical and linear movement components, movable in the building panel 4th stored building panel-side section 12th the separator 8th with an additive on or on the build plate 4th constructed section 11 the separator 8th cooperates in such a way that when force is applied according to the arrow 13th a power transmission or a compressive force transmission from a first member 14th of the panel-side section 12th on a second link 14 ' of the panel-side section 12th and from this to a third link 14 '''of an additively constructed section 11 he follows. The third link 14 '''transmits the compressive force to one of the building board 4th moldings to be separated 1 and / or auxiliary structure 7th the end. The third link 14 '''can be designed, for example, in the form of an ejector pin.

The separator 8th can for example be a transmission medium 15th , in particular at least one pulling and / or pushing body, which by an at an introduction area 16 initiated introductory force, see arrow 13th , in particular an initial tensile and / or initial compressive force, is applied, so that by direct or indirect action of the transmission means 15th , in particular of the tension and / or pressure body, onto the molded body 1 and / or on the auxiliary structure 7th the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th from the build plate 4th is separated. In other words, form the links described in the previous paragraph 14th , 14 ' , 14 " such a transmission medium 15th off, being the introductory area 16 for example on one of a build-up surface for building up the molded body 1 different, in particular opposite, arranged surface of the building board 4th can be arranged or formed. In the left version of the transmission medium 15th according to 3 is a lever mechanism 23 can be seen by applying a tensile force to the lead-in area 16 a compressive force on any moldings 1 and / or any auxiliary structures 7th relative to the build plate 4th can be exercised.

The separator 8th and / or the build plate 4th can for example be a connection area 24 include to which a connection means 25th is or can be connected at least temporarily, with the connection means in the connected state 25th a liquid and / or gaseous medium from the connection means 25th via the connection area 24 into a media receiving area 26th , in particular a media receiving channel (e.g. in the form of the channel structure mentioned above 10 ), the separating device, preferably on the building board side 8th is introduced. The media receiving area preferably extends 26th of a Connection area 24 up to a separation point of the shaped body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th on which the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th from the build plate 4th is separated. According to 2 can the connection area 24 have a geometry and / or a nature that allows at least a temporary coupling of the connection area 24 with a connection means 25th enables. In the embodiment shown, the connection area comprises 24 an annular bead, which is connected to a corresponding shaped element of the connecting means 25th corresponds at least temporarily. In other words, the connection means is 25th and the connection area 24 designed in such a way that they can enter into a media-tight connection at least temporarily.

The means of transmission 15th can, for example, consist of at least two, at least temporarily and / or at least in sections relatively movable transmission elements or links 14th , 14 ' , 14 " exist and during the action of the introduction force, the at least two transmission elements or links can 14th , 14 ' , 14 " execute a relative movement to one another, preferably the two transmission elements or links lead 14th , 14 ' , 14 " to each other a linear and / or rotary movement.

It is possible that a first group of solidified building material 3 consisting of at least one shaped body 1 by the action of a separating device 8th independent of a second group of solidified building material 3 consisting of at least one shaped body 1 and / or at least one auxiliary structure 7th from the build plate 4th is separated. Preferably acts to separate the first group of solidified building material 3 at least in sections, in particular completely, a first separating means of the separating device 8th on the first group of solidified building material 3 and for separating the second group of consolidated building material from the building panel 4th a second separating means of the separating device, which is different from the first separating means, acts 8th on the second group of solidified building materials. In this way, by specifically setting the respective separating means in motion, a separation of defined shaped bodies can be carried out selectively or in a targeted manner 1 and / or auxiliary structures 7th or z. B. of their respective groups from the building board 4th are executed.

The first and the second separating means of the separating device 8th can be, for example, (a) in their geometric shape and / or (b) in the amount of a compressive force and / or in the amount of a pressure pulse to perform the separation of the respective group of solidified building material 3 from the build plate 4th differentiate. This can be accompanied by the fact that the respective attachment locations of the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structures 7th have a corresponding configuration such that, for. B. by appropriate control or impulse application of these attachment locations a targeted separation or loosening of the molded body 1 and / or auxiliary structure 7th from the build plate 4th results.

The action of the separating device 8th on the molded body 1 and / or on the auxiliary structure 7th For example, can be performed while the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th within the additive manufacturing device 2 , in which the molded body 1 was established. The additive manufacturing device 2 themselves comprise means for activating and / or deactivating the separating device on the building board side 8th to serve.

After the molding has been built up 1 in the additive manufacturing device 2 can the shaped body 1 for example with the building board 4th from the additive manufacturing device 2 are removed and fed to a processing device (not shown), the shaped body in or on the processing device 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th at least in sections, in particular completely, under the action of the separating device 8th from the build plate 4th is separated. In this case, the separating device can do this 8th activating and / or deactivating means are kept in or on the processing device.

During a gripping, in particular by a gripping, one of at least one shaped body 1 and a build plate 4th existing assembly by means of a gripping device (not shown) the molded body 1 and / or the auxiliary structure 7th for example, at least in sections, in particular completely, from the building board 4th be separated. In particular, the gripper can act on the separating device 8th act in such a way that through this the at least one shaped body 1 and / or at least one auxiliary structure 7th from the build plate 4th is separated. This can be an automation aspect for the additive manufacturing of moldings 1 to be continued.

The additive manufacturing process for manufacturing the molded body 1 For example, a stereolithography process (SL) and / or a laser sintering process (LS) and / or a laser beam melting process (LBM) and / or in particular a selective laser melting process (SLM) and / or an electron beam melting process (EBM ) and / or a fused layer modeling / manufacturing process (FLM / FFF) and / or a multi-jet modeling process (MJM) and / or a poly-jet modeling process (PJM) and / or a binder jetting process and / or a layer laminated manufacturing process (LLM) and / or a continuous liquid interface production process (CLIP) and / or a thermal transfer sintering process (TTS) and / or a digital light processing method (DLP) and / or a digital light synthesis method (DLS). The, in particular liquid or powdery, building material processed in the additive method preferably comprises 3 Metal and / or plastic and / or synthetic resin or can have at least one of the aforementioned materials.

List of reference symbols

1

Moldings

2

Manufacturing device

3rd

Building material

4th

Building board

5

Construction container

6th

UV radiation

7th

Auxiliary structure

8th

Separator

9

Radiation device

10

Channel structure

11

Section (built up additively) from 8

12th

Section (on the building board side) of 8

13th

arrow

14, 14 ', 14 "

element

15th

Means of transmission

16

Introductory area

17th

Floor of 5

18th

body

19th

Intermediate area

20th

Mirror element

21

Mirror device

22nd

arrow

23

Lifting mechanism

24

Connection area

25th

Connection means

26th

Media receiving area

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102007059865 A1 [0002]

Claims (15)

A method for the additive production of a molded body (1), in particular a vehicle component, in an additive manufacturing device (2) by successive selective solidification of a, in particular powdery, building material (3) to form the molded body (1), comprising the following process steps: Shaped body (1) on or on a building board (4) of the additive manufacturing device (2), - Separation of the shaped body (1) from the building board (4), characterized in that at least in sections a separation of the shaped body (1) and / or an im Connection to the molded body (1) with built-up auxiliary structure (7) from the building board (4) takes place by means of a separating device (8) which acts directly or indirectly on the molded body (1) and / or on the auxiliary structure (7), such as that the molded body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) separates from the building board (4), the separating device (8) at least in sections, in particular completely ig, is arranged or formed in or on the building board (4). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the indirect and / or direct action of the separating device (8) on the molded body (1) and / or on the auxiliary structure (7) comprises a thermal and / or a magnetic and / or mechanical and / or a chemical action In particular, the shaped body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) is acted upon by means of the separating device (8) with thermal energy and / or a compressive and / or tensile force and / or a substance that triggers a chemical reaction. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that during the additive construction of the molded body (1) by means of the separating device (8), a negative pressure acts on the molded body (1), which a connection of the molded body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) to the building board ( 4) at least partially promotes and / or generated, in particular the separation of the shaped body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) from the building board (4) is achieved by reducing and / or removing the negative pressure, preferably by applying the shaped body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) with an overpressure achieved or transmitted by means of the separating device (8). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating device (8) is built up in sections in the course of the additive manufacturing process; Separating device (8) in such a way that during the separation of the molded body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) from the building board (4), the additively built-up section (11) of the separating device (8) and the section (12 ) cooperate with the separating device (8). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating device (8) comprises a transmission means (15), in particular at least one pulling and / or pushing body, which is triggered by an introducing force, in particular an introducing pull, and / or introducing compressive force, so that by direct or indirect action of the transmission means (15), in particular the tension and / or pressure body, on the molded body (1) and / or on the auxiliary structure (7) of the building board (4) is separated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating device (8) and / or the building board (4) comprises a connection area (24) to which a connection means (25) is connected at least temporarily, wherein in the connected state of the connection means ( 25) a liquid and / or gaseous medium from the connection means (25) via the connection area (24) into a media receiving area (26), in particular a media receiving channel, into which the separating device (8) is introduced; the media receiving area (26) preferably extends from a Connection area (24) up to a separation point of the molded body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7), at which the molded body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) is separated from the building board (4). Procedure according to Claim 5 or 6th , characterized in that the transmission means (15) consists of at least two, at least temporarily and / or at least in sections relatively movable transmission elements and during the action of the introduction force the at least two transmission elements execute a relative movement to each other, preferably the two transmission elements lead to each other a linear and / or rotary motion. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first group of solidified building material (3) consisting of at least one shaped body (1) by the action of a separating device (8) independently of a second group of solidified building material (3) consisting of at least one Molded body (1) and / or at least one auxiliary structure (7) is separated from the building board (4), preferably a first separating agent of the separating device (8) acts at least in sections, in particular completely, to separate the first group of solidified building material (3) the first group of solidified building material (3) and to separate the second group of solidified building material (3) from the building panel (4), a second separating means of the separating device (8) acts on the second group of solidified building material (3). Procedure according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the first and the second separating means of the separating device (8) differ - in their geometric shape and / or - in the amount of a compressive force and / or in the amount of a pressure pulse to perform the separation of the respective group of solidified building material ( 3) differ from the building plate (4). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the action of the separating device (8) on the shaped body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) is carried out while the shaped body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) located within the additive manufacturing device (2) in which the molded body (1) was produced. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the construction of the molded body (1) in the additive manufacturing device, the molded body (1) with the building board (4) is removed from the additive manufacturing device (2) and fed to a processing device, wherein in or on the processing device the shaped body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure (7) is separated from the building board (4) at least in sections, in particular completely, under the action of the separating device (8). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during gripping, in particular by gripping, an assembly consisting of at least one molded body (1) and a building board (4) by means of a gripping device of the molded body (1) and / or the auxiliary structure ( 7) is at least partially, in particular completely, separated from the building board (4), in particular the gripper acts on the separating device (8) in such a way that the at least one shaped body (1) and / or at least one auxiliary structure (7) of the building plate (4) is separated. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive process for producing the molded body (1) is a stereolithography process (SL) and / or a laser sintering process (LS) and / or a laser beam melting process (LBM) and / or in particular a selective laser melting process (SLM) and / or an electron beam melting process (EBM) and / or a fused layer modeling / manufacturing process (FLM / FFF) and / or a multi-jet modeling process (MJM) and / or a poly-jet modeling process (PJM) and / or a binder jetting process and / or a layer laminated manufacturing process (LLM) and / or a continuous liquid interface production process (CLIP) and / or thermal transfer sintering Method (TTS) and / or a digital light processing method (DLP) and / or a digital light synthesis method (DLS), preferably comprises the building material processed in the additive method, in particular liquid or powdery, (3) Metal and / or plastic and / or synthetic resin. Building panel (4) for use in a method according to one of the preceding claims. Molded body (1), in particular a vehicle component, produced in a method according to one of the Claims 1 until 13th .

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