DE102020102869A1 - Method for battery-compatible operation of a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for battery-friendly operation of a motor vehicle (1), the motor vehicle (1) having at least one traction drive (2) and a battery (3) for supplying energy to the traction drive (2); the method comprising at least the following steps: a) providing a target value (4) for the operation of the motor vehicle (1), at least including information (5) for a user (15) of the motor vehicle (1) about the battery-compatible operation of the motor vehicle (1), b) operation of the motor vehicle (1) by the user (15) and thereby recording information (5) on a state (6) of the battery (3) and on the operation of the motor vehicle (1); c) evaluating the detected information (5) at least by an at least partial vehicle battery management system (7) and by a vehicle external diagnostic system (8); d) comparison of the evaluations by the battery management system (7) and by the diagnostic system (8) and deriving information (9) for the user (15), the instructions (9) at least instructions (9) for battery-compatible operation of the motor vehicle (1), instructions (9) for battery-compatible charging of the battery (3) and instructions (9) for a Include fulfillment of warranty conditions for the battery (3).

Description

The invention relates to a method for battery-compatible operation of a motor vehicle. The motor vehicle has at least one traction drive and a battery for supplying energy to the traction drive. The motor vehicle is in particular a BEV (battery electric vehicle) or a PHEV (plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle). A PHEV in particular comprises a hybrid of a traction drive and a further drive, e.g. B. from an internal combustion engine and a traction drive or from a fuel cell and a traction drive.

Such motor vehicles are often operated by a user of the motor vehicle that is not suitable for batteries, i. E. H. the battery is often operated at non-optimal operating points or under non-optimal operating conditions. This can significantly reduce the service life of a battery. In addition to the influence on customer satisfaction, it should also be noted that high warranty costs can be incurred for the batteries of such vehicles.

From the DE 10 2015 211 268 A1 a vehicle with an electrified drive train and a high-voltage battery is known, the high-voltage battery being chargeable by a charging process at a power source external to the vehicle. A control device is described which has a power management system for controlling, regulating and monitoring the charging process. Recommendations for action for the customer regarding the charging process can be generated via the control unit.

From the DE 10 2009 025 132 A1 an energy storage charging system for a vehicle is known, the charging system being set up to extend the service life of a battery. The charging system generates information for a user on battery-appropriate charging behavior.

From the DE 10 2017 206 481 A1 a method for documenting vehicle-specific data of a vehicle is known. This should make it easier to determine the value of a used car.

From the US 2015/0239365 A1 a method for predictive battery management is known. A battery of a motor vehicle or the motor vehicle is intended to be operated in a battery-compatible manner.

It is the object of the present invention to at least partially solve the problems cited with reference to the prior art. In particular, battery-friendly operation of the motor vehicle should be made possible, with the user being informed about the state of the battery and the consequences of using the motor vehicle, possibly in non-optimal operating points or under non-optimal operating conditions.

A method with the features according to patent claim 1 contributes to the solution of these objects. Advantageous further developments are the subject of the dependent claims. The features listed individually in the patent claims can be combined with one another in a technologically sensible manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description and / or details from the figures, with further design variants of the invention being shown.

1. a) Bereitstellen einer Sollvorgabe für den Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges, zumindest umfassend eine Information für einen Nutzers des Kraftfahrzeuges über das batteriegerechte Betreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges,
2. b) Betreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges durch den Nutzer und dabei Erfassen von Informationen zu einem Zustand der Batterie und zum Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges;
3. c) Bewerten der erfassten Informationen zumindest durch ein zumindest teilweises kraftfahrzeugeigenes Batteriemanagementsystem (zum Betreiben der Batterie) und durch ein kraftfahrzeugexternes Diagnosesystem;
4. d) Abgleich der Bewertungen durch das Batteriemanagementsystem und durch das Diagnosesystem und Ableiten von Hinweisen für den Nutzer, wobei die Hinweise zumindest Hinweise für den batteriegerechten Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges, Hinweise für ein batteriegerechtes Laden der Batterie und Hinweise für eine Erfüllung von Garantiebedingungen der Batterie umfassen.

A method for battery-compatible operation of a motor vehicle is proposed. The motor vehicle has at least one traction drive and a battery for supplying energy to the traction drive. The motor vehicle is in particular a BEV (battery electric vehicle) or a PHEV (plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle). The method comprises at least the following steps:

1. a) Providing a target specification for the operation of the motor vehicle, at least including information for a user of the motor vehicle about the battery-compatible operation of the motor vehicle,
2. b) Operation of the motor vehicle by the user and, in doing so, acquisition of information on a state of the battery and on the operation of the motor vehicle;
3. c) evaluating the recorded information at least by an at least partial vehicle-internal battery management system (for operating the battery) and by a vehicle-external diagnostic system;
4. d) Comparison of the evaluations by the battery management system and the diagnostic system and deriving instructions for the user, the instructions at least including instructions for battery-compatible operation of the motor vehicle, instructions for battery-compatible charging of the battery and instructions for fulfilling the warranty conditions of the battery.

The above (non-exhaustive) division of the process steps into a) to d) is primarily intended to serve only to differentiate and not to enforce a sequence and / or dependency. The frequency of the process steps can also vary. It is also possible that process steps overlap one another at least partially in time. Process steps b) to d) take place very particularly preferably after step a). In particular, step b) carried out continuously during the operation of the motor vehicle. In particular, steps a) to d) are carried out in the order listed.

The method includes, in particular, a control loop. This control loop consists of step a), namely the provision of initial information for a user of the motor vehicle, step b), namely operating the motor vehicle, step c), namely evaluating the information, and step d), namely the Comparison of the ratings and the derivation of tips for the user.

The procedure is particularly applicable to first-time and subsequent users of a BEV or PHEV vehicle; regardless of whether a first or a second or replacement battery is installed in the vehicle.

In particular, the method is intended to ensure battery-compatible operation of motor vehicles with at least one traction drive. For this purpose, the user of the motor vehicle is to be actively supplied with information and advice on battery-compatible operation and thus to be enlightened.

The method can preferably reduce warranty and development costs at the manufacturer of the motor vehicle by taking preventive measures in the vicinity of the motor vehicle.

The active education of the user includes, in particular, a sensitization of the user for the motor vehicle he is using when acquiring the rights of use for the motor vehicle. This is achieved in particular by providing a wide range of information for the user.

The preventive measures in the vicinity of the motor vehicle represent in particular a supplement to the active education of the user while he is operating the motor vehicle.

The underlying method of the method is in particular the principle of a control loop with a setpoint, a control device, a controlled system and an actual value acquisition.

The target specification for battery-compatible operation of the motor vehicle is made in particular through targeted initial information in the form of purchase advice discussions, instructions for action, defining warranty conditions and recommendations for the user.

The control device is in particular the user himself, who readjusts his operation of the motor vehicle on the basis of processed information and instructions from the manufacturer of the motor vehicle and thus adjusts his usage and charging behavior to the battery-specific operating specifications.

The controlled system in the control loop is in particular the motor vehicle including the battery or high-voltage battery and its state-of-health behavior (SOH) due to use by the user.

The actual value acquisition includes, in particular, the calculated or measured determination of a state of the battery as well as various display devices in the vicinity of the motor vehicle, e.g. B. Human-machine interfaces such as monitors, apps, etc.

The limits within the control loop are determined in particular by warranty conditions, e.g. B. the manufacturer of the motor vehicle or the battery set.

The user of the motor vehicle is in particular a person who acquires the motor vehicle or the rights to use the motor vehicle or who mainly operates the motor vehicle.

• • Information zum Kraftfahrzeug bei Kauf des Kraftfahrzeuges;
• • Information zur Konfiguration des Kraftfahrzeuges, abgeleitet aus einer Abfrage zu einem geplanten Nutzungsverhalten des Kraftfahrzeuges durch den Nutzer;
• • Information zur Batterie und zum Lade- sowie Entladeverhalten der Batterie,
• • Information zu einem Service für das Kraftfahrzeug und die Batterie;
• • Information zur Batteriegarantie;
• • Information zum Betreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges.

In particular, step a) comprises information for a user of the motor vehicle about the battery-compatible operation of the motor vehicle. In particular, step a) comprises one of the following information:

• • Information about the vehicle when purchasing the vehicle;
• • Information on the configuration of the motor vehicle, derived from a query on a planned usage behavior of the motor vehicle by the user;
• • Information on the battery and the charging and discharging behavior of the battery,
• • Information on a service for the motor vehicle and the battery;
• • Information on the battery guarantee;
• • Information on operating the vehicle.

This information can e.g. B. in the form of a motor vehicle brochure and / or a configurator, in the form of purchase advice, through a manual for the motor vehicle and / or in the form of warranty conditions for the battery.

The information provided in accordance with step a) and its transmission is referred to in particular as the target specification for the operation of the motor vehicle.

• • Bereitstellung von Basisinformationen eines Kraftfahrzeuges für den Nutzer;
• • Beratung des Nutzers hinsichtlich seiner Erwerbsentscheidung für ein BEV oder ein PHEV;
• • die Bereitstellung, Bearbeitung und Auswertung eines Fragebogens, mit dem das von dem Nutzer geplante Nutzungsverhalten des Kraftfahrzeuges ermittelt werden soll; wobei dieser Fragebogen z. B. eine Entscheidungsgrundlage für den Erwerb eines BEV oder PHEV bildet;
• • Anbieten von Ersatzmobilität bzw. einer Mobilitätsgarantie, insbesondere bei Erwerb eines BEV, und Feststellen einer Notwendigkeit zur Bereitstellung eines konventionellen Kraftfahrzeuges, z. B. nur mit Verbrennungskraftmaschine als Antrieb, oder eines Hybridfahrzeugs;
• • Angebot an den Nutzer; z. B. Verlängerung einer Garantie um einen bestimmten Zeitraum bei Zustimmung des Nutzers zu einem kontinuierlichen Datenabgleich zwischen dem Kraftfahrzeug bzw. der Batterie und dem Hersteller;
• • Bereitstellen von technischer Aufklärung im Fahrzeughandbuch; spezifisch für BEV und PHEV; z. B. hinsichtlich
  • o Informationen zum Alterungsverhalten der Batterie, z. B. hinsichtlich zyklischer und kalendarischer Alterung, Temperaturabhängigkeit, Ladezustandsabhängigkeit, etc.;
  • o spezifische Batteriehinweise; z. B.
    • • BEV; Vermeidung von:
      • • lange Verweildauer der Batterie, sogenannte Standby-Zeit, bei mehr als 80 % State of Charge (SOC);
      • • Betrieb außerhalb der Spezifikation bzw. Nutzungsanweisungen
      • • PHEV: Vermeidung von:
        • • rein elektrisches Fahren, also ausschließliche Nutzung des Traktionsantriebs ohne nennenswerten Anteil des anderen Antriebs, z. B. einer Brennstoffzelle oder einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine;
        • • lange Verweildauer der Batterie, sogenannte Standby-Zeit, bei mehr als 80 % SOC;
        • • Betrieb außerhalb der Spezifikation bzw. Nutzungsanweisungen
      • • hohe Anzahl DC-Ladevorgänge (Schnellladen);
      • ▪ permanentes AC-Laden: Stecker ständig gesteckt und im Lademodus;
      • ▪ häufiges Laden auf 100% SOC;
  • o Anweisungen zum Lade-/Entladeverhalten der Batterie, also dem Laden und der Nutzung der Batterie bzw. dem Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeuges:
    • ▪ Vermeidung einer langen Verweildauer, sogenannte Standby-Zeit, bei mehr als 80 % SOC;
    • ▪ Fallbeispiel: Vermeidung von rein elektrischem Fahren (bspw. Kurzstreckenbetrieb in der Stadt) und direkt anschließendem Wiederaufladen auf 100 % SOC und Stehenlassen über Nacht
    • ▪ Hinweis bzw. Empfehlung an den Nutzer: Reduzieren des Durchschnitts-SOC; z. B.
      • • bei Kurzstrecke bis 20 km Batterie nicht permanent auf 100 % SOC aufladen; Nachladen erst bei einem SOC von weniger als 50 %;
      • • manuelles Beenden des Ladevorgangs und/oder Einstellen einer oberen Ladegrenze für den Ladevorgang bei ca. 80 % SOC;
    • ▪ Aktivierung Timerfunktion für das Aufladen; z. B. zeitversetztes Laden in einem bestimmten Zeitintervall, z. B. von 3 Uhr bis 6 Uhr bei geplanter Abfahrt 6:30 Uhr); wobei
      • • Informationsaustausch und Programmierung via Energiemanagementsystem (zur Steuerung von Energieflüssen auch der Batterie, z. B. Ladezeiten, Ladeleistungen, Beendigung des Ladens; Verbrauchersteuerung; Fahrzeugkonditionierung, z. B. Heizung) des Kraftfahrzeugs oder über eine App, z. B. eine Smartphone-App, z. B. WeCharge, und/oder über eine intelligente externe Ladestation, z. B. eine Wallbox, erfolgt;
    • ▪ Aktivierung einer Rangetaste: Standard-Ladung auf 80 % SOC; Laden auf 100 % SOC nur auf expliziten Wunsch des Nutzers, ggf. mit Hinweis auf ein Risiko hinsichtlich des Betriebs der Batterie und/ oder mit Hinweis auf Garantiebestimmungen;
    • ▪ Energiemanagementsystem nutzen und Wunsch-SOC des Kunden automatisch einstellen bzw. vorschlagen;
  • ◯ Serviceplan und Inspektionsumfang BEV und PHEV, z. B. ■ jährliche Inspektion mit Batterietest;
  • ◯ Aufklärung des Nutzers zu Fahrzeugreaktionen bei Missachtung der Hinweise bzw. Empfehlungen über einen längeren Zeitraum; z. B. hinsichtlich
    • ▪ Aktivierung des Notlaufbetrieb: Begrenzte Leistungsentfaltung mit entsprechenden Hinweisen an Kunden, z. B. über App, ggf. Smartphone-App, Lampe/Bordbuch, Garantieeinschränkungen, Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle)
    • ▪ aktives Aktivieren des jeweils anderen Antriebs bei PHEV, z. B. der Verbrennungskraftmaschine oder der Brennstoffzelle, mit entsprechenden Hinweisen an Nutzer (Smartphone, Lampe/Bordbuch, Garantieeinschränkungen, Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle);
    • ▪ aktives Abschalten des Kraftfahrzeuges bei wiederholter Zuwiderhandlung des Nutzers gegen die Hinweise bzw. Empfehlungen;
  • ◯ Verweis auf Garantiebedingungen;
• • Aufzeigen der Garantiebedingungen für Erst- und Zweitbatterie, z. B.
  • ◯ Garantiebestimmungen, -umfang und Gewährleistungen:
    • ▪ für Erst- bzw. Zweitbatterie;
    • ▪ im Beanstandungs- und Reparaturfall;
    • ▪ in Verkaufssituation;
  • ◯ hinsichtlich Laufzeit, Laufleistung und SOH-Wert bei Garantieende;
  • ◯ Ausschlüsse und Beschränkungen;
  • ◯ Sensibilisierung des Nutzers bei Nichtbeachtung der Nutzungshinweise;
  • ◯ Bereitstellung einer adäquaten Zweit- bzw. Austauschbatterie im Garantiefall;
• • auf Basis der Erstinformationen und der Garantiebedingungen ist der Nutzer beim Erwerb mit folgenden Vorgehen gemäß dem Regelkreis einverstanden:
  • ◯ Nutzen des Energiemanagementsystems und der Umsetzung der angezeigten Hinweise;
  • ◯ Regelmäßige Inspektion in einer vereinbarten Werkstatt, ggf. Werkstatt des Herstellers, insbesondere gemäß Serviceplan; z. B. umfassend
    • ▪ Auslesen Datenspeicher der Batterie bzw. des Batteriemanagementsystems;
    • ▪ SOH-Wertbestimmung;
    • ▪ Bewertung Zustand der Batterie entsprechend Kriterien des Herstellers, insbesondere für alle Werkstätten gleich und verbindlich;
    • ▪ Messprotokoll der Messung der Batterie für Nutzer, insbesondere zur Übergabe an den Nutzer;
    • ▪ gemeinsame Auswertung des Messprotokolls, also durch Werkstatt und Nutzer; ggf. Erteilung von Hinweisen der Werkstatt bzgl. Fahr- und Ladeverhalten und Hinweis auf etwaiges Erlöschen der BatterieGarantie;
    • ▪ Anpassen der Einstellungen, z. B. zu Ladevorgängen, etc.;
  • ◯ ggf. Zustimmung des Nutzers zu einem kontinuierlichen Datenabgleich zwischen dem Kraftfahrzeug bzw. der Batterie und dem Hersteller; ggf. umfassend
    • ▪ Hinweise bzw. Handlungsempfehlungen auf Smartphone und/oder Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle und Hinweise bzgl. Garantiebestimmungen;
    • ▪ ein Angebot zur Verlängerung der Garantie der Batterie, z. B. um 2 Jahre

In particular, the target specification includes at least one of the following measures:

• • Provision of basic information about a motor vehicle for the user;
• • Advice to the user regarding his decision to purchase a BEV or a PHEV;
• • the provision, processing and evaluation of a questionnaire with which the usage behavior of the motor vehicle planned by the user is to be determined; where this questionnaire z. B. forms a basis for decision-making for the acquisition of a BEV or PHEV;
• • Offering replacement mobility or a mobility guarantee, especially when purchasing a BEV, and determining the need to provide a conventional motor vehicle, e.g. B. only with an internal combustion engine as a drive, or a hybrid vehicle;
• • Offer to the user; z. B. Extension of a guarantee by a certain period of time if the user agrees to a continuous data comparison between the motor vehicle or the battery and the manufacturer;
• • Provision of technical information in the vehicle manual; specific for BEV and PHEV; z. B. regarding
  • o Information on the aging behavior of the battery, e.g. B. with regard to cyclical and calendar aging, temperature dependency, state of charge dependency, etc .;
  • o specific battery information; z. B.
    • • BEV; Avoidance of:
      • • Long dwell time of the battery, so-called standby time, with more than 80% State of Charge (SOC);
      • • Operation outside the specification or instructions for use
      • • PHEV: Avoidance of:
        • • Purely electric driving, ie exclusive use of the traction drive without any significant part of the other drive, e.g. B. a fuel cell or an internal combustion engine;
        • • Long dwell time of the battery, so-called standby time, with more than 80% SOC;
        • • Operation outside the specification or instructions for use
      • • high number of DC charging processes (fast charging);
      • ▪ permanent AC charging: plug is always plugged in and in charging mode;
      • ▪ frequent charging to 100% SOC;
  • o Instructions on the charging / discharging behavior of the battery, i.e. charging and using the battery or operating the vehicle:
    • ▪ Avoidance of a long dwell time, so-called standby time, with more than 80% SOC;
    • ▪ Case study: Avoidance of purely electric driving (e.g. short-distance operation in the city) and immediately afterwards recharging to 100% SOC and leaving it standing overnight
    • ▪ Advice or recommendation to the user: reduce the average SOC; z. B.
      • • Do not charge the battery permanently to 100% SOC for short distances of up to 20 km; Reload only when the SOC is less than 50%;
      • • manual termination of the charging process and / or setting an upper charge limit for the charging process at approx. 80% SOC;
    • ▪ Activation of the timer function for charging; z. B. delayed loading in a certain time interval, z. E.g. from 3 a.m. to 6 a.m. with scheduled departure at 6:30 a.m.); in which
      • • Information exchange and programming via the energy management system (to control energy flows, including the battery, e.g. charging times, charging power, completion of charging; consumer control; vehicle conditioning, e.g. heating) of the motor vehicle or via an app, e.g. B. a smartphone app, e.g. B. WeCharge, and / or via an intelligent external charging station, e.g. B. a wallbox, takes place;
    • ▪ Activation of a range button: standard charge to 80% SOC; Charging to 100% SOC only at the explicit request of the user, possibly with reference to a risk with regard to the operation of the battery and / or with reference to warranty provisions;
    • ▪ Use the energy management system and automatically set or suggest the customer's desired SOC;
  • ◯ Service plan and scope of inspection BEV and PHEV, e.g. B. ■ annual inspection with battery test;
  • ◯ Informing the user about vehicle reactions if the instructions or recommendations are disregarded over a longer period of time; z. B. regarding
    • ▪ Activation of the emergency operation: Limited performance with corresponding information to customers, e. E.g. via app, possibly smartphone app, lamp / logbook, warranty restrictions, human-machine interface)
    • ▪ active activation of the respective other drive with PHEV, e.g. B. the internal combustion engine or the fuel cell, with appropriate information to the user (smartphone, lamp / logbook, warranty restrictions, human-machine interface);
    • ▪ Active shutdown of the motor vehicle if the user repeatedly violates the instructions or recommendations;
  • ◯ reference to warranty conditions;
• • Indication of the warranty conditions for the first and second battery, e. B.
  • ◯ Guarantee terms, scope and warranties:
    • ▪ for first or second battery;
    • ▪ in the event of a complaint or repair;
    • ▪ in a sales situation;
  • ◯ with regard to duration, mileage and SOH value at the end of the guarantee;
  • ◯ exclusions and limitations;
  • ◯ Sensitization of the user in case of non-observance of the usage instructions;
  • ◯ Provision of an adequate second or replacement battery in the event of a guarantee;
• • On the basis of the initial information and the warranty conditions, the user agrees to the following procedure according to the control circuit when purchasing:
  • ◯ Use of the energy management system and the implementation of the information displayed;
  • ◯ Regular inspection in an agreed workshop, if necessary the manufacturer's workshop, in particular in accordance with the service plan; z. B. comprehensive
    • ▪ Reading out the data memory of the battery or the battery management system;
    • ▪ SOH value determination;
    • ▪ Assessment of the condition of the battery in accordance with the manufacturer's criteria, in particular the same and binding for all workshops;
    • ▪ Measurement protocol of the measurement of the battery for users, in particular for handover to the user;
    • ▪ Joint evaluation of the measurement protocol, ie by workshop and user; if necessary, issuing of instructions from the workshop regarding driving and charging behavior and notification of any expiry of the battery guarantee;
    • ▪ Adjusting the settings, e.g. B. on charging processes, etc .;
  • ◯ if necessary, the user's consent to a continuous data comparison between the motor vehicle or the battery and the manufacturer; possibly comprehensive
    • ▪ Notes or recommendations for action on smartphones and / or human-machine interfaces and notes on warranty provisions;
    • ▪ an offer to extend the warranty of the battery, e. B. by 2 years

The energy management system is, in particular, a device of the motor vehicle that can be operated in particular via a man-machine interface or communicates with the user via it. In particular, functions of at least the battery can be controlled via the energy management system and information about the battery and its use can be queried.

The target specification is made available to the user in particular. The user takes in the information about the battery when purchasing the vehicle and the information on usage and charging behavior and the maintenance of the guarantee of the battery while the vehicle is in operation and processes this in his actions with regard to his usage and charging behavior. In particular, the user is the first, second or subsequent user of the motor vehicle, possibly including the battery.

In particular, when the information is provided, in particular the information provided within the framework of the target specification, it is taken into account whether the battery is an initial or a replacement battery or whether the user is a subsequent user. In particular, a motor vehicle is equipped with an initial battery during manufacture. If the first battery fails or is damaged, the battery can be replaced. This battery used is then referred to as a replacement or second battery. The purchaser of a new vehicle is referred to as the first-time user or user. If the motor vehicle changes hands or if the usage rights are transferred to another user, this user is referred to as the subsequent user.

In particular, the battery management system calculates at least one continuously determined state-of-health value for the battery from the recorded information.

In particular, the vehicle's own battery management system is at least partially arranged in the motor vehicle. In particular, computing capacities external to the vehicle or additional information external to the vehicle can also be recorded for the calculation of the SOH value. These data can e.g. B. be exchanged online with the motor vehicle.

The state-of-health value of the battery describes its condition, e.g. B. in relation to a new battery. In particular, a residual monetary value of the battery can be derived from the state. The state of health value is influenced by the use and charging of the battery. Further influencing factors for this value are e.g. B. Ambient conditions such as temperatures and humidity or the age of the battery.

The battery management system (BMS) is part of the actual value acquisition in the control loop. The battery management system determines and records, in particular continuously, the state of the battery and supplies a calculated SOH value and other data based on the observed history of the battery or battery usage for subsequent blocks of the control loop.

In particular, the information and calculated values recorded by the battery management system and derived information are made available to the user via a man-machine interface.

In particular, the evaluation of the recorded information is carried out by the diagnostic system external to the vehicle independently of the evaluation by the battery management system. In particular, test results that are currently determined on the motor vehicle by the diagnostic system at an evaluation point in time are also taken into account for the evaluation by the diagnostic system.

The diagnostic system can detect and evaluate or evaluate the relevant information, in particular when the motor vehicle or the battery is connected to the diagnostic system. In particular, it is at least initially not taken into account how the vehicle's own battery management system has processed or evaluated this information. In particular, certain tests are carried out via the diagnostic system, it being possible to determine further findings on the basis of the reaction of the motor vehicle or the battery to these tests, that is to say on the basis of the test results. In particular, these tests are only carried out at certain times, e.g. B. when the diagnostic system is connected to the motor vehicle, e.g. B. at a service appointment in a workshop or when connected to an external charging station. These points in time are referred to in particular as evaluation points in time, that is to say as points in time at which an evaluation is carried out by the diagnostic system.

The diagnostic system includes e.g. B. a battery tester. The diagnostic system is, in particular, part of the actual value acquisition in the control loop. In particular, it uses a defined test procedure to determine the current SOH status of the battery and provides a real SOH value and other data for subsequent blocks in the control loop. In particular, the test procedure is officially approved and, if necessary, legally loadable. In particular, it is standardized so that the test results for motor vehicles and / or batteries from different manufacturers can be compared.

On the basis of the real SOH data and on the basis of the criteria specified by the manufacturer, a battery is exchanged for an adequate replacement battery with the corresponding SOH value in accordance with the warranty conditions.

In particular, the information for the user is made available to the user via a man-machine interface at the charging station, at least in part during a charging process at an external charging station.

In particular, the information is at least partially transmitted to a cloud service, in particular as part of a continuous data comparison between the motor vehicle or the battery and the manufacturer.

In particular, a standardized certificate for the condition of the battery is created from the comparison of the evaluations by the battery management system and the diagnostic system. In particular, the certificate can be used as an essential information basis for the user in the event that the motor vehicle and / or the battery are sold to a subsequent user. The certificate can in particular be created in a manufacturer-independent test center if the test corresponds to the specified test procedure. The certificate issued can in particular have a legally effective character.

It is also proposed a control unit that for Implementation of the vehicle-side steps of the method described is equipped, configured or programmed. The control device can in particular include the function of the battery management system and / or the energy management system.

A motor vehicle is also proposed, at least comprising a traction drive and a battery for supplying energy to the traction drive, as well as the described control device for carrying out the steps of the described method on the motor vehicle side.

The statements relating to the method can in particular be transferred to the motor vehicle and / or the control unit, and vice versa.

The use of indefinite articles (“a”, “an”, “an” and “an”), especially in the patent claims and the description reproducing them, is to be understood as such and not as a numerical word. The terms or components introduced in this way are therefore to be understood in such a way that they are present at least once and, in particular, can also be present several times.

As a precaution, it should be noted that the numerals used here (“first”, “second”, ...) primarily (only) serve to differentiate between several similar objects, sizes or processes, so in particular no dependency and / or sequence of these objects, sizes or prescribe processes to each other. Should a dependency and / or sequence be required, this is explicitly stated here or it is obvious to the person skilled in the art when studying the specifically described embodiment. If a component can occur several times (“at least one”), the description of one of these components can apply equally to all or part of the majority of these components, but this is not mandatory.

The invention and the technical environment are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figure. It should be pointed out that the invention is not intended to be restricted by the exemplary embodiment cited. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it is also possible to extract partial aspects of the facts explained in the figure and to combine them with other components and findings from the present description. In particular, it should be pointed out that the figure and in particular the size relationships shown are only schematic. 1 shows a control loop 29 .

The control loop 29 consists of step a), namely the provision of initial information 5 for one user 15th of the motor vehicle 1 within the framework of a target 4th , e.g. B. when purchasing the motor vehicle 1 . This target 4th includes the blocks 16 , 17th , 18th , 19th . The first block 16 includes the information 5 Vehicle brochure, configurator, query regarding planned usage behavior by the user 15th . The second block 17th includes the information 5 Purchase advice including evaluation of the planned usage behavior, recommendation to purchase a BEV or PHEV. The third block 18th includes the information 5 Motor vehicle manual, notes 9 to the battery 3 , Charging and discharging behavior, terms of service and information 9 to guarantee. The fourth block 19th includes the information 5 Guarantee conditions for first and second battery 3 .

This target 4th becomes the user 15th provided. Settings or the motor vehicle are made for or by this user 1 served.

The control loop 29 comprises step b), namely operating the motor vehicle 1 that has a traction drive 2 and a battery 3 includes. Step b) comprises the fifth block 20th , the operation of the motor vehicle 1 and the battery 3 includes. Use of the motor vehicle 1 as well as the charging behavior leads to the sixth block 21 that is the aging of the battery 3 and thus condition 6th of the battery, i.e. the state of health.

The control loop also includes 29 the actual value acquisition, here by the battery management system 7th and the diagnostic system 8th shown. The actual value acquisition includes, in particular, the calculated or measured determination of a state 6th the battery 3 as well as the presentation of this information 5 via various display devices in the vicinity of the motor vehicle 3 , e.g. B. Human-machine interfaces 11 like monitors, apps, etc.

The battery management system 7th determines and records, in particular continuously, the state 6th the battery 3 and returns for subsequent blocks 22nd , 23 , 24 of the control loop 29 a calculated SOH value 10 and other data, i.e. information 5 and notices 9 , based on the observed history of the battery 3 or battery usage.

The control loop 29 comprises step c), namely evaluating the information 5 .

In which on the battery management system 7th subsequent seventh block 22nd takes place z. B. a vehicle-internal evaluation of the data by the energy management system in the vehicle 1 .

In the eighth block 23 an online evaluation is carried out by a cloud service to which the data is sent, in particular as part of a continuous data comparison between the motor vehicle 1 or the battery 3 and sent to the manufacturer.

In the ninth block 24 an evaluation of the data outside the vehicle takes place during a workshop visit. This also includes information 5 and notices 9 as well as test results 12th a diagnostic system 8th rated.

The ninth block 24 processes the data made available from the Battery management system 7th and the diagnostic system 8th . The evaluation takes place within the framework of the regular inspection in accordance with the BEV or PHEV-specific service plan in the workshop. Based on the real SOH values 10 and the criteria specified by the manufacturer, the battery may be replaced if necessary 3 against an adequate battery 3 with the corresponding SOH value 10 according to the guarantee conditions.

The control loop 29 comprises step d), namely the comparison of the evaluations and the deriving of indications 9 for the user 15th .

The tenth block 25th includes the representation of the generated ratings, i.e. the information 5 and the hints 9 via human-machine interfaces 11 , e.g. B. via a vehicle display, a smartphone app or the like.

The eleventh block 26th includes a wallbox, i.e. one only for the user if necessary 15th reserved external charging station 13th . The eleventh block 26th The customer wallbox forms a human-machine interface 11 with clues 9 and information 5 to the user 15th and processes the data provided.

The twelfth block 27 includes a workshop printout, which is an essential information base for the user 15th represents. In the twelfth block 27 or in the printout, the data made available are processed and visualized. The workshop printout is shared with the user by the workshop 15th talked through. There will be clues 9 and information 5 to the user 15th passed on.

The thirteenth block 28 includes the creation of a SOH certificate. The certificate can be an essential source of information for the user 15th if the motor vehicle is sold 1 and / or the battery 3 to a second user. The data provided are processed in the certificate. The SOH certificate can also be issued in a manufacturer-independent test center if the test corresponds to the specified test procedure. The battery SOH certificate issued is legally effective.

The ones in the blocks 25th , 26th , 27 , 28 generated information 5 and notices 9 are sent to the user 15th forwarded or made available to this. This can change the usage and loading behavior of the user 15th influenced and z. B. a guarantee for the battery 3 be ensured.

The arrows between the blocks or rectangles show the flow of information 5 , Hints 9 and other data.

With the method described, a universal and holistic approach to battery-friendly operation of BEV and PHEV by a user can be achieved for the first time 15th to be provided.

List of reference symbols

1

Motor vehicle

2

Traction drive

3

battery

4th

Target

5

information

6th

State

7th

Battery management system

8th

Diagnostic system

9

a notice

10

State of health value

11

Man-machine interface

12th

Test result

13th

Charging station

14th

Cloud service

15th

Users

16

first block

17th

second block

18th

third block

19th

fourth block

20th

fifth block

21

sixth block

22nd

seventh block

23

eighth block

24

ninth block

25th

tenth block

26th

eleventh block

27

twelfth block

28

thirteenth block

29

Control loop

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102015211268 A1 [0003]
• DE 102009025132 A1 [0004]
• DE 102017206481 A1 [0005]
• US 2015/0239365 A1 [0006]

Claims (9)

A method for battery-friendly operation of a motor vehicle (1), the motor vehicle (1) having at least one traction drive (2) and a battery (3) for supplying energy to the traction drive (2); wherein the method comprises at least the following steps: a) Providing a setpoint (4) for the operation of the motor vehicle (1), at least comprising information (5) for a user (15) of the motor vehicle (1) about the battery-compatible operation of the motor vehicle (1), b) operation of the motor vehicle (1) by the user (15) and thereby recording information (5) on a state (6) of the battery (3) and on the operation of the motor vehicle (1); c) evaluating the recorded information (5) at least by an at least partially vehicle-internal battery management system (7) and by a vehicle-external diagnostic system (8); d) Comparison of the evaluations by the battery management system (7) and by the diagnostic system (8) and deriving information (9) for the user (15), the information (9) at least information (9) for the battery-friendly operation of the motor vehicle ( 1), instructions (9) for battery-appropriate charging of the battery (3) and instructions (9) for compliance with the guarantee conditions of the battery (3). Procedure according to Claim 1 wherein step a) comprises at least one of the following information (5): • information (5) on the motor vehicle (1) when purchasing the motor vehicle (1); • Information (5) on the configuration of the motor vehicle (1), derived from a query on a planned usage behavior of the motor vehicle (1) by the user (15); • information (5) on the battery (3) and on the charging and discharging behavior of the battery (3), • information (5) on a service for the motor vehicle (1) and the battery (3); • Information (5) on the battery guarantee; • Information (5) for operating the motor vehicle (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, when providing the information (5), it is taken into account whether the battery (3) is a primary or a replacement battery or the user (15) is a subsequent user. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the battery management system (7) calculates at least one continuously determined state-of-health value (10) for the battery (3) from the recorded information (5). Method according to one of the preceding claims, the information (5) and calculated values recorded by the battery management system (7) as well as derived information (9) being made available to the user (15) via a man-machine interface (11). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation of the recorded information (5) by the vehicle-external diagnostic system (8) takes place independently of the evaluation by the battery management system (7); test results (12) which are currently determined on the motor vehicle (1) by the diagnostic system (8) at an evaluation point in time are also taken into account for the evaluation by the diagnostic system (8). The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the instructions (9) for the user (15), at least partially during a charging process at an external charging station (13), the user (15) via a man-machine interface (11) at the Charging station (13) are made available. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the information is at least partially transmitted to a cloud service (14). Method according to one of the preceding claims, a standardized certificate for the state (6) of the battery (3) being created from the comparison of the evaluations by the battery management system (7) and by the diagnostic system (8).

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