DE102020102002A1 - Monitoring of circuit breakers - Google Patents

Abstract

In particular, a method is disclosed, the method comprising: obtaining or detecting functional information indicative of one or more acoustic information associated with a circuit breaker; Querying target information indicative of one or more acoustic information items of the circuit breaker, which represent a target state of the circuit breaker; Comparing the received or recorded functional information with the requested solar information of the circuit breaker; Determination of result information at least partially based on the comparison, the result information indicative of a functional status of the circuit breaker, the result information also representing whether or not a correct function of the circuit breaker was determined in the context of the comparison; and outputting or causing the determined result information to be output. Furthermore, a device and a system comprising such a device for carrying out the method are disclosed.

Description

area

The invention relates to a method for monitoring circuit breakers.

background

Circuit-breakers and power tap-changers are present in power networks of all voltage levels, i.e. in so-called high-voltage, medium-voltage and low-voltage networks. Such circuit breakers switch at high voltages, e.g. B. between 380 kV and 0.4 kV and high currents of up to several thousand amperes high loads resulting from z. B. whole network parts and / or network sections, power plants and / or consumers can exist or can include them. The consistent, appropriate and safe functionality of these circuit breakers forms the backbone of a safe and stable energy supply.

The maintenance and repair of the circuit breakers used in the energy supply is now usually carried out at fixed intervals, either specified by the manufacturer or the operator of the system, which are carried out manually.

1. 1. Wartung;
2. 2. Inspektion;
3. 3. Instandhaltung bzw. -setzung; sowie
4. 4. Verbesserung.

The maintenance and repair of circuit breakers is carried out in Germany in accordance with the relevant DIN standard, including DIN 31051. This standard structures z. B. Maintenance and repair in four basic measures:

1. 1. maintenance;
2. 2nd inspection;
3. 3. Maintenance or repair; as
4. 4. Improvement.

The first two of the four basic measures relate exclusively to a visual inspection and, if necessary, to measurements of the basic technical parameters of the circuit breakers.

Often a so-called fingerprint is used within maintenance and repair measures, in which the technical core parameters of a circuit breaker such. B. the release time, spring tension and relaxation time, contact and disconnection time, the contact path of the individual poles as well as voltages, currents and pressures can be recorded and measured in order to check that these devices are working properly.

Maintenance and inspection measures are currently carried out by staff present on site, which usually consists of two employees from the network operator or a service provider.

Between the maintenance and servicing intervals, which can be two to four years and more, no further test measures are carried out on these devices, unless there is a malfunction or a defect that can have a sensitive impact on the operation of the power grid concerned can have.

This can lead to situations in which the network operator notices that the function (s) of the circuit breaker have failed (referred to as so-called switching failure) only when switching or when the protection is triggered.

The subsequent analysis of circuit breakers that were the cause of switching failure has shown that many defects result from malfunctions in the mechanics and drives of these circuit breakers. Accordingly, the disturbances in the power grid could have been avoided if the mechanics and drives of the circuit breakers had been checked at an early stage.

General description of some exemplary embodiments

It would be desirable to be able to offer self-monitoring functions or offline or online monitoring in order to be able to recognize early on malfunctions or defects and a switching failure. This could be done more often and more cost-effectively, especially with greater independence from staff.

Against the background of the state of the art presented, the objective task is to at least partially reduce or avoid the problems described, that is to say in particular to provide a cost-effective way of performing self-monitoring functions for circuit breakers, in particular without an on-site inspection of the circuit breaker by personnel get along to realize.

This object is objectively achieved by a method according to a first aspect with the features of claim 1.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a device is described which is set up or comprises corresponding means to carry out and / or control a method according to the first aspect. Devices of the method according to the first aspect are or comprise in particular one or more devices according to the second aspect.

According to the second aspect of the invention, an alternative device is also described, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory with computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being set up to carry out at least one method according to the first aspect with the at least one processor and / or control. A processor should be understood to mean, for example, a control unit, a microprocessor, a microcontrol unit such as a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).

For example, an exemplary device further comprises means for storing information such as a program memory and / or a main memory. For example, an exemplary device according to the invention further comprises means for receiving and / or sending information via a network such as a network interface. For example, exemplary devices according to the invention are connected to one another and / or can be connected via one or more networks.

An exemplary device according to the second aspect is or comprises, for example, a data processing system that is set up in terms of software and / or hardware in order to be able to carry out the respective steps of an exemplary method according to the second aspect. Examples of a data processing system are a computer, a desktop computer, a server, a thin client and / or a portable computer (mobile device), such as a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a wearable, a personal digital assistant or a smartphone .

Individual method steps of the method according to the first aspect (for example obtaining or determining intensity information, determining the at least one output variable) can be carried out with a sensor device which also has at least one sensor element. Likewise, individual method steps (for example obtaining or determining intensity information, determining the at least one output variable), which, for example, do not necessarily have to be carried out with the sensor device, can be carried out by a further device, which in particular via a communication system with the device, which at least having a sensor element, is in communication.

Further devices can be provided, for example a server and / or for example a part or a component of a so-called computer cloud, which dynamically provides data processing resources for different users in a communication system. A computer cloud is understood to mean, in particular, a data processing infrastructure according to the definition of the “National Institute for Standards and Technology” (NIST) for the English term “cloud computing”. An example of a computer cloud is a Microsoft Windows Azure platform.

According to the second aspect of the invention, a computer program is also described which comprises program instructions which cause a processor to execute and / or control a method according to the first aspect when the computer program is running on the processor. An exemplary program according to the invention can be stored in or on a computer-readable storage medium which contains one or more programs.

According to the second aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is also described which contains a computer program according to the second aspect. A computer-readable storage medium can be designed, for example, as a magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, optical and / or other type of storage medium. Such a computer-readable storage medium is preferably tangible (ie “touchable”), for example it is designed as a data carrier device. Such a data carrier device is, for example, portable or permanently installed in a device. Examples of such a data carrier device are volatile or non-volatile memories with random access (RAM) such as NOR flash memories or with sequential access such as NAND flash memories and / or memories with read-only access (ROM) or read / write access. Computer-readable is to be understood, for example, to mean that the storage medium can be read (from) and / or written to by a computer or a data processing system, for example by a processor.

In an exemplary embodiment, a device according to the third aspect is provided, the device comprising: means for acquiring functional information indicative of one or more audible information associated with a circuit breaker; and means for outputting the detected functional information to a device (for example a device according to the second aspect) which is set up or designed to carry out a method according to the first aspect.

In an exemplary embodiment, the device according to the third aspect further comprises means for acquiring functional information indicative of one or more acoustic information items that are associated with a circuit breaker; and means for outputting the detected functional information to a device (for example a device according to the second aspect) which is set up or designed to carry out a method according to the first aspect.

In an exemplary embodiment, the means for acquiring functional information of the device according to the third aspect are set up and / or designed to acquire a noise profile from one or more components of the circuit breaker.

In an exemplary embodiment, the device according to the third aspect is installed on or in a power switch or a power tap changer.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a system is also described comprising a plurality of devices, in particular a circuit breaker or a circuit breaker; a first device according to the third aspect, wherein the device according to the third aspect is installed on or in the power switch or in the power tap changer; and a second device according to the second aspect, which is set up or designed to carry out a method according to the first aspect, wherein the first device is set up and / or designed to output or initiate the outputting of detected functional information to the second device.

• Dem Gegenstand liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass Funktionen eines Leistungsschalters regelmäßig kontrollierbar sind, wenn der Leistungsschalter mit einem Monitoringsystem ausgestattet ist. Ein derartiges Monitoring bzw. Überwachen eines Leistungsschalters funktioniert gemäß beispielhaften Ausgestaltungen nach allen Aspekten gegenständlich wie folgt:
  • Beispielsweise kann an einer bestimmten Stelle eines Leistungsschalters eine akustische Messeinrichtung (z. B. ein Mikrofon zzgl. optionaler dazugehöriger Elektronik) vorgesehen sein. Diese Messeinrichtung kann z. B. bei Schaltvorgängen oder beim Spannen der Feder eines Leistungsschalters ein akustisches Profil repräsentiert von der Funktionsinformation erfassen (z. B. aufnehmen). Das Profil ist oder repräsentiert eine Art Fingerabdruck bzw. Fingerprint des entsprechenden Leistungsschalters. Dieser Fingerprint umfasst Informationen über die mitunter komplexe Mechanik und/oder Antriebe des Leistungsschalters. Ein derartiger Fingerprint ist beispielsweise von der Funktionsinformation repräsentiert.

In the following some exemplary embodiments are described in more detail according to all aspects:

• The subject matter is based on the knowledge that functions of a circuit breaker can be regularly checked if the circuit breaker is equipped with a monitoring system. Such a monitoring or monitoring of a circuit breaker works according to exemplary embodiments according to all aspects as follows:
  • For example, an acoustic measuring device (e.g. a microphone plus optional associated electronics) can be provided at a specific point on a circuit breaker. This measuring device can, for. B. during switching operations or when tensioning the spring of a circuit breaker an acoustic profile represented by the functional information record (z. B. record). The profile is or represents a type of fingerprint of the corresponding circuit breaker. This fingerprint contains information about the sometimes complex mechanics and / or drives of the circuit breaker. Such a fingerprint is represented by the functional information, for example.

Such functional information can be recorded, for example, at regular time intervals, e.g. B. be recorded by an acoustic measuring device. As an alternative or in addition, a device which, for example, comprises an acoustic measuring device and is installed on or in a circuit breaker, can detect (e.g. record) the functional information. This device can then be made available according to the second aspect, so that the functional information is obtained.

The functional information is also, for example, indicative of one or more acoustic information associated with a circuit breaker, for example recorded noises that the circuit breaker causes during operation. This can be, for example, noises caused by the mechanics and / or by one or more drives of the circuit breaker. The functional information is recorded in particular during switching operations or when tensioning the spring of the circuit breaker.

In order to be able to determine result information, for example by means of an artificial neural network, a request for target information is first carried out, which represents comparable information, for example a recorded sound, that is recorded (e.g. recorded with a perfectly functioning circuit breaker, preferably of the same type) ) became. In order to be able to determine whether there is a potential defect or a fault in the circuit breaker, these two pieces of information are compared

• - Anomalien in der Funktion der Mechanik und/oder des Antriebs von dem Leistungsschalter können festgestellt werden, beispielsweise umfasst die Sollinformation hierzu ferner akustische Informationen von bekannten Defekten und/oder Störungen eines vergleichbaren Leistungsschalters.
• - Diese Anomalien können präzisiert werden, indem diese beispielsweise der (z. B. bekannten) Abnutzung oder Fehlfunktionen von bestimmten Bauteilen eines vergleichbaren Leistungsschalters zugeordnet werden.
• - Technische Parameter des Leistungsschalters, wie z. B. Schaltzeit, Federspannungszeit, usw. können beispielsweise laufend und/oder nach dem Ablauf eines vordefinierten Zeitintervalls erfasst werden. Diese können alternativ oder zusätzlich mit Sollvorgaben, die beispielsweise ferner von der Sollinformation umfasst sind, verglichen werden. Auf ein derartiges Zeitintervall kann beispielsweise durch eine Analyse der erfassten akustischen Information rückgeschlossen werden, indem die Zeitdauer und/oder Frequenz eines bestimmten Geräusches analysiert und/oder bestimmt wird.

By comparing, for example, a recorded acoustic profile with a sample profile / target profile, one or more of the properties listed below can be inferred, for example:

• - Anomalies in the function of the mechanics and / or the drive of the circuit breaker can be determined, for example the target information for this purpose also includes acoustic information about known defects and / or malfunctions of a comparable circuit breaker.
• These anomalies can be specified more precisely by assigning them, for example, to the (e.g. known) wear and tear or malfunctions of certain components of a comparable circuit breaker.
• - Technical parameters of the circuit breaker, such as B. switching time, spring tension time, etc. can for example be recorded continuously and / or after a predefined time interval has elapsed. As an alternative or in addition, these can be compared with target specifications which, for example, are also included in the target information. Such a time interval can be inferred, for example, by analyzing the recorded acoustic information by analyzing and / or determining the duration and / or frequency of a specific noise.

Result information is determined at least partially on the basis of a result from the comparison. The result information is then indicative of a functional status of the circuit breaker. The result information also represents whether or not a correct function of the circuit breaker was determined in the course of the comparison.

The result information is output, or the output is initiated, for example via a communication interface, as soon as it is available for a device that carries out and / or controls the method according to the first aspect. The result information is output, for example, to a server or to a server cloud, e.g. B. from a network control center of the power network including the circuit breaker, so that then, for example, a repair, if necessary, by an employee z. B. the network control center can be initiated.

For example, such a communication interface is set up for wired or wireless communication. For example, the communication interface is a network interface. The communication interface is preferably set up to communicate with a communication system. Examples of a communication system are a local area network (LAN), a large area network (WAN), a wireless network (for example according to the IEEE 802.11 standard, the Bluetooth (LE) standard and / or the NFC standard), a wired network Network, a cellular network, a telephone network and / or the Internet. A communication system can include communication with an external computer, for example via an Internet connection.

The method according to the first aspect can be carried out one or more times, e.g. B. repeatedly executable. For example, the method according to the first aspect is repeated and / or controlled after a predefined time interval has elapsed, for example daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly or half-yearly, or annually, to name just a few non-limiting examples. Alternatively, the circuit breaker can also be continuously checked, provided that this is due to the given framework conditions, e.g. B. available transmission capacity and computing capacity is possible.

• - Speichern der Ergebnisinformation in einem Speicher, wobei das Ausgeben oder Veranlassen des Ausgebens basierend auf einem Erhalten einer Anfrage zum Ausgeben oder Veranlassen des Ausgebens der bestimmten Ergebnisinformation erfolgt.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the method further comprises:

• Storing the result information in a memory, the outputting or causing the output to take place on the basis of receiving a request for outputting or causing the determined result information to be output.

The result information can be stored in a memory, for example. For example, the memory is comprised by the device that executes and / or controls the method according to the first aspect. Alternatively or additionally, the memory is comprised by the device according to the third aspect, which z. B. is installed on or in a circuit breaker. The result information can thus be retained until the outputting or the outputting of the specific result information is initiated. If, for example, a communication connection to a server or a server cloud of a network control center is available, the result information can be transmitted to this. Alternatively or additionally, the result information can, for example, be transferred from the memory to a data carrier, e.g. B. a USB stick can be copied, for example locally connected to the device that includes the memory. The result information is then copied onto this, for example, and then read out.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the functional information is also indicative of one or more measured values associated with the circuit breaker, and the target information is also indicative of one or more measured values of the circuit breaker which represent a target state of the circuit breaker;

By measuring devices (e.g. integrated into the device according to the third aspect), such as, for example, sensory measuring devices that detect (e.g. measure) the current intensity, voltage, resistance, electric and / or magnetic fields, partial discharge, temperature, capacitance or the like ), further parameters can be recorded, for example, which allow conclusions to be drawn about a functional status of the circuit breaker and which are optionally used in the evaluation. This can, for example, be measured variables in the units Volt, Ampere, Ohm, Pascal, Newtonmeter, Celsius, pC (Coulomb), or a combination thereof, to name just a few non-limiting examples.

The functional status represents, for example, whether the circuit breaker is working properly, is working to a limited extent, a defect is likely in the near future (e.g. a predefined period of one or more days, weeks or months), or is defective, to name just a few non-limiting examples to call.

The circuit breaker is, for example, a high-voltage circuit breaker (HS-LS). Alternatively, it can be a medium-voltage (MS-LS) or low-voltage circuit breaker (NS-LS) in an analogous manner.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the functional information is acquired by one or more means for acquiring acoustic information and / or one or more means for acquiring measured values.

The means for acquiring acoustic information are designed, for example, as an acoustic measuring device (for example a microphone plus associated electronics). The means for acquiring measured values are or include, for example, voltage and / or current measuring devices, resistance measuring devices, magnetic field measuring devices, partial discharge measuring devices, temperature measuring devices, pressure measuring devices, or a combination thereof, to name just a few non-limiting examples.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the functional information and / or target information includes one or more acoustic information and / or measured values from one or more components, in particular from one or more mechanical components and / or from one or more drives of the circuit breaker.

The components are, in particular, mechanically movable components of the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is, for example, a self-contained unit. As already disclosed, a circuit breaker comprises and consists largely of mechanics or mechanical components. This includes, for example, springs, tension springs, lifting, drive and auxiliary motors, magnetic contacts, guide rails, rods, switching chambers, switching contacts, or the like. This also applies to power tap-changers as a special sub-type of circuit-breakers.

The target information represents, for example, acoustic information of this type and / or measured values of a fault-free circuit breaker. Various components of such circuit breakers can lose their original properties over time, for example springs can wear out, mechanical moving parts can become stiff and / or break off. Furthermore, switching contacts can wear out or be damaged by burning, etc. This results, for example, in a changed noise when these components are moved. This can be grasped objectively.

• - Filtern der Funktionsinformation, so dass die eine oder mehreren akustischen Informationen und/oder Messwerte auf diejenigen eines bestimmten Bauteils von dem Leistungsschalter gefiltert sind; und
• - Bestimmen, ob eine einwandfreie Funktion dieses gefilterten Bauteils vorliegt oder nicht.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the determination of result information further comprises:

• Filtering of the functional information, so that the one or more acoustic information and / or measured values are filtered to those of a specific component of the circuit breaker; and
• - Determine whether this filtered component is functioning properly or not.

The functional information is filtered, for example, by searching for corresponding information to be filtered for and which is included in the target information, for example, in the functional information, and the remaining information (if available) is then removed from the functional information so that only the filtered information is available. This filtered information can, for example, also be stored as new information so that the original functional information is not lost. For example, the setpoint information includes acoustic information indicative of the tensioning of one or more springs of the circuit breaker. From the acoustic information from the functional information, that part is then searched for which most closely matches acoustic information from the target information, this part of the target information being the tensioning of one or more springs of a fully functional circuit breaker (in particular a circuit breaker of the same model and / or type ) represents. This part corresponds with a high probability, for example, to the noise when the one or more springs are tensioned, so that the functional information is filtered based on this information.

By comparing the filtered functional information with the corresponding target information or a part of the target information representing a specific component of the circuit breaker, it is then determined whether the corresponding component of the circuit breaker is functioning properly or is impaired.

These steps can be carried out several times, e.g. B. for all or several (ie at least two) components of the circuit breaker. This enables a comprehensive or complete functional check of the circuit breaker.

• In einer beispielhaften Ausgestaltung des Gegenstandes nach allen Aspekten repräsentieren die eine oder mehreren akustischen Informationen der Funktionsinformation ein Geräuschprofil des Leistungsschalters und/oder der Sollinformation ein Soll-Geräuschprofil des Leistungsschalters.

The evaluation of the data collected by the circuit breaker in the self-monitoring process, which is comprised or represented by the functional information, for determining the result information, also takes place, for example, as follows:

• In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the one or more acoustic information items of the functional information represent a noise profile of the circuit breaker and / or the target information represents a target noise profile of the circuit breaker.

The acoustic information of the function information and / or the target information represents, for example, one of a certain component or of several components of the circuit breaker z. B. noise caused when switching, also referred to as the noise profile of the circuit breaker.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the target information includes the target noise profile of the circuit breaker as a function of a type and / or a design of the circuit breaker.

• - Ausgeben oder Veranlassen des Ausgebens eines Alarms basierend auf der gespeicherten Ergebnisinformation.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the method further comprises:

• - Issuing or causing an alarm to be issued based on the stored result information.

Optionally, an action and / or a recommended action can also be output or caused to be output based on the stored result information. This is, for example, outputting the identified damage comprised by the result information with a recommendation for action that can be carried out to remedy the identified damage.

The acquired function information is z. B. transmitted by the staff using an interface available on the circuit breaker to a mobile evaluation device or terminal and there, for example, using an artificial neural network (in the sense of the subject also referred to with the term "artificial intelligence (KI)") under the criteria disclosed above evaluated (so-called offline monitoring). The recorded functional information is output, for example, to the mobile evaluation device or its output to this mobile evaluation device is initiated. The latter is done, for example, by controlling a communication interface so that the functional information is output from this communication interface. The same applies to the result information which, after it has been determined, is sent to a specific device, e.g. B. a server or a server cloud, e.g. B. is issued to a network control center or the issuance of which is initiated.

As an alternative or in addition, the recorded functional information is transmitted from the circuit breaker and / or from the device that recorded the functional information or an included interface to an (e.g. central) evaluation system (e.g. device that executes the method according to the first aspect and / or controls) sent, which z. B. is located in the switchgear and then determines the result information, for example using an AI functionality. This system can evaluate evaluations of several or all circuit breakers that are located within the switchgear, to name just one non-limiting example. This system can operate offline or have an online connection and send a local or remote warning message / information (e.g. an alarm), for example by means of telecontrol technology or the like. The recorded functional information is output to such an evaluation system or its output is initiated, for example. The latter is done, for example, by controlling a communication interface so that the functional information is output from this communication interface. The same applies to the result information, which, after its determination, is sent to a certain Device, e.g. B. a server or a server cloud, e.g. B. is issued to a network control center or the issuance of which is initiated.

Alternatively or additionally, the recorded functional information of the circuit breaker or of several circuit breakers can be sent online via a data connection to a (e.g. central) point (e.g. device that executes and / or controls the method according to the first aspect), where they z. B. automatically evaluated by an AI or an AI system, an AI software and / or AI hardware and then processed further (information to plant areas, the network control center, automated planning of maintenance and repair, troubleshooting team can be determined to to name just a few non-limiting examples). The recorded functional information is output to this point, for example, or its output is initiated. The latter is done, for example, by controlling a communication interface so that the functional information is output from this communication interface. The same applies to the result information which, after it has been determined, is sent to a specific device, e.g. B. a server or a server cloud, e.g. B. is issued to a network control center or the issuance of which is initiated.

Alternatively or additionally, an alarm can be output or caused to be outputted based on the stored result information, for example to inform an employee of a network control center that result information for querying is stored in a memory or is held ready.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the result information is determined by means of an adaptive evaluation algorithm, in particular an AI.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, parameters of the artificial neural network are calibrated on the basis of a large number of training cases.

The evaluation algorithm can be an artificial system (for example a device according to the first aspect or a system according to the fourth aspect) that learns from training cases as examples and can generalize these after the end of the learning phase. This means that the examples are not simply learned by heart, but patterns and regularities in the learning data are recognized. Different approaches can be pursued for this purpose. For example, supervised learning, partially supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforced learning and / or active learning can be used. A monitored learning can take place, for example, by means of an artificial neural network (for example a recurrent neural network) or by means of a support vector machine. Unsupervised learning can also take place, for example, by means of an artificial neural network (for example an autoencoder). The functional information received and / or ascertained several times, for example, then serves as learning data, which for example has been analyzed manually and thus the result information is known as the output variable to be determined.

• - Bestimmen einer Prognoseinformation indikativ eine Statusprognostizierung von einem oder mehreren Bauteilen des Leistungsschalters, so dass eine zustandsorientierte Wartung des Leistungsschalters ermöglicht ist.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the method further comprises:

• - Determination of prognostic information indicative of a status prognosis of one or more components of the circuit breaker, so that a condition-oriented maintenance of the circuit breaker is made possible.

Furthermore, a condition-oriented and predictive maintenance and repair of the circuit breaker is optionally made possible based on the determined prognosis information.

Under a predictive maintenance and repair, also referred to as predictive maintenance, is understood in the sense of the present subject matter that z. B. is learned based on historical and possibly in real time available maintenance-relevant data, so that by this and optionally by the prognosis of future events, a behavior (z. B. Faults to be expected in the future) is concluded. For example, disclosed AI can be used here.

For example, by correlating the noise profiles of the functional information and the target information, and optionally in conjunction with the disclosed measured variables, electrical and mechanical anomalies, malfunctions or wear and tear are detected before malfunctions and functional failure occur, so that these are represented accordingly by the result information. In the event of anomalies, countermeasures can be initiated in good time. Furthermore, if there is no indication of anomalies, for example (for example predictive) intervals between maintenance and repair measures can be increased. This reduces the operating costs by extending the maintenance and repair intervals accordingly.

1. i) Spiralfeder;
2. ii) Spanngetriebe;
3. iii) Rollenhebel;
4. iv) Kurvenscheibe;
5. v) Meldeschalter-Gestänge;
6. vi) Motorfederantrieb;
7. vii) Schaltelement; und
8. viii) Meldeschalter und/oder Stellungsschalter.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the noise profile and / or the target noise profile comprises or represents acoustic information from one or more of the following components i) to vii) of a circuit breaker:

1. i) coil spring;
2. ii) tensioning gear;
3. iii) roller lever;
4. iv) cam;
5. v) signaling switch linkage;
6. vi) motor spring drive;
7. vii) switching element; and
8. viii) signaling switches and / or position switches.

In an exemplary embodiment of the object according to all aspects, the power switch is a power tap changer.

Such a power tap changer switches a voltage in a power supply system up or down by connecting or disconnecting the windings of a transformer. In contrast to this, a circuit breaker usually only switches "On" or "Off", so that via the circuit breaker connected power supplies or components are switched on or off.

The exemplary embodiments of the present invention described above in this description should also be understood to be disclosed in all combinations with one another. In particular, exemplary configurations should be understood in relation to the different aspects disclosed.

In particular, the previous or following description of method steps in accordance with preferred embodiments of a method should also disclose corresponding means for carrying out the method steps by preferred embodiments of a device. Likewise, the disclosure of means of a device for performing a method step is also intended to reveal the corresponding method step.

Further advantageous exemplary embodiments of the invention can be found in the following detailed description of some exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in particular in connection with the figures. However, the figures are intended only for the purpose of clarification, but not for determining the scope of protection of the invention. The figures are not true to scale and are only intended to reflect the general concept of the present invention by way of example. In particular, features contained in the figures should by no means be regarded as a necessary part of the present invention.

Figure list

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels von einem System nach dem vierten Aspekt;
• 2 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß einem Verfahren nach dem ersten Aspekt;
• 3 eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung eines Leistungsschalters, von dem beispielsweise von einem Verfahren nach dem ersten Aspekt eine Funktionsinformation erfasst wird; und
• 4 ein Blockdiagramm eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Vorrichtung nach dem zweiten und/oder dritten Aspekt.

In the drawing shows

• 1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a system according to the fourth aspect;
• 2 a flowchart of an embodiment according to a method according to the first aspect;
• 3 a schematic representation of the principle of a circuit breaker from which, for example, functional information is acquired by a method according to the first aspect; and
• 4th a block diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the second and / or third aspect.

Detailed description of some exemplary embodiments

1 Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a system 100 according to the fourth aspect.

The system includes a circuit breaker 140 , one on the circuit breaker 140 arranged device according to the third aspect 141 , a mobile device 130 , a calculator 150 with an optional database that is operatively connected to it 160 , as well as another server or a server cloud 110 that are, for example, at or in a network control center of a power grid (in 1 not shown) is arranged, the circuit breaker 140 is included in the power grid. The circuit breaker 140 is alternatively a power tap-changer.

The database is alternatively or additionally with the server or the server cloud 110 operatively connected, or encompassed by this or this, so that other devices, such as the mobile device 130 or more, in 1 entity not shown on information that is in the database 160 can be accessed. In the database 160 For example, one or more function information, target information from different circuit breakers (e.g. sorted by type and type of a respective circuit breaker), result information, forecast information, filtered function information, or a combination thereof, to name just a few non-limiting examples, are stored.

The devices 110 , or. 130 and or 150 are each set up or include corresponding means to carry out and / or control a method according to the first aspect.

The device 141 comprises, for example, means for acquiring functional information from the circuit breaker. The means are, for example, an acoustic detection device (e.g. a microphone) and / or sensory detection devices (e.g. a measuring device for detecting or measuring a voltage, current, resistance, or the like, to name but a few non-limiting ones To give examples).

When the device 141 has recorded such functional information, it is sent to the mobile device, for example 130 , the server or the server cloud 110 , and / or the calculator 150 issued or their issue is initiated. The entity that received the functional information then executes the method according to the first aspect, for example, to name only one non-limiting example.

2 shows a flow chart 200 an embodiment of a method according to the first aspect, which is carried out by a device, for example a device 4th is carried out.

In a first step 201 Function information is received or recorded from a circuit breaker (e.g. circuit breaker 140 to 1 , or circuit breaker 30th to 3 ). The function information is obtained, for example (e.g. received) after it has been received from an apparatus according to the third aspect, e.g. B. Device 141 to the device showing the flowchart 200 executes and / or controls output (e.g. sent).

In a second step 202 an interrogation of target information of the circuit breaker takes place. The target information is for example from a memory (z. B. database 160 to 1 ) queried so that this is from the device running the flowchart 200 executes and / or controls, can be further processed.

In a third step 203 the received or recorded functional information is compared with the requested solar information of the circuit breaker. Alternatively or additionally, a comparison can be made with information and / or acoustic information or profiles already recorded in the past.

In a fourth step 204 result information is determined. The steps 203 and 204 take place, for example, by means of an KI, which is provided by the device operating the flow chart 200 executes and / or controls is included.

In an optional fifth step 205 the function information is filtered. These steps 204 and 205 can be carried out several times, e.g. B. for all or several (ie at least two) components of the circuit breaker. This enables a comprehensive or complete functional check of the circuit breaker.

In an optional sixth step 206 the result information is saved. After the result information has been determined (see step 204 ), this result information can be stored in a memory before in a seventh step 207 outputting or causing the outputting of the determined result information takes place. The output or the initiation of the output of the specific result information takes place, for example, to a further entity, or to the server or the server cloud 110 , so that in particular an employee of a network control center for a power network comprising the circuit breaker receives knowledge of the result information. In this way, for example, further steps, such as an exchange of an occasionally defective component, or even if there is no indication of a defect in the circuit breaker, its associated maintenance interval can be extended.

In an optional eighth step 208 there is an output or initiation of the output of an alarm and / or another action, such as. B. an instruction to a processor. As an alternative or in addition to outputting or causing the output information to be output, an alarm can be output or its output can be initiated. Such an alarm requires less transmission bandwidth, for example. Sometimes only a data connection with a low bandwidth can be built into switchgear in which a circuit breaker is installed (e.g. a telecontrol connection), so that the output of complete functional information and / or specific result information is not possible. An alarm allows at least an information z. B. by an employee of the network control center, so that he can obtain the corresponding function information and / or result information. This can be done, for example, by copying function information and / or result information stored in a device according to the third aspect from or via a circuit breaker to a portable medium (e.g. a USB stick or the like).

In an optional ninth step 209 a determination of prognostic information takes place. The forecast information represents, for example, an expected behavior or an expected function of the circuit breaker for the future and allows, for example, in a simple manner to be able to initiate appropriate measures for servicing and / or servicing the circuit breaker.

3 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker 30th (e.g. a circuit breaker 140 to 1 ), of which, for example, functional information is recorded by a method according to the first aspect. 3 shows a high-voltage circuit breaker (HS-LS). Alternatively, it can be a medium-voltage (MS-LS) or low-voltage circuit breaker (NS-LS) in an analogous manner.

1. i) Spiralfeder;
2. ii) Spanngetriebe;
3. iii) Rollenhebel;
4. iv) Kurvenscheibe;
5. v) Meldeschalter-Gestänge;
6. vi) Motorfederantrieb;
7. vii) Schaltelement; und
8. viii) Meldeschalter und/oder Stellungsschalter.

In the present case, the circuit breaker comprises, for example, a drive 31 , a chassis 32 , a density monitor 33 , a post insulator 34 , a switching element 35 , a carriage or handle 36 , a gas pressure gauge 37 , a switch and spring position indicator 38 , and a device according to the third aspect 39 as components #. Alternatively or additionally comprises the circuit breaker 30th one or more of the following components:

1. i) coil spring;
2. ii) tensioning gear;
3. iii) roller lever;
4. iv) cam;
5. v) signaling switch linkage;
6. vi) motor spring drive;
7. vii) switching element; and
8. viii) signaling switches and / or position switches.

All of these components can during operation of the circuit breaker 30th cause a noise that, for example, is comprised or represented as acoustic information by functional information, for example by the device 39 is recorded (e.g. recorded).

4th Figure 3 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus 400 which can in particular carry out an exemplary method according to the first aspect. The device 400 is for example a device according to the second or third aspect, or a system (e.g. system 100 to 1 ) according to the third aspect. The device 400 is for example from the server or the server cloud 110 to 1 , the mobile device 130 to 1 , and / or the computer 150 to 1 .

The device 400 can be, for example, a computer, a desktop computer, a server, a thin client or a portable computer (mobile device) such as a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA) or a smartphone. The device can, for example, perform the function of a server or a client.

processor 410 the device 400 is designed in particular as a microprocessor, microcontroller, microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or field programmable gate array (FPGA).

processor 410 executes program instructions stored in program memory 412 are stored, and stores, for example, intermediate results or the like in working or main memory 411 . For example is program memory 412 a non-volatile memory such as a flash memory, a magnetic memory, an EEPROM memory (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) and / or an optical memory. Main memory 411 is, for example, a volatile or non-volatile memory, in particular a memory with random access (RAM) such as a static RAM memory (SRAM), a dynamic RAM memory (DRAM), a ferroelectric RAM memory (FeRAM) and / or a magnetic RAM memory (MRAM).

Program memory 412 is preferably a local with the device 400 permanently connected data carrier. With the device 400 Permanently connected data carriers are, for example, hard disks that are inserted into the device 400 are built in. Alternatively, the data carrier can, for example, also be connected to the device 400 Separately connectable data carriers such as a memory stick, a removable data carrier, a portable hard drive, a CD, a DVD and / or a floppy disk.

Program memory 412 contains, for example, the operating system of the device 400 that when starting the device 400 at least partially in main memory 411 loaded and from the processor 410 is performed. In particular, when starting the device 400 at least part of the core of the operating system in main memory 411 loaded and from processor 410 executed. The operating system of the device 400 is for example a Windows, UNIX, Linux, Android, Apple iOS and / or MAC operating system.

In particular, the operating system enables the device to be used 400 for data processing. For example, it manages resources such as main memory 411 and program memory 412 , Communication interface 413 , Input and output device 414 , provides other programs with basic functions through programming interfaces and controls the execution of programs.

processor 410 controls the communication interface 413 which can be, for example, a network interface and can be designed as a network card, network module and / or modem. The communication interface 413 is set up in particular to connect the device 400 with other devices (e.g. shown in 1 ), in particular via a (wireless) communication system, for example a network, and to communicate with them. The communication interface 413 can for example receive data (via the communication system) and send it to the processor 410 forward and / or data from processor 410 receive and send (via the communication system). Examples of a communication system are a local area network (LAN), a large area network (WAN), a wireless network (for example according to the IEEE 802.11 standard, the Bluetooth (LE) standard and / or the NFC standard), a wired network Network, a cellular network, a telephone network and / or the Internet.

Furthermore processor 410 at least one input / output device 414 steer. Input / output device 414 is for example a keyboard, a mouse, a display unit, a microphone, a touch-sensitive display unit, a loudspeaker, a reader, a drive and / or a camera. Input / output device 414 can, for example, receive input from a user and send it to the processor 410 forwarding and / or information for the user of processor 410 receive and spend.

The exemplary embodiments of the present invention described in this specification and the respective optional features and properties cited in this regard should also be understood to be disclosed in all combinations with one another. In particular, the description of a feature encompassed by an exemplary embodiment - unless explicitly stated to the contrary - should not be understood in the present case in such a way that the feature is essential or essential for the function of the exemplary embodiment. The sequence of the method steps described in this specification in the individual flowcharts is not mandatory; alternative sequences of the method steps are conceivable. The method steps can be implemented in various ways, so implementation in software (by means of program instructions), hardware or a combination of both is conceivable for implementing the method steps.

Terms such as “comprise”, “have”, “include”, “contain” and the like used in the patent claims do not exclude further elements or steps. The phrase “at least partially” includes both the case “partially” and the case “completely”. The phrase “and / or” should be understood to the effect that both the alternative and the combination should be disclosed, ie “A and / or B” means “(A) or (B) or (A and B)”. The use of the indefinite article does not exclude a plurality.

A single device can perform the functions of several units or devices mentioned in the patent claims. Reference symbols given in the claims are not to be regarded as restrictions on the means and steps used.

Claims (15)

A method performed by at least one device, the method comprising: - Obtaining or recording functional information indicative of one or more acoustic information associated with a circuit breaker; - Querying target information indicative of one or more acoustic information items of the circuit breaker, which represent a target state of the circuit breaker; - Comparing the received or recorded functional information with the requested solar information of the circuit breaker; - Determination of result information at least partially based on the comparison, the result information indicative of a functional status of the circuit breaker, the result information also representing whether or not a correct function of the circuit breaker was determined in the context of the comparison; and - Outputting or causing the outputting of the determined result information. Procedure according to Claim 1 , further comprising: storing the result information in a memory, wherein the outputting or causing the outputting is based on receiving a request for outputting or causing the determined result information to be output. Procedure according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the functional information is further indicative of one or more measured values associated with the circuit breaker, and wherein the target information is further indicative of one or more measured values of the circuit breaker which represent a target state of the circuit breaker; Procedure according to Claim 3 , wherein the functional information is acquired by one or more means for acquiring acoustic information and / or one or more means for acquiring measured values. Procedure according to Claim 3 or Claim 4 , wherein the functional information and / or target information comprises one or more acoustic information and / or measured values from one or more components, in particular one or more mechanical components and / or drives of the circuit breaker. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the determination of result information further comprises: Filtering of the functional information, so that the one or more acoustic information and / or measured values are filtered to those of a specific component of the circuit breaker; and - Determine whether this filtered component is functioning properly or not. Method according to one of the Claims 2 until 6th , further comprising: - Outputting or causing an alarm to be output based on the stored result information. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more acoustic information items of the functional information represent a noise profile of the circuit breaker and / or the target information represents a target noise profile of the circuit breaker. Procedure according to Claim 8 , wherein the target noise profile of the circuit breaker is included in the target information as a function of a type and / or a construction of the circuit breaker. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: - Determination of prognosis information indicative of a status prognosis of one or more components of the circuit breaker, so that a condition-oriented maintenance of the circuit breaker is made possible. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the power switch is a power tap changer. Apparatus comprising: - means for acquiring functional information indicative of one or more acoustic information associated with a circuit breaker; and means for outputting the detected functional information to a device which is set up or designed to carry out a method according to one of the Claims 1 until 11 . Device according to Claim 12 , wherein the means for acquiring functional information are set up and / or designed to acquire a noise profile from one or more components of the circuit breaker. Device according to Claim 12 or Claim 13 , wherein the device is installed on or in a circuit breaker or a power tap changer. A system comprising: a circuit breaker or a circuit breaker; - A first device according to one of the Claims 12 until 14th , wherein the device is installed on or in the circuit breaker or in the power tap changer; - A second device which is used to carry out a method according to one of the Claims 1 until 11 is set up or designed, wherein the first device is set up and / or designed for outputting or for causing the outputting of detected functional information to the second device.

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