DE102020004115B4 - Process for the recycling of climate-damaging nitrogen and carbon compounds directed by agricultural companies - Google Patents
Process for the recycling of climate-damaging nitrogen and carbon compounds directed by agricultural companies Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009620 Haber process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008953 bacterial degradation Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010003830 Automatism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001453382 Nitrosomonadales Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004176 ammonification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004172 nitrogen cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
- C05F3/06—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C3/00—Treating manure; Manuring
- A01C3/02—Storage places for manure, e.g. cisterns for liquid manure; Installations for fermenting manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Verfahren zum Recycling klimaschädlicher Stickstoff- und Kohlenstoffverbindungen zu klimaneutralem Pflanzendünger und Brennstoff, gekennzeichnet durch Verbund folgender 3 Behälter:1. Der 1. Behälter (Tank) enthält alte flüssigen Rohstoffe, also Gülle aus Tierhaltung oder auch nur Wasser, wenn dies zur Befeuchtung von trockenem Kompostmaterial im 2.Behälter gebraucht wird. Der Behälter hat seitlich am Boden ein handbedienbares Ablaufventil mit unmittelbarem Zulauf in den 2.Behälter.2. Der 2.Behälter (Komposter) ist eine Wanne, mindestens 10m lang, ca. 1,30m breit und 0,70 tief. Er ist so tief in die Erde abgesenkt, dass der obere Rand auf dem Niveau des Bodenablaufventils vom 1.Behälter liegt. Am Ende hat der 2.Behälter unmittelbar über dem Boden ein Ablaufventil, das in den 3.Behälter mündet und von außen zu öffnen ist. Es wird je nach gewünschtem Feuchtegehalt und Reifegrad des Komposts (pH-Wert) geschlossen bzw. geöffnet. Dem 2.Behälter ist über die ganze Länge am Boden eine Dränage eingelegt, über die nach Abfluss der Flüssigstoffe mittels solar beheizter Außenluft der verbliebene Kohlenstoffmulch getrocknet werden kann.3. Der 3.Behälter ist eine Flüssigstoffzisterne, die unmittelbar am Ende des 2.Behälters anliegt und die zum Stickstoffdüngemittel gereifte Flüssigkeit aus dem 2.Behälter aufnimmt. Unterhalb des Zulaufs aus dem Vorbehälter ist ein feinmaschiges Sieb eingelegt. Eine Schüttung aus körnigem Dünger-Kalk neutralisiert zulaufende huminsaure Verbindungen. Die Zisterne muss so tief in den Boden eingelassen sein, dass sie die aus dem 2.Behälter zulaufende/zusickemde Flüssigkeit in freiem Fall aufnehmen kann, da sonst ein nicht beabsichtigter Rückstau eintritt. Die Entleerung der Zisterne erfolgt mittels Saugpumpe direkt in den fahrbaren Ausbringungstank.Process for recycling climate-damaging nitrogen and carbon compounds into climate-neutral plant fertilizer and fuel, characterized by the combination of the following 3 containers:1. The 1st container (tank) contains old liquid raw materials, i.e. liquid manure from animal husbandry or just water if this is used to moisten dry compost material in the 2nd container. The container has a hand-operated drain valve on the side on the bottom with direct inflow into the 2nd container. The 2nd container (compost bin) is a tub, at least 10m long, approx. 1.30m wide and 0.70 deep. It is sunk so deep into the ground that the upper edge is at the level of the bottom drain valve from the 1st container. At the end, the 2nd container has a drain valve directly above the floor, which opens into the 3rd container and can be opened from the outside. It is closed or opened depending on the desired moisture content and degree of maturity of the compost (pH value). The 2nd container has a drainage on the bottom along its entire length, through which the remaining carbon mulch can be dried after the liquids have drained off using solar-heated outside air.3. The 3rd container is a liquid material cistern, which is located directly at the end of the 2nd container and receives the liquid from the 2nd container that has matured into nitrogen fertilizer. A fine-mesh sieve is inserted below the inlet from the pre-tank. A bed of granular fertilizer lime neutralizes incoming humic acid compounds. The cistern must be embedded so deep in the ground that it can absorb the liquid flowing/seeping from the 2nd container in free fall, otherwise an unintended backwater will occur. The cistern is emptied directly into the mobile application tank using a suction pump.
Description
Der Klimanotstand hat mit der extremen Hitze und Bodentrockenheit im Jahr 2018 einen neuen Höchststand erreicht. Nach allgemeinem Verständnis ist die Ursache eine seit rd. 100 Jahren stetige Zunahme der Treibhausgase Kohlendioxyd (aus fossilen Kohlenstoffquellen) sowie die aus landwirtschaftlicher Produktion stammende Abgasung der Stickstoffgase Ammoniak und Lachgas (Lit.1) und zusätzliche N-Produktion aus weltweit jährlich 150 Mio. t (2017) biologisch aktivem Stickstoffdünger nach dem Haber-Bosch Verfahren (Lit.2). Diese Überflutung mit klimaschädlichen Gasen zu vermeiden, soweit sie landwirtschaftlich begründet sind, ist der kritische Ansatzpunkt für die Problemlösung. Verfahren und/oder Vorrichtungen zur Bearbeitung organischer Stoffe finden sich auch in der
Dass es überhaupt einen Markt für eine jährlich zusätzliche Stickstoffproduktion nach dem Haber-Bosch Verfahren gibt, kann man sich mit folgender Überlegung verständlich machen: Weltweit machen jährlich Millionen Landwirte auf ihren Feldern mit ihrer Ernte Millionen leere Stickstoff-löcher. Aber diese Löcher müssen vor der Saat zur nächsten Ernte wieder aufgefüllt werden, wenn eine neue Ernte gelingen soll. Zwischenzeitlich verteilen sich die Stickstoffabgase aus dem Eiweißabbau von Tier und Pflanze der Vorjahres-Ernten klimaschädlich auf der ganzen Welt. (Bild 2)The fact that there is a market for additional annual nitrogen production using the Haber-Bosch process can be explained by the following consideration: Every year millions of farmers worldwide create millions of empty nitrogen holes in their fields with their harvest. But these holes must be filled in before sowing for the next harvest if a new harvest is to succeed. In the meantime, the nitrogen emissions from the protein breakdown of animals and plants from the previous year's harvest are being spread all over the world in a way that is harmful to the climate. (Picture 2)
Es gibt nach gegenwärtigem Wissen kein Laborverfahren und auch keinen natürlichen Prozess, der die Modifikation des Stickstoffmoleküls nach dem H.B.-Verfahren wieder rückgängig machen könnte. So wächst der Gehalt an biologisch aktivem Stickstoff mit hoher Wärmekapazität von Jahr zu Jahr auf der ganzen Welt.According to current knowledge, there is no laboratory procedure and also no natural process that could reverse the modification of the nitrogen molecule after the H.B. procedure. Thus, the content of biologically active nitrogen with high heat capacity is growing all over the world from year to year.
Diese unhaltbare Situation ist der Ansatzpunkt für das beanspruchte Patent. Es soll ein Verfahren sein, das
- - alle Reststoffe aus tierischer und pflanzlicher Produktion erfasst,
- - vollständigen Abbau bzw. Umbau auf biologisch übliche Weise leistet,
- - in einem vollwertigen und zeitlich bedarfsgerechten Stickstoffdünger mündet.
- - all residues from animal and plant production are recorded,
- - performs complete degradation or conversion in a biologically normal manner,
- - culminates in a full-fledged nitrogen fertilizer that is tailored to the needs of the time.
Der mit diesem 3-Phasenmodell verbundene technische Aufwand ist im Verhältnis zum erzielbaren Klimanutzen minimal. Trotzdem ist nicht sicher, dass sich diese oder ähnliche Modelle von allein einführen. Die einzelbetriebliche Investition ist zwar mit ca.25000 € wie im vorstehenden Muster und langer Lebensdauer vergleichsweise gering, und es sind auch die Einsparungen an jährlichem Düngerzukauf dagegen zu rechnen. Aber wer knapp bei Kasse ist wie heute allgemein aufgrund der desaströsen Marktposition der Landwirte, wird sich wohl überlegen, ob er noch investieren kann, wenn nicht sichergestellt ist, dass investiertes Geld bei ihm auch wieder hereinkommt. Es ist der verhängnisvolle Irrtum der vorherrschenden neo-liberalen Marktideologie (nach F. v. Hayek), dass allein der Automatismus sich selbst organisierender Marktteilnehmer zum allseits befriedigenden Ergebnis führt. Dieser Irrtum ist um so schwerwiegender, wenn wünschbare Marktergebnisse in einer verflochtenen Wirtschaft nur über mehrere Marktstufen erreichbar sind, deren individuelle Interessen eben nicht übereinstimmen (ausführlich Lit.4 und 5); wie offenbar besonders beim Klima, das ein Weltproblem ist. Hier kann eine optimale Lösung nur über eine gemeinschaftliche Organisation, also im Regelfall über den Staat gefunden werden. Im vorliegenden Fall klimaschonender Investitionen in landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben könnte diese Aufgabe einer staatlichen Investitionsgesellschaft zufallen: Sie überstellt die von ihr finanzierten Recycling-Anlagen den einzelnen Betrieben zur kostenfreien Nutzung.The technical effort associated with this 3-phase model is minimal in relation to the achievable climate benefits. Nevertheless, it is not certain that these or similar models will introduce themselves. The individual farm investment is comparatively low at around €25,000 as in the example above and the long service life, and the savings in annual fertilizer purchases are also to be expected. But those who are short of cash, as is generally the case today due to the disastrous market position of farmers, will probably consider whether they can still invest if there is no guarantee that the money invested will come back to them. It is the fatal error of the prevailing neo-liberal market ideology (according to F. v. Hayek) that only the automatism of self-organizing market participants leads to a generally satisfactory result. This error is all the more serious if desirable market results in an interwoven economy can only be achieved via several market levels whose individual interests do not coincide (in detail Ref. 4 and 5); as evidently especially with the climate, which is a world problem. Here, an optimal solution can only be found through a joint organization, i.e. usually through the state. In the present case of climate-friendly investments in agricultural operations, this task could be assigned to a state investment company: It transfers the recycling systems it finances to the individual operations for free use.
Die Umwandlungen von Stickstoff in Eiweiß und Kohlenstoff in Kohlehydrate sind die Grundlage unserer Ernährung. Gelangen sie bei der Produktion und der Resteverwertung als Abgase in die Atmosphäre, wirken sie im Übermaß klimaschädlich. Die bisher übliche einförmige Resteverwertung über Komposthaufen oder Gülletank verhindert solche Abgasungen nur höchst unvollkommen. Das neue Verfahren basiert auf einem drei-gliedrigen geschlossenem Behälterverbundsystem. Durch die kaskadenförmig abgestufte Folge der Behälter (Bild) ist der Durchfluss des in allen Phasen fließfähigen Rottematerials selbsttätig.The conversion of nitrogen into protein and carbon into carbohydrates is the basis of our nutrition. If they get into the atmosphere as exhaust gases during production and the recycling of leftovers, they have a harmful effect on the climate in excess. The hitherto customary monotonous use of leftovers via compost heaps or liquid manure tanks only very imperfectly prevented such emissions. The new process is based on a three-part closed container system. Due to the cascaded sequence of containers (image), the flow of the rotting material, which is free-flowing in all phases, is automatic.
Der 1.Behälter ist ein 5000 Liter Kunststofftank. Er enthält Stallgülle und/oder Wasser als Vorratsbehälter für die nachfolgenden Prozessbehälter. Er hat seitlich am Boden ein mit Hand bedienbares Ventil mit Anschluss an den unmittelbar daneben beginnenden 2.Behälter.The 1st container is a 5000 liter plastic tank. It contains manure and/or water as a storage tank for the downstream process tanks. It has a hand-operated valve on the side on the floor with a connection to the second container starting immediately next to it.
Der 2.Behälter (Komposter = Konverter) ist 0,70m tief unter Erdkante, 1,30m breit und mindestens 10m lang. Hier erfolgt in Nachbildung bekannter und bodenüblicher Prozesse (Lit.3) der bakterielle Ab- und Umbau der organischen Reststoffe. Im Wesentlichen sind es 3 Schritte, die hier nacheinander ablaufen:
- 1.Phase:
Ammonifikation Freisetzung von Ammoniak (NH3) aus organischen Stickstoffverbindungen durch bakteriellen Abbau organischer Reststoffe (Gülle, frischer Pflanzenschnitt)
H2N - CO - NH2 + H2O → 2NH3 + CO2 - 2.Phase: Nitrifikation
Oxydation von Ammoniak mit molekularem Sauerstoff durch Ammoniak oxidierende Bakterien. Alle sind obligat aerob.
2NH3 + 3O2 → 2NO2+ 2H +2H2O - 3.Phase: Denitrifikation Bakterielle Reduktase des Nitrats zu gasförmigen Stickstoffverbindungen, hauptsächlich N2 O (Lachgas). Eine bei frei zugängiger Natur sonst übliche Abgasung in die freie Atmosphäre wird hier nicht nur durch die Folienabdeckung des Komposters verhindert, sondern systembedingt dadurch, dass der Prozess schon nach Abschluss der 2.Phase durch Öffnen des Ablaufventils abgebrochen wird, also noch in der ansauren Phase am Ende der Nitrifikation.
- 1st phase: Ammonification Release of ammonia (NH 3 ) from organic nitrogen compounds through bacterial degradation of organic residues (slurry, fresh plant cuttings)
H 2 N - CO - NH 2 + H 2 O → 2NH 3 + CO 2 - 2nd phase: nitrification Oxidation of ammonia with molecular oxygen by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. All are obligate aerobic.
2NH3 + 3O2 → 2NO2 + 2H + 2H2O - 3rd phase: Denitrification Bacterial reductase of nitrate to gaseous nitrogen compounds, mainly N 2 O (laughing gas). An exhaust gas into the free atmosphere, which is otherwise common in freely accessible nature, is prevented here not only by the foil cover of the composter, but also by the fact that the process is interrupted by opening the drain valve after the end of the 2nd phase, i.e. still in the acidic phase at the end of nitrification.
Der 3. Behälter (Filtratzisterne aus Edelstahl) schließt sich unmittelbar an den Komposter an und ist ab Erdkante 2,5m tief abgesenkt. Über das Zulaufventil am oberen Rand ist die Filtratzisterne mit dem Komposter verbunden. Hat der Kompost den 2.Reifungsschritt (Nitrifikation) vollzogen (siehe oben Phase 2), wird das 7ulaufventil zur Zisterne etwas geöffnet. Das verzögert zulaufende huminsaure Filtrat sickert über ein am oberen Rand der Zisterne eingelegtes Gittersieb mit aufgeschüttetem grobkörnigem Düngerkalk und neutralisiert hierbei in Richtung Calciumnitrat.The 3rd container (filtrate cistern made of stainless steel) is directly connected to the composter and is lowered 2.5 m from the ground level. The filtrate cistern is connected to the composter via the inlet valve on the upper edge. When the compost has completed the 2nd maturing step (nitrification) (see
Zitierte NichtpatentliteraturNon-patent literature cited
- 1. Umwelt-Bundesamt: Lachgas und Methan. 19.6.20191. Federal Environment Agency: nitrous oxide and methane. 19.6.2019
- 2. Wikipedia: Haber-Bosch-Verfahren2. Wikipedia: Haber-Bosch process
- 3. Wikipedia: Stickstoffkreislauf.3. Wikipedia: Nitrogen cycle.
- 4. Drews,M.: Das Chaos freier Märkte und der Ausweg aus der Armutsfalle.4. Drews, M.: The chaos of free markets and the way out of the poverty trap.
- 5. Felber,Ch.: This is not Economy. 2019.5. Felber, Ch.: This is not Economy. 2019
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3907751C1 (en) | 1989-03-10 | 1989-10-05 | Hermann 4472 Haren De Bergmann | Method and device for liquid manure composting |
DE4220947A1 (en) | 1992-06-26 | 1993-04-01 | Manfred Prof Dr Drews | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONVERTING GUELL, JUCHE AND DOMESTIC WATER IN DUENGERKOMPOST |
DE19702712A1 (en) | 1997-01-25 | 1998-07-30 | Goehner Gilbert Dipl Ing Fh | Continuous, mobile, small-scale sewage purification and composting unit |
DE10230671A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2004-01-22 | Markgraf, Hannelore | Method and device for guiding sludge from a waste water treatment plant |
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DE3907751C1 (en) | 1989-03-10 | 1989-10-05 | Hermann 4472 Haren De Bergmann | Method and device for liquid manure composting |
DE4220947A1 (en) | 1992-06-26 | 1993-04-01 | Manfred Prof Dr Drews | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONVERTING GUELL, JUCHE AND DOMESTIC WATER IN DUENGERKOMPOST |
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DE10230671A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2004-01-22 | Markgraf, Hannelore | Method and device for guiding sludge from a waste water treatment plant |
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