DE102020004034A1 - Wind energy installation and method for operating a wind energy installation - Google Patents

Abstract

According to a method according to the invention for operating a wind turbine, which has a rotor (1) with a first angularly adjustable rotor blade (2), a first adjustment drive (3) for adjusting the first rotor blade and a safety controller (10), the first adjustment drive is activated in a normal operating mode supplied from an energy source (6) and controlled by a first pitch controller (5), with the energy supply of the first adjustment drive being switched over from the energy source to an energy store (7) in the event of a malfunction and the safety controller monitoring a position and/or movement of the first rotor blade ; wherein in the emergency operating mode the first rotor blade is adjusted by the first adjustment drive in the direction of a predetermined holding position, while the safety controller releases or causes a deactivation of a first power supply shutoff device (9.1) depending on the monitored position and/or movement; and/or wherein in the incident operating mode the safety controller closes a first pitch brake (4) to hold the first rotor blade, the first pitch brake, instead of a pitch brake closing switching device (9.1), depending on the monitored position and/or movement closes and activates a first blocking mode in which the energy supply of the first adjusting drive from the energy store and/or opening of the first pitch brake is prevented.

Description

The present invention relates to a wind energy installation, a method for operating a wind energy installation and a computer program product for carrying out the method.

Wind turbines with adjustable-angle rotor blades are known from in-house practice.

By adjusting the rotor blades into a feathered position in which they, at least essentially, do not generate any power to a rotor axis or hub, the power of the wind energy installation can in particular be regulated and / or a load can be reduced when the wind is (too) strong .

In normal operation, adjustment drives for adjusting the rotor blades are supplied with (drive) energy from an energy source, for example electromotive adjustment drives from a (power) network or hydraulic adjustment drives from a hydraulic system.

From in-house practice, it is known that if this primary energy supply fails in a special operation, adjusting drives can instead be connected to an energy store, for example electromotive adjusting drives with an accumulator or hydraulic adjusting drives with a (hydraulic) pressure accumulator, so that these are unregulated but safely in the flag position be rotated.

When the flag position is reached, this energy supply from the energy store is switched off or interrupted, for example by a contactor in the case of electromotive adjustment drives or by an automatic switching valve in the case of hydraulic adjustment drives. With hydraulic adjustment cylinders as a drive, the flag position can also be limited by a mechanical end stop.

In this way, if the energy supply from the energy source fails, the rotor blades can be rotated into their flag position in a simple and therefore reliable manner, in particular this adjustment can be (reliably) terminated there.

The object of the present invention is to improve the operation of a wind energy installation.

This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1. Claims 11, 12 provide protection for a wind energy installation or a computer program product for carrying out a method described here. The subclaims relate to advantageous developments.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a wind power plant has a rotor with at least one angle-adjustable rotor blade, which in the present case is referred to as the first rotor blade without loss of generality, and an adjustment drive (correspondingly referred to as the first adjustment drive), with the aid of which, in particular through the, this rotor blade (angle) is adjustable or (angle) is adjusted or which is provided for this purpose, in particular set up or used.

In one embodiment, the rotor is mounted on a nacelle of the wind turbine so that it can rotate around a particularly horizontal rotor axis of rotation and in one embodiment it is equipped with a generator for converting rotor rotation or power into electrical energy, in particular for feeding into a (energy supply or power supply) . Electricity) grid, coupled. In one embodiment, the nacelle is arranged on a tower and, in one embodiment, can be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation of the nacelle by means of a nacelle drive.

In one embodiment, the rotor has several, in one embodiment three, angle-adjustable rotor blades which, in one embodiment, are distributed (arranged) along a circumference of the rotor.

The present invention is particularly suitable for such wind energy installations, in particular because of the loads and operating conditions that occur in the process, without being restricted thereto.

In one embodiment, one or more, in particular all, rotor blades of the rotor (each) can be adjusted by a separate adjustment drive (angle).

As a result, in one embodiment, the blade position can be individually adapted and, as a result, safety can be increased and / or the power control of the wind energy installation can be improved.

In the present case, an (angular) adjustment of a rotor blade is understood to mean, in particular, a rotation of the rotor blade about a rotor blade axis of rotation which extends in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade and / or transversely to the rotor axis of rotation. If an adjustment or a position is spoken of in the present case, this can (in each case) be a rotation or an angular position or position about the rotor blade axis of rotation.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the wind energy installation has a safety device control on. This is completely or partially redundant in one embodiment, completely or partially diverse in one embodiment, and in one embodiment it has at least one SLC. In one version, the SLC is a safety controller in accordance with IEC 61508 / IEC61511 with safety integrity level (SIL) SIL2 or SIL3, which in one version is arranged in the rotor hub of the wind turbine.

As a result, in one embodiment, despite the departure from known security concepts as explained below, their security level or level can be implemented.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, in a normal operating mode, the first adjustment drive is supplied from an energy source and controlled by a first pitch control. In an embodiment in which the rotor has at least one further angularly adjustable rotor blade and a further adjustment drive for adjusting this further rotor blade, in the normal operating mode the further adjustment drive is supplied from the energy source and controlled by the first or another pitch control.

In this way, rotor blades can advantageously be adjusted, individually in one embodiment, and the efficiency and / or safety of the wind energy installation can thereby be improved in one embodiment.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, in particular, in a fault operating mode, the energy supply of the first adjustment drive is switched from the energy source to a (first) energy store and the safety controller monitors (at least temporarily during the fault operating mode) a position and / or movement of the first rotor blade.

In one embodiment, in particular, in the accident operating mode, the energy supply of the further adjustment drive is switched from the energy source to the same or first) or a further energy storage device and the safety control monitors (at least temporarily during the accident operating mode) a position and / or movement of the further rotor blade .

In one embodiment, the fault operating mode is carried out, if a disturbance in the energy supply of the first adjusting drive and / or the further adjusting drive from the energy source occurs, in one embodiment it is activated or triggered by this.

The present invention is particularly suitable for such incidents, without being restricted thereto. In one embodiment, the malfunction operating mode can additionally or alternatively also be carried out or activated or triggered if the first adjustment drive, further adjustment drive, first pitch control or further pitch control has a fault, in particular is defective, in particular if this is detected by the safety control .

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the wind power plant has a first energy supply disconnection device, which disconnects the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the (first) energy store as a result of a position of the first rotor blade in a predetermined (first) disconnection area or which is provided, in particular, set up for this purpose or is used.

In one embodiment, the wind energy installation has a further energy supply disconnection device, which disconnects the energy supply of the further adjustment drive from the (first or further) energy store as a result of a position of the further rotor blade in a predetermined (further) disconnection area or which is provided, in particular set up for this purpose or is used.

The first and / or further energy supply cut-off device has in one embodiment (each) at least one contactor for switching off an electrical energy supply or at least one switching valve for switching off a hydraulic energy supply, which in one embodiment is actuated by the (respective) rotor blade or the respective adjusting drive will.

In this way, in one embodiment, in particular in the manner explained in the introduction, the (respective) rotor blade can be safely stopped in the (respective) shutdown area.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the fault operating mode, the first rotor blade is adjusted by the first adjustment drive in the direction of a predetermined (first) holding position; further) holding position adjusted.

In this way, in one embodiment, in particular in the manner explained in the introduction, a safe approach to a flag position of the (respective) rotor blade in which the latter generates, at least essentially, no power on a rotor axis of rotation or hub, or even a , in particular upstream, spin position, in particular to improve lubrication and / or static load, the spin position in a Execution deviates from the flag position by at least 5 ° and / or at most 15 °. Correspondingly, the (first or further) holding position in one embodiment is such a flag or spin position of the (respective) rotor blade.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, during this approach to the (first) holding position with the first rotor blade in the fault operating mode, the safety controller deactivates the first energy supply disconnection device as a function of the monitored position and / or movement of the first rotor blade (direct ) causes or, in particular actively, released in one embodiment by at least one corresponding signal.

In one embodiment, in particular, during the approach to the (further) holding position with the further rotor blade in the fault operating mode, the further energy supply disconnection device is (directly) effected by the safety controller as a function of the monitored position and / or movement of the further rotor blade , in particular active, in one embodiment by at least one corresponding signal, released, in one embodiment effected or released independently of the first energy supply disconnection device.

In one embodiment, the safety controller effects the deactivation, in one embodiment by controlling the corresponding energy supply disconnection device itself or directly. In one embodiment, the safety controller enables the deactivation, in one embodiment the deactivation by the (respective, i.e. first or possibly further) pitch control by enabling or deactivating it, in particular actively, in one embodiment by means of at least one corresponding signal . this pitch control is checked accordingly.

This represents a deliberate departure from previous safety concepts, which want to ensure that the rotor blade is stopped when the rotor blade is adjusted in the direction of the shutdown area by means of energy supply from the energy store by means of always active energy supply cut-off devices. In the present case, deactivation of an energy supply disconnection device is understood in particular to mean that the deactivated energy supply disconnection device does not switch off the energy supply of the (respective) adjustment drive from the (respective) energy storage device, although the position of the (respective) rotor blade is in the (respective) disconnection area, with activation corresponding to the fact that the active (iert) energy supply cut-off device switches off the energy supply of the (respective) adjustment drive from the (respective) energy storage device when the position of the (respective) rotor blade is in the (respective) switch-off area. This can in particular be implemented by appropriate switching of a contactor or the (un) blocking of a switching valve, in particular by the safety control or respective (i.e. first or possibly further) pitch control.

As a result of this deliberate departure from previous safety concepts, in one embodiment a holding position can advantageously be approached precisely and / or specified more flexibly, in particular also within the (respective) holding area. Correspondingly, in one embodiment, the first stop position lies within the first switch-off area and / or the further stop position lies within the further switch-off area. In one embodiment, the first switch-off area thus includes several positions in addition to the first stop position and / or the further switch-off area thus includes several positions in addition to the further stop position, in one embodiment the first and / or further switch-off area extends (each) over at least 2 °.

As a result, in one embodiment, the safety can be improved, in particular the probability of an undesired slipping away from the holding area can be reduced.

Additionally or alternatively, in this way, in particular in comparison to a fixed, in particular mechanically, predetermined holding area of an energy supply disconnection device, the holding position can be adapted to a state of the wind turbine and / or its surroundings, in particular different wind strengths. For example, with stronger winds a spin position closer to the vane position and with weaker wind a spin position further away from the vane position can be specified or approached as a holding position.

Correspondingly, in one embodiment, the (first and / or further) stop position is based on a current and / or forecast state of the wind turbine and / or its surroundings in one embodiment, in particular a current and / or forecast wind force in one embodiment. specified, changed or updated in one version.

As a result, the security can be improved in one embodiment.

In one embodiment, after reaching the (first) holding position, the safety control switches off the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the energy store before it (re) activates the first energy supply switch-off switching device causes or (again) releases. In one embodiment, the safety control switches off the energy supply of the further adjustment drive from the (first or further) energy store after reaching the further stop position before it causes or (again) activates the further energy supply disconnection device, independently in one embodiment of a (de) activation of the first energy supply disconnection device.

As a result, in one embodiment, switching off the energy supply by the (respective) energy supply disconnection device under load or a hard interruption of the energy supply by the (respective) energy supply disconnection device can be reduced and, in particular, its load and / or wear can be reduced.

In one embodiment, the safety control (again) enables activation of the first energy supply disconnection device or (re) activates the first energy supply disconnection device if it causes an error when approaching the (first) stop position with the first rotor blade, in one embodiment a Malfunction of the first pitch control, detected, in one embodiment, if a deviation of the position of the first rotor blade monitored by it from a predetermined position and / or a deviation of the movement of the first rotor blade monitored by it from a predetermined movement exceeds a predetermined tolerance range. In one embodiment, the safety controller (again) enables activation of the further energy supply disconnection device or causes (re) activation of the further energy supply disconnection device if there is an error when approaching the further stop position with the further rotor blade, in one embodiment a malfunction of the the first or further pitch control controlling the further adjustment drive, detected, in one embodiment, if a deviation of the position of the further rotor blade monitored by it from a predetermined position and / or a deviation of the movement of the further rotor blade monitored by it from a predetermined movement is a predetermined one Exceeds tolerance range.

As a result, the security can be improved in one embodiment.

In one embodiment, the first adjustment drive for or when adjusting the first rotor blade in the direction of the (first) holding position is controlled by the first pitch control. In one embodiment, the further adjustment drive for or when adjusting the further rotor blade in the direction of the further holding position is controlled by the first or further pitch control, in one embodiment by the first or further pitch control individually or independently of the first pitch control.

As a result, in one embodiment a pitch control specific to the respective adjustment drive or a pitch control responsible for several adjustment drives or, in one embodiment, individually controlling pitch control can also be used for the controlled approach to the holding position with energy supply from the energy store when the energy supply disconnection device is deactivated and thereby in an execution, the effort for the design of the safety controller and / or its tasks can be reduced.

In one embodiment, the first adjustment drive is controlled by the safety controller for or when adjusting the first rotor blade in the direction of the (first) holding position. In one embodiment, the further adjustment drive for or when adjusting the further rotor blade in the direction of the further holding position is controlled by the safety control, in one embodiment independently of the first rotor blade.

As a result, the safety can be increased in one embodiment, in particular the holding position can be approached even in the event of a malfunction of the respective pitch control.

In one embodiment, the wind energy installation has a second energy supply disconnection device, which disconnects the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the energy store as a result of an adjustment of the first rotor blade beyond the first disconnection area into a second disconnection area or which is provided, in particular set up or uses for this purpose will.

In one embodiment, the wind energy installation has another energy supply disconnection device, which disconnects the energy supply of the further adjustment drive from the (first or further) energy store as a result of an adjustment of the further rotor blade beyond the further disconnection area into another disconnection area or is provided for this purpose, in particular is set up or used.

The second and / or other energy supply cut-off device has in one embodiment (each) at least one contactor for switching off an electrical energy supply or at least one switching valve for switching off a hydraulic energy supply, which in one embodiment is actuated by the (respective) rotor blade or the respective adjustment drive will.

As a result, the security can be increased in an embodiment.

In one embodiment, during the approach of the (first) holding position with the first rotor blade in the fault operating mode (also) a deactivation of the second energy supply disconnection device by the safety control depending on the monitored position and / or movement of the first rotor blade (directly ) causes or, in particular actively, released in one embodiment by at least one corresponding signal.

In one embodiment, during the approach to the (further) holding position with the further rotor blade in the fault operating mode, the safety control (also) deactivates the other energy supply disconnection device as a function of the monitored position and / or movement of the further rotor blade (directly ) or, in particular actively, in one embodiment by at least one corresponding signal, released, in one embodiment effected or released independently of the first energy supply disconnection device.

In this way, in one embodiment, a stop position can advantageously be approached which is in the second or other switch-off area, in particular a stop position in the area of a flag position after crossing an upstream first or further spin position switch-off area.

In addition or as an alternative to the aspect of a controlled approach to a holding position with energy supply from an energy store with the energy supply disconnection device deactivated, the wind energy installation according to one embodiment of the present invention has a first pitch brake which (in the closed state) holds or holds the first rotor blade. provided for this purpose, in particular set up or used, and a (first) pitch brake closing switching device which closes the first pitch brake if a position of the first rotor blade is in a (first) pitch brake closing range, or for this purpose provided, in particular set up or used. In one embodiment, the (first) collective pitch brake closing range lies within the (first) switch-off range or is identical to it or overlaps it.

In one embodiment, the wind energy installation has a further pitch brake, which (in the closed state) holds the further rotor blade or is provided for this purpose, in particular is set up or used, in one embodiment independent of the first pitch brake, and a further pitch Brake closing switching device which closes the further pitch brake if a position of the further rotor blade lies in a further pitch brake closing range, or is provided for this purpose, is in particular set up or is used, in one embodiment independently of the first pitch Brake. In one embodiment, the further pitch brake closing range lies within the further switch-off range or is identical to it or overlaps it.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the fault operating mode, the safety control closes the first pitch brake instead of the (first) pitch brake closing switching device depending on the monitored position and / or movement of the first rotor blade and activates a first blocking mode in which the energy supply of the first adjustment drive and / or an opening of the first collective pitch brake is prevented, in one embodiment before reaching the (first) collective pitch brake closing range.

In one embodiment, in the fault operating mode, the safety control closes the further pitch brake instead of the further pitch brake closing switching device depending on the monitored position and / or movement of the further rotor blade and activates a further blocking mode in which the energy supply of the further adjustment drive and / or opening of the further pitch brake is prevented, in one embodiment independent of the first locking mode and / or before the further pitch brake closing range is reached.

This is based, in particular, on the knowledge that in previous safety concepts, the pitch brakes are open when the shutdown areas are approached and are only closed (again) when the respective pitch brake closing area has been reached, so that such (automatic) closing in the pitch brake closing area this is achieved by adjusting the respective rotor blade.

However, if a malfunction occurs, for example the corresponding adjustment drive is defective, the associated pitch brake can remain open and the associated rotor blade can be adjusted accordingly in an uncontrolled manner.

Building on this, according to the aspect of the present invention described here, it is proposed, in addition to the one or more of the pitch brake closing switching device (s), that the (respective) pitch brake also be closed by the safety controller, especially if it is monitored the position or movement of the (respective) rotor blade tes indicates that an error occurs when approaching the (respective) collective pitch brake closing range.

Correspondingly, in one embodiment, the safety control closes the first pitch brake if a deviation of the position of the first rotor blade monitored by it from a specified position and / or a deviation of the movement of the first rotor blade monitored by it from a specified movement exceeds a specified tolerance range, in particular if a distance (of the position) of the first rotor blade to the (first) pitch brake closing area does not decrease in a predetermined manner, in particular if this distance increases.

In one embodiment, the safety control closes the further pitch brake if a deviation of the position of the further rotor blade monitored by it from a predetermined position and / or a deviation of the movement of the further rotor blade monitored by it from a predetermined movement exceeds a predetermined tolerance range, in particular if a distance (of the position) of the further rotor blade to the further pitch brake closing area does not decrease in a predetermined manner, in particular if this distance increases.

In particular, in order to relieve the collective pitch brake that is closed in this way, in one embodiment the safety control additionally prevents the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the (first) energy store in the first activated locking mode, in one embodiment by switching off the energy supply of the first adjustment drive and / or through Preventing activation of the first adjustment drive for adjusting the first rotor blade. In one embodiment, in the further activated locking mode, the safety control prevents the energy supply of the further adjustment drive from the (first or further) energy storage device, in one embodiment by switching off the energy supply of the further adjustment drive and / or by preventing control of the further adjustment drive to adjust the further Rotor blades.

Additionally or alternatively, the safety controller prevents the first pitch brake (which it has closed) from opening in the first activated lock mode and / or in the further activated lock mode prevents the further pitch brake (which it has closed) from opening.

As a result, the security can be increased in an embodiment.

This aspect, too, represents a deliberate departure from known safety concepts which, in the event of a malfunction, always provide for an energy supply to the adjustment drives through the energy storage device (s) in order to move to the flag position. As explained above, it was only the present invention that recognized that if the adjustment in the pitch brake closing range is not inadvertently carried out, the pitch brake is not closed by the pitch brake closing switching device provided for this purpose. By preventing the adjustment drive from being supplied with energy from the energy store and releasing the pitch brake after the pitch brake has been closed by the safety control (instead of the pitch brake closing switching device), in one embodiment the rotor blade can be reliably operated in its current position Position to be held.

In the present case, activating a blocking mode is understood to mean, in particular, performing the blocking mode, in particular switching to the blocking mode. In one embodiment, the activation of the first blocking mode requires switching of at least two switching means, in one embodiment two relays, valves or the like, by the safety control and / or the activation of the further blocking mode requires switching of at least two switching means, in one embodiment two relays, Valves or the like by the safety controller.

As a result, the security can be increased in one embodiment.

In one embodiment, the (activated) first and / or further blocking mode can be (again) deactivated. In one embodiment, deactivation of the first locking mode requires a manual and / or (rotor blade or adjustment drive) individual (first) input for the first adjustment drive. In one embodiment, deactivation of the further blocking mode requires a manual and / or (rotor blade or adjustment drive) individual further input for the further adjustment drive.

As a result, the security can be increased in one embodiment.

As explained above, aspects of the present invention represent a deliberate, sometimes radical, departure from previous security concepts.

In particular, therefore, the safety controller monitors the position and / or movement of the first rotor blade and / or the position and / or movement of the further rotor blade in one embodiment (each) redundantly, in a further development diversely and / or with the aid of at least two redundant sensors. (First) this makes it surprisingly possible, despite the departure from hitherto to achieve a comparable level of security using security concepts.

In one embodiment, the first adjustment drive and / or the further adjustment drive (each) has at least one electric motor, in one embodiment at least one DC motor, in one embodiment the energy store for supplying energy to this adjustment drive (each) comprises an electrical energy store, in particular one or more Primary and / or one or more secondary batteries or rechargeable accumulators and / or one or more capacitors, in particular super or ultra capacitors (super or ultra caps).

In particular, since such adjusting drives are particularly affected by a power failure, the present invention is particularly advantageous for this. The present invention is particularly advantageous for direct current motors because of their electrical characteristics.

In one embodiment, the first adjustment drive and / or the further adjustment drive (each) has at least one hydraulic actuator, in particular at least one hydraulic cylinder; Pressure energy storage, in one version hydropneumatic (pressure (energy)) storage. Accordingly, (a) hydraulic pressure (supply) for (angular) adjustment of a rotor blade by its hydraulic adjustment drive is also referred to as (pressure) energy (supply) in the sense of the present invention or, under energy, in particular drive energy for the adjustment drive, in particular electrical energy for understood an electromotive adjustment drive or hydraulic pressure (energy) for a hydraulic adjustment drive. In other words, the word “energy” can be replaced by “(hydraulic) pressure” in one embodiment.

The present invention can also be used particularly advantageously in such adjusting drives, in particular because of their structure and mode of operation.

• Mittel zum Versorgen eines bzw. des ersten Verstellantriebs aus einer bzw. der Energiequelle und Steuern durch eine bzw. die erste Pitchsteuerung in einem bzw. dem Normalbetriebsmodus; und
• Mittel zum Umschalten der Energieversorgung des ersten Verstellantriebs von der Energiequelle auf einen bzw. den (ersten) Energiespeicher und Überwachen einer Stellung und/oder Bewegung des ersten Rotorblatts durch die Sicherheitssteuerung in einem bzw. dem Störfallbetriebsmodus; sowie wenigstens eines der folgenden Mittel:
  • (i) Mittel zum Verstellen des ersten Rotorblatts durch den ersten Verstellantrieb in Richtung einer bzw. der vorgegebenen (ersten) Haltestellung, während die Sicherheitssteuerung in Abhängigkeit von der überwachten Stellung und/oder Bewegung des ersten Rotorblatts eine Deaktivierung einer bzw. der ersten Energieversorgungs-Abschalteinrichtung, die dazu eingerichtet ist, die Energieversorgung des ersten Verstellantriebs infolge einer Stellung des ersten Rotorblatts in einem bzw. dem (ersten) Abschaltbereich abzuschalten, freigibt oder bewirkt, in dem Störfallbetriebsmodus; und/oder
  • (ii) Mittel zum Schließen einer bzw. der ersten Pitch-Bremse zum Halten des ersten Rotorblatts durch die Sicherheitssteuerung in Abhängigkeit von der überwachten Stellung und/oder Bewegung des ersten Rotorblatts anstelle einer bzw. der (ersten) Pitch-Bremsschließ-Schalteinrichtung, die dazu eingerichtet ist, falls eine Stellung des ersten Rotorblatts in einem bzw. dem (ersten) Pitch-Bremsschließbereich liegt, die erste Pitch-Bremse zu schließen, und zum Aktivieren eines bzw. des ersten Sperrmodus, in dem die Energieversorgung des ersten Verstellantriebs aus dem Energiespeicher und/oder ein Öffnen der ersten Pitch-Bremse unterbunden ist, in dem Störfallbetriebsmodus.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a or the wind energy installation, in particular in terms of hardware and / or software, is set up to carry out a method described here and / or has:

• Means for supplying one or the first adjustment drive from one or the energy source and controlling by one or the first pitch control in one or the normal operating mode; and
• Means for switching the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the energy source to one or the (first) energy store and monitoring a position and / or movement of the first rotor blade by the safety control in one or the fault operating mode; and at least one of the following:
  • (i) Means for adjusting the first rotor blade by the first adjusting drive in the direction of a or the predetermined (first) holding position, while the safety controller deactivates one or the first energy supply system as a function of the monitored position and / or movement of the first rotor blade Disconnection device which is set up to switch off, enable or cause the energy supply of the first adjustment drive as a result of a position of the first rotor blade in one or the (first) switch-off area, in the fault operating mode; and or
  • (ii) Means for closing one or the first pitch brake for holding the first rotor blade by the safety controller as a function of the monitored position and / or movement of the first rotor blade instead of one or the (first) pitch brake closing switching device which is set up, if a position of the first rotor blade is in one or the (first) pitch brake closing range, to close the first pitch brake, and to activate a or the first locking mode in which the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the Energy storage and / or opening of the first pitch brake is prevented in the fault operating mode.

• Mittel zum Versorgen eines bzw. des weiteren Verstellantriebs aus der Energiequelle und Steuern durch die erste Pitchsteuerung oder eine bzw. die weitere Pitchsteuerung in dem Normalbetriebsmodus;
• Mittel zum Umschalten der Energieversorgung des weiteren Verstellantriebs von der Energiequelle auf denselben bzw. ersten oder weiteren) Energiespeicher und Überwachen einer Stellung und/oder Bewegung des weiteren Rotorblatts durch die Sicherheitssteuerung in dem Störfallbetriebsmodus;
• Mittel zum Verstellen des weiteren Rotorblatts durch den weiteren Verstellantrieb in Richtung einer bzw. der vorgegebenen weiteren Haltestellung, während die Sicherheitssteuerung in Abhängigkeit von der überwachten Stellung und/oder Bewegung des weiteren Rotorblatts eine Deaktivierung einer bzw. der weiteren Energieversorgungs-Abschalteinrichtung, die dazu eingerichtet ist, die Energieversorgung des weiteren Verstellantriebs infolge einer Stellung des weiteren Rotorblatts in einem bzw. dem weiteren Abschaltbereich abzuschalten, freigibt oder bewirkt, in dem Störfallbetriebsmodus;
• Mittel zum Schließen einer bzw. der weiteren Pitch-Bremse zum Halten des weiteren Rotorblatts durch die Sicherheitssteuerung in Abhängigkeit von der überwachten Stellung und/oder Bewegung des weiteren Rotorblatts anstelle einer bzw. der weiteren Pitch-Bremsschließ-Schalteinrichtung, die dazu eingerichtet ist, falls eine Stellung des weiteren Rotorblatts in einem bzw. dem weiteren Pitch-Bremsschließbereich liegt, die weitere Pitch-Bremse zu schließen, und zum Aktivieren eines bzw. des weiteren Sperrmodus, in dem die Energieversorgung des weiteren Verstellantriebs aus dem (ersten bzw. weiteren) Energiespeicher und/oder ein Öffnen der weiteren Pitch-Bremse unterbunden ist, in dem Störfallbetriebsmodus;
• Mittel, insbesondere wenigstens zwei redundante Sensoren, zum redundanten Überwachen der Stellung und/oder Bewegung des ersten Rotorblatts durch die Sicherheitssteuerung, sowie in einer Ausführung Mittel, insbesondere wenigstens zwei redundante Sensoren, zum redundanten Überwachen der Stellung und/oder Bewegung des weiteren Rotorblatts durch die Sicherheitssteuerung; und/oder
• Mittel zum Vorgeben der (ersten und/oder weiteren) Haltestellung innerhalb des (ersten bzw. weiteren) Abschaltbereichs und/oder auf Basis eines Zustands der Windenergieanlage und/oder ihrer Umgebung.

In one embodiment, the wind energy installation or its means have:

• Means for supplying one or the further adjustment drive from the energy source and controlling by the first pitch control or one or the further pitch control in the normal operating mode;
• Means for switching the energy supply of the further adjustment drive from the energy source to the same or first or further) energy store and monitoring of a position and / or movement of the further rotor blade by the safety control in the fault operating mode;
• Means for adjusting the further rotor blade by means of the further adjustment drive in the direction of one or the predetermined further holding position, while the safety control deactivates one or the other depending on the monitored position and / or movement of the further rotor blade Energy supply cut-off device which is set up to switch off, enable or cause the energy supply of the further adjustment drive as a result of a position of the further rotor blade in one or the further cut-off area, in the fault operating mode;
• Means for closing one or the further pitch brake for holding the further rotor blade by the safety control as a function of the monitored position and / or movement of the further rotor blade instead of one or the further pitch brake closing switching device which is set up for this purpose, if so a position of the further rotor blade lies in one or the further pitch brake closing range, to close the further pitch brake, and to activate one or the further locking mode in which the energy supply of the further adjustment drive from the (first or further) energy store and / or opening of the further pitch brake is prevented in the fault operating mode;
• Means, in particular at least two redundant sensors, for redundant monitoring of the position and / or movement of the first rotor blade by the safety controller, and in one embodiment means, in particular at least two redundant sensors, for redundant monitoring of the position and / or movement of the further rotor blade by the Safety controller; and or
• Means for specifying the (first and / or further) stop position within the (first or further) switch-off area and / or on the basis of a state of the wind energy installation and / or its surroundings.

In one embodiment, the safety controller is set up to switch off the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the (first) energy store after reaching the (first) holding position before it (again) enables or causes a (re) activation of the first energy supply switch-off device, in a Implementation set up to switch off the energy supply of the further adjustment drive from the (first or further) energy store after reaching the further stop position before it (again) enables or causes a (re) activation of the further energy supply disconnection device.

In one embodiment, the safety controller is set up to (re) enable or bring about a (re) activation of the first energy supply disconnection device if it detects an error when approaching the (first) stop position with the first rotor blade, in one embodiment set up to: to (re) enable or bring about a (re) activation of the further energy supply disconnection device if it detects an error when approaching the further stop position with the further rotor blade.

In one embodiment, the first pitch control or the safety control is set up to control the first adjustment drive for adjusting the first rotor blade in the direction of the holding position, in one embodiment the first or further pitch control or the safety control is set up to control the further adjustment drive for adjusting the further rotor blade to steer towards the stop position.

A means within the meaning of the present invention can be designed in terms of hardware and / or software, in particular a data or signal-connected, in particular digital, processing, in particular microprocessor unit (CPU), graphics card (GPU), preferably with a memory and / or bus system ) or the like, and / or one or more programs or program modules. The processing unit can be designed to process commands that are implemented as a program stored in a memory system, to acquire input signals from a data bus and / or to output output signals to a data bus. A storage system can have one or more, in particular different, storage media, in particular optical, magnetic, solid-state and / or other non-volatile media. The program can be designed in such a way that it embodies or is able to execute the methods described here, so that the processing unit can execute the steps of such methods and thus in particular can operate the wind energy installation.

In one embodiment, a computer program product can have, in particular, a non-volatile storage medium for storing a program or with a program stored on it, execution of this program causing a system or a controller, in particular a computer, to create a to carry out the method described here or one or more of its steps.

In one embodiment, one or more, in particular all, steps of the method are carried out completely or partially in an automated manner, in particular by the wind energy installation, in particular its controls or its means.

In one embodiment, controlling comprises regulating. A power supply disconnection device can have, in particular be, a pitch brake closing switching device. A pitch brake closing switching device can generate energy have supply disconnection device, in particular be.

In one embodiment, a position or the flag position is at least substantially perpendicular to an orientation for maximum performance or rotated by at least 85 ° and / or at most 95 ° with respect to such a (normal) orientation.

In one embodiment, in a further development, the energy source comprises a (electricity) network or a hydraulic system or network or a hydraulic (pressure) source or supply.

• 1: einen Teil einer Windenergieanlage nach einer Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung;
• 1a: eine Vergrößerung eines Ausschnitts der 1;
• 2: ein Verfahren zum Betreiben der Windenergieanlage nach bisheriger internen Praxis;
• 3: ein Verfahren zum Betreiben der Windenergieanlage nach einer Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung; und
• 4: ein Verfahren zum Betreiben der Windenergieanlage nach einer weiteren Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung.

Further advantages and features emerge from the subclaims and the exemplary embodiments. For this shows, partly schematically:

• 1 : a part of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• 1a : an enlargement of a section of the 1 ;
• 2 : a method for operating the wind turbine according to previous internal practice;
• 3 : a method for operating the wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
• 4th : a method for operating the wind turbine according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

1 shows part of a wind energy installation according to an embodiment of the present invention with a rotor 1 with three angle-adjustable rotor blades, of which in FIG 1 a first rotor blade 2 and a further rotor blade 2 'can be seen.

Each of the rotor blades can be adjusted by its own electric motor or hydraulic adjustment drive 3 or 3 ', as in FIG 1 indicated by double arrows moving.

In a normal operating mode, the adjustment drives 3, 3 'from an energy source 6, for example a power supply or a hydraulic (pressure) source, are supplied and controlled by pitch controls 5, 5', the first adjustment drive 3 for adjusting the first rotor blade 2 by a first Pitch control 5 and the further adjustment drive 3 'for adjusting the further rotor blade 2' by a further pitch control 5 '. In a modification not shown, both adjustment drives 3, 3 'can be controlled by a (common or first) pitch control.

In the event of a fault in the energy source 6, the adjustment drives 3, 3 'are instead supplied by energy stores 7, 7' in a special operating mode. In a modification not shown, two or more of the adjustment drives can also be supplied by the same energy store.

This energy supply is switched off by energy supply cut-off devices 9.1, 9.2 or 9.1 ', 9.2', for example contactors or valves, when the rotor blades switch off in a spin position range (9.1, 9.1 'switch off) or flag position range (9.2, 9.2' switch off) ) condition.

Two operating modes of the special operating mode are provided in the exemplary embodiment: when the pitch control 5 or 5 'is functioning, it controls the corresponding adjustment drive 3 or 3', which is supplied from the energy store instead of the energy source. If the pitch control 5 or 5 'is defective, the corresponding adjustment drive 3 or 3' is supplied directly from the energy store. In a modification that is not shown, one of the two operating modes can also be omitted.

The wind energy installation also has pitch brakes for holding the rotor blades and redundant sensors for monitoring the position or movement of the rotor blades, in particular a first pitch brake 4 for holding the first rotor blade 2 and sensors 8.1, 8.2 for monitoring the first rotor blade 2 as well a further pitch brake 4 'for holding the further rotor blade 2' and sensors 8.1 ', 8.2' for monitoring the further rotor blade 2 '.

With an in 2 The illustrated method for operating the wind turbine according to previous internal practice is switched to a fault operating mode in the event of a fault in the energy source 6 (S10: "Y"), in which the adjustment drives 3, 3 'the rotor blades 2, 2' with the pitch brakes 4, 4 'in their tail or flag positions (step S20), the energy supply cut-off devices 9.1-9.2' switch off this energy supply (S40) as soon as the rotor blade has reached a corresponding switch-off area (S30: “Y”). As a result, the pitch brakes 4, 4 'are also closed (S40). The corresponding contactors or valves thus form an energy supply disconnection device as well as a pitch brake closing switching device.

3 shows a method for operating the wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Again, if there is a fault in the energy source 6 (S100: “Y”), a switch is made to a fault operating mode.

In this, a safety controller 10 monitors by means of the redundant sensors 8.1-8.2 ' the position and / or movement of the rotor blades 2, 2 '(S110).

As long as a position and / or movement of a rotor blade lies within a permissible tolerance range around a specified position or movement, for example the rotor blade follows a specified target movement into a holding position or a distance to a specified holding position decreases (sufficiently quickly) ( S110: “Y”), the safety controller 10 deactivates the corresponding energy supply disconnection device 9.1 or 9.1 'or enables such a deactivation by the associated pitch control 5, 5' (S120).

When the energy supply cut-off device is deactivated in this way, the pitch control or the safety control controls the rotor blade into the predetermined holding position (S130).

As soon as a rotor blade has reached its predetermined stop position (S140: "Y"), the safety control 10 switches off the energy supply of the corresponding adjustment drive (S150) and then activates the corresponding energy supply cut-off device or withdraws the switching right or the associated pitch control 5, 5 '. the release for deactivation, so that the energy supply disconnection device is or is reactivated (S160). This also applies the associated pitch brake (S160).

If the safety controller 10 determines that the position or movement of a rotor blade is outside the permissible tolerance range (S110: "N"), the safety controller 10 also activates the corresponding energy supply cut-off device 9.1 or 9.1 'again or withdraws it from the associated pitch control 5, 5 'the switching right or the release for deactivation.

One recognizes by comparison with 2 that, on the one hand, the energy supply from the energy store is no longer disconnected by the deactivated energy supply disconnection device 9.1 or 9.1 'when the holding position is regularly reached, which is thereby spared. On the other hand, it becomes clear that the rotor blades can be moved into holding positions within the predetermined switch-off ranges as long as the safety controller 10 effects or enables the deactivation of the corresponding energy supply switch-off device. As a result, the rotor blades can advantageously be parked further within the shutdown areas, thus reducing the probability of an undesired, wind-induced slipping out.

4th shows a method for operating the wind turbine according to a further embodiment of the present invention. Again, if there is a fault in the energy source 6 (S200: “Y”), a switch is made to a fault operating mode.

In this, the safety controller 10 uses the redundant sensors 8.1-8.2 'to monitor the position and / or movement of the rotor blades 2, 2' (S210).

In addition, the rotor blades are moved in the direction of the tail or flag position (S220).

If a rotor blade reaches the corresponding switch-off area around this position (S230: "Y"), its energy supply cut-off device 9.1 or 9.1 'switches off its energy supply from the energy store and closes its pitch brake 4 or 4' (S240), ie at the same time forms a pitch brake closing switching device.

If the safety controller 10 determines that the position or movement of a rotor blade is outside a permissible tolerance range (S210: "N"), for example its distance to the shutdown area to be approached is not reduced in the intended manner because, for example, the corresponding adjustment drive is defective, it closes Safety controller 10 itself controls the pitch brake of this rotor blade and switches to a blocking mode in which it prevents this pitch brake from being opened and this adjustment drive from being supplied with energy from the energy store (S250). For this purpose, the safety controller 10 switches two switching means 11.1, 11.2, for example in the corresponding power supply disconnection device, as in the enlargement 1a of the 1 indicated. A deactivation (S270) of this blocking mode requires a manual entry (S260: "Y") individually for the respective adjustment drive.

Although exemplary embodiments have been explained in the preceding description, it should be pointed out that a large number of modifications are possible. In particular, based on the 3 , 4th two different aspects of the present invention explained separately from one another. This illustrates that these aspects can be implemented independently of one another. As can be seen from the synopsis of these figures and the associated description, however, both aspects can also be combined, in particular the safety control in the fault operating mode both cause or enable a deactivation of the energy supply disconnection device and the corresponding one instead of a pitch brake closing switching device Apply the pitch brake and then switch to lock mode. In addition, it has already been pointed out sen that instead of sheet-specific pitch controls 5, 5 'in a modification, a (common or first) pitch control can control both adjustment drives 3, 3' individually in one embodiment. It should also be pointed out that the exemplary designs are only examples that are not intended to restrict the scope of protection, the applications and the structure in any way. Rather, the preceding description provides a person skilled in the art with guidelines for the implementation of at least one exemplary embodiment, with various changes, in particular with regard to the function and arrangement of the components described, being able to be made without departing from the scope of protection as it emerges from the claims and these equivalent combinations of features results.

List of reference symbols

1

rotor

2/2 '

first / further rotor blade

3/3 '

first / further adjustment drive

4/4 '

first / further pitch brake

5/5 '

first / further pitch control

6th

Energy source

7/7 '

Energy storage

8.1-8.2 '

sensor

9.1-9.2 '

Power supply cut-off / pitch brake closing switching device

10

Safety control

11.1, 11.2

Switching means

Claims (12)

A method for operating a wind turbine which has a rotor (1) with a first angle-adjustable rotor blade (2), a first adjustment drive (3) for adjusting the first rotor blade and a safety controller (10), wherein: in a normal operating mode, the first adjustment drive is supplied from an energy source (6) and controlled by a first pitch control (5); and in a fault operating mode the energy supply of the first adjustment drive is switched from the energy source to an energy store (7); and the safety controller monitors a position and / or movement of the first rotor blade; wherein in the fault operating mode, the first rotor blade is adjusted by the first adjustment drive in the direction of a predetermined holding position, while the safety control deactivates a first energy supply disconnection device (9.1), which is set up to switch off the energy supply, as a function of the monitored position and / or movement to switch off, release or cause the first adjustment drive from the energy store as a result of a position of the first rotor blade in a switch-off area; and or wherein in the fault operating mode the safety control depending on the monitored position and / or movement instead of a pitch brake closing switching device (9.1), which is set up to do this if a position of the first rotor blade is in a pitch brake closing range, a first pitch brake (4) to close to hold the first rotor blade, close the first pitch brake and activate a first locking mode in which the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the energy store and / or opening of the first pitch brake is prevented. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the safety controller monitors the position and / or movement of the first rotor blade redundantly, in particular with the aid of at least two redundant sensors (8.1, 8.2), and / or the first adjustment drive has at least one electric motor, in particular a DC motor, or at least one hydraulic actuator . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding position lies within the switch-off area and / or is specified on the basis of a state of the wind energy installation and / or its surroundings. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the safety control switches off the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the energy store after reaching the holding position before it enables or causes activation of the first energy supply switch-off device. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the safety control enables or effects activation of the first energy supply disconnection device if it detects an error when the first rotor blade approaches the stop position. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first adjustment drive for adjusting the first rotor blade in the direction of the holding position is controlled by the first pitch control or the safety control. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second energy supply disconnection device (9.2) disconnects the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the energy store as a result of an adjustment of the first rotor blade beyond the first disconnection area into a second disconnection area. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activation of the first blocking mode requires switching of at least two switching means (11.1, 11.2) and / or switching off the energy supply of the first adjustment drive and / or preventing control of the first adjustment drive for adjustment of the first rotor blade includes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that deactivation of the first locking mode requires an individual and / or manual input for the first adjustment drive. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor has at least one further angularly adjustable rotor blade (2 ') and a further adjustment drive (3') for adjusting this further rotor blade, wherein in the normal operating mode the further adjustment drive is supplied from the energy source and by the first or a further pitch control (5 ') is controlled; and in the fault operating mode, the energy supply of the further adjustment drive is switched from the energy source to the or a further energy store (7 '); and the safety controller monitors a position and / or movement of the further rotor blade; wherein in the malfunction operating mode the further rotor blade is adjusted by the further adjustment drive in the direction of a predetermined holding position, while the safety controller deactivates a further energy supply disconnection device (9.1 '), which is set up for this purpose, depending on the monitored position and / or movement of the further rotor blade is to switch off, enable or cause the energy supply of the further adjustment drive from the one or further energy store as a result of a position of the further rotor blade in a switch-off area; and / or wherein in the fault operating mode the safety control as a function of the monitored position and / or movement of the further rotor blade instead of a pitch-brake closing switching device (9.1 ') which is set up if the further rotor blade is in a position in a pitch-brake closing range is to close a further pitch brake (4 ') to hold the further rotor blade, closes the further pitch brake and activates a further blocking mode independent of the first blocking mode, in which the energy supply of the further adjustment drive from the one or further energy storage and / or opening of the further pitch brake is prevented. Wind energy plant which has a rotor (1) with a first angle-adjustable rotor blade (2), a first adjustment drive (3) for adjusting the first rotor blade and a safety controller (10), the wind energy plant being set up to carry out a method according to one of the preceding claims and / or has: Means for supplying the first adjustment drive from an energy source (6) and controlling it by a first pitch control (5) in a normal operating mode; and Means for switching the energy supply of the first adjustment drive from the energy source to an energy store (7) and monitoring a position and / or movement of the first rotor blade by the safety controller in a fault operating mode; such as Means for adjusting the first rotor blade by the first adjustment drive in the direction of a predetermined holding position, while the safety control deactivates a first energy supply cut-off device (9.1), which is set up to supply energy to the first adjustment drive, as a function of the monitored position and / or movement switching off, releasing or causing it to switch off as a result of a position of the first rotor blade in a switch-off area, in the fault operating mode; and or Means for closing a first pitch brake (4) for holding the first rotor blade by the safety controller as a function of the monitored position and / or movement instead of a pitch brake closing switching device (9.1) which is set up if the first is in a position Rotor blade is in a pitch brake closing range to close the first pitch brake, and to activate a first locking mode, in which the energy supply of the first adjustment drive and / or opening of the first pitch brake is prevented, in the fault operating mode. Computer program product with a program code, which is stored on a medium that can be read by a computer, for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims.

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