DE102020003811A1 - Underfloor heating system with an improved layer structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The problem with the established underfloor heating systems and heating conductor underfloor heating systems is that they are perceived as ecologically and economically disadvantageous in terms of material requirements, environmental pollution in production, life expectancy of the layered composite, recyclability of the combined materials used and the purchase price. The task is to overcome this disadvantage with an improved underfloor heating system. With the consistent focus on an industrial dry construction system with full-surface, electrical, recyclable heating foils, a suitable underfloor heating system is becoming accessible for the first time. In all areas in which at least one of the Aspects such as material prices, ecological balance of the raw materials, logistics effort for material delivery, man-time required for assembly and commissioning, necessary total mass of building materials, necessary construction time of the unit, life expectancy of the underfloor heating system, economic balance for a life cycle and recyclability of the individual components are important the system significant monetary benefits.

Description

GENERAL AREA

The invention is located in the field of underfloor heating. Established products and measures in the general area of composite flooring products can be found, for example, in the documents DE 1928694 A , DE 1910704 A , DE 1765729 A , DE 2442331 A , DE 4036848 A and DE 1973405 A . Typical improvement approaches for composite materials and functions integrated in composite materials strive for multifunctionality within a prefabricated semi-finished product. The functionality is set and made available in combination by skillfully coordinating the material-related advantages and properties.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to an underfloor heating system according to the preamble of the independent claims. Classic and established construction methods, components, features and measures can be found in documents such as DE 1102923 A , DE 1615347 B , DE 1244992 B , EP 242787 A , FR 2698432 A , DE 19607907 A , DE 19980229 C1 and DE 202008003623 U .

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Generic floor heating systems provide a heating function in a functional floor layer sequence by means of an integrated heating element.

From the DE 446 813 A from 1927 an electrical heating device is known in which a heating wire is arranged in a serpentine manner in grooves of a wood composite panel. The established heating systems are still consistent with this generic design in the basic concept.

From the DE 2 010 304 C2 from 1971 the measure can be taken to replace a heating wire with a hot water pipe. Embedded in an insulating layer on the underside, the cable can provide the necessary heat through the upper, final floor-screed layer.

This ultimately leads to a layer structure like that of the DE 26 50 251 B1 can be seen: An insulating layer is arranged on a raw concrete ceiling, which in turn carries heating pipes, which enclose islands of heat-conducting or non-conducting material. The diameter and length of the tubes determine the available heat, while the thermal conductivity and mass of the respective island material determine the heat dissipation. The available amount of heat is distributed through the screed on top and can - through precise planning - appropriately supply a subsequent floor layer with heat.

A disadvantage of the generic systems is that heat must always be given off to the floor via heat-dissipating and distributing structures so that the high local temperature of the heating wires / heating cables does not unevenly heat the subsequent floor. Another disadvantage is that the assembly of the layers and the installation of the heating systems require a complex sequence of trades, drying cycles and set-up measures. Another disadvantage is that the complex and permanently integrated materials do not allow direct reuse in recycling cycles.

The object of the present invention was therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an underfloor heating system with an improved layer structure, which is able to provide an ecological, uniform usage balance despite a lower structure height and a smaller number of transitions.

This object is achieved in accordance with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims and the following description.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Floor heating system with an improved layer structure, characterized in that in a sequence of layers, starting with a first layer on the underside and ending with a floor on the top, the layer structure comprises a continuously smoothed, preferably continuously smoothed, dust-free and grease-free, raw floor as the first layer .

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND ADVANTAGEOUS FEATURES

A floor heating system according to the invention with an improved layer structure comprises in a sequence of layers, starting with a first layer on the underside and ending with a floor on top, in the layer structure as the first layer a continuously smoothed bare floor. A continuously smoothed raw floor has a continuous, uniform surface. The surface is free of holes, points, edges or breaks, which a subsequently applied web material on polymer and / or Tissue base a few tenths of a millimeter thick could tear, perforate, cut or deform.
The continuously smoothed raw floor is preferably free of dust and grease.
The continuously smoothed raw floor is preferably designed as a concrete floor, the concrete being equipped with a wetting, low-molecular weight additive based on siloxane, which floats during hardening and has a uniform, adhesion-promoting organosiloxane layer on the top.
Particularly preferred is an inexpensive, established concrete sub-floor with an even, adhesion-promoting, moist-hardening material layer based on organosiloxane treated with a siccative additive and thus provides both the drying process of the concrete and the continuously smooth sub-floor surface in a particularly advantageous manner, without the need for dust-generating measures. Rather, in this advantageous embodiment, dust can even be bound via a liquid applied, rapidly hardening material layer.

The underfloor heating system preferably comprises a layer which inhibits water vapor diffusion as a further layer. A layer that inhibits water vapor diffusion deflects moisture and drying moisture to the outside, which stabilizes the room climate and prevents the risk of mold and fouling. A water vapor non-conductive layer is preferably drawn in to keep moisture away safely; This type of layer particularly preferably offers a reliable barrier against moisture / wetness in the case of components in contact with the ground.

An underfloor heating system preferably comprises a flowable bed as a further layer. In this context, 'flowable' refers to bulk material, the particles of which slide, slide and roll underneath one another on uneven surfaces and thus, following gravity, fill the dents and depressions in a tight packing. A smooth, even and horizontally peelable material layer is quickly and easily accessible without further compaction.
A flowable bed preferably additionally has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.08 watts per Kelvin and meter. A bed with this thermal conductivity will additionally slow down heat released on the top side in the flow downwards / outwards and reduce heat losses to adjacent rooms and areas.
A flowable bed preferably also consists of mineral particles; mineral particles cannot burn and improve fire and flame resistance.
Preferably, a flowable bed additionally has a finishing of the particles with a thixotropic cohesion improver, preferably with a cohesion improver based on wax,
on. Thixotropic cohesion improvers allow flow when there is strong mechanical force, but form bridges again at the contact points during longer periods of rest, which are stable in the event of slight vibrations. By resting overnight, such a bed can provide a particularly stable level for subsequent work / trades without the need for additional or personnel-intensive activities.

An underfloor heating system preferably comprises a layer of connected construction panels based on polymer foam as a further layer. In terms of strength, resistance and stability, construction panels are designed for the structural purpose - here preferably as a directly accessible floor panel in the living room area. Polymer foam structures support the heat and / or sound-insulating properties through their closed-cell structure. The construction panels preferably have a cross-linked, predominantly closed-cell polymer core with a mechanically more stable and sound-absorbing volume structure. In addition, the base plate preferably has aluminum foil laminated on over the entire surface, preferably over the entire surface on both sides. Aluminum foil is able to better reflect thermal radiation; Double-sided lamination can reduce thermal conductivity by up to 30% and thus effectively contributes to improved insulation and / or lower, necessary overall thickness and faster logistics through reduced overall volume. Preferably, the aluminum foil can additionally serve as a grounding and / or part of a safety control circuit in order to be able to safely and immediately interrupt the power supply via a control circuit in the event of accidental perforation or damage.

An underfloor heating system preferably comprises a layer of dry screed elements as a further layer. Dry screed elements are basic, metal oxide-containing panels or layers on a mineral basis. After laying / spreading in a continuous bond with edge strips, which decouple the layer from the wall and interrupt impact sound conduction, the metal oxides gradually bind CO2 in the air and additionally stiffen / stabilize the layer. Preferably, the dry screed elements also consist at least partially of fiber-reinforced, mineral-based drywall floor panels, which are glued and screwed in a step-fold arrangement. The latter particularly preferably comprises 3 layers, the last layer being designed to match necessary and possible cable ducts and line grooves so that these cannot impair the stability of the basic structure.

An underfloor heating system preferably comprises a double-sided layer as a further layer adhesive fabric film. Due to their basic structure, fabric foils are somewhat stiffer and easier to handle than pure adhesive foils.

The fabric film is preferably additionally equipped at least partially with a dispersion adhesive and a cell adhesive. The proportion of dispersion adhesive provides a first initial tack and allows a preparatory alignment of the fabric film on a target surface. The cell adhesive can be activated via a flat and / or partial pressure that moves over the surface and fixes the pre-aligned film with a high adhesive force in the composite. In addition, the fabric film is preferably at least partially perforated. Perforated areas allow the subsequent smoothing of areas under which air has been trapped in thin pockets or bubbles. In addition, it is unnecessary to pierce such inclusions and accidental damage or perforation of additional layers and materials on the underside is no longer possible. Complex repairs or damaged areas are safely excluded and even with robust handling, excellent results can always be achieved with up to 5 times less man time with simple, smooth grooving edges / tools such as smoothing trowels. In addition, the fabric film is preferably at least partially designed as a fabric in a plain weave. Plain weave is constructed symmetrically in warp and weft threads and is therefore similarly stable in every direction. Weight and tensile forces are distributed more evenly. Asymmetrical hiking in the network is not possible in this way. In addition, it is also easier and more reliable to subsequently peel off connected layers for the purpose of separate disposal.

An underfloor heating system preferably comprises an insulating film with an integrated electrical heating surface as a further layer. The heating surface preferably additionally comprises a PET film combination with enclosed, flat, printed, inorganic thin-film heating. A flat heating system does not extract heat in strips or lines, but in continuous and adjacent strips. The heat load is distributed more evenly. Top layers that distribute heat become obsolete. This reduces the total amount of materials required. Furthermore, significantly lower local temperatures on the heating surface allow cheaper materials. In addition, the thermal load on the adjacent materials is reduced and the life expectancy of the layer sequence increases dramatically. By reducing the maximum temperature from 80 ° C to 40 ° C, it was possible to achieve a ten-fold increase in long-term stability. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, an inorganic, fiber-free heating layer printed on the basis of aqueous pastes is provided with additional edge layers and structures by reaction during printing. Explanations, options and possibilities for this can be found in documents such as WO 2016 134 706A , WO 2016 134 705 A , WO 2016 134 704 A , WO 2016 134 703 A and WO 2018 010 727 A . Particularly preferably, the heating surface is at least partially, preferably completely, in the form of an inorganic heating surface printed in water at room temperature with an accompanying reaction on a paper carrier; the heating surface has copper contact strips on the edge; the individual heating track configured in this way is in turn completely covered on the top and bottom by a PET film that is at least 100 micrometers thick, the PET films being welded to one another at the edges. In this advantageous embodiment, the heating surface is mechanically highly stable, can be easily separated from fiber and fabric-reinforced adhesive layers and, as a composite product, is analogous to a PET bottle with a high-quality label with pigment color and metal pigments directly and with a return rate of almost 99% Existing, available systems can be recycled.

An underfloor heating system preferably comprises a top-side vapor barrier sheet as a further layer. A vapor barrier membrane on the top protects the electric heating surfaces attached to the underside from moisture and humidity and is particularly recommended for wet rooms and rooms with standing water loads. Preferably, the vapor barrier sheet is additionally designed at least partially as a vapor barrier film with a self-adhesive finish on the underside and on a crack-bridging plastomer base with a tangled fiber reinforcement fleece on the top. As a result, the vapor barrier membrane can be integrated with a force fit, but it can also be removed again from the bonded, underside bond.

The underfloor heating system preferably comprises, as a further layer, a floor adhered to the top in strips. The floor is preferably designed as a flat rubber floor with a perforated fabric film that is double-sided self-adhesive on the underside.

Further advantages result from the exemplary embodiments. It goes without saying that the preferred features, measures and advantages described above and the following exemplary embodiments are not to be interpreted as restrictive. Advantageous or preferred, additional features and additional feature combinations, as explained in the description and known from the cited documents, can be implemented in the claimed subject matter as additional features and measures both individually and in different combinations within the scope of the independent claims, without leaving the scope of the invention.

DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION ON THE BASIS OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

In an advantageous embodiment, a floor heating system according to the invention with an improved layer structure comprises a sequence of at least 7, preferably at least 9, layers, starting with a first layer on the underside and ending with a floor on the top. The first layer of the layer structure is a continuously smoothed, dust- and fat-free raw floor. A layer which inhibits water vapor diffusion is provided as a second, optional layer. The third layer is a flowable, mineral-based fill with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.08 watt per Kelvin and meter and a thixotropic finish of the particle surface on a wax basis to provide an even and sufficiently horizontal level. The fourth layer is a layer of connected construction panels based on polymer foam. The fourth layer is preferably already dimensioned and marked as a semi-finished product to match a standard room design and can be designed in a puzzle-like manner via lateral, mutually overlapping notches and formations; Using optimized volume structures, improved connectivity, edge strips made of closed-cell elastomer, advantageous film coatings and an increased proportion of closed-cell volume, impact sound insulation, sound bridge attenuation to the walls, thermal insulation and assembly time can be improved particularly advantageously in combination. The fifth layer is a layer of fiber-reinforced, mineral-based dry screed elements in the form of drywall floor panels. These can be mounted in the classic way using glued step-fold connections, screw connections and edge strips on the side. These are preferably combined with puzzle-like structures that engage behind each other, an additional base plate layer with milled sensor channels and a double-sided adhesive fabric film attached to the top. Advantageously, through the combination with the sixth layer, which can alternatively also be applied separately and subsequently, in the form of a double-sided, perforated fabric film with fabric in plain weave, equipped with a dispersion adhesive and a cell adhesive, additional man time is saved, and prefabrication in known space dimensions reduces that on the construction site Accruing waste and dust to zero. Dust, waste and unnecessary transport are eliminated and the ecological footprint is also improved. The seventh layer is an electrically insulating film with an integrated, electrical heating surface in the form of an advantageous PET film combination with an enclosed planar, water-based, inorganic thin-film heater. This layer is also advantageously manufactured as a sheet material and already made up and marked for certain rooms / room dimensions. Layers of web material are preferably arranged with a similar width and at right angles to one another in order to keep the mechanical properties homogeneous in the surface. Particularly preferably, the number of lanes is an even number and, by interconnecting the two connections (P; N) of a lane, allows a power adjustment as explained below using an advantageous example: With 12 lanes of equal length and resistance, 12 can be connected in series in order of increasing power or 2 x 6 (the 6 connected in parallel), or 3 x 4, or 4 x 3 or 6 x 2 or 12 tracks can be connected in parallel. Such an interconnection matrix allows the alignment of permanently available power to the power requirement of a room or the advantageous interconnection of the room via electrotechnical control circuits depending on the acute heat demand. The full-surface heating foil can lower the local temperature of the heating foil by up to 50 ° C. This increases the life expectancy of the layers under thermal load by a factor of 8 to 16. Furthermore, with a temperature that is only a few degrees above a floor surface temperature of a maximum of 29 ° C, better available raw materials can be used without risk. This opens up shorter transport routes, reduces the necessary logistics and drastically increases the life expectancy of the materials installed directly on the heating surface. The eighth, optional layer is a self-adhesive vapor barrier film on the underside on a crack-bridging plastomer base with a random fiber reinforcement fleece on the top. The optional vapor barriers and vapor barriers can be dispensed with in rooms that are not expected to be damp or wet; for rooms in which wetness or strongly fluctuating humidity is to be expected, these are to be installed. The ninth and last layer is a flat rubber floor, advantageously glued on the top in strips, preferably with a perforated fabric film that is double-sided self-adhesive on the underside.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the underfloor heating system is consistently geared towards dry, dust-free and waste-free components which, by being aligned at right angles to one another, can also be separated again after use and recycled in a targeted manner in layers. Material, logistics costs, necessary man time and environmental pollution are reduced in a concerted way. In combination, this results in an electrical heating system for the first time, which in the price Performance ratio, in the environmental impact and in the total costs in comparison with established natural gas and heating conductor systems offers considerable advantages.

In an advantageous embodiment, a layer sequence comprising at least the layers of claims 1, 4 and 7 of the application version, preferably comprising the layers of the exemplary embodiment first explained in this section, was compared in terms of energy consumption in typical industrial rooms with established heating systems.
Compared to an electric glow wire fan heater, an identical room could be brought to the same temperature with only 25% of the amount of energy with the same heating time. Compared to an electric radiator with a convection heating function, an identical industrial living container with 40% to 60% of the amount of energy could be brought to the same temperature in the same time.
In comparison with water-based underfloor heating, an otherwise identical room with identical outside temperatures could be brought to the same temperature several times with 76% to 85% of the amount of energy.
In the heating phases in particular, the established systems show higher total masses and / or poorer heat transfer efficiencies due to a higher number of transitions in the heat flow as a disadvantage that wastes energy. With the concept claimed in the present case, significant amounts of energy can be saved without having to forego the usual comfort. In particular, the broad range of customers who are skeptical about new heating technologies, as their efficiency and equivalence does not seem certain with regard to the desired temperature, can thus be effectively convinced by complementary, economic and ecological aspects and prompted to rethink.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The problem with established underfloor heating systems and heatsealing band underfloor heating systems is that they are perceived by the interested market as ecologically and economically disadvantageous in terms of material requirements, environmental pollution in production, the life expectancy of the layer composite, the recyclability of the combined materials and the purchase price. The task is to overcome this disadvantage in concert with an improved underfloor heating system.
With the consistent focus on an industrial dry construction system with full-surface, electrical, recyclable heating foils, a suitable underfloor heating system is available for the first time.
In all areas in which at least one of the aspects of material prices, ecological balance of raw materials, logistics effort for material delivery, necessary man time in assembly and / or commissioning, necessary total mass of building materials, necessary construction time of the unit, life expectancy of the underfloor heating system, economic balance for A life cycle and recyclability of the individual components are important, the system offers significant, monetary advantages.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 1928694 A [0001]
• DE 1910704 A [0001]
• DE 1765729 A [0001]
• DE 2442331 A [0001]
• DE 4036848 A [0001]
• DE 1973405 A [0001]
• DE 1102923 A [0002]
• DE 1615347 B [0002]
• DE 1244992 B [0002]
• EP 242787 A [0002]
• FR 2698432 A [0002]
• DE 19607907 A [0002]
• DE 19980229 C1 [0002]
• DE 202008003623 U [0002]
• DE 446813 A [0004]
• DE 2010304 C2 [0005]
• DE 2650251 B1 [0006]
• WO 2016134706 A [0018]
• WO 2016134705 A [0018]
• WO 2016134704 A [0018]
• WO 2016134703 A [0018]
• WO 2018010727 A [0018]

Claims (10)

Floor heating system with an improved layer structure, characterized in that in a sequence of layers, starting with a first layer on the underside and ending with a floor on the top, the layer structure comprises a continuously smoothed, preferably continuously smoothed, dust-free and grease-free, raw floor as the first layer . Floor heating system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the sequence of layers comprises, as a further layer, a layer which inhibits water vapor diffusion, preferably a layer which does not conduct water vapor. Floor heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sequence of layers comprises, as a further layer, a flowable bed, preferably a flowable bed with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.08 watts per Kelvin and meter. Floor heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sequence of layers comprises as a further layer a layer of connected construction panels based on polymer foam, preferably construction panels with a cross-linked polymer core and impact sound-absorbing volume structure. Floor heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sequence of layers comprises, as a further layer, a layer of dry screed elements, preferably of fiber-reinforced mineral-based drywall floor panels. Floor heating system Floor heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sequence of layers comprises as a further layer a double-sided adhesive fabric film, preferably a perforated fabric film equipped with a dispersion adhesive and a cell adhesive with fabric in a plain weave. Floor heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sequence of layers comprises, as a further layer, an insulating film with an integrated electrical heating surface, preferably a PET film combination with an enclosed, flat, printed inorganic thin-film heater. Floor heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sequence of layers comprises, as a further layer, a vapor barrier sheet, preferably a vapor barrier film with a self-adhesive finish on the underside and a crack-bridging plastomer base with a tangled fiber reinforcement fleece on top. Floor heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sequence of layers comprises as a further layer a floor glued in strips on the upper side, preferably a flat rubber floor with a perforated fabric film which is double-sided self-adhesive on the underside. Floor heating system according to all preceding claims.