DE102019215961A1 - Floating body for use as a hydraulic engineering element, hydraulic engineering arrangement with at least one such floating body, method for arranging such a floating body in a body of water, and method for operating such a floating body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a floating body (1) for use as a hydraulic structural element, in particular as a breakwater, the floating body (1) having a hollow base body (3) with a round cross section, and the base body (3) being made of steel.

Description

The invention relates to a floating body, a hydraulic engineering arrangement with at least one such floating body, a method for arranging such a floating body in a body of water, and a method for operating such a floating body.

It is known in principle to use floating bodies as breakwaters, in particular to reduce waves landing on inland or coastal waters and free water surfaces. Last but not least, this serves to protect banks, structures and other goods worthy of protection, in particular from erosion or material removal. Such floating breakwaters are typically passive, rectangular structures made of concrete or plastic. Floating bodies made of concrete have the particular disadvantage that, due to their construction, they have a high dead weight, so that their transport to a place of use is difficult and often only possible by means of cost-intensive heavy-duty transports. Due to their large and non-variable depth, they already require a comparatively large minimum water depth where they are used in a body of water and are therefore not suitable for introduction into shallow bodies of water. It is also difficult to adapt the composition of the concrete used depending on the intended place of use so as not to disturb the water chemistry, especially the pH value. Maintenance work on such breakwaters is complex.

Floating breakwaters made of plastic, on the other hand, are easy to transport and install. The disadvantage here, however, is that they have a shallow draft, as a result of which the wave-breaking properties are only slightly pronounced, with such constructions easily threatening to overturn.

Floating breakwaters made of concrete or plastic usually have only a small and / or non-adjustable freeboard, so that their effect fails above a certain wave height. If these floats capsize, they can only be erected again with considerable effort due to their box-shaped construction. The freeboard is typically specified and can no longer be changed afterwards.

The invention is based on the object of creating a floating body, a hydraulic engineering arrangement with at least one such floating body, a method for arranging such a floating body in a body of water, and a method for operating such a floating body, the disadvantages mentioned at least partially not occurring or being reduced are.

The object is achieved in that the present technical teaching is provided, in particular the teaching of the independent claims and the embodiments disclosed in the dependent claims and the description.

The object is achieved in particular by creating a floating body which is set up for use as a hydraulic construction element, in particular as a breakwater, the floating body having a hollow base body with a round cross-section, and the base body being made of steel. The round cross-section of the base body reduces or eliminates the risk of capsizing for the floating body, in particular advantageously. At the same time, such a floating body with a round cross-section has, in particular, at least as good a damping effect as a floating body with a rectangular or otherwise angular cross-section, but proves to be cheaper and easier to manufacture. The construction made of steel enables in particular a lighter design and thus in particular easier transport than a construction made of concrete, but at the same time a greater depth and better wave-breaking properties than a construction made of plastic. In addition, the design made of steel enables the floating body to be manufactured inexpensively.

Depending on its external dimensions, the floating body can preferably be flexibly transported to any location without any special transport and preferably launched into the water without restrictions, in particular because it has a light construction compared to concrete.

A floating body is understood to mean, in particular, a device which, due to its buoyancy by displacement according to the Archimedes' principle, can float independently. In particular, such a floating body is a hydrostatic buoyancy body or has a hydrostatic buoyancy body. In particular, the hollow main body of the floating body is a hydrostatic buoyancy body.

The floating body is preferably designed as a floating breakwater.

A cross section is understood to mean, in particular, a view in an imaginary plane on which a longitudinal direction of the floating body, in particular a longitudinal direction of the hollow base body, is perpendicular. A longitudinal direction is in particular a direction of extent of an axis of symmetry or longitudinal axis of the Floating body, in particular the main body, and / or a direction of the longest extension of the floating body, in particular the main body.

The fact that the hollow base body has a round cross section means in particular that the base body - viewed in cross section - has no corners or edges. The base body preferably has a circular cross section or an oval cross section. The base body is preferably designed as a cylinder or has a cylindrical or cup-shaped geometry, in particular a circular-cylindrical geometry or a cylindrical geometry with an oval cross-section. The cylindrical or bowl-shaped base body is preferably set up for a lying arrangement in water, the longitudinal axis of the base body being oriented parallel to the water surface.

In a preferred embodiment, steel is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of at most 2%, with iron as the main component. In addition to iron and carbon, the alloy can have other components, in particular to modify the properties of the alloy.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the base body consists of steel. The base body is then particularly simple and can be manufactured inexpensively.

If the base body is made of steel, its mechanical properties, in particular modulus of elasticity, material wall thickness, other static parameters and the like, are known, and they are in particular not or at most slightly dependent on variable ambient conditions or operating conditions, such as temperature and / or stress. A static and dynamic calculation is thus reliably made possible.

In a preferred embodiment, the base body has corrosion protection, in particular on an outer side which, as intended, faces the water of the body of water in which the floating body is used. The floating body preferably also has corrosion protection on the inside, in particular if the base body is designed to be filled with a corrosive liquid, in particular water. Such corrosion protection can in particular include a coating, hot-dip galvanizing, painting, galvanic coating, plating, or some other suitable configuration.

At least one bulkhead, preferably a plurality of bulkheads, is preferably arranged in the hollow base body. In particular, at least one longitudinal partition and / or at least one transverse partition can be arranged in the hollow base body. Such a bulkhead efficiently counteracts a buildup in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction and also counteracts heeling.

When the float is used as intended, the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction span an imaginary plane that is oriented parallel to the surface of the water.

Fastening elements, preferably cleats, are preferably arranged on the base body. In a preferred embodiment, these serve to fix the float in the body of water and / or to attach at least two floats to one another.

A body of water is understood here in particular to be flowing or standing water, in particular a body of water, the term “body of water” including natural and artificial bodies of water. In particular, a body of water is a sea or an inland body of water, in particular a flowing body of water or still water, in particular a stream, river, stream or canal, or a lake, in particular a natural lake or artificial lake such as a reservoir or open pit lake, a pond, pond or pond. In particular, the term “body of water” is not to be understood as being restricted to bodies of water that fall under the German law on the organization of the water regime (Water Management Act - WHG). In particular, bodies of water that fall under mining law are also included.

According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that the float has a controllable fill level changing device which is set up to change a fill level of a filler material in the hollow base body, in particular actively, when the fill level changing device is activated. The fill level is in particular a fill level of the filler material in a fill space of the base body. In this way, it is possible in particular to change the draft and at the same time the freeboard of the float, in particular also during the use of the float, that is to say in particular after the float has been introduced into a body of water.

According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that the base body is designed to be closed, in particular on all sides. This can in particular prevent water from penetrating into the base body in an undesired manner when the floating body is used, so that the depth of the floating body is unintentionally changed or the floating body even sinks.

The base body preferably encloses a filling space. The filling space is in particular a cavity that can be filled with a filling material. The filling space is preferably accessible from the outside such that it can be closed, preferably through a line, a filling nozzle or a flap, in particular an inspection flap. A line can in particular be closable by means of a valve or some other suitable device. A filler neck can in particular be closed with a lid or some other suitable closing device. In general, a closure element is preferably assigned to the base body in order to open and close the filling space as required. Thus, if necessary, filling material can be introduced into the filling space and discharged from the filling space. At the same time, it can be prevented that water from the body of water in which the floating body is used penetrates into the filling space in an undesired manner.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the base body is formed from a steel tank, from a steel boiler or from a steel pipe. This produces a particularly simple and inexpensive design of the base body. In particular, it is thus possible to reuse, for example, discarded steel tanks, steel boilers or steel pipes, which have previously served a different purpose, as floating bodies. If necessary, this requires an arrangement, in particular welding, additional wall elements and / or at least one bulkhead on or in such a steel tank, steel boiler or steel pipe. In the case of a steel pipe in particular, the front-side openings are preferably closed by attaching, in particular welding, front-side wall elements. In contrast, a steel tank or steel boiler is preferably designed to be closed on all sides. In particular, it is possible that such a steel tank or steel boiler already has at least one bulkhead. Depending on the previous application, such steel tanks, steel boilers or steel pipes are preferably cleaned before they are used in a body of water as floating bodies, in particular as floating breakwaters.

If the base body is formed from a steel tank, steel tank or steel pipe, readily available standard components can be used, which enable various floating bodies in different dimensions to be manufactured inexpensively.

According to a development of the invention it is provided that an eccentric weight is arranged or formed on or in the base body. Such an eccentric weight is in particular a mass which is arranged outside a center of gravity of the base body. The eccentric weight is preferably arranged in such a way that, when the floating body is used in a body of water, it is arranged below a center of gravity or hydrostatic buoyancy point of the floating body. This gives the floating body a high level of stability with respect to longitudinal and / or transverse inclination, in particular heeling, trimming, rolling and / or pounding; in particular, the floating body can automatically straighten up again due to the eccentric weight. The eccentric weight can preferably be arranged on the outside or inside of the base body, for example in the form of a keel or in the form of a - preferably permanent - partial filling of the hollow base body, for example a concrete insert. However, it is also possible for a wall of the base body to be thickened in some areas in order to provide the eccentric weight. The eccentric weight can therefore be arranged on the base body or formed on the base body. However, it can also be arranged in the base body or formed in the base body.

The object is also achieved by creating a floating body for use as a hydraulic structural element, in particular as a breakwater, the floating body having a hollow base body, the floating body having a controllable fill level changing device which is set up to adjust a fill level of a filler material in the hollow Base body - in particular actively - to change when the level changing device is activated. The fill level is in particular a fill level of the filler material in the fill space of the base body. In this way, it is possible to change the draft and at the same time the freeboard of the floating body, in particular also during the use of the floating body, that is to say in particular also subsequently after the floating body has been introduced into a body of water. In particular, the wave-breaking properties of the float, in particular namely draft, freeboard and mass of the float, can be changed as required - and in particular actively by means of measurement, control and / or regulating technology - while the float is in use. In particular, these properties can be adapted to the currently prevailing conditions in order to bring about the most efficient possible reduction in the wave height. In particular, the draft of the floating body can also be changed for the purpose of a simplified introduction of the floating body into the body of water, or a removal of the floating body from the body of water. In particular, the floating body can initially be introduced into the body of water unfilled or at most partially filled and then filled in the body of water by means of the level changing device. This enables a particularly easy transport and a special simple introduction of the float in shallow water, as well as a flexible, location-appropriate and adapted to current conditions use of the float.

The hollow base body preferably has a round cross section.

The base body preferably comprises steel, and the base body is particularly preferably made of steel.

The base body is preferably designed to be closed on all sides. The base body preferably encloses a filling space.

The base body is preferably formed from a steel tank, steel boiler or steel pipe.

An eccentric weight is preferably arranged or formed on or in the base body.

The base body preferably has a round cross section. The base body is particularly preferably designed as a cylinder or in the shape of a kettle, in particular for lying in the water.

The base body is preferably provided with corrosion protection - inside and / or outside.

At least one bulkhead, in particular a longitudinal and / or transverse bulkhead, is preferably arranged in the base body.

Fastening elements, in particular cleats, are preferably arranged on the base body.

In particular, the floating body is designed as was explained above for the first embodiment of the floating body.

According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that the filling level changing device has at least one pump which is set up to convey a fluid medium into and / or out of the base body. The at least one pump is therefore set up in particular to flood and / or drain the base body, in particular the filling space. The filling level changing device preferably has two pumps, namely a filling pump or flood pump, and a bilge pump. The at least one pump is preferably set up to pump water from the body of water in which the floating body is inserted into the hollow base body, in particular into the filling space, or to convey filler material, in particular water, from the hollow base body, in particular from the filling space to promote into the water. The at least one pump is preferably designed as a submersible pump. The two pumps are preferably designed as submersible pumps.

According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that the floating body has at least one sensor which is set up to detect at least one operating parameter of the floating body. In this way it is possible to monitor the operation of the float. The at least one operating parameter is preferably selected from a group consisting of: a water level on at least one side, in particular the transverse side, of the floating body; a difference in water level between the water levels on two sides of the float, in particular on two opposite sides along one direction, in particular on two transverse sides, that is to say two sides which are opposite each other along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and parallel to the transverse direction of the float; a holding force acting on a fastening point of the float; a longitudinal inclination of the float; a transverse inclination of the float; a buoyancy of the float; a draft and / or freeboard of the float; and a filling level, in particular of the filling material in the filling space. These operating parameters enable an assessment of the momentary operating situation of the float and, in particular, an assessment of its wave-damping, momentary effect.

The at least one sensor is preferably selected from a group consisting of: an ultrasonic sensor; a - preferably electrical or electronic - spirit level; and a force transducer. In particular, these sensors are suitable for detecting the at least one operating parameter.

The sensor is preferably designed as an ultrasonic sensor and set up to detect the water level on at least one side of the floating body. In this case, the sensor is particularly preferably arranged, preferably fastened, on an upper side of the base body and oriented downwards in the direction of the water surface.

The float preferably has two ultrasonic sensors on both sides, the ultrasonic sensors being set up to detect the water level in each case on the side of the float assigned to them. The sensors are particularly preferably linked to one another in such a way that a differential water level between the water levels on the two sides of the floating body can be determined.

The float preferably has a - preferably electrical or electronic - spirit level which is set up to detect a longitudinal inclination and / or a transverse inclination of the float.

The float preferably has at least one force transducer which is set up to determine a holding force acting on a fastening point of the float. In particular, such a force transducer can be integrated into a mooring, in particular a tether or a tether or a tether, for holding the floating body.

The floating body preferably has an ultrasonic sensor which is arranged in the interior of the hollow base body, in particular in the filling space, and which is set up to detect the filling level of the floating body.

The buoyancy of the float can in particular be determined from the water level on at least one side of the float and / or on the basis of the holding force acting on the attachment point of the float.

Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the floating body in which an ultrasonic sensor for determining the water level is arranged on both sides on the respectively assigned side, preferably sea side and land side. The sensors are preferably linked to one another in such a way that a differential water level between the two water levels can be determined. As an alternative or in addition, the float preferably has an electrical or electronic spirit level for determining a longitudinal and / or transverse inclination. As an alternative or in addition, the floating body preferably has a fill level sensor, preferably an ultrasonic sensor, in the interior of the hollow base body. As an alternative or in addition, the float preferably has at least one force transducer for determining a holding force acting on a fastening point of the float.

According to a further development of the invention, a control device is assigned to the float, the control device being operatively connected to the level changing device and being set up to determine at least one operating parameter of the float and to control the level changing device as a function of the at least one determined operating parameter. In this way, the level and thus at the same time the draft and the freeboard of the floating body can be varied as required.

The fact that the control device is assigned to the float preferably means that the control device is operatively connected to the float. It can in particular be arranged on the floating body. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided separately from the floating body, in particular on another floating body of a hydraulic engineering arrangement made up of a plurality of floating bodies which has the floating body, the control device being assigned to a plurality of floating bodies jointly, or remote from the floating body or the hydraulic engineering arrangement, for example on land, in particular in a land station, in which case the evaluation of the at least one operating parameter and the control of the level changing device take place spatially remote from the float and in particular also from the hydraulic engineering arrangement - in particular via remote maintenance.

The fact that the control device is operatively connected to the filling level changing device means in particular that the control device is connected to the filling level changing device to control it, in particular via at least one cable or wirelessly, for example via a radio network, an optical connection or an acoustic connection.

The control device is preferably operatively connected to the at least one sensor in order to determine the at least one operating parameter. The operative connection with the at least one sensor is preferably established via at least one cable or wirelessly, in particular via a radio network, an optical connection or an acoustic connection.

The at least one operating parameter is preferably selected from the group defined above for this purpose.

The base body preferably has a pressure valve. This makes it possible to check for leakage in the base body by applying overpressure.

With the aid of the at least one sensor and in particular the control device, it is possible to detect and control the required wave reduction.

In particular, the general system condition (draft, freeboard, wave height, wave damping, heel, trim) can be measured and automatically recorded if necessary.

The at least one sensor is preferably at a frequency of at least 1 measurement per Hour, preferably of at least 10 measurements per hour, preferably of at least 1 measurement per minute, preferably of at least 1 measurement per second, preferably of at least 10 measurements per second, preferably up to at most 100 measurements per second, preferably up to at most 1000 measurements per second, queried. This applies in particular to a sensor designed as an ultrasonic sensor.

The object is also achieved by creating a hydraulic engineering arrangement which has at least one floating body according to the invention or at least one floating body according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above. In connection with the hydraulic engineering arrangement, there are in particular the advantages that have already been explained in connection with the floating bodies.

The hydraulic engineering arrangement preferably has at least two floating bodies. The at least two floating bodies are designed like one of the floating bodies according to the invention or a previously described exemplary embodiment of a floating body. Each floating body of the hydraulic engineering arrangement is preferably designed like one of the floating bodies according to the invention or a previously described exemplary embodiment of a floating body. The floating bodies are preferably mechanically connected to one another, in particular fastened to one another.

In particular, the hydraulic engineering arrangement has a modular structure, with the floating bodies being able to be arranged, offset and / or relocated as required. Furthermore, the hydraulic engineering arrangement can be scaled by varying the number of floating bodies. The hydraulic engineering arrangement can be easily assembled on site. The individual floating bodies can be easily transported to their destination, in particular without costly heavy-duty transport, in particular because the needs-based loading with a filler material can take place in the floating state at the intended place of use in the water. The construction preferably consists of easily available, easily serviceable and usable standard components, preferably steel tanks, steel boilers or steel pipes.

If the main body of the float is made entirely of steel, it can be 100% recycled.

The round construction of the floats with an eccentric center of gravity enables them to stand up independently in the starting position.

In particular, the hydraulic engineering arrangement can be individually adapted to the length of the bank.

According to a development of the invention it is provided that the floating bodies are lined up next to one another along a longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction is in particular a longitudinal direction of the hydraulic engineering arrangement and / or a longitudinal direction of the individual floating bodies. In particular, the longitudinal direction is preferably a direction of the longest extent, in particular a direction of the longest extent of the hydraulic engineering arrangement and / or a direction of the longest extent of the individual floating bodies. The floating bodies are preferably arranged in a line. This represents a particularly practicable embodiment of the hydraulic engineering arrangement. Alternatively or additionally, the floating bodies are preferably arranged offset from one another, in particular offset from one another perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, preferably with an overlap to one another. This advantageously increases the stability of the hydraulic engineering arrangement, in particular because the individual floating bodies can support one another. The hydraulic engineering arrangement is therefore particularly stable and / or low-heeling.

Particularly when the hydraulic engineering arrangement has more than two floating bodies, both selected floating bodies can be arranged in a line with one another and at the same time other selected floating bodies can be arranged offset from one another, preferably overlapping. This configuration can be adapted locally to the prevailing conditions and / or requirements.

Where two floating bodies of the at least two floating bodies overlap with one another, they are preferably spaced apart from one another by friction elements, in particular friction sticks. In this way, direct contact of the floating bodies with one another is avoided, the friction is reduced by the friction elements, and the friction elements also serve as stop buffers and damping elements. Such friction elements can be made of wood, but also of plastic or another suitable material.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the hydraulic engineering arrangement is arranged in a body of water, the at least one floating body being fixed, preferably anchored, in the body of water with lines, ropes, chains and / or ship anchors. Secure anchoring leads in particular to secure positioning in the water. The at least one floating body is preferably anchored in the body of water by anchor lines with chain feed. In this way, in particular, optimal positioning in the water is possible, especially since anchor lines provided for this purpose are attached due to the design different water levels in the water can be adjusted, in particular by using suitable cleats on the floats. The connecting and slinging means, in particular the lines, ropes and / or chains, are preferably variable in length.

A force transducer for determining a holding force acting on a fastening point, in particular a cleat, of a floating body is preferably assigned to at least one line, a rope and / or a chain, hereinafter generally referred to as “mooring”. In a particularly preferred embodiment, such a force transducer is assigned to each mooring of the hydraulic engineering arrangement. This advantageously enables static and / or dynamic forces that act on the hydraulic engineering structure to be determined. In particular, a differential evaluation of forces recorded on different force transducers enables an assessment of the current operating situation of the hydraulic engineering arrangement and preferably a variation of the fill levels of the floating bodies that is adapted to or dependent thereon.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the hydraulic engineering arrangement is assigned a global control device which is set up to individually change the fill levels of the individual floating bodies. In particular, these can be adapted independently of one another in order to optimize the behavior of the hydraulic engineering arrangement, in particular the reduction in the wave height, overall. For this purpose, operating parameters recorded by several sensors are particularly preferably jointly evaluated and, in particular, compared with one another. A sensor fusion is particularly preferably carried out. Depending on the recorded plurality of operating parameters and in particular the comparison of a plurality of operating parameters with one another, the fill levels for the individual floating bodies are then set individually.

According to a further development of the invention it is provided that the floating bodies are at least partially filled with a filler material. In particular, the hollow base bodies, in particular the filling spaces of the hollow base bodies, are at least partially filled with the filler material. In particular, this determines the draft and at the same time the freeboard of the floating bodies. The filler material is preferably selected from a group consisting of: water, sand, stones, and a buoyant material, in particular expanded or extruded polystyrene, in particular styrofoam. Water from the body of water in which the hydraulic engineering arrangement is arranged is particularly preferably used as the filler material. It is possible for the floating bodies, in particular the hollow base bodies, in particular the filling spaces of the hollow base bodies, to be completely filled with the filler material. A buoyant material is in particular a material whose density is lower than the density of water. The use of a filler material, the density of which is lower than the density of water, has the advantage that the float does not sink or only sinks after a delay in the event of a leak. This increases the protection of the float in the event of leaks.

The object is also achieved in that a method for arranging a floating body according to the invention or a floating body according to one of the embodiments described above in a body of water is created, the method having the following steps: The floating body is brought into the body of water, and a filler material is in the hollow main body of the floating body, in particular in the filling space, is introduced when the floating body is arranged in the body of water. The float can thus in particular be partially filled or, in a particularly preferred embodiment, be brought empty into the body of water. Ballasting of the float advantageously only takes place in the body of water. Use in shallow waters and harbors is thus also possible without the need for a particular water depth, in particular for introducing the floating body into the water. The float can also be filled depending on the location and / or needs, so that the draft can be varied. This means that it can also be used in very shallow waters. In particular, swimming stability - even without filling for the empty floating body - is guaranteed for installation conditions with low wave heights. In particular, the float can also be flooded and / or drained on flat banks. The swimming stability of the float for states of use, in particular for a projected maximum wave height, is preferably achieved at the location, in particular by filling, in particular by flooding, for example with water.

The floating body can, however, also be filled with other materials, in particular sand or stones, or also with floatable materials, and thus ballasted.

The method is preferably also a method for setting up a hydraulic engineering arrangement, in particular by bringing a plurality of floating bodies into the water, the floating bodies being at least partially filled with filler material when the floating bodies are arranged in the water, the floating bodies being mechanically connected to one another, in particular are attached to each other, preferably when they are introduced into the body of water. Thus can the hydraulic engineering arrangement can be erected very quickly and flexibly.

The object is also achieved by creating a method for operating a floating body according to the invention or a floating body according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above, wherein a filling level of the floating body, in particular a filling level of the hollow base body, in particular a filling level of a filler material in the filling space of the hollow base body , is set as a function of at least one operating parameter of the float. The level is preferably controlled or regulated. The at least one operating parameter is preferably selected from the group defined above for this purpose. Thus, in particular, the draft and the freeboard of the float can be set as a function of the location and / or as a function of requirements.

According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that a freeboard of the floating body is set to at least a predetermined minimum revision value by means of the filling level changing device in order to carry out revision work on the floating body. It is thus possible to maintain the float and thus at the same time the hydraulic engineering arrangement on site, even during use. In particular, a predetermined minimum revision value for the freeboard is required in order to step on the float, in particular prescribed by law or by a trade association, which can then be set accordingly by means of the fill level change device for carrying out the revision or maintenance work in order to enable maintenance personnel to safely step onto the float. After the maintenance / revision has been completed, the fill level can then be changed again by means of the fill level changing device in order to adapt the draft and / or freeboard of the float as required with regard to a current operating state of the float, preferably the hydraulic engineering arrangement.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung in Querschnittsansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Schwimmkörpers für den Einsatz als Wasserbauelement, insbesondere als Wellenbrecher;
• 2 den Schwimmkörper gemäß 1 in schematischer Draufsicht;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Wasserbauanordnung mit mindestens zwei Schwimmkörpern in Draufsicht;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung weiterer Ausführungsbeispiele von Wasserbauanordnungen;
• 5 eine schematische Querschnittsansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Wasserbauanordnung, und
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung eines Funktionsprinzips eines Ausführungsbeispiels des Schwimmkörpers.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show:

• 1 a schematic representation in cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a floating body for use as a hydraulic construction element, in particular as a breakwater;
• 2 the float according to 1 in a schematic plan view;
• 3 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hydraulic engineering arrangement with at least two floating bodies in plan view;
• 4th a schematic representation of further exemplary embodiments of hydraulic engineering arrangements;
• 5 a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a hydraulic engineering arrangement, and
• 6th a schematic representation of a functional principle of an embodiment of the floating body.

1 shows a schematic illustration, in particular a schematic cross-sectional illustration, of an exemplary embodiment of a floating body 1 for use as a hydraulic engineering element. The float 1 is designed in particular as a floating breakwater. It has a hollow base body 3 with a round cross-section, which is circular in the exemplary embodiment shown here. The base body 3 is made of steel. Due to the round cross-sectional shape, the float has 1 particularly favorable damping properties for waves. Furthermore, it can be produced easily and inexpensively, in particular due to the choice of steel as the material for the base body 3. Since the base body 3 is hollow, the floating body is 1 Easily and inexpensively transportable and can be used in a variety of ways, in particular can also be introduced into a body of water in shallow bank areas, and can also be used in shallow waters.

Fastening elements are attached to the base body 3 5 arranged, preferably cleats, via which the base body 3 can be moored, in particular anchored. In a preferred embodiment, anchor lines are used for this purpose 7th provided, which are preferably each with an in 2 illustrated anchor 9 are connected.

The base body 3 is designed to be closed on all sides and encloses a filling space 11.

The base body 3 is preferably made of steel. The base body is particularly preferably formed from a steel tank, a steel boiler or a steel pipe. In this way, simple and inexpensive standard or norm parts for the production of the floating body 1 be used. In addition, the base body 3 made of steel is 100% recyclable.

In the embodiment shown here, an eccentric weight is attached to the base body 3 13th arranged, in a preferred embodiment below a center of gravity or hydrostatic lift point of the base body 3. This can therefore be automatic after tilting Align it back to its starting position. Alternatively, it is possible that the eccentric weight 13th is arranged in the base body 3. Alternatively, it is possible that the eccentric weight 13th is formed in or on the base body 3, for example in the form of a wall thickening.

In the embodiment shown here, the floating body 1 a controllable fill level changing device 15 which is set up to measure a fill level of a filler material 17th to change in the hollow base body 3, in particular in the filling space 11, when the filling level changing device 15 is activated. As a filler material 17th In a preferred embodiment, water is used, in particular water from a body of water 19 in which the floating body 1 is arranged. Alternatively, however, it is also possible that the filler material 17th Sand, stones, a buoyant material such as extruded or expanded polystyrene, or another suitable material is used.

In the embodiment shown here, the level changing device 15 has at least one pump 21, in 1 two pumps 21 for conveying a fluid medium as filler material 17th into the base body 3 and / or out of the base body 3. Here, a first pump of the two pumps 21 is set up as a filling pump 21.1 for flooding the filling space 11, and a second pump of the two pumps 21 is set up as a bilge pump 21.2 for draining the base body 3. The pumps 21 are designed as submersible pumps which, as intended, are below a fill level 23 of the filler material 17th can be arranged or are arranged. The filling pump 21.1 is assigned a filling line 25 which is arranged below a water level 27 of the body of water 19 in order to convey water from the body of water 19 into the filling space 11. The bilge pump 21.2 is assigned a bilge line 29 which is arranged above the water level 27 in order to convey water from the filling space 11 into the body of water 19.

The float 1 also has at least one sensor 31, here a plurality of sensors 31 for detecting at least one operating parameter of the floating body 1 on, namely on both sides of the base body 3 each have a water level sensor 33 for determining a respective water level, that is to say the current height of the water level 27 relative to the floating body 1 on the respective side, especially on the seaside and landside. The water level sensors 33 are preferably designed as ultrasonic sensors. A difference in water levels between the two sides which are in the transverse direction of the floating body is preferably derived from a difference in the water levels determined by the water level sensors 33 1 opposite, determinable. In addition, the float has 1 Force transducer 35, each with an anchor line 7th such a force transducer 35 is assigned to each at the attachment point of the respective anchor line 7th on the float 1 , in particular on the associated fastening element 5 to determine the applied holding force. In particular by means of the force transducers 35, a momentary buoyancy of the floating body is preferred 1 determinable. In addition, the float has 1 a preferably electric or electronic level 37 on, by means of which preferably both a longitudinal inclination and a transverse inclination of the float 1 can be determined. In addition, the float has 1 a level sensor 39 which is set up to measure the level 23 of the filling material 17th to be determined in the filling space 11. The fill level sensor 39 is preferably designed as an ultrasonic sensor.

The float 1 is preferably assigned a control device 41, which is operatively connected on the one hand in a manner not shown with the sensors 31 and on the other hand in a manner also not shown with the level changing device 15 and is set up to at least one operating parameter of the float 1 to determine, in particular by means of at least one of the sensors 31, and to control the level changing device 15 as a function of the at least one determined operating parameter.

By varying the fill level 23 of the filler material 17th it is possible to have both the draft and the freeboard of the float at the same time 1 to change.

2 shows a schematic representation of the float 1 in the water 19 in plan view. Identical and functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures, so that reference is made to the preceding description in each case.

Based on 2 it becomes clear that even a single float 1 can be arranged as a hydraulic engineering arrangement in the body of water 19.

Furthermore, the 1 and 2 In summary, it is clear that the base body 3 is preferably designed as a cylinder, in particular as a circular cylinder, or in the shape of a kettle and is intended for lying in the water of the body of water 19. A longitudinal axis L of the base body 3 extends in 2 in the horizontal direction. The transverse direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L and extends in 2 in the vertical direction, which is not explicitly shown. A vertical direction of the float 1 extends in 1 in the vertical direction and stands in 2 perpendicular to the image plane. Insofar as the terms “above” and “below” are used in connection with the present invention, this relates to the intended position of the float 1 in the body of water 19, as in 1 is shown, where in particular "above" means geodetically above and "below" means geodetically below.

3 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a hydraulic engineering arrangement 43 with at least two floats 1 , here three floats as an example 1 . The floats 1 are mechanically connected to one another, in particular fastened to one another, in which case they are in particular via the anchor lines 7th are connected to each other. The hydraulic engineering order 43 is arranged in the body of water 19 in front of a bank 45. It serves in particular to protect the bank 45, in particular to protect against erosion. The floats 1 are here along a longitudinal direction of the hydraulic engineering structure 43 that with the longitudinal direction of the float 1 coincide, lined up next to one another - in particular parallel to the bank 45, wherein they are arranged offset from one another - perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

It is still shown that in the floats 1 , in particular in their main bodies 3 each bulkhead 47 , here specifically transverse bulkheads, are arranged to allow the floating body to rock 1 to reduce or prevent. The floats 1 , in particular their base body 3, can also each have at least one longitudinal partition, which is shown in FIG 3 is not shown.

4th shows a schematic representation of two further exemplary embodiments of a hydraulic engineering arrangement 43 . In a) there is a hydraulic engineering arrangement 43 shown in which the float 1 are lined up next to one another along the longitudinal direction and arranged offset to one another and overlapping one another. In a preferred embodiment, friction elements 49, in particular friction sticks, are arranged in each of the overlapping areas.

In 4a) a section plane AA is marked, which in 5 is shown.

At b) is an exemplary embodiment of the hydraulic engineering arrangement 43 shown in which the float 1 are lined up side by side along the longitudinal direction and arranged in a line.

5 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of the hydraulic engineering arrangement 43 in the geometric configuration according to 4a) , that is, when the floating bodies are staggered 1 , wherein the cutting plane is arranged approximately at the height indicated in 4a) is denoted by AA. In 5 in particular the friction element 49, preferably friction wood, shown, which in the overlap area between the floating bodies 1 is arranged.

In addition, in 5 shown that the hydraulic engineering arrangement 43 by means of the anchor lines 7th as well as the anchor 9 , preferably each with a leading anchor chain 50, in which the body of water 19 is fixed, in particular anchored. In particular are the anchors 9 anchored here in a body of water 51.

6th shows a schematic representation of a mode of operation of the floating body 1 . It is shown here that the body of water 19, starting from the bank 45, is very flat and with increasing distance from the bank 45 - in 6th to the right - becomes deeper. At A, B and C is the float 1 each with a different fill level 23 of the filler material 17th shown, where it is completely emptied at A. At the same time there is a draft T and a freeboard F of the float 1 for the various filling levels 23 shown. It becomes clear that the draft T increases with an increasing fill level 23 and thus also with an increasing amount of the filler material arranged in the fill space 11 17th increases, with the freeboard F decreasing at the same time.

The float 1 can now be introduced into the body of water 19, especially in a completely emptied state, even at very shallow places, and then in particular depending on its place of use, in particular the water depth at the place of use, and / or depending on the current operating conditions, in particular a momentary one Swell, with the filler material 17th be filled with different levels 23.

In particular, the filling level 23 during operation of the floating body 1 can be varied depending on the current operating conditions.

A method of placing the float 1 in the body of water 19 preferably provides that the especially empty floating body 1 is brought into the body of water 19, the filler material 17th into the hollow body 3 of the float 1 is introduced when the float 1 is arranged in the body of water 19.

A method of operating the float 1 preferably provides that the level 23 of the floating body 1 as a function of at least one operating parameter of the float 1 is set.

In a preferred embodiment, the freeboard F is the floating body 1 adjusted by means of the filling level changing device 15 to at least a predetermined minimum revision value in order to carry out revision work on the floating body 1 perform.

1

sowie der Wasserbauanordnung

43,

insbesondere der Schwimmkörper

1

in Kombination mit den Befestigungselementen

5,

den Ankerleinen

7,

dem Exzentergewicht

13

und dem Füllmaterial

17,

bewirkt eine gute Dämpfung, so dass seeseitige Wellen in der Wellenhöhe landseitig erheblich gedämpft werden.

In particular, the overall construction of the float

1

as well as the hydraulic engineering order

43,

especially the float

1

in combination with the fastening elements

5,

the anchor lines

7,

the eccentric weight

13th

and the filler material

17,

causes good damping, so that sea-side waves are considerably dampened in the wave height on the land side.

Claims (18)

Floating body (1) for use as a hydraulic structural element, in particular as a breakwater, the floating body (1) having a hollow base body (3) with a round cross-section, and the base body (3) being made of steel. Float (1) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the floating body (1) has a controllable fill level changing device (15) which is set up to change a fill level (23) of a filler material (17) in the hollow base body (3) when the fill level changing device (15) is activated becomes. Floating body (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (3) is designed to be closed, the base body (3) preferably enclosing a filling space (11). Floating body (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (3) consists of steel. Floating body (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (3) is formed from a steel tank, a steel tank or a steel pipe. Floating body (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an eccentric weight (13) is arranged or formed on or in the base body (3). Floating body (1) for use as a hydraulic structural element, in particular as a breakwater, the floating body (1) having a hollow base body (3), the floating body (1) having a controllable level changing device (15) which is set up to increase a level ( 23) of a filler material (17) in the hollow base body (3) when the level changing device (15) is activated. Floating body (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 7th , characterized in that the level changing device (15) has at least one pump (21) for conveying a fluid medium into the base body (3) and / or out of the base body (3). Floating body (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 8th , characterized in that the floating body (1) has at least one sensor (31) for detecting at least one operating parameter of the floating body (1), wherein the at least one operating parameter is preferably selected from a group consisting of: a water level on at least one side the float (1); a differential water level between the water levels on two sides of the floating body (1); a holding force acting on a fastening point of the floating body (1); a longitudinal inclination of the floating body (1); a transverse inclination of the floating body (1); a momentary buoyancy of the float (1); a draft and / or freeboard of the floating body (1); and a fill level (23). Floating body (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 9 , characterized in that the at least one sensor (31) is selected from a group consisting of: an ultrasonic sensor; an electronic or electric level; and a force transducer. Floating body (1) according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 10 , characterized in that a control device (41) is assigned to the floating body (1), the control device (41) being operatively connected to the filling level changing device (15) and being set up to determine at least one operating parameter of the floating body (1) and the filling level changing device ( 15) to be controlled as a function of the at least one determined operating parameter. Hydraulic engineering arrangement (43), with at least one floating body (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 . Hydraulic engineering order (43) according to Claim 12 , characterized by at least two floating bodies (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 , in which the floating bodies (1) are preferably mechanically connected to one another, the floating bodies (1) - lined up next to one another in a longitudinal direction, and - arranged in a line and / or offset from one another, preferably overlapping one another. Hydraulic engineering arrangement (43) according to one of the Claims 12 or 13th , characterized in that the hydraulic engineering arrangement (43) is arranged in a body of water (19), the at least one floating body (1) being fixed, preferably anchored, in the body of water (19) with lines, ropes, chains and / or ship anchors. Hydraulic engineering arrangement (43) according to one of the Claims 12 to 14th , characterized in that the at least one floating body (1) is at least partially filled with a filler material (17). Method for arranging a floating body (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 in a body of water (19), with the following steps: - moving the floating body (1) into the body of water (19), and - introducing a filler material (17) into the hollow base body (3) of the floating body (1) when the floating body ( 1) is arranged in the body of water (19). Method for operating a floating body (1) according to one of the Claims 2 to 11 , a fill level (23) of the floating body (1) being set as a function of at least one operating parameter of the floating body (1). Procedure according to Claim 17 , wherein a freeboard (F) of the floating body (1) is set to at least a predetermined minimum revision value by means of the level changing device (15) in order to carry out revision work on the floating body (1).

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