DE102019210068A1 - Sieving device for separating bulk goods, in particular stones and earth - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a screening device for sorting and separating bulk goods, comprising- a screen grate with a plurality of rods that form meshes with one another; - the rods are mounted. The screening device according to the invention is characterized by the following features: at least some of the rods and / or Bearings are designed in such a way that a play setting is formed so that the rods can be freely rotated about their longitudinal axes and / or can be moved to a limited extent in the direction of their longitudinal axes and / or transversely thereto.

Description

The invention relates to a screening device according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular for separating and sorting bulk material for the construction, processing and recycling industries.

Known screening devices have a grate which is formed from a plurality of bars and defines a screen opening as a function of the distance between the bars. The bars are arranged at regular or irregular distances from one another, so that an opening cross-section of the grate can be varied. The grate can have bars that run only in one direction and are arranged parallel to one another, or have additional cross bars that are inclined towards the first-mentioned bars, for example run transversely thereto.

In screening devices of the type mentioned, the aim is to separate and sort the bulk material, which has coarse and fine components, in that the fine components pass through the openings in the grate and the coarse components remain on the grate. The screening of bulk material is advantageously carried out in that vibrations are exerted on the screening device or the grate, whereby the screening efficiency is also improved.

DE 20 2018 102 352 U1 describes a sieve bucket for earthmoving equipment with one or more struts that are adjustable or removable to vary the opening cross-section of the grate.

DE 20 2014 006 020 U1 describes a screening bucket for earth moving equipment. In order to intensify the screening process, the screen shovel is set in vibration by a motor with an eccentric gear.

FI 119683 B describes a stationary screening device.

Due to a bulk material composition, for example from coarse heavy paving stones together with fine earth, sand or pebbles, deformations and wear occur on the bars over time. Removing the rods is made difficult or impossible because a cross section of the rods at the deformed point does not fit through the cross section of a bearing opening.

The invention is based on the object of designing a sieve device according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the service life, in particular that of the sieve grate and the bars, is extended, that the bars can be exchanged easily and quickly, and that the sieving efficiency is achieved with less equipment is improved.

This object is achieved with a screening device according to claim 1.

• Die Stäbe und/oder die stabtragenden Lager sind derart gestaltet, dass wenigstens einige der Stäbe um ihre Längsachse drehbar und/oder in Richtung ihrer Längsachsen und/oder quer hierzu begrenzt bewegbar sind. Ganz entscheidend ist hierbei die freie Verdrehbarkeit des einzelnen Stabes um seine eigene Längsachse. Dabei hat das betreffende Lager eine derart große lichte Weite im Verhältnis zum Durchmesser des vom Lager getragenen Endes des Stabes, dass der Stab während des Betriebes Auslenkungen quer zur seiner Längsachse ausführen kann. Man kann somit von einer schlackernden Lagerung sprechen. Eine Beweglichkeit des Stabes in Richtung seiner Längsachse oder quer hierzu kann hinzukommen. Der einzelne Stab verfügt somit über jegliche denkbaren Freiheitsgrade.

The decisive feature according to the invention consists of the following:

• The rods and / or the rod-carrying bearings are designed such that at least some of the rods are rotatable about their longitudinal axis and / or can be moved to a limited extent in the direction of their longitudinal axes and / or transversely thereto. The decisive factor here is the ability to rotate the individual rod freely around its own longitudinal axis. The bearing in question has such a large inside width in relation to the diameter of the end of the rod carried by the bearing that the rod can deflect transversely to its longitudinal axis during operation. One can therefore speak of a slagging storage. A mobility of the rod in the direction of its longitudinal axis or transversely thereto can be added. The individual rod thus has every conceivable degree of freedom.

When the screening device is in operation, bulk material slides over the bars of the screen grate in the usual manner, since the screen grate is inclined during operation in such a way that the bulk material slides from an upper feed point to a lower feed point. Since the bars are loosely and thus freely rotatable, they are set in rotation by the bulk material. Since the bulk material particles are of different sizes and weights, the impact of the particles on the rods is also of different intensity. There is thus an up and down of the individual bar. Important: The up and down movement can be intensified by providing elastic bearings. This means the following: If a bulk material particle hits a rod, the spring assigned to the bearing is compressed according to the weight of the impacting particle. Since the following particle is or can be of less weight, the spring is relieved again, so that the rod concerned undertakes an upward movement. The sorting process is thus intensified.

In contrast to known screening devices, the rods perform revolutions during the screening process as they are carried along by the bulk material. These can be continuous due to the different nature of the bulk material. In general the rotation will be rather jerky. In contrast to the rods of known screening devices, the impact of the bulk material takes place on the entire surface of the rod, but not only on a single area of the surface. The wear per unit area is therefore lower than with State of the art, resulting in longer rod life.

The intensified forcing of the sieving process according to the invention makes it possible to dispense with special vibrators. Because of the design of the sieve device, it generates the necessary vibration itself. Thus, the screening device according to the invention is inexpensive to manufacture compared to competitor devices.

Finally, the individual rod can be easily pulled out of its bearings even if it is deformed or excessively worn, as the mounting holes of the bearings are dimensioned wide, so that there are no problems even with severely deformed, bent rods.

The fact that the screening efficiency is increased in a screening device according to the invention compared to the prior art is evident from what has been said above.

A fit between the rod and a bore in which the rod is fixed or supported is advantageously designed as a radial clearance fit. The clearance fit enables the rods to rotate even without ball bearings. In addition, the rods could perform two-dimensional movements in the radial direction of the bore, for example a reciprocating and / or circular movement.

The rods can be mounted in two beams, one beam at each end of the rods. The bars have bearings for storing the bars. The rod ends and the associated bearings form a clearance fit.

By means of the clearance fits, it is possible to replace deformed rods without any problems without the rods becoming wedged. The clearance fit is designed in such a way that the rods have a significantly smaller cross section than the openings, for example a diameter ratio of 60 mm to 72 mm. In general, the diameter ratio can be 1: 1.1 to 1: 3.

The rods are preferably cylindrical. However, it can be provided that a cross section of the rods is circular only in the area of the support points, and the rods in the remaining areas are non-circular in cross section, e.g.

The design of the shape of the carrier can also be different. In a side view, for example, it can run in a straight line, parabolic and / or arcuate shape. In a side view, the shape of the sieve grate essentially corresponds to the respective contour of the carrier.

In addition, it is conceivable to build in cross bars which have an oval, circular or rectangular shape in cross section and which extend along the sieve grate transversely to the bars. The cross bars strengthen the bars against sagging and at the same time define one dimension of the opening cross section of the sieve grate.

As a use or application of the described screening device, it can be installed in particular in a grid, sorting or screening bucket for excavators or construction machines. Said spoon has an essentially bulbous bottom which forms the sieve grate, is laterally bounded by two supports and has a shovel on a front side. A fastening system is arranged at a rear edge in order to fasten the bucket to an arm of the excavator.

Metal such as cast iron or stainless steel is conceivable as the material of the sieve device and the spoon.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Löffels mit einer Siebvorrichtung;
• 2 eine Schnittdarstellung eines Lagers aus dem eine Spielpassung ersichtlich ist;

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The following is shown in detail:

• 1 a perspective view of a spoon with a sieve device;
• 2 a sectional view of a bearing from which a clearance fit can be seen;

In the 1 Shovel shown can be part of an excavator or a construction machine. The shovel includes a grate 1 with a plurality of bars 2 , which in turn form sieve meshes with one another. The bars 2 are within a frame 3 arranged. frame 3 includes in the area of the ends of the rods 2 one side carrier each 4th , 5 as well as a middle carrier 6th . All porters have bearings 7th , 8th , 9 on, namely contain the two side (outer) supports 4th , 5 warehouse 7th respectively 8th , and the middle beam 6th contains stock 9 . The middle carrier 6th can be omitted. The two outer supports can also 4th , 5 omitted, so only the middle carrier 6th remains.

The bars 2 will generally be made from solid steel of special quality. They can also be designed as sleeves, especially with large diameters and thus high moments of resistance.

2 reveals an essential feature of the invention: the end area of a rod 2 is in a warehouse 9 of the one outer carrier 5 stored. This is a clearance fit, whereby the clear width of the bearing 9 relative to the diameter of the rod 2 is extremely large.

As shown schematically, the storage is designed such that the rod 2 can rotate freely around its own longitudinal axis - see A, that rod 2 can continue to move perpendicular to its longitudinal axis - see B, and that it can ultimately move in the direction of its longitudinal axis - see C.

warehouse 9 is with a cap 10 covered. This can be opened so that rod 2 through the camp 9 can be led out through it. When presented according to 1 is cap 10 designed so that it extends across multiple camps.

List of reference symbols

1

Screen grate

2

Rod

3

frame

4, 5

side straps

6th

medium carrier

7, 8, 9

warehouse

10

cap

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 202018102352 U1 [0004]
• DE 202014006020 U1 [0005]
• FI 119683 B [0006]

Claims (8)

Sieving device for sorting and separating bulk material, comprising 1.1 a sieve grate (1) with a plurality of bars (2) which form sieve meshes with one another; 1.2 the bars (2) are stored; characterized by the following features: 1.3 at least some of the rods (2) are mounted in such a way that a play fit is formed, so that a slagging support is created and the rods (2) can be freely rotated about their longitudinal axes and / or in the direction of their longitudinal axes and / or are movable transversely to a limited extent. Sieve device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the clearance of the bearing is at least 1.05 times the diameter of the rod. Sieve device according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that this is a grid, sorting or screening bucket of an excavator or a construction vehicle. Sieve device according to one of the Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the bars (2) are carried by a frame (3) comprising supports (4, 5, 6) containing the bearings (7, 8, 9) and that the supports (4, 5 , 6) are located at the end regions of the rods (2) or between them. Sieve device according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the bearings (7, 8, 9) contain through bores in the carriers (4, 5, 6), that the clear width of a through bore is greater than the diameter of the rod (2) concerned, and that a fuse ( 10) is provided to limit the displacement of the rod (2) in its longitudinal direction. Sieve device according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that at least one rod (2) has a cross-sectional shape which deviates from the round cross-sectional shape at least over a length section outside the area of its bearings (7, 8, 9). Sieve device according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , characterized in that at least some of the bearings (7, 8, 9) of the rods (2) are spring-loaded. Sieve device according to one of the Claims 1 to 7th , characterized in that the sieve grate (1) has a curved course in the direction of movement of the bulk material.

Images