DE102019209767A1 - Method for parking a fuel cell device, fuel cell device and motor vehicle - Google Patents
Method for parking a fuel cell device, fuel cell device and motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- DE102019209767A1 DE102019209767A1 DE102019209767.7A DE102019209767A DE102019209767A1 DE 102019209767 A1 DE102019209767 A1 DE 102019209767A1 DE 102019209767 A DE102019209767 A DE 102019209767A DE 102019209767 A1 DE102019209767 A1 DE 102019209767A1
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- fuel cell
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/31—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abstellen einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit einem eine Anodenrezirkulationsleitung (5) einschließlich eines Purgeventils (6) aufweisenden Brennstoffzellenstapel (2), bei zu erwartenden Froststartbedingungen für einen Neustart, umfassend die Schritte der Initiierung der Abschaltprozedur durch einen Wechsel aus einem auf die Gewinnung elektrischer Energie gerichteten Produktionsmodus in einen auf die zumindest anodenseitige Trocknung des Brennstoffzellenstapels (2) gerichteten Leerlaufmodus, in dem beim fortgesetzten Betrieb der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung (1) die Stickstoffkonzentration anodenseitig bis über einen Grenzwert erhöht und nach dem Überschreiten des Grenzwertes mit dem mit Stickstoff angereicherten Anodengas ein Spülvorgang zum Austreiben flüssigen Wassers durchgeführt wird. Nach dem Austreiben des flüssigen Wassers wird der Leerlaufmodus und damit die Abschaltprozedur für das endgültige Abschalten beendet. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung (2) sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to a method for shutting down a fuel cell device with a fuel cell stack (2) having an anode recirculation line (5) including a purge valve (6), when frost start conditions are expected for a restart, comprising the steps of initiating the shutdown procedure by changing from one to the Generation of electrical energy directed production mode in an idle mode directed towards the drying of the fuel cell stack (2) at least on the anode side, in which during continued operation of the fuel cell device (1) the nitrogen concentration on the anode side increases to above a limit value and after the limit value is exceeded with the nitrogen-enriched anode gas a flushing operation to drive off liquid water is performed. After the liquid water has been driven out, the idle mode and thus the shutdown procedure for the final shutdown are ended. The invention also relates to a fuel cell device (2) and a motor vehicle.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abstellen einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit einem eine Anodenrezirkulationsleitung einschließlich eines Purgeventils aufweisenden Brennstoffzellenstapel, bei zu erwartenden Froststartbedingungen für einen Neustart. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to a method for shutting down a fuel cell device with a fuel cell stack having an anode recirculation line including a purge valve, when frost start conditions are expected for a restart. The invention also relates to a fuel cell device and a motor vehicle.
Brennstoffzellenvorrichtungen, insbesondere wenn sie in Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, können wechselnden Umweltbedingungen ausgesetzt sein, die auch das Vorliegen von Froststartbedingungen einschließen, also die Gefahr bieten, dass bei einem Neustart einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung Eisblockaden eine ausreichende Versorgung der Brennstoffzellen mit Reaktanten behindern oder sogar verhindern. Um diesem Problem zu begegnen ist es bekannt, die Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung beim Abschalten ausreichend zu trocknen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Trocknung der Anodenstrecke, da dort vorliegende Eisblockaden zu einer Wasserstoffverarmung an den Elektroden und einer irreversiblen Degradation führen können.Fuel cell devices, especially if they are used in motor vehicles, can be exposed to changing environmental conditions, which also include the existence of frost start conditions, i.e. the risk that when a fuel cell device is restarted, ice blockages impede or even prevent an adequate supply of the fuel cells with reactants. In order to counter this problem, it is known to dry the fuel cell device sufficiently when it is switched off. One focus is on drying the anode section, since ice blockages there can lead to hydrogen depletion on the electrodes and irreversible degradation.
In der
Die
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, den Abschaltvorgang einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung bei zu erwartenden Froststartbedingungen bei einem Neustart zu verbessern und die dafür erforderlichen apparativen Voraussetzungen zu schaffen.The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the shutdown process of a fuel cell device when frost start conditions are to be expected during a restart and to create the necessary equipment requirements.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, durch eine Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 und durch ein Kraftfahrzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen mit zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a method with the features of
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abstellen einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung mit einem eine Anodengasrezirkulationsleitung einschließlich eines Purgeventils aufweisenden Brennstoffzellenstapel zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass bei zu erwartenden Froststartbedingungen für einen Neustart, eine Initiierung einer Abschaltprozedur durch einen Wechsel aus einem auf die Gewinnung elektrischer Energie gerichteten Produktionsmodus in einen auf die zumindest anodenseitige Trocknung des Brennstoffzellenstapels gerichteten Leerlaufmodus erfolgt, in dem beim fortgesetzten Betrieb der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung die Stickstoffkonzentration anodenseitig bis über einen Grenzwert erhöht und nach dem Überschreiten des Grenzwertes mit dem mit Stickstoff angereicherten Anodengas ein Spülvorgang zum Austreiben flüssigen Wassers durchgeführt wird. Desweiteren wird nach dem Austreiben des flüssigen Wassers der Leerlaufmodus und damit die Abschaltprozedur für das endgültige Abschalten beendet. Die Anreicherung des Anodengases mit Stickstoff bewirkt eine Erhöhung der Viskosität mit einer verbesserten Eignung, Flüssigwasser auszutreiben, so dass die Trocknung schneller bewirkt werden kann.The method according to the invention for shutting down a fuel cell device with a fuel cell stack having an anode gas recirculation line including a purge valve is characterized in that when frost start conditions are to be expected for a restart, a shutdown procedure is initiated by switching from a production mode aimed at generating electrical energy to a production mode At least the anode-side drying of the fuel cell stack is directed idling mode, in which the nitrogen concentration on the anode side is increased to above a limit value during continued operation of the fuel cell device and after the limit value is exceeded with the nitrogen-enriched anode gas, a flushing process to expel liquid water is carried out. Furthermore, after the liquid water has been driven off, the idle mode and thus the shutdown procedure for the final shutdown are ended. The enrichment of the anode gas with nitrogen causes an increase in the viscosity with an improved ability to drive off liquid water, so that drying can be effected more quickly.
Bevorzugt ist dabei, wenn im Leerlaufmodus die Stickstoffkonzentration durch ein das Geschlossenhalten des Purgeventils umfassendes Purgeverbot erhöht wird, wobei die Möglichkeit besteht, bei unzureichender Trocknung, dass die anodenseitige Akkumulation von Stickstoff bis zum Überschreiten des Grenzwertes und der daran anschließende Spülvorgang mehrfach durchgeführt wird.It is preferred if the nitrogen concentration is increased in the idle mode by a purge prohibition that includes keeping the purge valve closed, with the possibility, in the event of insufficient drying, that the anode-side accumulation of nitrogen until the limit value is exceeded and the subsequent rinsing process is carried out several times.
Einem verbesserten Austrag von Flüssigwasser dient auch, dass der anodenseitige Druck erhöht wird.An improved discharge of liquid water is also achieved by increasing the pressure on the anode side.
Alternativ oder auch ergänzend besteht die Möglichkeit, eine erhöhte Diffusion von Stickstoff durch die Membran zu fördern und so die Stickstoffkonzentration schneller ansteigen zu lassen, indem kathodenseitig der Luftdruck erhöht wird.Alternatively or in addition, there is the possibility of promoting an increased diffusion of nitrogen through the membrane and thus allowing the nitrogen concentration to rise more quickly by increasing the air pressure on the cathode side.
Die Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung zur Durchführung der vorstehend genannten Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass ein Steuergerät zum prädiktiven Festlegen der Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Neustarts unter Froststartbedingungen vorgesehen ist, das bei Überschreiten eines Grenzwertes für die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Froststartes die Abschaltprozedur initiiert und das Purgeventil für die Stickstoffanreicherung geschlossen hält. Diese Steuergerät kann dabei auch durch das Steuergerät für die Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung gebildet sein.The fuel cell device for carrying out the above-mentioned method is characterized in that a control device is provided for predictively determining the probability of a restart under frost start conditions, which initiates the shutdown procedure when a limit value for the probability of a frost start is exceeded and keeps the purge valve for nitrogen enrichment closed. This control device can also be formed by the control device for the fuel cell device.
Bei einem Kraftfahrzeug mit einer derartigen Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung ist die Alltagstauglichkeit und damit die Nutzerfreundlichkeit erhöht, da der Abschaltvorgang optimiert ist und so die Vorbereitung auf Froststartbedingungen vereinfacht ist.In the case of a motor vehicle with such a fuel cell device, the suitability for everyday use and thus the user-friendliness are increased since the shutdown process is optimized and the preparation for frost start conditions is simplified.
Die vorstehend in der Beschreibung genannten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sowie die nachfolgend in der Figurenbeschreibung genannten und/oder in den Figuren alleine gezeigten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sind nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen. Es sind somit auch Ausführungen als von der Erfindung umfasst und offenbart anzusehen, die in den Figuren nicht explizit gezeigt oder erläutert sind, jedoch durch separierte Merkmalskombinationen aus den erläuterten Ausführungen hervorgehen und erzeugbar sind.The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description as well as the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respectively specified combination, but also in other combinations or on their own, without the scope of Invention to leave. There are thus also embodiments to be regarded as encompassed and disclosed by the invention, which are not explicitly shown or explained in the figures, but emerge from the explained embodiments and can be generated by separate combinations of features.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen sowie anhand der Zeichnungen. Dabei zeigen:
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1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
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1 a schematic representation of a fuel cell device
Eine Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
Den Anoden und/oder den Kathoden kann zusätzlich ein Katalysator beigemischt sein, wobei die Membranen vorzugsweise auf ihrer ersten Seite und/oder auf ihrer zweiten Seite mit einer Katalysatorschicht aus einem Edelmetall oder aus Gemischen umfassend Edelmetalle wie Platin, Palladium, Ruthenium oder dergleichen beschichtet sind, die als Reaktionsbeschleuniger bei der Reaktion der jeweiligen Brennstoffzelle dienen.A catalyst can also be added to the anodes and / or the cathodes, the membranes preferably being coated on their first side and / or on their second side with a catalyst layer made of a noble metal or of mixtures comprising noble metals such as platinum, palladium, ruthenium or the like , which serve as a reaction accelerator in the reaction of the respective fuel cell.
Über Anodenräume innerhalb des Brennstoffzellenstapels
Sofern beim Starten einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
In
Mit einer derartigen Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
- - Initiierung der Abschaltprozedur durch einen Wechsel aus einem auf die Gewinnung elektrischer Energie gerichteten Produktionsmodus in einen auf die zumindest anodenseitige Trocknung des
Brennstoffzellenstapels 2 gerichteten Leerlaufmodus, in dem beim fortgesetzten Betrieb derBrennstoffzellenvorrichtung 1 die Stickstoffkonzentration anodenseitig bis über einen Grenzwert erhöht wird, - - Durchführen eines Spülvorganges nach dem Überschreiten des Grenzwertes mit dem mit Stickstoff angereicherten Anodengas zum Austreiben flüssigen Wassers, und
- - Beenden des Leerlaufmodus und damit der Abschaltprozedur nach dem Austreiben des flüssigen Wassers für das endgültige Abschalten der
Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung 1 .
- Initiation of the shutdown procedure by changing from a production mode aimed at generating electrical energy to one aimed at drying the fuel cell stack at least on the
anode side 2 directional idle mode in which when the fuel cell device continues to operate1 the nitrogen concentration on the anode side is increased above a limit value, - - Carrying out a flushing process after the limit value has been exceeded with the nitrogen-enriched anode gas to expel liquid water, and
- - Ending the idle mode and thus the shutdown procedure after expelling the liquid water for the final shutdown of the
fuel cell device 1 .
Zur Erhöhung der Stickstoffkonzentration kann dabei ausgenutzt werden, dass unverändert Stickstoff aus der verdichteten Luft als Kathodengas über die Membran zur Anodenseite diffundiert, so dass im Leerlaufmodus ein Purgeverbot erfolgt und das Purgeventil
Die Erhöhung der Stickstoffkonzentration im Anodengas bewirkt eine Steigerung von dessen Viskosität und damit eine Verbesserung der Eignung zum Austreiben von Flüssigwasser. Diese Eignung wird auch verbessert, wenn der anodenseitige Druck erhöht wird und/oder kathodenseitig der Luftdruck erhöht wird.The increase in the nitrogen concentration in the anode gas causes an increase in its viscosity and thus an improvement in its suitability for expelling liquid water. This suitability is also improved if the pressure on the anode side is increased and / or the air pressure is increased on the cathode side.
Für die Durchführung des vorstehenden Verfahrens kann ein Steuergerät genutzt werden, das zum prädiktiven Festlegen der Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Neustarts unter Froststartbedingungen vorgesehen ist, und das bei Überschreiten eines Grenzwertes für die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Froststartes die Abschaltprozedur initiiert und das Purgeventil
Ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer derartig verbesserten Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung besitzt eine verbesserte Alltagstauglichkeit auch unter wechselnden Umweltbedingungen.A motor vehicle with such an improved fuel cell device has improved suitability for everyday use even under changing environmental conditions.
BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols
- 11
- BrennstoffzellenvorrichtungFuel cell device
- 22
- BrennstoffzellenstapelFuel cell stack
- 33
- KathodenzufuhrleitungCathode feed line
- 44th
- AnodenzufuhrleitungAnode feed line
- 55
- AnodenrezirkulationsleitungAnode recirculation line
- 66
- PurgeventilPurge valve
- 77th
- Verdichtercompressor
- 88th
- WärmetauscherHeat exchanger
- 99
- BefeuchterHumidifier
- 1010
- BrennstoffspeicherFuel storage
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturPatent literature cited
- US 2018/0034082 A1 [0003]US 2018/0034082 A1 [0003]
- US 2011/0262822 A1 [0004]US 2011/0262822 A1 [0004]
Claims (7)
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DE102019209767.7A DE102019209767A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Method for parking a fuel cell device, fuel cell device and motor vehicle |
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DE102019209767.7A DE102019209767A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Method for parking a fuel cell device, fuel cell device and motor vehicle |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114394003A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Control system suitable for power off of hydrogen fuel commercial vehicle and use method |
DE102021202986A1 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for operating a fuel cell system, fuel cell system |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008041395A (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system |
-
2019
- 2019-07-03 DE DE102019209767.7A patent/DE102019209767A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008041395A (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021202986A1 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for operating a fuel cell system, fuel cell system |
CN114394003A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Control system suitable for power off of hydrogen fuel commercial vehicle and use method |
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