DE102019209262B4 - DRIVE FOR A DOOR OR WINDOW LEAF - Google Patents

Abstract

A drive for a wing of a door, a window or the like comprises a housing filled with hydraulic medium. In addition, the drive is provided with at least one evaporation unit, which comprises an evaporation chamber having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, the inlet opening of which is provided with a closure element that opens at a predefined pressure and / or temperature in the drive to release the evaporation chamber for the expanding hydraulic medium , after which evaporated hydraulic medium can escape to the outside through the outlet opening of the evaporation chamber.

Description

The invention relates to a drive for a wing of a door, a window or the like, with a housing filled with hydraulic medium.

Such a drive can in particular be a fire protection door closer.

In a known door drive, an output shaft is rotated when the sash is opened and closed, and a piston is thus displaced axially against the force of the spring unit usually comprising a compression spring when the sash is opened in the housing. The closing of the wing is then supported by the spring unit, which relaxes again. This thus serves as an energy store. The piston divides the interior of the housing into a pressureless space and a pressure space. In order to achieve certain damping properties, these are connected to one another by overflow channels through which the hydraulic medium, which is usually oil, can flow over partially damped to dampen the wing movement.

For fire protection barriers, such as fire protection doors in particular, there are stringent requirements that are intended to prevent oil from escaping and igniting in the event of a fire. In the past, the hydraulic medium or oil was kept in the drive for as long as possible. By means of volume compensation elements, compensation volumes were made available for the hydraulic medium expanding at higher temperatures and / or pressure. In other previously known drives of the type mentioned at the outset, flame-retardant or non-combustible pressure media were also used to influence the fire behavior accordingly.

In the event of a fire, temperatures of up to 800 ° C can occur on a door or the door closer. When the door closer is heated accordingly, the hydraulic medium or oil expands. Since oil is not compressible, the pressure in the door closer or drive increases quickly. In this way, it should be avoided that sealing points fail or some oil escapes due to excessive pressure in the drive.

In the DE 10 2015 223 747 B3 describes a drive for a door or window sash from which hydraulic medium can expand from an evaporation chamber due to a rise in temperature or pressure.

From the GB 2 349 173 A a liquid space in a door closer with smoke and gas absorption in case of fire is known.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a drive of the type mentioned at the outset, the fire protection properties and fire behavior of which are further optimized with a structure that is kept as simple as possible and correspondingly low costs.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a drive with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the drive according to the invention emerge from the subclaims, the present description and the drawing.

The drive according to the invention for a wing of a door or a gate, a window or skylight or a flap comprises a housing filled with hydraulic medium. The drive is also provided with at least one evaporation unit, which comprises an evaporation chamber having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, the inlet opening of which is provided with a closure element which, at a predefined pressure and / or a predefined temperature in the drive, opens the evaporation chamber for the expanding hydraulic medium opens, after which hydraulic medium which has evaporated can escape to the outside through the outlet opening of the evaporation chamber. Outward means out of the evaporation chamber and / or the housing.

Because of this design, the fire protection properties and the fire behavior of the drive are further optimized with a relatively simple structure and correspondingly inexpensive. Instead of keeping the hydraulic medium in the drive as long as possible in the event of a fire, it can now at least partially evaporate in the evaporation chamber, then exit at a relatively low temperature, essentially without pressure, and be discharged into the environment in a controlled manner. Since the oxygen supply is limited inside the evaporation chamber, ignition of the hydraulic medium vapor is prevented or prevented. In the event of an ignition inside the evaporation chamber, the flame would quickly be smothered again. The escaping steam can in particular be carried away from the drive to the outside in such a way that it does not come into contact with hot surfaces or even flames. The drive can withstand higher temperatures. Finally, hydraulic medium can also be saved, which further reduces costs. The drive according to the invention is not only inexpensive in construction, but also relatively robust. In comparison to the known drives, hardly any more components are required.

The evaporation unit is preferably arranged in the spring chamber of the drive. Since there is a relatively large amount of space available in the spring chamber, the Evaporation space are made relatively large and in particular so large that as much hydraulic medium evaporates as is displaced by the volume expansion as a result of a respective increase in temperature.

The evaporation unit can comprise an evaporation housing, in particular an essentially cylindrical or tubular evaporation housing, which surrounds the evaporation space. The evaporation unit is advantageously supported on a drive housing cover via the evaporation housing. This is preferably provided with an opening through which the hydraulic medium vapor emerging from the evaporation chamber of the evaporation unit can be discharged from the drive to the outside.

According to an alternative advantageous embodiment of the drive according to the invention, the evaporation space of at least one evaporation unit, in particular in the form of an evaporation bore, is provided in the drive housing wall.

In certain cases it can also be advantageous if at least one evaporation unit is provided as an independent assembly in a recess, in particular a bore, in the drive housing wall.

In addition, in particular those embodiments of the drive according to the invention are also conceivable in which at least one evaporation unit is embodied in a drive housing cover. Furthermore, at least one evaporation unit can be arranged as an independent assembly on the outside of the drive housing. The hydraulic medium in the gaseous state can be discharged out of the evaporation chamber and / or out of the housing to the outside.

The closure element provided at the inlet opening of the evaporation chamber of a respective evaporation unit is preferably pressed into the evaporation housing or the evaporation chamber and / or screwed, clipped, glued, welded and / or the like to the evaporation housing or the evaporation chamber. The relevant closure element opens at the predefined pressure and / or temperature and thus releases the evaporation space of the evaporation unit for the expanding hydraulic medium.

According to a preferred practical embodiment of the drive according to the invention, the closure element provided at the inlet opening of the evaporation chamber of a respective evaporation unit comprises a reversible closure element, in particular a pressure relief valve and / or the like, which automatically re-opens with a respective pressure drop and / or cooling below the predefined pressure or temperature returns to its closed state. Such a reversible closure element can be used several times, with the evaporation space only being released for expanding hydraulic medium when required.

The closure element provided at the inlet opening of the evaporation space of a respective evaporation unit can, however, also comprise, for example, a break plate, a melting element and / or the like.

The outlet opening can also advantageously be closed by a closure element. At a higher temperature, it opens once or reversibly in order to allow evaporated oil to escape to the outside, that is to say out of the evaporation chamber and / or the housing.

The hydraulic medium reaching the evaporation chamber at higher pressure and / or temperature can in particular be distributed on the inside of the evaporation chamber in order to evaporate as quickly as possible. The larger the evaporation surface, the faster the evaporation of the hydraulic medium takes place. It is therefore particularly advantageous if the evaporation space of a respective evaporation unit is provided with evaporation aids, in particular means for enlarging the evaporation surface.

According to a preferred practical embodiment of the drive according to the invention, the evaporation means comprise an evaporation accelerator, which has an insert consisting in particular of absorbent and / or structured material, through which the hydraulic medium is distributed over at least substantially the entire inner surface of the evaporation chamber, or consists of a material , the absorbent, hydraulic medium contains absorbent and / or structured components such as binders, granules, fabrics, fleece and / or the like.

It is also particularly advantageous if the evaporation accelerator comprises a fabric arranged in the evaporation space in a spiral, star shape or the like to enlarge the evaporation surface.

The evaporation accelerator preferably comprises constituents which, as carrier material and / or adsorbent for holding the hydraulic material, are heat-resistant porous granules made of in particular diatomaceous earth, expanded clay, kieselguhr, zeolite, expanded vermiculite, mineral sepiolite and / or the like.

Alternatively or in addition, it is also particularly advantageous if the inner surface of the evaporation space of the evaporation unit is structured in order to enlarge the evaporation surface.

In order to retain hydraulic medium that has not yet evaporated in the evaporation space of the evaporation unit, the evaporation space and / or, if appropriate, the drive housing cover supporting the evaporation unit is expediently provided with a shoulder.

According to a further preferred practical embodiment of the drive according to the invention, the preload of the spring unit is variably adjustable via a closing force adjustment and the evaporation housing surrounding the evaporation chamber of the evaporation unit is tubular, rotatably mounted in the housing and axially at least partially provided with an external thread which is part of the closing force adjustment according to Art a spindle drive cooperates with a spring plate which is provided as a threaded nut and acts on the spring unit. This not only further simplifies the structure of the drive. The evaporation space can also be made larger.

As already mentioned, the drive can in particular be designed as a fire protection door closer.

• 1 eine schematische Längsschnittdarstellung einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs mit einer im Federraum angeordneten, einen mit Verdampfungshilfsmitteln versehenen Verdampfungsraum umfassenden Verdampfungseinheit und einem Überdruckventil als Verschlusselement,
• 2 eine schematische, geschnittene Teildarstellung einer mit der Ausführungsform gemäß 1 vergleichbaren weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs, bei der die Verdampfungshilfsmittel ein Hydraulikmedium aufnehmendes Gewebe umfassen, der die Verdampfungseinheit abstützende Antriebsgehäusedeckel zum Zurückhalten noch nicht verdampften Hydraulikmediums mit einem Absatz versehen und als Verschlusselement ein Schmelzelement vorgesehen ist,
• 3 eine schematische, geschnittene Teildarstellung einer mit der Ausführungsform gemäß 1 vergleichbaren weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs, bei der die Verdampfungshilfsmittel Hydraulikmedium aufnehmendes Granulat umfassen, das den Verdampfungsraum umgebende Verdampfungsgehäuse zum Zurückhalten noch nicht verdampften Hydraulikmediums mit einem Absatz versehen und als Verschlussmedium ein Hydraulikventil vorgesehen ist,
• 4 eine schematische Längsschnittdarstellung einer mit der Ausführungsform gemäß 3 vergleichbaren weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs, bei der die Verdampfungshilfsmittel jedoch wieder ein Hydraulikmedium aufnehmendes Gewebe umfassen,
• 5 eine schematische, geschnittene Teildarstellung einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs, bei der das den Verdampfungsraum umgebende Verdampfungsgehäuse zumindest teilweise gleichzeitig als Spindel einer Schließkraftverstellung ausgeführt und als Verschlusselement ein Schmelzelement vorgesehen ist,
• 6 eine schematische, geschnittene Längsschnittdarstellung einer mit der Ausführungsform gemäß 5 vergleichbaren weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs, wobei als Verschlusselement jedoch ein Überdruckventil vorgesehen ist,
• 7 eine schematische, geschnittene Längsschnittdarstellung einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs, bei der der Verdampfungsraum der Verdampfungseinheit, insbesondere als Verdampfungsbohrung, in der Antriebsgehäusewandung vorgesehen ist, und
• 8 eine schematische, geschnittene Längsschnittdarstellung einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs, bei der der Verdampfungsraum der Verdampfungseinheit in einem Antriebsgehäusedeckel ausgeführt ist.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing; in this show:

• 1 a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a drive according to the invention with an evaporation unit arranged in the spring chamber, comprising an evaporation chamber provided with evaporation aids, and a pressure relief valve as a closure element,
• 2 a schematic, sectional partial representation of one with the embodiment according to 1 Comparable further embodiment of the drive according to the invention, in which the evaporation aids comprise a fabric that absorbs the hydraulic medium, the drive housing cover supporting the evaporation unit is provided with a shoulder to hold back hydraulic medium that has not yet evaporated, and a melting element is provided as the closure element,
• 3 a schematic, sectional partial representation of one with the embodiment according to 1 Comparable further exemplary embodiment of the drive according to the invention, in which the evaporation auxiliaries comprise hydraulic medium-absorbing granules, the evaporation housing surrounding the evaporation chamber is provided with a shoulder to hold back hydraulic medium that has not yet evaporated and a hydraulic valve is provided as a closure medium,
• 4th a schematic longitudinal sectional view of one with the embodiment according to 3 comparable further exemplary embodiment of the drive according to the invention, in which the evaporation aids, however, again comprise a tissue that absorbs hydraulic medium,
• 5 a schematic, sectional partial representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the drive according to the invention, in which the evaporation housing surrounding the evaporation chamber is at least partially designed at the same time as a spindle of a closing force adjustment and a melting element is provided as the closing element,
• 6th a schematic, sectional longitudinal sectional view of one with the embodiment according to 5 comparable further exemplary embodiment of the drive according to the invention, but with a pressure relief valve being provided as the closure element,
• 7th a schematic, sectional longitudinal sectional view of a further exemplary embodiment of the drive according to the invention, in which the evaporation chamber of the evaporation unit, in particular as an evaporation bore, is provided in the drive housing wall, and
• 8th a schematic, sectioned longitudinal sectional illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of the drive according to the invention, in which the evaporation space of the evaporation unit is implemented in a drive housing cover.

The 1 to 8th show different exemplary embodiments of a drive according to the invention 10 for a wing of a door, a window or the like.

The drive includes 10 each one with hydraulic medium 12 filled housing 14th and in this example one slidable in the housing 14th guided by a spring unit 16 loaded piston 18th and one rotatable on the housing 14th stored, with the piston 18th Actively connected output shaft 20th . This can be the case with the drive 10 for example a door closer.

With each opening of the wing, the output shaft 20th twisted and through a gear the piston 18th from its starting position (see in particular the 1 and 4th ) moved against the spring force. Here is the output shaft 20th in the present exemplary embodiments, for example, via a rack and pinion gear with the piston 18th connected, which is designed as a hollow piston with an internal thread. In principle, however, other gears are also available for a corresponding operative connection between the output shaft 20th and the piston 18th conceivable.

The respective drive 10 is also equipped with an evaporation unit 22nd provided that one an inlet opening 24 and an exit port 26th having evaporation space 28 includes. The entrance opening 24 of the evaporation room 28 is with a locking element 30th provided that at a predefined pressure and / or a predefined temperature in the drive 10 to release the evaporation space 28 for the expanding hydraulic medium 12 opens while through the outlet opening 26th of the evaporation room 28 in the evaporation room 28 evaporated hydraulic medium can escape to the outside.

In the embodiments according to 1 to 6th is the evaporation room 28 each in the spring unit 16 containing spring chamber of the drive 10 arranged. This includes the evaporation unit 22nd each a cylindrical one, the evaporation chamber 28 surrounding evaporator housing 32 . As from the 1 to 6th the evaporation unit can be seen here 22nd via the evaporator housing 32 each on a drive housing cover 34 supported. The drive housing cover 34 is each with an opening 36 provided over which the from the evaporation chamber 28 the evaporation unit 22nd escaping hydraulic medium vapor from the drive 10 can be discharged to the outside.

The evaporation space is on the other hand 28 in the embodiment according to 7th provided in the drive housing wall, wherein it can be designed in particular as an evaporation hole.

8th shows a further exemplary embodiment of the drive according to the invention 10 where the evaporation unit 22nd in a drive housing cover 34 is executed.

However, such designs are also conceivable, for example, in which the evaporation unit 22nd provided as an independent assembly in a recess, in particular a bore, in the drive housing wall or as an independent assembly on the outside of the drive housing 14th is arranged.

The one at the entrance 24 of the evaporation room 28 a respective evaporation unit 22nd provided closure element 30th can be placed in the evaporator housing 32 or the evaporation space 28 pressed in and / or with the evaporator housing 32 or the evaporation chamber 28 screwed, clipped, glued, welded and / or the like. In the embodiments according to 1 , 3 and 6th to 8th includes this closure element 30th in each case a reversible closure element, here for example a pressure relief valve, which automatically returns to its closed state with a respective pressure drop and / or cooling below the predefined pressure or temperature. This reversible closure element 30th can therefore be used multiple times.

In contrast, the closure element comprises 30th in the embodiments according to 2 and 5 one fusible element each. However, such embodiments are also conceivable, for example, in which the closure element 30th comprises a crushing plate and / or the like.

The evaporation room 28 a respective evaporation unit 22nd can with evaporation aids 38 , in particular means for increasing the evaporation surface. This evaporation aid 38 can for example comprise an evaporation accelerator which has an insert consisting in particular of absorbent and / or structured material, through which the hydraulic medium is applied to at least substantially the entire inner surface of the evaporation space 28 is distributed (see in particular 1 ), or consists of a material that contains absorbent, hydraulic medium absorbent and / or structured components such as, in particular, binders, granules, fabric, fleece and / or the like.

The evaporation accelerator can in particular also be a spiral, star-shaped or the like in the evaporation space to enlarge the evaporation surface 28 comprise arranged tissue.

In particular, such designs are also conceivable in which the evaporation accelerator comprises components which contain heat-resistant, porous granules of, in particular, diatomaceous earth, expanded clay, kieselguhr, zeolite, expanded vermiculite, mineral sepiolite and / or the like as carrier material and / or adsorbent for holding the hydraulic material. Alternatively or in addition, the inner surface of the evaporation chamber 28 the evaporation unit 22nd be structured to increase the evaporation surface.

While in the embodiment according to 1 the evaporation aids 38 comprise an insert, comprise this in the embodiments according to FIGS 2 and 4th each a hydraulic medium absorbing tissue. In contrast, the evaporation auxiliaries contain 38 in the embodiment according to 3 a hydraulic medium absorbing granulate.

To hold back hydraulic medium that has not yet evaporated 12 in the evaporation room 28 the evaporation unit 22nd can the evaporation room 28 (see in particular the 1 and 3 ) or the evaporation unit 22nd supporting drive housing cover 34 with a paragraph 40 be provided.

In the embodiments according to 5 and 6th is the preload of the spring unit 16 each via a clamping force adjustment 42 variably adjustable and that the evaporation space 28 the evaporation unit 22nd surrounding evaporator housing 32 designed tubular, in the housing 14th rotatably mounted and with an external thread 44 provided that as part of the clamping force adjustment 42 in the manner of a spindle drive with a spring unit designed as a threaded nut 16 acting spring plate 46 cooperates.

The one with an external thread 44 provided, rotatable in the drive housing 14th or the drive housing cover 34 stored evaporator housing 32 can be used to axially adjust the spring plate 46 via a relative to the drive housing 14th axially stationary drive wheel 48 be twisted.

Like that 5 and 6th can also be seen, the axial stroke of the spring plate 46 by a stop 50 be limited, which in the present case for example by a radially outer shoulder of the evaporation housing 32 is formed (see again the 5 and 6th ).

As already stated, the drive can 10 be designed in particular as a fire protection door closer.

The drive according to the invention 10 can withstand higher temperatures without flame formation. By saving hydraulic medium, the operating costs are reduced. It is also characterized by an inexpensive, robust construction. Compared to the conventional designs, hardly any more components are required. With the evaporation housing integrated in the clamping force adjustment, the structure of the drive 10 further simplified.

List of reference symbols

10

drive

12

Hydraulic medium

14th

Drive housing

16

Spring unit

18th

piston

20th

Output shaft

22nd

Evaporation unit

24

Inlet opening

26th

Outlet opening

28

Evaporation room

30th

Closure element

32

Evaporator housing

34

Drive housing cover

36

opening

38

Evaporation aid

40

paragraph

42

Clamping force adjustment

44

External thread

46

Spring plate

48

drive wheel

50

attack

Claims (17)

Drive (10) for a leaf of a door or a window, with a housing (14) filled with hydraulic medium (12), the drive (10) also being provided with at least one evaporation unit (22) which has an inlet opening (24) and an outlet opening (26) having evaporation chamber (28), the inlet opening (24) of which is provided with a closure element (30), which at a predefined pressure and / or predefined temperature in the drive (10) to release the evaporation chamber (28) for the expanding hydraulic medium (12) opens, and through the outlet opening (26) of the evaporation chamber (28) evaporated hydraulic medium can escape to the outside, characterized in that the bias of a spring unit (16) is variably adjustable via a closing force adjustment (42), and that an evaporation housing (32) surrounding the evaporation chamber (28) of the evaporation unit (22) is tubular, rotatably mounted in the housing (14) and axially at least is provided at least in sections with an external thread (44) which, as part of the closing force adjustment (42) in the manner of a spindle drive with a threaded nut, is the spring unit (16) acting on the spring plate (46) cooperates. Drive after Claim 1 , characterized in that the evaporation unit (22) is arranged in the spring chamber of the drive (10). Drive after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the evaporation unit (22) is supported on a drive housing cover (34) via the evaporation housing (32). Drive after Claim 1 or 3 , characterized in that the housing (14) and / or the drive housing cover (34) is provided with an opening (36) through which the hydraulic medium vapor emerging from the evaporation chamber (28) of the evaporation unit (22) from the drive (10) can be removed from the outside. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporation space (28) of at least one evaporation unit (22), in particular in the form of a bore, is provided in the drive housing wall. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one evaporation unit (22) is provided as an independent assembly in a recess, in particular a bore, in the drive housing wall. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one evaporation unit (22) is implemented in a drive housing cover (34) and / or at least one evaporation unit is arranged as an independent assembly on the outside of the drive housing (14). Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closure element (30) provided at the inlet opening (24) of the evaporation chamber (28) of a respective evaporation unit (22) is pressed into the evaporation housing (32) or the evaporation chamber (28) and / or is screwed and / or clipped and / or glued and / or welded to the evaporation housing (32) or the evaporation chamber (28). Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closure element (30) provided at the inlet opening (24) of the evaporation space (28) of a respective evaporation unit (22) comprises a reversible closure element, in particular a pressure relief valve, which with a respective pressure drop and / or cooling below the predefined pressure or temperature automatically returns to its closed state. Drive according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the closure element (30) provided at the inlet opening (24) of the evaporation space (28) of a respective evaporation unit (22) comprises a breaker plate and / or a melting element. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporation space (28) of a respective evaporation unit (22) is provided with evaporation aids (38), in particular means for enlarging the evaporation surface. Drive after Claim 11 , characterized in that the evaporation aids (38) comprise an evaporation accelerator which has an insert consisting in particular of absorbent and / or structured material, through which the hydraulic medium is distributed over at least substantially the entire inner surface of the evaporation space (28), or from a Material consists of absorbent, hydraulic medium absorbent and / or structured components such as in particular binders and / or granules and / or fabric and / or fleece. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporation accelerator comprises a fabric arranged in a spiral or star shape in the evaporation space in order to enlarge the evaporation surface. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporation accelerator comprises components which, as carrier material and / or adsorbent for receiving the hydraulic material, are heat-resistant porous granules made of in particular diatomaceous earth and / or expanded clay and / or kieselguhr and / or zeolite and / or expanded vermiculite and / or mineral sepiolite. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner surface of the evaporation space (28) of the evaporation unit (22) is structured in order to enlarge the evaporation surface. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in order to hold back not yet evaporated hydraulic medium (12) in the evaporation chamber (28) of the evaporation unit (22), the evaporation chamber (28) and / or possibly the evaporation unit (22) supporting drive housing cover (34) is provided with a shoulder (40). Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive (10) is designed as a fire protection door closer.

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